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  2. <!Converted with LaTeX2HTML 95.1 (Fri Jan 20 1995) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds >
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  4. <TITLE>Linux Installation and Getting Started</TITLE>
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  13. <B> Next:</B> <A NAME=tex2html1120 HREF="node1.html">Contents</A>
  14. <BR>
  15. <HR> <P>
  16. <H1>Linux Installation and Getting Started</H1>
  17. <P><b>by Matt Welsh</b>
  18. <P>Version 2.2.2, 12 February 1995
  19. <P>(c)1992-1994 by Matt Welsh, <code>mdw@sunsite.unc.edu</code>
  20. <P> <img src="linux.gif"> <P>
  21.  
  22. <H2>Notes on this book</H2>
  23.  
  24. <I>Linux Installation and Getting Started</I> is an installation and
  25. new-user guide to the Linux system. Linux is a free clone of the UNIX
  26. operating system developed for 80386 and 80486 machines. This book
  27. describes how to obtain and install Linux on your system, as well as how
  28. to start using it. Information on configuration of X-Windows, basic
  29. system administration, and much more is included.
  30.  
  31. <p>
  32. This HTML version of the book was provided by
  33. Ken Edwards (<code>edwards@xon.cuug.ab.ca</code>),
  34. and was generated using
  35. <code>latex2html</code>. As such, there are several technical glitches
  36. in the book---the index isn't perfect, and anything which 
  37. <code>latex2html</code> doesn't understand appears as a small inline image.
  38. If you don't want to get all of these images, tell your WWW client
  39. not to load inline images.
  40.  
  41. <p>
  42. <b>This site is very loaded.</b> You can download the HTML version
  43. of this book for yourself (gzipped tar file) by clicking 
  44. <a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/LDP/install-guide-2.2.2.html.tar.gz">here</a>.
  45.  
  46. <p>
  47. This book is available in various formats, such as PostScript, .dvi, 
  48. LaTeX source, and plain ASCII from 
  49. <a href="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/install-guide/INDEX.html">sunsite.unc.edu</a>.  There are also several publishing companies distributing printed 
  50. and bound copies of the book; see the 
  51. <a href="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP/install-guide/install-guide-2.2.2.README">README</a> file for details.
  52.  
  53. <p>Blatant sales pitch: My newest book, <em>Running Linux</em>,
  54. has been published by <a href="http://www.ora.com">O'Reilly and
  55. Associates</a>. It's 600 pages full of everything you need to know
  56. to run and use Linux.  More information can be found
  57. <a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/mdw/rl.txt">here</a>.
  58.  
  59. <p>
  60. If you have any questions about this book, please feel free to contact
  61. the author at <code>mdw@sunsite.unc.edu</code>.
  62.  
  63. <p>
  64. <a href="http://www.cs.cornell.edu/Info/People/mdw/mdw.html">About the author.</a>
  65.  
  66.  
  67. <HR>
  68.  
