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Text File | 2010-02-13 | 432.2 KB | 13,183 lines
use strict; use warnings; # > perl 5.5 # This is created in the caller's space # I realize (now!) that it's not clean, but it's been there for 10 years... BEGIN { sub ::PCDATA { '#PCDATA' } ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); sub ::CDATA { '#CDATA' } ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); } use UNIVERSAL(); ## if a sub returns a scalar, it better not bloody disappear in list context ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitExplicitReturnUndef); ###################################################################### package XML::Twig; ###################################################################### require 5.004; use utf8; # > perl 5.5 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA %valid_option); use Carp; use File::Spec; use File::Basename; *isa= *UNIVERSAL::isa; # used to store the gi's my %gi2index; # gi => index my @index2gi; # list of gi's my $SPECIAL_GI; # first non-special gi; #my %base_ent; # base entity character => replacement # flag, set to true if the weaken sub is available use vars qw( $weakrefs); # flag set to true if the version of expat seems to be 1.95.2, which has annoying bugs # wrt doctype handling. This is global for performance reasons. my $expat_1_95_2=0; # xml name (leading # allowed) # first line is for perl 5.005, second line for modern perl, that accept character classes my $REG_NAME = q{(?:(?:[^\W\d]|[:#])(?:[\w.-]*:)?[\w.-]*)}; # does not work for leading non-ascii letters $REG_NAME = q{(?:(?:[[:alpha:]:#])(?:[\w.-]*:)?[\w.-]*)}; # > perl 5.5 # name or wildcard (* or '') (leading # allowed) my $REG_NAME_W = q{(?:(?:[^\W\d]|[:#])(?:[\w.-]*:)?[\w.-]*|\*)}; # does not work for leading non-ascii letters $REG_NAME_W = q{(?:(?:[[:alpha:]:#])(?:[\w.-]*:)?[\w.-]*|\*)}; # > perl 5.5 # name or wildcard (* or '') (leading # allowed) with optional class my $REG_NAME_WC = q{(?(?:(?:[^\W\d]|[:#])(?:[\w.-]*:)?[\w.-]*|\*)(?:\.[\w-]+)?|(?:\.[\w-]+))}; # does not work for leading non-ascii letters $REG_NAME_WC = q{(?:(?:(?:[[:alpha:]:#])(?:[\w.-]*:)?[\w.-]*|\*)(?:\.[\w-]+)?|(?:\.[\w-]+))}; # > perl 5.5 my $REG_REGEXP = q{(?:/(?:[^\\/]|\\.)*/[eimsox]*)}; # regexp my $REG_REGEXP_EXP = q{(?:(?:[^\\/]|\\.)*)}; # content of a regexp my $REG_REGEXP_MOD = q{(?:[eimso]*)}; # regexp modifiers my $REG_MATCH = q{[!=]~}; # match (or not) my $REG_STRING = q{(?:"(?:[^\\"]|\\.)*"|'(?:[^\\']|\\.)*')}; # string (simple or double quoted) my $REG_NUMBER = q{(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)}; # number my $REG_VALUE = qq{(?:$REG_STRING|$REG_NUMBER)}; # value my $REG_OP = q{==|!=|>|<|>=|<=|eq|ne|lt|gt|le|ge|=}; # op my $REG_FUNCTION = q{(?:string|text)\(\s*\)}; my $REG_STRING_ARG = qq{(?:string|text)\\(\\s*$REG_NAME_W\\s*\\)}; my $REG_COMP = q{(?:>=|<=|!=|<|>|=)}; # used in the handler trigger code my $REG_NAKED_PREDICATE= qq{((?:"[^"]*"|'[^']*'|$REG_STRING_ARG|$REG_FUNCTION|\@$REG_NAME_W|$REG_MATCH\\s*$REG_REGEXP|[\\s\\d><=!()+.-]|(?i:and)|(?i:or))*)}; my $REG_PREDICATE= qq{\\[$REG_NAKED_PREDICATE\\]}; # not all axis, only supported ones (in get_xpath) my @supported_axis= ( 'ancestor', 'ancestor-or-self', 'child', 'descendant', 'descendant-or-self', 'following', 'following-sibling', 'parent', 'preceding', 'preceding-sibling', 'self' ); my $REG_AXIS = "(?:" . join( '|', @supported_axis) .")"; # only used in the "xpath"engine (for get_xpath/findnodes) for now my $REG_PREDICATE_ALT = qr{\[(?:(?:string\(\s*\)|\@$REG_NAME)\s*$REG_MATCH\s*$REG_REGEXP\s*|[^\]]*)\]}; # used to convert XPath tests on strings to the perl equivalent my %PERL_ALPHA_TEST= ( '=' => ' eq ', '!=' => ' ne ', '>' => ' gt ', '>=' => ' ge ', '<' => ' lt ', '<=' => ' le '); my $parser_version; my( $FB_HTMLCREF, $FB_XMLCREF); my $NO_WARNINGS= $] >= 5.006 ? 'no warnings' : 'local $^W=0'; # constants my( $PCDATA, $CDATA, $PI, $COMMENT, $ENT, $ELT, $TEXT, $ASIS, $EMPTY, $BUFSIZE); BEGIN { $VERSION = '3.34'; use XML::Parser; my $needVersion = '2.23'; $parser_version= $XML::Parser::VERSION; croak "need at least XML::Parser version $needVersion" unless $parser_version >= $needVersion; if( $] >= 5.008) { eval "use Encode qw( :all)"; $FB_XMLCREF = 0x0400; # Encode::FB_XMLCREF; $FB_HTMLCREF = 0x0200; # Encode::FB_HTMLCREF; } # test whether we can use weak references # set local empty signal handler to trap error messages { local $SIG{__DIE__}; if( eval( 'require Scalar::Util') && defined( \&Scalar::Util::weaken)) { import Scalar::Util( 'weaken'); $weakrefs= 1; } elsif( eval( 'require WeakRef')) { import WeakRef; $weakrefs= 1; } else { $weakrefs= 0; } } import XML::Twig::Elt; import XML::Twig::Entity; import XML::Twig::Entity_list; # used to store the gi's # should be set for each twig really, at least when there are several # the init ensures that special gi's are always the same # constants: element types $PCDATA = '#PCDATA'; $CDATA = '#CDATA'; $PI = '#PI'; $COMMENT = '#COMMENT'; $ENT = '#ENT'; # element classes $ELT = '#ELT'; $TEXT = '#TEXT'; # element properties $ASIS = '#ASIS'; $EMPTY = '#EMPTY'; # used in parseurl to set the buffer size to the same size as in XML::Parser::Expat $BUFSIZE = 32768; # gi => index %XML::Twig::gi2index=( '', 0, $PCDATA => 1, $CDATA => 2, $PI => 3, $COMMENT => 4, $ENT => 5); # list of gi's @XML::Twig::index2gi=( '', $PCDATA, $CDATA, $PI, $COMMENT, $ENT); # gi's under this value are special $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI= @XML::Twig::index2gi; %XML::Twig::base_ent= ( '>' => '>', '<' => '<', '&' => '&', "'" => ''', '"' => '"',); # now set some aliases *find_nodes = *get_xpath; # same as XML::XPath *findnodes = *get_xpath; # same as XML::LibXML *getElementsByTagName = *descendants; *descendants_or_self = *descendants; # valid in XML::Twig, not in XML::Twig::Elt *find_by_tag_name = *descendants; *getElementById = *elt_id; *getEltById = *elt_id; *toString = *sprint; } @ISA = qw(XML::Parser); # fake gi's used in twig_handlers and start_tag_handlers my $ALL = '_all_'; # the associated function is always called my $DEFAULT= '_default_'; # the function is called if no other handler has been # some defaults my $COMMENTS_DEFAULT= 'keep'; my $PI_DEFAULT = 'keep'; # handlers used in regular mode my %twig_handlers=( Start => \&_twig_start, End => \&_twig_end, Char => \&_twig_char, Entity => \&_twig_entity, XMLDecl => \&_twig_xmldecl, Doctype => \&_twig_doctype, Element => \&_twig_element, Attlist => \&_twig_attlist, CdataStart => \&_twig_cdatastart, CdataEnd => \&_twig_cdataend, Proc => \&_twig_pi, Comment => \&_twig_comment, Default => \&_twig_default, ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent, ); # handlers used when twig_roots is used and we are outside of the roots my %twig_handlers_roots= ( Start => \&_twig_start_check_roots, End => \&_twig_end_check_roots, Doctype => \&_twig_doctype, Char => undef, Entity => undef, XMLDecl => \&_twig_xmldecl, Element => undef, Attlist => undef, CdataStart => undef, CdataEnd => undef, Proc => undef, Comment => undef, Proc => \&_twig_pi_check_roots, Default => sub {}, # hack needed for XML::Parser 2.27 ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent, ); # handlers used when twig_roots and print_outside_roots are used and we are # outside of the roots my %twig_handlers_roots_print_2_30= ( Start => \&_twig_start_check_roots, End => \&_twig_end_check_roots, Char => \&_twig_print, Entity => \&_twig_print_entity, ExternEnt => \&_twig_print_entity, DoctypeFin => \&_twig_doctype_fin_print, XMLDecl => sub { _twig_xmldecl( @_); _twig_print( @_); }, Doctype => \&_twig_print_doctype, # because recognized_string is broken here # Element => \&_twig_print, Attlist => \&_twig_print, CdataStart => \&_twig_print, CdataEnd => \&_twig_print, Proc => \&_twig_pi_check_roots, Comment => \&_twig_print, Default => \&_twig_print_check_doctype, ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent, ); # handlers used when twig_roots, print_outside_roots and keep_encoding are used # and we are outside of the roots my %twig_handlers_roots_print_original_2_30= ( Start => \&_twig_start_check_roots, End => \&_twig_end_check_roots, Char => \&_twig_print_original, # I have no idea why I should not be using this handler! Entity => \&_twig_print_entity, ExternEnt => \&_twig_print_entity, DoctypeFin => \&_twig_doctype_fin_print, XMLDecl => sub { _twig_xmldecl( @_); _twig_print_original( @_) }, Doctype => \&_twig_print_original_doctype, # because original_string is broken here Element => \&_twig_print_original, Attlist => \&_twig_print_original, CdataStart => \&_twig_print_original, CdataEnd => \&_twig_print_original, Proc => \&_twig_pi_check_roots, Comment => \&_twig_print_original, Default => \&_twig_print_original_check_doctype, ); # handlers used when twig_roots and print_outside_roots are used and we are # outside of the roots my %twig_handlers_roots_print_2_27= ( Start => \&_twig_start_check_roots, End => \&_twig_end_check_roots, Char => \&_twig_print, # if the Entity handler is set then it prints the entity declaration # before the entire internal subset (including the declaration!) is output Entity => sub {}, XMLDecl => \&_twig_print, Doctype => \&_twig_print, CdataStart => \&_twig_print, CdataEnd => \&_twig_print, Proc => \&_twig_pi_check_roots, Comment => \&_twig_print, Default => \&_twig_print, ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent, ); # handlers used when twig_roots, print_outside_roots and keep_encoding are used # and we are outside of the roots my %twig_handlers_roots_print_original_2_27= ( Start => \&_twig_start_check_roots, End => \&_twig_end_check_roots, Char => \&_twig_print_original, # for some reason original_string is wrong here # this can be a problem if the doctype includes non ascii characters XMLDecl => \&_twig_print, Doctype => \&_twig_print, # if the Entity handler is set then it prints the entity declaration # before the entire internal subset (including the declaration!) is output Entity => sub {}, #Element => undef, Attlist => undef, CdataStart => \&_twig_print_original, CdataEnd => \&_twig_print_original, Proc => \&_twig_pi_check_roots, Comment => \&_twig_print_original, Default => \&_twig_print, # _twig_print_original does not work ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent, ); my %twig_handlers_roots_print= $parser_version > 2.27 ? %twig_handlers_roots_print_2_30 : %twig_handlers_roots_print_2_27; my %twig_handlers_roots_print_original= $parser_version > 2.27 ? %twig_handlers_roots_print_original_2_30 : %twig_handlers_roots_print_original_2_27; # handlers used when the finish_print method has been called my %twig_handlers_finish_print= ( Start => \&_twig_print, End => \&_twig_print, Char => \&_twig_print, Entity => \&_twig_print, XMLDecl => \&_twig_print, Doctype => \&_twig_print, Element => \&_twig_print, Attlist => \&_twig_print, CdataStart => \&_twig_print, CdataEnd => \&_twig_print, Proc => \&_twig_print, Comment => \&_twig_print, Default => \&_twig_print, ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent, ); # handlers used when the finish_print method has been called and the keep_encoding # option is used my %twig_handlers_finish_print_original= ( Start => \&_twig_print_original, End => \&_twig_print_end_original, Char => \&_twig_print_original, Entity => \&_twig_print_original, XMLDecl => \&_twig_print_original, Doctype => \&_twig_print_original, Element => \&_twig_print_original, Attlist => \&_twig_print_original, CdataStart => \&_twig_print_original, CdataEnd => \&_twig_print_original, Proc => \&_twig_print_original, Comment => \&_twig_print_original, Default => \&_twig_print_original, ); # handlers used within ignored elements my %twig_handlers_ignore= ( Start => \&_twig_ignore_start, End => \&_twig_ignore_end, Char => undef, Entity => undef, XMLDecl => undef, Doctype => undef, Element => undef, Attlist => undef, CdataStart => undef, CdataEnd => undef, Proc => undef, Comment => undef, Default => undef, ExternEnt => undef, ); # those handlers are only used if the entities are NOT to be expanded my %twig_noexpand_handlers= ( ExternEnt => undef, Default => \&_twig_default ); my @saved_default_handler; my $ID= 'id'; # default value, set by the Id argument my $css_sel=0; # set through the css_sel option to allow .class selectors in triggers # all allowed options %valid_option= ( # XML::Twig options TwigHandlers => 1, Id => 1, TwigRoots => 1, TwigPrintOutsideRoots => 1, StartTagHandlers => 1, EndTagHandlers => 1, ForceEndTagHandlersUsage => 1, DoNotChainHandlers => 1, IgnoreElts => 1, Index => 1, CharHandler => 1, TopDownHandlers => 1, KeepEncoding => 1, DoNotEscapeAmpInAtts => 1, ParseStartTag => 1, KeepAttsOrder => 1, LoadDTD => 1, DTDHandler => 1, DoNotOutputDTD => 1, NoProlog => 1, ExpandExternalEnts => 1, DiscardSpaces => 1, KeepSpaces => 1, DiscardSpacesIn => 1, KeepSpacesIn => 1, PrettyPrint => 1, EmptyTags => 1, EscapeGt => 1, Quote => 1, Comments => 1, Pi => 1, OutputFilter => 1, InputFilter => 1, OutputTextFilter => 1, OutputEncoding => 1, RemoveCdata => 1, EltClass => 1, MapXmlns => 1, KeepOriginalPrefix => 1, SkipMissingEnts => 1, # XML::Parser options ErrorContext => 1, ProtocolEncoding => 1, Namespaces => 1, NoExpand => 1, Stream_Delimiter => 1, ParseParamEnt => 1, NoLWP => 1, Non_Expat_Options => 1, Xmlns => 1, CssSel => 1, ); # predefined input and output filters use vars qw( %filter); %filter= ( html => \&html_encode, safe => \&safe_encode, safe_hex => \&safe_encode_hex, ); # trigger types (used to sort them) my ($LEVEL_TRIGGER, $REGEXP_TRIGGER, $XPATH_TRIGGER)=(1..3); sub new { my ($class, %args) = @_; my $handlers; # change all nice_perlish_names into nicePerlishNames %args= _normalize_args( %args); # check options unless( $args{MoreOptions}) { foreach my $arg (keys %args) { carp "invalid option $arg" unless $valid_option{$arg}; } } # a twig is really an XML::Parser # my $self= XML::Parser->new(%args); my $self; $self= XML::Parser->new(%args); bless $self, $class; $self->{_twig_context_stack}= []; # allow tag.class selectors in handler triggers $css_sel= $args{CssSel} || 0; if( exists $args{TwigHandlers}) { $handlers= $args{TwigHandlers}; $self->setTwigHandlers( $handlers); delete $args{TwigHandlers}; } # take care of twig-specific arguments if( exists $args{StartTagHandlers}) { $self->setStartTagHandlers( $args{StartTagHandlers}); delete $args{StartTagHandlers}; } if( exists $args{DoNotChainHandlers}) { $self->{twig_do_not_chain_handlers}= $args{DoNotChainHandlers}; } if( exists $args{IgnoreElts}) { # change array to hash so you can write ignore_elts => [ qw(foo bar baz)] if( isa( $args{IgnoreElts}, 'ARRAY')) { $args{IgnoreElts}= { map { $_ => 1 } @{$args{IgnoreElts}} }; } $self->setIgnoreEltsHandlers( $args{IgnoreElts}); delete $args{IgnoreElts}; } if( exists $args{Index}) { my $index= $args{Index}; # we really want a hash name => path, we turn an array into a hash if necessary if( ref( $index) eq 'ARRAY') { my %index= map { $_ => $_ } @$index; $index= \%index; } while( my( $name, $exp)= each %$index) { $self->setTwigHandler( $exp, sub { push @{$_[0]->{_twig_index}->{$name}}, $_; 1; }); } } $self->{twig_elt_class}= $args{EltClass} || 'XML::Twig::Elt'; if( exists( $args{EltClass})) { delete $args{EltClass}; } if( exists( $args{MapXmlns})) { $self->{twig_map_xmlns}= $args{MapXmlns}; $self->{Namespaces}=1; delete $args{MapXmlns}; } if( exists( $args{KeepOriginalPrefix})) { $self->{twig_keep_original_prefix}= $args{KeepOriginalPrefix}; delete $args{KeepOriginalPrefix}; } $self->{twig_dtd_handler}= $args{DTDHandler}; delete $args{DTDHandler}; if( $args{ExpandExternalEnts}) { $self->set_expand_external_entities( 1); $self->{twig_expand_external_ents}= $args{ExpandExternalEnts}; $self->{twig_read_external_dtd}= 1; # implied by ExpandExternalEnts if( $args{ExpandExternalEnts} == -1) { $self->{twig_extern_ent_nofail}= 1; $self->setHandlers( ExternEnt => \&_twig_extern_ent_nofail); } delete $args{LoadDTD}; delete $args{ExpandExternalEnts}; } else { $self->set_expand_external_entities( 0); } if( !