  69. <UL> 
  70. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1123 HREF="node1.html#SECTION00100000000000000000">Contents</A>
  71. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1124 HREF="node2.html#SECTION00200000000000000000"> Preface</A>
  72. <UL> 
  73. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1125 HREF="node3.html#SECTION00210000000000000000"> Audience</A>
  74. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1126 HREF="node4.html#SECTION00220000000000000000"> Organization</A>
  75. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1127 HREF="node5.html#SECTION00230000000000000000"> Acknowledgments</A>
  76. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1128 HREF="node6.html#SECTION00240000000000000000"> Credits and Legalese</A>
  77. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1129 HREF="node7.html#SECTION00250000000000000000"> Documentation Conventions</A>
  78. </UL> 
  79. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1130 HREF="node8.html#SECTION00300000000000000000">1 Introduction to Linux</A>
  80. <UL> 
  81. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1131 HREF="node9.html#SECTION00310000000000000000">1.1 About This Book</A>
  82. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1132 HREF="node10.html#SECTION00320000000000000000">1.2 A Brief History of Linux</A>
  83. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1133 HREF="node11.html#SECTION00330000000000000000">1.3 System Features</A>
  84. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1134 HREF="node12.html#SECTION00340000000000000000">1.4 Software Features</A>
  85. <UL> 
  86. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1135 HREF="node13.html#SECTION00341000000000000000">1.4.1 Basic commands and utilities</A>
  87. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1136 HREF="node14.html#SECTION00342000000000000000">1.4.2 Text processing and word processing</A>
  88. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1137 HREF="node15.html#SECTION00343000000000000000">1.4.3 Programming languages and utilities</A>
  89. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1138 HREF="node16.html#SECTION00344000000000000000">1.4.4 The X Window System</A>
  90. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1139 HREF="node17.html#SECTION00345000000000000000">1.4.5 Networking</A>
  91. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1140 HREF="node18.html#SECTION00346000000000000000">1.4.6 Telecommunications and BBS software</A>
  92. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1141 HREF="node19.html#SECTION00347000000000000000">1.4.7 Interfacing with MS-DOS</A>
  93. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1142 HREF="node20.html#SECTION00348000000000000000">1.4.8 Other applications</A>
  94. </UL> 
  95. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1143 HREF="node21.html#SECTION00350000000000000000">1.5 About Linux's Copyright</A>
  96. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1144 HREF="node22.html#SECTION00360000000000000000">1.6 The Design and Philosophy of Linux</A>
  97. <UL> 
  98. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1145 HREF="node23.html#SECTION00361000000000000000">1.6.1 Hints for UNIX novices</A>
  99. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1146 HREF="node24.html#SECTION00362000000000000000">1.6.2 Hints for UNIX gurus</A>
  100. </UL> 
  101. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1147 HREF="node25.html#SECTION00370000000000000000">1.7 Differences Between Linux and Other Operating Systems</A>
  102. <UL> 
  103. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1148 HREF="node26.html#SECTION00371000000000000000">1.7.1 Why use Linux?</A>
  104. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1149 HREF="node27.html#SECTION00372000000000000000">1.7.2 Linux vs. MS-DOS</A>
  105. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1150 HREF="node28.html#SECTION00373000000000000000">1.7.3 Linux vs. The Other Guys</A>
  106. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1151 HREF="node29.html#SECTION00374000000000000000">1.7.4 Other implementations of UNIX</A>
  107. </UL> 
  108. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1152 HREF="node30.html#SECTION00380000000000000000">1.8 Hardware Requirements</A>
  109. <UL> 
  110. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1153 HREF="node31.html#SECTION00381000000000000000">1.8.1 Motherboard and CPU requirements</A>
  111. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1154 HREF="node32.html#SECTION00382000000000000000">1.8.2 Memory requirements</A>
  112. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1155 HREF="node33.html#SECTION00383000000000000000">1.8.3 Hard drive controller requirements</A>
  113. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1156 HREF="node34.html#SECTION00384000000000000000">1.8.4 Hard drive space requirements</A>
  114. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1157 HREF="node35.html#SECTION00385000000000000000">1.8.5 Monitor and video adapator requirements</A>
  115. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1158 HREF="node36.html#SECTION00386000000000000000">1.8.6 Miscellaneous hardware</A>
  116. <UL> 