$args{NoLWP} && ! _use( 'URI') && ! _use( 'URI::File') && ! _use( 'LWP')) { $self->{twig_ext_ent_handler}= \&XML::Parser::initial_ext_ent_handler } else { $self->{twig_ext_ent_handler}= \&XML::Parser::file_ext_ent_handler } if( $args{DoNotEscapeAmpInAtts}) { $self->set_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts( 1); $self->{twig_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts}=1; } else { $self->set_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts( 0); $self->{twig_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts}=0; } # deal with TwigRoots argument, a hash of elements for which # subtrees will be built (and associated handlers) if( $args{TwigRoots}) { $self->setTwigRoots( $args{TwigRoots}); delete $args{TwigRoots}; } if( $args{EndTagHandlers}) { unless ($self->{twig_roots} || $args{ForceEndTagHandlersUsage}) { croak "you should not use EndTagHandlers without TwigRoots\n", "if you want to use it anyway, normally because you have ", "a start_tag_handlers that calls 'ignore' and you want to ", "call an ent_tag_handlers at the end of the element, then ", "pass 'force_end_tag_handlers_usage => 1' as an argument ", "to new"; } $self->setEndTagHandlers( $args{EndTagHandlers}); delete $args{EndTagHandlers}; } if( $args{TwigPrintOutsideRoots}) { croak "cannot use twig_print_outside_roots without twig_roots" unless( $self->{twig_roots}); # if the arg is a filehandle then store it if( _is_fh( $args{TwigPrintOutsideRoots}) ) { $self->{twig_output_fh}= $args{TwigPrintOutsideRoots}; } $self->{twig_default_print}= $args{TwigPrintOutsideRoots}; } # space policy if( $args{KeepSpaces}) { croak "cannot use both keep_spaces and discard_spaces" if( $args{DiscardSpaces}); croak "cannot use both keep_spaces and keep_spaces_in" if( $args{KeepSpacesIn}); $self->{twig_keep_spaces}=1; delete $args{KeepSpaces}; } if( $args{DiscardSpaces}) { croak "cannot use both discard_spaces and keep_spaces_in" if( $args{KeepSpacesIn}); $self->{twig_discard_spaces}=1; delete $args{DiscardSpaces}; } if( $args{KeepSpacesIn}) { croak "cannot use both keep_spaces_in and discard_spaces_in" if( $args{DiscardSpacesIn}); $self->{twig_discard_spaces}=1; $self->{twig_keep_spaces_in}={}; my @tags= @{$args{KeepSpacesIn}}; foreach my $tag (@tags) { $self->{twig_keep_spaces_in}->{$tag}=1; } delete $args{KeepSpacesIn}; } if( $args{DiscardSpacesIn}) { $self->{twig_keep_spaces}=1; $self->{twig_discard_spaces_in}={}; my @tags= @{$args{DiscardSpacesIn}}; foreach my $tag (@tags) { $self->{twig_discard_spaces_in}->{$tag}=1; } delete $args{DiscardSpacesIn}; } # discard spaces by default $self->{twig_discard_spaces}= 1 unless( $self->{twig_keep_spaces}); $args{Comments}||= $COMMENTS_DEFAULT; if( $args{Comments} eq 'drop') { $self->{twig_keep_comments}= 0; } elsif( $args{Comments} eq 'keep') { $self->{twig_keep_comments}= 1; } elsif( $args{Comments} eq 'process') { $self->{twig_process_comments}= 1; } else { croak "wrong value for comments argument: '$args{Comments}' (should be 'drop', 'keep' or 'process')"; } delete $args{Comments}; $args{Pi}||= $PI_DEFAULT; if( $args{Pi} eq 'drop') { $self->{twig_keep_pi}= 0; } elsif( $args{Pi} eq 'keep') { $self->{twig_keep_pi}= 1; } elsif( $args{Pi} eq 'process') { $self->{twig_process_pi}= 1; } else { croak "wrong value for pi argument: '$args{Pi}' (should be 'drop', 'keep' or 'process')"; } delete $args{Pi}; if( $args{KeepEncoding}) { # set it in XML::Twig::Elt so print functions know what to do $self->set_keep_encoding( 1); $self->{parse_start_tag}= $args{ParseStartTag} || \&_parse_start_tag; delete $args{ParseStartTag} if defined( $args{ParseStartTag}) ; delete $args{KeepEncoding}; } else { $self->set_keep_encoding( 0); if( $args{ParseStartTag}) { $self->{parse_start_tag}= $args{ParseStartTag}; } else { delete $self->{parse_start_tag}; } delete $args{ParseStartTag}; } if( $args{OutputFilter}) { $self->set_output_filter( $args{OutputFilter}); delete $args{OutputFilter}; } else { $self->set_output_filter( 0); } if( $args{RemoveCdata}) { $self->set_remove_cdata( $args{RemoveCdata}); delete $args{RemoveCdata}; } else { $self->set_remove_cdata( 0); } if( $args{OutputTextFilter}) { $self->set_output_text_filter( $args{OutputTextFilter}); delete $args{OutputTextFilter}; } else { $self->set_output_text_filter( 0); } if( exists $args{KeepAttsOrder}) { $self->{keep_atts_order}= $args{KeepAttsOrder}; if( _use( 'Tie::IxHash')) { $self->set_keep_atts_order( $self->{keep_atts_order}); } else { croak "Tie::IxHash not available, option keep_atts_order not allowed"; } } else { $self->set_keep_atts_order( 0); } if( $args{PrettyPrint}) { $self->set_pretty_print( $args{PrettyPrint}); } if( $args{EscapeGt}) { $self->escape_gt( $args{EscapeGt}); } if( $args{EmptyTags}) { $self->set_empty_tag_style( $args{EmptyTags}) } if( exists $args{Id}) { $ID= $args{Id}; delete $args{ID}; } if( $args{NoProlog}) { $self->{no_prolog}= 1; delete $args{NoProlog}; } if( $args{DoNotOutputDTD}) { $self->{no_dtd_output}= 1; delete $args{DoNotOutputDTD}; } if( $args{LoadDTD}) { $self->{twig_read_external_dtd}= 1; delete $args{LoadDTD}; } if( $args{CharHandler}) { $self->setCharHandler( $args{CharHandler}); delete $args{CharHandler}; } if( $args{InputFilter}) { $self->set_input_filter( $args{InputFilter}); delete $args{InputFilter}; } if( $args{NoExpand}) { $self->setHandlers( %twig_noexpand_handlers); $self->{twig_no_expand}=1; } if( my $output_encoding= $args{OutputEncoding}) { $self->set_output_encoding( $output_encoding); delete $args{OutputFilter}; } if( my $tdh= $args{TopDownHandlers}) { $self->{twig_tdh}=1; delete $args{TopDownHandlers}; } $self->set_quote( $args{Quote} || 'double'); # set handlers if( $self->{twig_roots}) { if( $self->{twig_default_print}) { if( $self->{twig_keep_encoding}) { $self->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_roots_print_original); } else { $self->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_roots_print); } } else { $self->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_roots); } } else { $self->setHandlers( %twig_handlers); } # XML::Parser::Expat does not like these handler to be set. So in order to # use the various sets of handlers on XML::Parser or XML::Parser::Expat # objects when needed, these ones have to be set only once, here, at # XML::Parser level $self->setHandlers( Init => \&_twig_init, Final => \&_twig_final); $self->{twig_entity_list}= XML::Twig::Entity_list->new; $self->{twig_id}= $ID; $self->{twig_stored_spaces}=''; $self->{twig_autoflush}= 1; # auto flush by default $self->{twig}= $self; if( $weakrefs) { weaken( $self->{twig}); } return $self; } sub parse { my $t= shift; # if called as a class method, calls nparse, which creates the twig then parses it if( !ref( $t) || !isa( $t, 'XML::Twig')) { return $t->nparse( @_); } # requires 5.006 at least (or the ${^UNICODE} causes a problem) # > perl 5.5 # trap underlying bug in IO::Handle (see RT #17500) # > perl 5.5 # croak if perl 5.8+, -CD (or PERL_UNICODE set to D) and parsing a pipe # > perl 5.5 if( $]>=5.008 && ${^UNICODE} && (${^UNICODE} & 24) && isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') && -p $_[0] ) # > perl 5.5 { croak "cannot parse the output of a pipe when perl is set to use the UTF8 perlIO layer\n" # > perl 5.5 . "set the environment variable PERL_UNICODE or use the -C option (see perldoc perlrun)\n" # > perl 5.5 . "not to include 'D'"; # > perl 5.5 } # > perl 5.5 $t= eval { $t->SUPER::parse( @_); }; return _checked_parse_result( $t, $@); } sub parsefile { my $t= shift; if( -f $_[0] && ! -s $_[0]) { return _checked_parse_result( undef, "empty file '$_[0]'"); } $t= eval { $t->SUPER::parsefile( @_); }; return _checked_parse_result( $t, $@); } sub _checked_parse_result { my( $t, $returned)= @_; if( !$t) { if( isa( $returned, 'XML::Twig') && $returned->{twig_finish_now}) { $t= $returned; delete $t->{twig_finish_now}; return $t->_twig_final; } else { _croak( $returned, 0); } } return $t; } sub finish_now { my $t= shift; $t->{twig_finish_now}=1; die $t; } sub parsefile_inplace { shift->_parse_inplace( parsefile => @_); } sub parsefile_html_inplace { shift->_parse_inplace( parsefile_html => @_); } sub _parse_inplace { my( $t, $method, $file, $suffix)= @_; _use( 'File::Temp') || croak "need File::Temp to use inplace methods\n"; _use( 'File::Basename'); my $tmpdir= dirname( $file); my( $tmpfh, $tmpfile)= File::Temp::tempfile( DIR => $tmpdir); my $original_fh= select $tmpfh; unless( $t->{twig_keep_encoding} || $] < 5.006) { if( grep /useperlio=define/, `$^X -V`) # we can only use binmode :utf8 if perl was compiled with useperlio { binmode( $tmpfh, ":utf8" ); } } $t->$method( $file); select $original_fh; close $tmpfh; my $mode= (stat( $file))[2] & oct(7777); chmod $mode, $tmpfile or croak "cannot change temp file mode to $mode: $!"; if( $suffix) { my $backup; if( $suffix=~ m{\*}) { ($backup = $suffix) =~ s/\*/$file/g; } else { $backup= $file . $suffix; } rename( $file, $backup) or croak "cannot backup initial file ($file) to $backup: $!"; } rename( $tmpfile, $file) or croak "cannot rename temp file ($tmpfile) to initial file ($file): $!"; return $t; } sub parseurl { my $t= shift; $t->_parseurl( 0, @_); } sub safe_parseurl { my $t= shift; $t->_parseurl( 1, @_); } sub safe_parsefile_html { my $t= shift; eval { $t->parsefile_html( @_); }; return $@ ? $t->_reset_twig && 0 : $t; } sub safe_parseurl_html { my $t= shift; _use( 'LWP::Simple') or croak "missing LWP::Simple"; eval { $t->parse_html( LWP::Simple::get( shift()), @_); } ; return $@ ? $t->_reset_twig && 0 : $t; } # uses eval to catch the parser's death sub safe_parse_html { my $t= shift; eval { $t->parse_html( @_); } ; return $@ ? $t->_reset_twig && 0 : $t; } sub parsefile_html { my $t= shift; my $file= shift; my $indent= $t->{ErrorContext} ? 1 : 0; $t->set_empty_tag_style( 'html'); $t->parse( _html2xml( _slurp( $file), { indent => $indent }), @_); return $t; } sub parse_html { my $t= shift; my $content= shift; my $indent= $t->{ErrorContext} ? 1 : 0; $t->set_empty_tag_style( 'html'); $t->parse( _html2xml( isa( $content, 'GLOB') ? _slurp_fh( $content) : $content, { indent => $indent }), @_); return $t; } sub xparse { my $t= shift; my $to_parse= $_[0]; if( isa( $to_parse, 'GLOB')) { $t->parse( @_); } elsif( $to_parse=~ m{^\s*<}) { $to_parse=~ m{<html}i ? $t->_parse_as_xml_or_html( @_) : $t->parse( @_); } elsif( $to_parse=~ m{^\w+://.*\.html?$}) { _use( 'LWP::Simple') or croak "missing LWP::Simple"; $t->_parse_as_xml_or_html( LWP::Simple::get( shift()), @_); } elsif( $to_parse=~ m{^\w+://}) { _use( 'LWP::Simple') or croak "missing LWP::Simple"; my $doc= LWP::Simple::get( shift); my $xml_parse_ok= $t->safe_parse( $doc, @_); if( $xml_parse_ok) { return $xml_parse_ok; } else { my $diag= $@; if( $doc=~ m{<html}i) { $t->parse_html( $doc, @_); } else { croak $diag; } } } elsif( $to_parse=~ m{\.html?$}) { my $content= _slurp( shift); $t->_parse_as_xml_or_html( $content, @_); } else { $t->parsefile( @_); } } sub _parse_as_xml_or_html { my $t= shift; if( _is_well_formed_xml( $_[0])) { $t->parse( @_) } else { my $html= _html2xml( $_[0]); if( _is_well_formed_xml( $html)) { $t->parse( $html); } else { croak $@; } } } { my $parser; sub _is_well_formed_xml { $parser ||= XML::Parser->new; eval { $parser->parse( $_[0]); }; return $@ ? 0 : 1; } } sub nparse { my $class= shift; my $to_parse= pop; $class->new( @_)->xparse( $to_parse); } sub nparse_pp { shift()->nparse( pretty_print => 'indented', @_); } sub nparse_e { shift()->nparse( error_context => 1, @_); } sub nparse_ppe { shift()->nparse( pretty_print => 'indented', error_context => 1, @_); } sub _html2xml { my( $html, $options)= @_; _use( 'HTML::TreeBuilder', '3.13') or croak "cannot parse HTML: missing HTML::TreeBuilder v >= 3.13\n"; my $tree= HTML::TreeBuilder->new; $tree->ignore_ignorable_whitespace( 0); $tree->no_space_compacting( 1); $tree->store_comments( 1); $tree->store_pis(1); $tree->parse( $html); $tree->eof; my $xml= $tree->as_XML; _fix_xml( $tree, \$xml); $tree->delete; if( $options->{indent}) { _indent_xhtml( \$xml); } $tree->delete; $xml=~ s{\s+$}{}s; # trim end return $xml; } { my %xml_parser_encoding; sub _fix_xml { my( $tree, $xml)= @_; # $xml is a ref to the xml string my $max_tries=5; my $add_decl; while( ! _check_xml( $xml) && $max_tries--) { # a couple of fixes for weird HTML::TreeBuilder errors if( $@=~ m{^\s*xml declaration not at start of external entity}) { $$xml=~ s{<\?xml version.*\?>}{}; #warn " fixed xml declaration in the wrong place\n"; } elsif( $@=~ m{^\s*not well-formed \(invalid token\)}) { my $encoding= _encoding_from_meta( $tree); unless( keys %xml_parser_encoding) { %xml_parser_encoding= _xml_parser_encodings(); } if( ! $add_decl) { if( $xml_parser_encoding{$encoding}) { $add_decl=1; } elsif( $encoding eq 'euc-jp' && $xml_parser_encoding{'x-euc-jp-jisx0221'}) { $encoding="x-euc-jp-jisx0221"; $add_decl=1;} elsif( $encoding eq 'shift-jis' && $xml_parser_encoding{'x-sjis-jisx0221'}) { $encoding="x-sjis-jisx0221"; $add_decl=1;} if( $add_decl) { $$xml=~ s{^(<\?xml.*?\?>)?}{<?xml version="1.0" encoding="$encoding"?>}s; #warn " added decl (encoding $encoding)\n"; } else { $$xml=~ s{^(<\?xml.*?\?>)?}{}s; #warn " converting to utf8 from $encoding\n"; $$xml= _to_utf8( $encoding, $$xml); } } else { $$xml=~ s{^(<\?xml.*?\?>)?