  117. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1159 HREF="node37.html#SECTION00386100000000000000">1.8.6.1 Mice and other pointing devices</A>
  118. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1160 HREF="node38.html#SECTION00386200000000000000">1.8.6.2 CD-ROM storage</A>
  119. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1161 HREF="node39.html#SECTION00386300000000000000">1.8.6.3 Tape drives</A>
  120. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1162 HREF="node40.html#SECTION00386400000000000000">1.8.6.4 Printers</A>
  121. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1163 HREF="node41.html#SECTION00386500000000000000">1.8.6.5 Modems</A>
  122. </UL> 
  123. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1164 HREF="node42.html#SECTION00387000000000000000">1.8.7 Ethernet cards</A>
  124. </UL> 
  125. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1165 HREF="node43.html#SECTION00390000000000000000">1.9 Sources of Linux Information</A>
  126. <UL> 
  127. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1166 HREF="node44.html#SECTION00391000000000000000">1.9.1 Online documents</A>
  128. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1167 HREF="node45.html#SECTION00392000000000000000">1.9.2 Linux on the World Wide Web</A>
  129. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1168 HREF="node46.html#SECTION00393000000000000000">1.9.3 Books and other published works</A>
  130. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1169 HREF="node47.html#SECTION00394000000000000000">1.9.4 USENET newsgroups</A>
  131. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1170 HREF="node48.html#SECTION00395000000000000000">1.9.5 Internet mailing lists</A>
  132. </UL> 
  133. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1171 HREF="node49.html#SECTION003100000000000000000">1.10 Getting Help</A>
  134. </UL> 
  135. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1172 HREF="node50.html#SECTION00400000000000000000">2 Obtaining and Installing Linux</A>
  136. <UL> 
  137. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1173 HREF="node51.html#SECTION00410000000000000000">2.1 Distributions of Linux</A>
  138. <UL> 
  139. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1174 HREF="node52.html#SECTION00411000000000000000">2.1.1 Getting Linux from the Internet</A>
  140. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1175 HREF="node53.html#SECTION00412000000000000000">2.1.2 Getting Linux from other online sources</A>
  141. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1176 HREF="node54.html#SECTION00413000000000000000">2.1.3 Getting Linux via mail order</A>
  142. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1177 HREF="node55.html#SECTION00414000000000000000">2.1.4 Getting Slackware</A>
  143. <UL> 
  144. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1178 HREF="node56.html#SECTION00414100000000000000">2.1.4.1 Slackware disk sets</A>
  145. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1179 HREF="node57.html#SECTION00414200000000000000">2.1.4.2 Getting Slackware from the Internet</A>
  146. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1180 HREF="node59.html#SECTION00414300000000000000">2.1.4.3 Getting Slackware on CD-ROM</A>
  147. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1181 HREF="node60.html#SECTION00414400000000000000">2.1.4.4 Installation methods</A>
  148. </UL> 
  149. </UL> 
  150. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1182 HREF="node65.html#SECTION00420000000000000000">2.2 Preparing to Install Linux</A>
  151. <UL> 
  152. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1183 HREF="node66.html#SECTION00421000000000000000">2.2.1 Installation overview</A>
  153. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1184 HREF="node67.html#SECTION00422000000000000000">2.2.2 Repartitioning concepts</A>
  154. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1185 HREF="node68.html#SECTION00423000000000000000">2.2.3 Linux partition requirements</A>
  155. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1186 HREF="node69.html#SECTION00424000000000000000">2.2.4 Repartitioning your drives</A>
  156. </UL> 
  157. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1187 HREF="node70.html#SECTION00430000000000000000">2.3 Installing the Linux software</A>
  158. <UL> 
  159. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1188 HREF="node71.html#SECTION00431000000000000000">2.3.1 Booting Linux</A>
  160. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1189 HREF="node72.html#SECTION00432000000000000000">2.3.2 Drives and partitions under Linux</A>
  161. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1190 HREF="node73.html#SECTION00433000000000000000">2.3.3 Creating Linux partitions</A>
  162. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1191 HREF="node74.html#SECTION00434000000000000000">2.3.4 Creating the swap space</A>
  163. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1192 HREF="node75.html#SECTION00435000000000000000">2.3.5 Creating the filesystems</A>
  164. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1193 HREF="node76.html#SECTION00436000000000000000">2.3.6 Installing the software</A>
  165. <UL> 