}{}s; #warn " converting to utf8 from $encoding\n"; $$xml= _to_utf8( $encoding, $$xml); } } } } sub _xml_parser_encodings { my @encodings=( 'iso-8859-1'); # this one is included by default, there is no map for it in @INC foreach my $inc (@INC) { push @encodings, map { basename( $_, '.enc') } glob( File::Spec->catdir( $inc => XML => Parser => Encodings => '*.enc')); } return map { $_ => 1 } @encodings; } } sub _check_xml { my( $xml)= @_; # $xml is a ref to the xml string my $ok= eval { XML::Parser->new->parse( $$xml); }; #if( $ok) { warn " parse OK\n"; } return $ok; } sub _encoding_from_meta { my( $tree)= @_; my $enc="iso-8859-1"; my @meta= $tree->find( 'meta'); foreach my $meta (@meta) { if( $meta->{'http-equiv'} && ($meta->{'http-equiv'} =~ m{^\s*content-type\s*}i) && $meta->{content} && ($meta->{content} =~ m{^\s*text/html\s*;\s*charset\s*=\s*(\S*)\s*}i) ) { $enc= lc $1; #warn " encoding from meta tag is '$enc'\n"; last; } } return $enc; } { sub _to_utf8 { my( $encoding, $string)= @_; local $SIG{__DIE__}; if( _use( 'Encode')) { Encode::from_to( $string, $encoding => 'utf8', 0x0400); } # 0x0400 is Encode::FB_XMLCREF elsif( _use( 'Text::Iconv')) { my $converter = eval { Text::Iconv->new( $encoding => "utf8") }; if( $converter) { $string= $converter->convert( $string); } } elsif( _use( 'Unicode::Map8') && _use( 'Unicode::String')) { my $map= Unicode::Map8->new( $encoding); $string= $map->tou( $string)->utf8; } $string=~ s{[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F]}{}g; # get rid of control chars, portable in 5.6 return $string; } } sub _indent_xhtml { my( $xhtml)= @_; # $xhtml is a ref my %block_tag= map { $_ => 1 } qw( html head meta title link script base body h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 p br address blockquote pre ol ul li dd dl dt table tr td th tbody tfoot thead col colgroup caption div frame frameset hr ); my $level=0; $$xhtml=~ s{( (?:<!(?:--.*?-->|[CDATA[.*]]>)) # ignore comments and CDATA sections | <(\w+) # start tag |(</\(\w+) # end tag ) } { if( $2 && $block_tag{$2}) { my $indent= " " x $level; $level++ unless( $2=~ m{/>}); "\n$indent<$2"; } elsif( $3 && $block_tag{$3}) { $level--; "</$3"; } else { $1; } }xesg; } sub add_stylesheet { my( $t, $type, $href)= @_; my %text_type= map { $_ => 1 } qw( xsl css); my $ss= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( $PI); if( $text_type{$type}) { $ss->_set_pi( 'xml-stylesheet', qq{type="text/$type" href="$href"}); } else { croak "unsupported style sheet type '$type'"; } $t->_add_cpi_outside_of_root( leading_cpi => $ss); return $t; } { my %used; # module => 1 if require ok, 0 otherwise my %disallowed; # for testing, refuses to _use modules in this hash sub _disallow_use ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my( @modules)= @_; $disallowed{$_}= 1 foreach (@modules); } sub _allow_use ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my( @modules)= @_; $disallowed{$_}= 0 foreach (@modules); } sub _use ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my( $module, $version)= @_; $version ||= 0; if( $disallowed{$module}) { return 0; } if( $used{$module}) { return 1; } if( eval "require $module") { import $module; $used{$module}= 1; if( $version) { ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; if( ${"${module}::VERSION"} >= $version ) { return 1; } else { return 0; } } else { return 1; } } else { $used{$module}= 0; return 0; } } } # used to solve the [n] predicates while avoiding getting the entire list # needs a prototype to accept passing bare blocks sub _first_n(&$@) ## nocritic (Subroutines::ProhibitSubroutinePrototypes); { my $coderef= shift; my $n= shift; my $i=0; if( $n > 0) { foreach (@_) { if( &$coderef) { $i++; return $_ if( $i == $n); } } } elsif( $n < 0) { foreach (reverse @_) { if( &$coderef) { $i--; return $_ if( $i == $n); } } } else { croak "illegal position number 0"; } return undef; } sub _slurp_uri { my( $uri, $base)= @_; if( $uri=~ m{^\w+://}) { _use( 'LWP::Simple'); return LWP::Simple::get( $uri); } else { return _slurp( _based_filename( $uri, $base)); } } sub _based_filename { my( $filename, $base)= @_; # cf. XML/Parser.pm's file_ext_ent_handler if (defined($base) and not ($filename =~ m{^(?:[\\/]|\w+:)})) { my $newpath = $base; $newpath =~ s{[^\\/:]*$}{$filename}; $filename = $newpath; } return $filename; } sub _slurp { my( $filename)= @_; # use bareword filehandle to stay compatible with real old perl open( TWIG_TO_SLURP, "<$filename") or croak "cannot open '$filename': $!"; local $/= undef; my $content= <TWIG_TO_SLURP>; close TWIG_TO_SLURP; return $content; } sub _slurp_fh { my( $fh)= @_; local $/= undef; my $content= <$fh>; return $content; } # I should really add extra options to allow better configuration of the # LWP::UserAgent object # this method forks (except on VMS!) # - the child gets the data and copies it to the pipe, # - the parent reads the stream and sends it to XML::Parser # the data is cut it chunks the size of the XML::Parser::Expat buffer # the method returns the twig and the status sub _parseurl { my( $t, $safe, $url, $agent)= @_; _use( 'LWP') || croak "LWP not available, needed to use parseurl methods"; if( $^O ne 'VMS') { pipe( README, WRITEME) or croak "cannot create connected pipes: $!"; if( my $pid= fork) { # parent code: parse the incoming file close WRITEME; # no need to write my $result= $safe ? $t->safe_parse( \*README) : $t->parse( \*README); close README; return $@ ? 0 : $t; } else { # child close README; # no need to read local $|=1; $agent ||= LWP::UserAgent->new; my $request = HTTP::Request->new( GET => $url); # _pass_url_content is called with chunks of data the same size as # the XML::Parser buffer my $response = $agent->request( $request, sub { _pass_url_content( \*WRITEME, @_); }, $BUFSIZE); $response->is_success or croak "$url ", $response->message; close WRITEME; CORE::exit(); # CORE is there for mod_perl (which redefines exit) } } else { local $|=1; $agent ||= LWP::UserAgent->new; my $request = HTTP::Request->new( GET => $url); my $response = $agent->request( $request); $response->is_success or croak "$url ", $response->message; my $result= $safe ? $t->safe_parse($response->content) : $t->parse($response->content); return $@ ? 0 : $t; } } # get the (hopefully!) XML data from the URL and sub _pass_url_content { my( $fh, $data, $response, $protocol)= @_; print {$fh} $data; } sub add_options { my %args= map { $_, 1 } @_; %args= _normalize_args( %args); foreach (keys %args) { $valid_option{$_}++; } } sub _pretty_print_styles { return XML::Twig::Elt::_pretty_print_styles(); } sub _twig_store_internal_dtd { # warn " in _twig_store_internal_dtd...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $string)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { $string= $p->original_string(); } $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal} .= $string; return; } sub _twig_stop_storing_internal_dtd { # warn " in _twig_stop_storing_internal_dtd...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; if( @saved_default_handler && defined $saved_default_handler[1]) { $p->setHandlers( @saved_default_handler); } else { my $t= $p->{twig}; $p->setHandlers( Default => undef); } $p->{twig}->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ s{^\s*\[}{}; $p->{twig}->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ s{\]\s*$}{}; return; } sub _twig_doctype_fin_print { # warn " in _twig_doctype_fin_print...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p)= shift; if( $p->{twig}->{twig_doctype}->{has_internal} && !$expat_1_95_2) { print ' ]>'; } return; } sub _normalize_args { my %normalized_args; while( my $key= shift ) { $key= join '', map { ucfirst } split /_/, $key; #$key= "Twig".