  166. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1194 HREF="node77.html#SECTION00436100000000000000">2.3.6.1 Installing Slackware with setup</A>
  167. </UL> 
  168. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1195 HREF="node78.html#SECTION00437000000000000000">2.3.7 Creating the boot floppy or installing LILO</A>
  169. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1196 HREF="node79.html#SECTION00438000000000000000">2.3.8 Additional installation procedures</A>
  170. </UL> 
  171. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1197 HREF="node80.html#SECTION00440000000000000000">2.4 Postinstallation procedures</A>
  172. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1198 HREF="node81.html#SECTION00450000000000000000">2.5 Running Into Trouble</A>
  173. <UL> 
  174. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1199 HREF="node82.html#SECTION00451000000000000000">2.5.1 Problems with booting the installation media</A>
  175. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1200 HREF="node83.html#SECTION00452000000000000000">2.5.2 Hardware problems</A>
  176. <UL> 
  177. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1201 HREF="node84.html#SECTION00452100000000000000">2.5.2.1 Isolating hardware problems</A>
  178. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1202 HREF="node85.html#SECTION00452200000000000000">2.5.2.2 Problems recognizing hard drive or controller</A>
  179. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1203 HREF="node86.html#SECTION00452300000000000000">2.5.2.3 Problems with SCSI controllers and devices</A>
  180. </UL> 
  181. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1204 HREF="node87.html#SECTION00453000000000000000">2.5.3 Problems installing the software</A>
  182. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1205 HREF="node88.html#SECTION00454000000000000000">2.5.4 Problems after installing Linux</A>
  183. <UL> 
  184. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1206 HREF="node89.html#SECTION00454100000000000000">2.5.4.1 Problems booting Linux from floppy</A>
  185. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1207 HREF="node90.html#SECTION00454200000000000000">2.5.4.2 Problems booting Linux from the hard drive</A>
  186. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1208 HREF="node91.html#SECTION00454300000000000000">2.5.4.3 Problems logging in</A>
  187. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1209 HREF="node92.html#SECTION00454400000000000000">2.5.4.4 Problems using the system</A>
  188. </UL> 
  189. </UL> 
  190. </UL> 
  191. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1210 HREF="node93.html#SECTION00500000000000000000">3 Linux Tutorial</A>
  192. <UL> 
  193. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1211 HREF="node94.html#SECTION00510000000000000000">3.1 Introduction</A>
  194. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1212 HREF="node95.html#SECTION00520000000000000000">3.2 Basic UNIX Concepts</A>
  195. <UL> 
  196. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1213 HREF="node96.html#SECTION00521000000000000000">3.2.1 Creating an account</A>
  197. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1214 HREF="node97.html#SECTION00522000000000000000">3.2.2 Logging in</A>
  198. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1215 HREF="node98.html#SECTION00523000000000000000">3.2.3 Virtual consoles</A>
  199. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1216 HREF="node99.html#SECTION00524000000000000000">3.2.4 Shells and commands</A>
  200. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1217 HREF="node100.html#SECTION00525000000000000000">3.2.5 Logging out</A>
  201. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1218 HREF="node101.html#SECTION00526000000000000000">3.2.6 Changing your password</A>
  202. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1219 HREF="node102.html#SECTION00527000000000000000">3.2.7 Files and directories</A>
  203. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1220 HREF="node103.html#SECTION00528000000000000000">3.2.8 The directory tree</A>
  204. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1221 HREF="node104.html#SECTION00529000000000000000">3.2.9 The current working directory</A>
  205. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1222 HREF="node105.html#SECTION005210000000000000000">3.2.10 Referring to home directories</A>
  206. </UL> 
  207. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1223 HREF="node106.html#SECTION00530000000000000000">3.3 First Steps into UNIX</A>
  208. <UL> 
  209. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1224 HREF="node107.html#SECTION00531000000000000000">3.3.1 Moving around</A>
  210. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1225 HREF="node108.html#SECTION00532000000000000000">3.3.2 Looking at the contents of directories</A>
  211. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1226 HREF="node109.html#SECTION00533000000000000000">3.3.3 Creating new directories</A>
  212. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1227 HREF="node110.html#SECTION00534000000000000000">3.3.4 Copying files</A>
  213. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1228 HREF="node111.html#SECTION00535000000000000000">3.3.5 Moving files</A>