$key unless( substr( $key, 0, 4) eq 'Twig'); $normalized_args{$key}= shift ; } return %normalized_args; } sub _is_fh { return unless $_[0]; return $_[0] if( isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar')); } sub _set_handler { my( $handlers, $path, $handler)= @_; my $prev_handler= $handlers->{handlers}->{string}->{$path} || undef; _set_special_handler ( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler) || _set_pi_handler ( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler) || _set_level_handler ( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler) || _set_regexp_handler ( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler) || _set_xpath_handler ( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler) || croak "unrecognized expression in handler: '$path'"; # this both takes care of the simple (gi) handlers and store # the handler code reference for other handlers $handlers->{handlers}->{string}->{$path}= $handler; return $prev_handler; } sub _set_special_handler { my( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler)= @_; if( $path =~ m{^\s*($ALL|$DEFAULT|$COMMENT)\s*$}io ) { $handlers->{handlers}->{$1}= $handler; return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub _set_xpath_handler { my( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler)= @_; if( my $handler_data= _parse_xpath_handler( $path, $handler)) { _add_handler( $handlers, $handler_data, $path, $prev_handler); return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub _add_handler { my( $handlers, $handler_data, $path, $prev_handler)= @_; my $tag= $handler_data->{tag}; my @handlers= $handlers->{xpath_handler}->{$tag} ? @{$handlers->{xpath_handler}->{$tag}} : (); if( $prev_handler) { @handlers= grep { $_->{path} ne $path } @handlers; } push @handlers, $handler_data if( $handler_data->{handler}); if( @handlers > 1) { @handlers= sort { (($b->{score}->{type} || 0) <=> ($a->{score}->{type} || 0)) || (($b->{score}->{anchored} || 0) <=> ($a->{score}->{anchored} || 0)) || (($b->{score}->{steps} || 0) <=> ($a->{score}->{steps} || 0)) || (($b->{score}->{predicates} || 0) <=> ($a->{score}->{predicates} || 0)) || (($b->{score}->{tests} || 0) <=> ($a->{score}->{tests} || 0)) || ($a->{path} cmp $b->{path}) } @handlers; } $handlers->{xpath_handler}->{$tag}= \@handlers; } sub _set_pi_handler { my( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler)= @_; # PI conditions ( '?target' => \&handler or '?' => \&handler # or '#PItarget' => \&handler or '#PI' => \&handler) if( $path=~ /^\s*(?:\?|$PI)\s*(?:([^\s]*)\s*)$/) { my $target= $1 || ''; # update the path_handlers count, knowing that # either the previous or the new handler can be undef $handlers->{pi_handlers}->{$1}= $handler; return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub _set_level_handler { my( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler)= @_; if( $path =~ m{^ \s* level \s* \( \s* ([0-9]+) \s* \) \s* $}ox ) { my $level= $1; my $sub= sub { my( $stack)= @_; return( ($stack->[-1]->{_tag} !~ m{^#}) && (scalar @$stack == $level + 1) ) }; my $handler_data= { tag=> '*', score => { type => $LEVEL_TRIGGER}, trigger => $sub, path => $path, handler => $handler, test_on_text => 0 }; _add_handler( $handlers, $handler_data, $path, $prev_handler); return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub _set_regexp_handler { my( $handlers, $path, $handler, $prev_handler)= @_; # if the expression was a regexp it is now a string (it was stringified when it became a hash key) if( $path=~ m{^\(\?([xism]*)(?:-[xism]*)?:(.*)\)$}) { my $regexp= qr/(?$1:$2)/; # convert it back into a regexp my $sub= sub { my( $stack)= @_; return( $stack->[-1]->{_tag} =~ $regexp ) }; my $handler_data= { tag=> '*', score => { type => $REGEXP_TRIGGER} , trigger => $sub, path => $path, handler => $handler, test_on_text => 0 }; _add_handler( $handlers, $handler_data, $path, $prev_handler); return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub _parse_xpath_handler { my( $xpath, $handler)= @_; my $xpath_original= $xpath; my $DEBUG_HANDLER= 0; # 0 or 1 (output the handler checking code) or 2 (super verbose) if( $DEBUG_HANDLER >=1) { warn "\n\nparsing path '$xpath'\n"; } my $path_to_check= $xpath; $path_to_check=~ s{/?/?$REG_NAME_WC?\s*(?:$REG_PREDICATE\s*)?}{}g; if( $DEBUG_HANDLER && $path_to_check=~ /\S/) { warn "left: $path_to_check\n"; } return if( $path_to_check=~ /\S/); (my $xpath_to_display= $xpath)=~ s{(["{}'\[\]\@\$])}{\\$1}g; my @xpath_steps; my $last_token_is_sep; while( $xpath=~ s{^\s* ( (//?) # separator | (?:$REG_NAME_WC\s*(?:$REG_PREDICATE\s*)?) # tag name and optional predicate | (?:$REG_PREDICATE) # just a predicate ) } {}x ) { # check that we have alternating separators and steps if( $2) # found a separator { if( $last_token_is_sep) { return 0; } # 2 seps in a row $last_token_is_sep= 1; } else { if( defined( $last_token_is_sep) && !$last_token_is_sep) { return 0; } # 2 steps in a row $last_token_is_sep= 0; } push @xpath_steps, $1; } if( $last_token_is_sep) { return 0; } # expression cannot end with a separator my $i=-1; my $perlfunc= _join_n( $NO_WARNINGS . ';', q|my( $stack)= @_; |, q|my @current_elts= (scalar @$stack); |, q|my @new_current_elts; |, q|my $elt; |, ($DEBUG_HANDLER >= 1) && (qq#warn q{checking path '$xpath_to_display'\n};#), ); my $last_tag=''; my $anchored= $xpath_original=~ m{^\s*/(?!/)} ? 1 : 0; my $score={ type => $XPATH_TRIGGER, anchored => $anchored }; my $flag= { test_on_text => 0 }; my $sep='/'; # '/' or '//' while( my $xpath_step= pop @xpath_steps) { my( $tag, $predicate)= $xpath_step =~ m{^($REG_NAME_WC)?(?:\[(.*)\])?\s*$}; $score->{steps}++; $tag||='*'; my $warn_empty_stack= $DEBUG_HANDLER >= 2 ? qq{warn "return with empty stack\\n";} : ''; if( $predicate) { if( $DEBUG_HANDLER >= 2) { warn "predicate is: '$predicate'\n"; } # changes $predicate (from an XPath expression to a Perl one) if( $predicate=~ m{^\s*$REG_NUMBER\s*$}) { croak "position selector [$predicate] not supported on twig_handlers"; } _parse_predicate_in_handler( $predicate, $flag, $score); if( $DEBUG_HANDLER >= 2) { warn "predicate becomes: '$predicate'\n"; } } my $tag_cond= _tag_cond( $tag); my $cond= join( " && ", grep { $_ } $tag_cond, $predicate) || 1; if( $css_sel && $tag=~ m{\.}) { $tag=~s{\.[^.]*$}{}; $tag ||='*'; } $last_tag ||= $tag; if( $sep eq '/') { $perlfunc .= sprintf( _join_n( q#foreach my $current_elt (@current_elts) #, q# { next if( !$current_elt); #, q# $current_elt--; #, q# $elt= $stack->[$current_elt]; #, q# if( %s) { push @new_current_elts, $current_elt;} #, q# } #, ), $cond ); } elsif( $sep eq '//') { $perlfunc .= sprintf( _join_n( q#foreach my $current_elt (@current_elts) #, q# { next if( !$current_elt); #, q# $current_elt--; #, q# my $candidate= $current_elt; #, q# while( $candidate >=0) #, q# { $elt= $stack->[$candidate]; #, q# if( %s) { push @new_current_elts, $candidate;} #, q# $candidate--; #, q# } #, q# } #, ), $cond ); } my $warn= $DEBUG_HANDLER >= 2 ? _join_n( qq#warn qq%fail at cond '$cond'%;#) : ''; $perlfunc .= sprintf( _join_n( q#unless( @new_current_elts) { %s return 0; } #, q#@current_elts= @new_current_elts; #, q#@new_current_elts=(); #, ), $warn ); $sep= pop @xpath_steps; } if( $anchored) # there should be a better way, but this works { my $warn= $DEBUG_HANDLER >= 2 ? _join_n( qq#warn qq{fail, stack not empty};#) : ''; $perlfunc .= sprintf( _join_n( q#if( ! grep { $_ == 0 } @current_elts) { %s return 0;}#), $warn); } $perlfunc.= qq{warn "handler for '$xpath_to_display' triggered\\n";\n} if( $DEBUG_HANDLER >=2); $perlfunc.= qq{return q{$xpath_original};\n}; warn "\nperlfunc:\n$perlfunc\n" if( $DEBUG_HANDLER>=1); my $s= eval "sub { $perlfunc }"; if( $@) { croak "wrong handler condition '$xpath' ($@);" } warn "last tag: '$last_tag', test_on_text: '$flag->{test_on_text}'\n" if( $DEBUG_HANDLER >=1); warn "score: ", join( ' ', map { "$_: $score->{$_}" } sort keys %$score), "\n" if( $DEBUG_HANDLER >=1); return { tag=> $last_tag, score => $score, trigger => $s, path => $xpath_original, handler => $handler, test_on_text => $flag->{test_on_text} }; } sub _join_n { return join( "\n", @_, ''); } sub _tag_cond { my( $full_tag)= @_; my( $tag, $class)= $css_sel ? $full_tag=~ m{^(.*?)(?:\.([^.]*))?$} : ($full_tag, undef); my $tag_cond= $tag && $tag ne '*' ? qq#(\$elt->{_tag} eq "$tag")# : ''; my $class_cond= defined $class ? qq#(\$elt->{_elt} && \$elt->{_elt}->{att}->{class}=~ m{\\b$class\\b})# : ''; my $full_cond= join( ' && ', grep { $_ } ( $tag_cond, $class_cond)); return $full_cond; } # input: the predicate ($_[0]) which will be changed in place # flags, a hashref with various flags (like test_on_text) # the score sub _parse_predicate_in_handler { my( $flag, $score)= @_[1..2]; $_[0]=~ s{( ($REG_STRING) # strings |\@($REG_NAME)(?=\s*(?:[><=!]|!~|=~)) # @att (followed by a comparison operator) |\@($REG_NAME) # @att (not followed by a comparison operator) |=~|!~ # matching operators |([><]=?|=|!=)(?=\s*[\d+-]) # test before a number |([><]=?|=|!=) # test, other cases |($REG_FUNCTION) # no arg functions # this bit is a mess, but it is the only solution with this half-baked parser |(string\(\s*$REG_NAME\s*\)\s*$REG_MATCH\s*$REG_REGEXP) # string( child)=~ /regexp/ |(string\(\s*$REG_NAME\s*\)\s*$REG_COMP\s*$REG_STRING) # string( child) = "value" (or other test) |(string\(\s*$REG_NAME\s*\)\s*$REG_COMP\s*$REG_NUMBER) # string( child) = nb (or other test) |(and|or) )} { my( $token, $string, $att, $bare_att, $num_test, $alpha_test, $func, $string_regexp, $string_test_alpha, $string_test_num, $and_or) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11); $score->{predicates}++; # store tests on text (they are not always allowed) if( $func || $string_regexp || $string_test_num || $string_test_alpha ) { $flag->{test_on_text}= 1; } if( defined $string) { $token } elsif( $att) { $att=~ m{^#} ? qq{ (\$elt->{_elt} && \$elt->{_elt}->{att}->{'$att'})} : qq{\$elt->{'$att'}} } elsif( $bare_att) { $bare_att=~ m{^#} ? qq{(\$elt->{_elt} && defined(\$elt->{_elt}->{att}->{'$bare_att'}))} : qq{defined( \$elt->{'$bare_att'})} } elsif( $num_test && ($num_test eq '=') ) { "==" } # others tests are unchanged elsif( $alpha_test) { $PERL_ALPHA_TEST{$alpha_test} } elsif( $func && $func=~ m{^string}) { "\$elt->{_elt}->text"; } elsif( $string_regexp && $string_regexp =~ m{string\(\s*($REG_NAME)\s*\)\s*($REG_MATCH)\s*($REG_REGEXP)}) { "defined( _first_n { \$_->text $2 $3 } 1, \$elt->{_elt}->_children( '$1'))"; } elsif( $string_test_alpha && $string_test_alpha =~ m{string\(\s*($REG_NAME)\s*\)\s*($REG_COMP)\s*($REG_STRING)}) { my( $tag, $op, $str)= ($1, $2, $3); $str=~ s{(?<=.)'(?=.)}{\\'}g; # escape a quote within the string $str=~ s{^"}{'}; $str=~ s{"$}{'}; "defined( _first_n { \$_->text $PERL_ALPHA_TEST{$op} $str } 1, \$elt->{_elt}->children( '$tag'))"; } elsif( $string_test_num && $string_test_num =~ m{string\(\s*($REG_NAME)\s*\)\s*($REG_COMP)\s*($REG_NUMBER)}) { my $test= ($2 eq '=') ? '==' : $2; "defined( _first_n { \$_->text $test $3 } 1, \$elt->{_elt}->children( '$1'))"; } elsif( $and_or) { $score->{tests}++; $and_or eq 'and' ? '&&' : '||' ; } else { $token; } }gexs; } sub setCharHandler { my( $t, $handler)= @_; $t->{twig_char_handler}= $handler; } sub _reset_handlers { my $handlers= shift; delete $handlers->{handlers}; delete $handlers->{path_handlers}; delete $handlers->{subpath_handlers}; $handlers->{attcond_handlers_exp}=[] if( $handlers->{attcond_handlers}); delete $handlers->{attcond_handlers}; } sub _set_handlers { my $handlers= shift || return; my $set_handlers= {}; foreach my $path (keys %{$handlers}) { _set_handler( $set_handlers, $path, $handlers->{$path}); } return $set_handlers; } sub setTwigHandler { my( $t, $path, $handler)= @_; $t->{twig_handlers} ||={}; return _set_handler( $t->{twig_handlers}, $path, $handler); } sub setTwigHandlers { my( $t, $handlers)= @_; my $previous_handlers= $t->{twig_handlers} || undef; _reset_handlers( $t->{twig_handlers}); $t->{twig_handlers}= _set_handlers( $handlers); return $previous_handlers; } sub setStartTagHandler { my( $t, $path, $handler)= @_; $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}||={}; return _set_handler( $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}, $path, $handler); } sub setStartTagHandlers { my( $t, $handlers)= @_; my $previous_handlers= $t->{twig_starttag_handlers} || undef; _reset_handlers( $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}); $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}= _set_handlers( $handlers); return $previous_handlers; } sub setIgnoreEltsHandler { my( $t, $path, $action)= @_; $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}||={}; return _set_handler( $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}, $path, $action ); } sub setIgnoreEltsHandlers { my( $t, $handlers)= @_; my $previous_handlers= $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}; _reset_handlers( $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}); $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}= _set_handlers( $handlers); return $previous_handlers; } sub setEndTagHandler { my( $t, $path, $handler)= @_; $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}||={}; return _set_handler( $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}, $path,$handler); } sub setEndTagHandlers { my( $t, $handlers)= @_; my $previous_handlers= $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}; _reset_handlers( $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}); $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}= _set_handlers( $handlers); return $previous_handlers; } # a little more complex: set the twig_handlers only if a code ref is given sub setTwigRoots { my( $t, $handlers)= @_; my $previous_roots= $t->{twig_roots}; _reset_handlers($t->{twig_roots}); $t->{twig_roots}= _set_handlers( $handlers); _check_illegal_twig_roots_handlers( $t->{twig_roots}); foreach my $path (keys %{$handlers}) { $t->{twig_handlers}||= {}; _set_handler( $t->{twig_handlers}, $path, $handlers->{$path}) if( ref($handlers->{$path}) && isa( $handlers->{$path}, 'CODE')); } return $previous_roots; } sub _check_illegal_twig_roots_handlers { my( $handlers)= @_; foreach my $tag_handlers (values %{$handlers->{xpath_handler}}) { foreach my $handler_data (@$tag_handlers) { if( my $type= $handler_data->{test_on_text}) { croak "string() condition not supported on twig_roots option"; } } } return; } # just store the reference to the expat object in the twig sub _twig_init { # warn " in _twig_init...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $t=$p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_parsing} ) { croak "cannot reuse a twig that is already parsing"; } $t->{twig_parsing}=1; $t->{twig_parser}= $p; if( $weakrefs) { weaken( $t->{twig_parser}); } # in case they had been created by a previous parse delete $t->{twig_dtd}; delete $t->{twig_doctype}; delete $t->{twig_xmldecl}; delete $t->{twig_root}; # if needed set the output filehandle $t->_set_fh_to_twig_output_fh(); return; } # uses eval to catch the parser's death sub safe_parse { my $t= shift; eval { $t->parse( @_); } ; return $@ ? $t->_reset_twig && 0 : $t; } sub safe_parsefile { my $t= shift; eval { $t->parsefile( @_); } ; return $@ ? $t->_reset_twig : $t; } # restore a twig in a proper state so it can be reused for a new parse sub _reset_twig { my $t= shift; $t->{twig_parsing}= 0; delete $t->{twig_current}; delete $t->{extra_data}; delete $t->{twig_dtd}; delete $t->{twig_in_pcdata}; delete $t->{twig_in_cdata}; delete $t->{twig_stored_space}; delete $t->{twig_entity_list}; $t->root->delete if( $t->root); delete $t->{root}; } sub _add_or_discard_stored_spaces { my $t= shift; my $current= $t->{twig_current} or return; # ugly hack, with ignore on, twig_current can disappear if( $t->{twig_stored_spaces} || $t->{twig_preserve_space}) { if( (exists $current->{'pcdata'})) { $current->{pcdata}.