  214. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1229 HREF="node112.html#SECTION00536000000000000000">3.3.6 Deleting files and directories</A>
  215. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1230 HREF="node113.html#SECTION00537000000000000000">3.3.7 Looking at files</A>
  216. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1231 HREF="node114.html#SECTION00538000000000000000">3.3.8 Getting online help</A>
  217. </UL> 
  218. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1232 HREF="node115.html#SECTION00540000000000000000">3.4 Summary of Basic Commands</A>
  219. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1233 HREF="node116.html#SECTION00550000000000000000">3.5 Exploring the File System</A>
  220. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1234 HREF="node117.html#SECTION00560000000000000000">3.6 Types of shells</A>
  221. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1235 HREF="node118.html#SECTION00570000000000000000">3.7 Wildcards</A>
  222. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1236 HREF="node119.html#SECTION00580000000000000000">3.8 UNIX Plumbing</A>
  223. <UL> 
  224. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1237 HREF="node120.html#SECTION00581000000000000000">3.8.1 Standard input and output</A>
  225. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1238 HREF="node121.html#SECTION00582000000000000000">3.8.2 Redirecting input and output</A>
  226. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1239 HREF="node122.html#SECTION00583000000000000000">3.8.3 Using pipes</A>
  227. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1240 HREF="node123.html#SECTION00584000000000000000">3.8.4 Non-destructive redirection</A>
  228. </UL> 
  229. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1241 HREF="node124.html#SECTION00590000000000000000">3.9 File Permissions</A>
  230. <UL> 
  231. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1242 HREF="node125.html#SECTION00591000000000000000">3.9.1 Concepts of file permissions</A>
  232. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1243 HREF="node126.html#SECTION00592000000000000000">3.9.2 Interpreting file permissions</A>
  233. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1244 HREF="node127.html#SECTION00593000000000000000">3.9.3 Dependencies</A>
  234. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1245 HREF="node128.html#SECTION00594000000000000000">3.9.4 Changing permissions</A>
  235. </UL> 
  236. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1246 HREF="node129.html#SECTION005100000000000000000">3.10 Managing file links</A>
  237. <UL> 
  238. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1247 HREF="node130.html#SECTION005101000000000000000">3.10.1 Hard links</A>
  239. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1248 HREF="node131.html#SECTION005102000000000000000">3.10.2 Symbolic links</A>
  240. </UL> 
  241. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1249 HREF="node132.html#SECTION005110000000000000000">3.11 Job Control</A>
  242. <UL> 
  243. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1250 HREF="node133.html#SECTION005111000000000000000">3.11.1 Jobs and processes</A>
  244. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1251 HREF="node134.html#SECTION005112000000000000000">3.11.2 Foreground and background</A>
  245. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1252 HREF="node135.html#SECTION005113000000000000000">3.11.3 Backgrounding and killing jobs</A>
  246. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1253 HREF="node136.html#SECTION005114000000000000000">3.11.4 Stopping and restarting jobs</A>
  247. </UL> 
  248. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1254 HREF="node137.html#SECTION005120000000000000000">3.12 Using the vi Editor</A>
  249. <UL> 
  250. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1255 HREF="node138.html#SECTION005121000000000000000">3.12.1 Concepts</A>
  251. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1256 HREF="node139.html#SECTION005122000000000000000">3.12.2 Starting vi</A>
  252. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1257 HREF="node140.html#SECTION005123000000000000000">3.12.3 Inserting text</A>
  253. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1258 HREF="node141.html#SECTION005124000000000000000">3.12.4 Deleting text</A>
  254. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1259 HREF="node142.html#SECTION005125000000000000000">3.12.5 Changing text</A>
  255. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1260 HREF="node143.html#SECTION005126000000000000000">3.12.6 Moving commands</A>
  256. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1261 HREF="node144.html#SECTION005127000000000000000">3.12.7 Saving files and quitting vi</A>
  257. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1262 HREF="node145.html#SECTION005128000000000000000">3.12.8 Editing another file</A>
  258. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1263 HREF="node146.html#SECTION005129000000000000000">3.12.9 Including other files</A>
  259. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1264 HREF="node147.html#SECTION0051210000000000000000">3.12.10 Running shell commands</A>
  260. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1265 HREF="node148.html#SECTION0051211000000000000000">3.12.11 Getting help</A>
  261. </UL> 
  262. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1266 HREF="node149.html#SECTION005130000000000000000">3.13 Customizing your Environment</A>
  263. <UL> 
  264. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1267 HREF="node150.html#SECTION005131000000000000000">3.13.1 Shell scripts</A>
  265. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1268 HREF="node151.html#SECTION005132000000000000000">3.13.2 Shell variables and the environment</A>
  266. <UL> 
  267. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1269 HREF="node152.html#SECTION005132100000000000000">3.13.2.1 The PATH environment variable</A>
  268. </UL> 
  269. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1270 HREF="node153.html#SECTION005133000000000000000">3.13.3 Shell initialization scripts</A>
  270. </UL> 
  271. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1271 HREF="node154.html#SECTION005140000000000000000">3.14 So You Want to Strike Out on Your Own?</A>
  272. </UL> 
  273. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1272 HREF="node155.html#SECTION00600000000000000000">4 System Administration</A>
  274. <UL> 
  275. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1273 HREF="node156.html#SECTION00610000000000000000">4.1  About Root, Hats, and the Feeling of Power </A>
  276. <UL> 
  277. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1274 HREF="node157.html#SECTION00611000000000000000">4.1.1 The root account</A>
  278. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1275 HREF="node158.html#SECTION00612000000000000000">4.1.2 Abusing the system</A>
  279. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1276 HREF="node159.html#SECTION00613000000000000000">4.1.3 Dealing with users</A>
  280. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1277 HREF="node160.html#SECTION00614000000000000000">4.1.4 Setting the rules</A>
  281. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1278 HREF="node161.html#SECTION00615000000000000000">4.1.5 What it all means</A>
  282. </UL> 
  283. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1279 HREF="node162.html#SECTION00620000000000000000">4.2  Booting the System </A>
  284. <UL> 
  285. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1280 HREF="node163.html#SECTION00621000000000000000">4.2.1 Using a boot floppy</A>
  286. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1281 HREF="node164.html#SECTION00622000000000000000">4.2.2 Using LILO</A>
  287. </UL> 
  288. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1282 HREF="node165.html#SECTION00630000000000000000">4.3 Shutting Down</A>
  289. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1283 HREF="node166.html#SECTION00640000000000000000">4.4 Managing Users</A>
  290. <UL> 
  291. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1284 HREF="node167.html#SECTION00641000000000000000">4.4.1 User management concepts</A>
  292. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1285 HREF="node168.html#SECTION00642000000000000000">4.4.2 Adding users</A>
  293. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1286 HREF="node169.html#SECTION00643000000000000000">4.4.3 Deleting users</A>
  294. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1287 HREF="node170.html#SECTION00644000000000000000">4.4.4 Setting user attributes</A>
  295. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1288 HREF="node171.html#SECTION00645000000000000000">4.4.5 Groups</A>
  296. </UL> 
  297. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1289 HREF="node172.html#SECTION00650000000000000000">4.5 Archiving and Compressing Files</A>
  298. <UL> 
  299. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1290 HREF="node173.html#SECTION00651000000000000000">4.5.1 Using tar</A>
  300. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1291 HREF="node174.html#SECTION00652000000000000000">4.5.2 gzip and compress</A>
  301. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1292 HREF="node175.html#SECTION00653000000000000000">4.5.3 Putting them together</A>
  302. </UL> 
  303. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1293 HREF="node176.html#SECTION00660000000000000000">4.6 Using Floppies and Making Backups</A>
  304. <UL> 
  305. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1294 HREF="node177.html#SECTION00661000000000000000">4.6.1 Using floppies for backups</A>
  306. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1295 HREF="node178.html#SECTION00662000000000000000">4.6.2 Using floppies as filesystems</A>
  307. </UL> 
  308. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1296 HREF="node179.html#SECTION00670000000000000000">4.7 Upgrading and Installing New Software</A>
  309. <UL> 
  310. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1297 HREF="node180.html#SECTION00671000000000000000">4.7.1 Upgrading the kernel</A>
  311. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1298 HREF="node181.html#SECTION00672000000000000000">4.7.2 Upgrading the libraries</A>
  312. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1299 HREF="node182.html#SECTION00673000000000000000">4.7.3 Upgrading gcc</A>
  313. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1300 HREF="node183.html#SECTION00674000000000000000">4.7.4 Upgrading other software</A>
  314. </UL> 
  315. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1301 HREF="node184.html#SECTION00680000000000000000">4.8 Managing Filesystems</A>
  316. <UL> 
  317. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1302 HREF="node185.html#SECTION00681000000000000000">4.8.1 Mounting filesystems</A>
  318. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1303 HREF="node186.html#SECTION00682000000000000000">4.8.2 Checking filesystems</A>
  319. </UL> 
  320. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1304 HREF="node187.html#SECTION00690000000000000000">4.9 Using a swap file</A>
  321. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1305 HREF="node188.html#SECTION006100000000000000000">4.10 Miscellaneous Tasks</A>
  322. <UL> 
  323. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1306 HREF="node189.html#SECTION006101000000000000000">4.10.1 System startup files</A>
  324. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1307 HREF="node190.html#SECTION006102000000000000000">4.10.2 Setting the hostname</A>
  325. </UL> 
  326. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1308 HREF="node191.html#SECTION006110000000000000000">4.11 What To Do In An Emergency</A>
  327. <UL> 
  328. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1309 HREF="node192.html#SECTION006111000000000000000">4.11.1 Recovering using a maintenance diskette</A>
  329. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1310 HREF="node193.html#SECTION006112000000000000000">4.11.2 Fixing the root password</A>
  330. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1311 HREF="node194.html#SECTION006113000000000000000">4.11.3 Fixing trashed filesystems</A>
  331. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1312 HREF="node195.html#SECTION006114000000000000000">4.11.4 Recovering lost files</A>
  332. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1313 HREF="node196.html#SECTION006115000000000000000">4.11.5 Fixing trashed libraries</A>
  333. </UL> 
  334. </UL> 
  335. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1314 HREF="node197.html#SECTION00700000000000000000">5 Advanced Features</A>
  336. <UL> 
  337. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1315 HREF="node198.html#SECTION00710000000000000000">5.1 The X Window System</A>
  338. <UL> 
  339. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1316 HREF="node199.html#SECTION00711000000000000000">5.1.1 Hardware requirements</A>
  340. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1317 HREF="node200.html#SECTION00712000000000000000">5.1.2 Installing XFree86</A>
  341. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1318 HREF="node201.html#SECTION00713000000000000000">5.1.3 Configuring XFree86</A>
  342. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1319 HREF="node202.html#SECTION00714000000000000000">5.1.4 Filling in video card information</A>
  343. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1320 HREF="node203.html#SECTION00715000000000000000">5.1.5 Running XFree86</A>
  344. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1321 HREF="node204.html#SECTION00716000000000000000">5.1.6 Running into trouble</A>
  345. </UL> 
  346. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1322 HREF="node205.html#SECTION00720000000000000000">5.2 Accessing MS-DOS Files</A>
  347. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1323 HREF="node206.html#SECTION00730000000000000000">5.3 Networking with TCP/IP</A>
  348. <UL> 
  349. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1324 HREF="node207.html#SECTION00731000000000000000">5.3.1 Hardware Requirements</A>
  350. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1325 HREF="node208.html#SECTION00732000000000000000">5.3.2 Configuring TCP/IP on your system</A>
  351. <UL> 
  352. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1326 HREF="node209.html#SECTION00732100000000000000">5.3.2.1 Your network configuration</A>
  353. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1327 HREF="node210.html#SECTION00732200000000000000">5.3.2.2 The networking rc files</A>
  354. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1328 HREF="node211.html#SECTION00732300000000000000">5.3.2.3 /etc/hosts</A>
  355. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1329 HREF="node212.html#SECTION00732400000000000000">5.3.2.4 /etc/networks</A>
  356. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1330 HREF="node213.html#SECTION00732500000000000000">5.3.2.5 /etc/host.conf</A>
  357. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1331 HREF="node214.html#SECTION00732600000000000000">5.3.2.6 /etc/resolv.conf</A>
  358. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1332 HREF="node215.html#SECTION00732700000000000000">5.3.2.7 Setting your hostname</A>
  359. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1333 HREF="node216.html#SECTION00732800000000000000">5.3.2.8 Trying it out</A>
  360. </UL> 
  361. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1334 HREF="node217.html#SECTION00733000000000000000">5.3.3 SLIP Configuration</A>
  362. <UL> 
  363. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1335 HREF="node218.html#SECTION00733100000000000000">5.3.3.1 Static IP address SLIP connections using dip</A>
  364. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1336 HREF="node219.html#SECTION00733200000000000000">5.3.3.2 Static IP address SLIP connections using slattach</A>
  365. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1337 HREF="node220.html#SECTION00733300000000000000">5.3.3.3 Dynamic IP address SLIP connections using dip</A>
  366. </UL> 
  367. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1338 HREF="node221.html#SECTION00734000000000000000">5.3.4 Using dip</A>
  368. </UL> 
  369. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1339 HREF="node222.html#SECTION00740000000000000000">5.4 Networking with UUCP</A>
  370. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1340 HREF="node223.html#SECTION00750000000000000000">5.5 Electronic Mail</A>
  371. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1341 HREF="node224.html#SECTION00760000000000000000">5.6 News and USENET</A>
  372. </UL> 
  373. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1342 HREF="node225.html#SECTION00800000000000000000">A Sources of Linux Information</A>
  374. <UL> 
  375. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1343 HREF="node226.html#SECTION00810000000000000000">A.1 Online Documents</A>
  376. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1344 HREF="node227.html#SECTION00820000000000000000">A.2 Linux Documentation Project Manuals</A>
  377. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1345 HREF="node228.html#SECTION00830000000000000000">A.3 Books and Other Published Works</A>
  378. <UL> 
  379. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1346 HREF="node229.html#SECTION00831000000000000000">A.3.1 Using UNIX</A>
  380. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1347 HREF="node230.html#SECTION00832000000000000000">A.3.2 Systems Administration</A>
  381. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1348 HREF="node231.html#SECTION00833000000000000000">A.3.3 The X Window System</A>
  382. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1349 HREF="node232.html#SECTION00834000000000000000">A.3.4 Programming</A>
  383. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1350 HREF="node233.html#SECTION00835000000000000000">A.3.5 Kernel Hacking</A>
  384. </UL> 
  385. </UL> 
  386. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1351 HREF="node234.html#SECTION00900000000000000000">B Linux Vendor List</A>
  387. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1352 HREF="node235.html#SECTION001000000000000000000">C FTP Tutorial and Site List</A>
  388. <UL> 
  389. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1353 HREF="node236.html#SECTION001010000000000000000">C.1 Starting ftp</A>
  390. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1354 HREF="node237.html#SECTION001020000000000000000">C.2 Logging In</A>
  391. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1355 HREF="node238.html#SECTION001030000000000000000">C.3 Poking Around</A>
  392. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1356 HREF="node239.html#SECTION001040000000000000000">C.4 Downloading files</A>
  393. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1357 HREF="node240.html#SECTION001050000000000000000">C.5 Quitting FTP</A>
  394. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1358 HREF="node241.html#SECTION001060000000000000000">C.6 Using ftpmail</A>
  395. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1359 HREF="node242.html#SECTION001070000000000000000">C.7 Linux FTP Site List</A>
  396. </UL> 
  397. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1360 HREF="node243.html#SECTION001100000000000000000">D Linux BBS List</A>
  398. <UL> 
  399. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1361 HREF="node244.html#SECTION001110000000000000000">D.1 United States</A>
  400. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1362 HREF="node245.html#SECTION001120000000000000000">D.2 Outside of the United States</A>
  401. </UL> 
  402. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1363 HREF="node246.html#SECTION001200000000000000000">E The GNU General Public License</A>
  403. <UL> 
  404. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1364 HREF="node247.html#SECTION001210000000000000000">E.1 Preamble</A>
  405. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1365 HREF="node248.html#SECTION001220000000000000000">E.2 Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distribution, and Modification</A>
  406. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1366 HREF="node249.html#SECTION001230000000000000000">E.3 Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A>
  407. </UL> 
  408. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1367 HREF="node250.html#SECTION001300000000000000000">Index</A>
  409. <LI> <A NAME=tex2html1368 HREF="node251.html#SECTION001400000000000000000">   About this document ... </A>
  410. </UL>
  411. <BR> <HR>
  412. <P><ADDRESS>
  413. <I>Matt Welsh <BR>
  414. mdw@sunsite.unc.edu</I>
  415. </ADDRESS>
  416. </BODY>
  417.