= $t->{twig_stored_spaces}; } else { my $current_gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$current->{'gi'}]; if( ! defined( $t->{twig_space_policy}->{$current_gi})) { $t->{twig_space_policy}->{$current_gi}= _space_policy( $t, $current_gi); } if( $t->{twig_space_policy}->{$current_gi} || ($t->{twig_stored_spaces}!~ m{\n}) || $t->{twig_preserve_space} ) { _insert_pcdata( $t, $t->{twig_stored_spaces} ); } $t->{twig_stored_spaces}=''; } } return; } # the default twig handlers, which build the tree sub _twig_start { # warn " in _twig_start...\n"; # DEBUG handler #foreach my $s (@_) { next if ref $s; warn "$s: ", is_utf8( $s) ? "has flag" : "FLAG NOT SET"; } # YYY my ($p, $gi, @att)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; # empty the stored pcdata (space stored in case they are really part of # a pcdata element) or stored it if the space policy dictades so # create a pcdata element with the spaces if need be _add_or_discard_stored_spaces( $t); my $parent= $t->{twig_current}; # if we were parsing PCDATA then we exit the pcdata if( $t->{twig_in_pcdata}) { $t->{twig_in_pcdata}= 0; delete $parent->{'twig_current'}; $parent= $parent->{parent}; } # if we choose to keep the encoding then we need to parse the tag if( my $func = $t->{parse_start_tag}) { ($gi, @att)= &$func($p->original_string); } elsif( $t->{twig_entities_in_attribute}) { ($gi,@att)= _parse_start_tag( $p->recognized_string); $t->{twig_entities_in_attribute}=0; } # if we are using an external DTD, we need to fill the default attributes if( $t->{twig_read_external_dtd}) { _fill_default_atts( $t, $gi, \@att); } # filter the input data if need be if( my $filter= $t->{twig_input_filter}) { $gi= $filter->( $gi); foreach my $att (@att) { $att= $filter->($att); } } if( $t->{twig_map_xmlns}) { _replace_ns( $t, \$gi, \@att); } my $elt= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( $gi); $elt->set_atts( @att); # now we can store the tag and atts my $context= { _tag => $gi, _elt => $elt, @att}; if( $weakrefs) { weaken( $context->{_elt}); } push @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}, $context; delete $parent->{'twig_current'} if( $parent); $t->{twig_current}= $elt; $elt->{'twig_current'}=1; if( $parent) { my $prev_sibling= $parent->{last_child}; if( $prev_sibling) { $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt; $elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; } $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; unless( $parent->{first_child}) { $parent->{first_child}= $elt; } delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; } else { # processing root $t->set_root( $elt); # call dtd handler if need be $t->{twig_dtd_handler}->($t, $t->{twig_dtd}) if( defined $t->{twig_dtd_handler}); # set this so we can catch external entities # (the handler was modified during DTD processing) if( $t->{twig_default_print}) { $p->setHandlers( Default => \&_twig_print); } elsif( $t->{twig_roots}) { $p->setHandlers( Default => sub { return }); } else { $p->setHandlers( Default => \&_twig_default); } } $elt->{empty}= $p->recognized_string=~ m{/\s*>$}s ? 1 : 0; $elt->{extra_data}= $t->{extra_data} if( $t->{extra_data}); $t->{extra_data}=''; # if the element is ID-ed then store that info my $id= $elt->{'att'}->{$ID}; if( defined $id) { $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}= $elt; if( $weakrefs) { weaken( $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}); } } # call user handler if need be if( $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}) { # call all appropriate handlers my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}, $gi); local $_= $elt; foreach my $handler ( @handlers) { $handler->($t, $elt) || last; } # call _all_ handler if needed if( my $all= $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}->{handlers}->{$ALL}) { $all->($t, $elt); } } # check if the tag is in the list of tags to be ignored if( $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}) { my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_ignore_elts_handlers}, $gi); # only the first handler counts, it contains the action (discard/print/string) if( @handlers) { my $action= shift @handlers; $t->ignore( $action); } } if( $elt->{'att'}->{'xml:space'} && ( $elt->{'att'}->{'xml:space'} eq 'preserve')) { $t->{twig_preserve_space}++; } return; } sub _replace_ns { my( $t, $gi, $atts)= @_; foreach my $new_prefix ( $t->parser->new_ns_prefixes) { my $uri= $t->parser->expand_ns_prefix( $new_prefix); # replace the prefix if it is mapped if( !$t->{twig_keep_original_prefix} && (my $mapped_prefix= $t->{twig_map_xmlns}->{$uri})) { $new_prefix= $mapped_prefix; } # now put the namespace declaration back in the element if( $new_prefix eq '#default') { push @$atts, "xmlns" => $uri; } else { push @$atts, "xmlns:$new_prefix" => $uri; } } if( $t->{twig_keep_original_prefix}) { # things become more complex: we need to find the original prefix # and store both prefixes my $ns_info= $t->_ns_info( $$gi); my $map_att; if( $ns_info->{mapped_prefix}) { $$gi= "$ns_info->{mapped_prefix}:$$gi"; $map_att->{$ns_info->{mapped_prefix}}= $ns_info->{prefix}; } my $att_name=1; foreach( @$atts) { if( $att_name) { my $ns_info= $t->_ns_info( $_); if( $ns_info->{mapped_prefix}) { $_= "$ns_info->{mapped_prefix}:$_"; $map_att->{$ns_info->{mapped_prefix}}= $ns_info->{prefix}; } $att_name=0; } else { $att_name=1; } } push @$atts, '#original_gi', $map_att if( $map_att); } else { $$gi= $t->_replace_prefix( $$gi); my $att_name=1; foreach( @$atts) { if( $att_name) { $_= $t->_replace_prefix( $_); $att_name=0; } else { $att_name=1; } } } return; } # extract prefix, local_name, uri, mapped_prefix from a name # will only work if called from a start or end tag handler sub _ns_info { my( $t, $name)= @_; my $ns_info={}; my $p= $t->parser; $ns_info->{uri}= $p->namespace( $name); return $ns_info unless( $ns_info->{uri}); $ns_info->{prefix}= _a_proper_ns_prefix( $p, $ns_info->{uri}); $ns_info->{mapped_prefix}= $t->{twig_map_xmlns}->{$ns_info->{uri}} || $ns_info->{prefix}; return $ns_info; } sub _a_proper_ns_prefix { my( $p, $uri)= @_; foreach my $prefix ($p->current_ns_prefixes) { if( $p->expand_ns_prefix( $prefix) eq $uri) { return $prefix; } } return; } sub _fill_default_atts { my( $t, $gi, $atts)= @_; my $dtd= $t->{twig_dtd}; my $attlist= $dtd->{att}->{$gi}; my %value= @$atts; foreach my $att (keys %$attlist) { if( !exists( $value{$att}) && exists( $attlist->{$att}->{default}) && ( $attlist->{$att}->{default} ne '#IMPLIED') ) { # the quotes are included in the default, so we need to remove them my $default_value= substr( $attlist->{$att}->{default}, 1, -1); push @$atts, $att, $default_value; } } return; } # the default function to parse a start tag (in keep_encoding mode) # can be overridden with the parse_start_tag method # only works for 1-byte character sets sub _parse_start_tag { my $string= shift; my( $gi, @atts); # get the gi (between < and the first space, / or > character) #if( $string=~ s{^<\s*([^\s>/]*)[\s>/]*}{}s) if( $string=~ s{^<\s*($REG_NAME)\s*[\s>/]}{}s) { $gi= $1; } else { croak "error parsing tag '$string'"; } while( $string=~ s{^([^\s=]*)\s*=\s*(["'])(.*?)\2\s*}{}s) { push @atts, $1, $3; } return $gi, @atts; } sub set_root { my( $t, $elt)= @_; $t->{twig_root}= $elt; $elt->{twig}= $t; if( $weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{twig}); } return $t; } sub _twig_end { # warn " in _twig_end...\n"; # DEBUG handler my ($p, $gi) = @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_map_xmlns}) { $gi= $t->_replace_prefix( $gi); } _add_or_discard_stored_spaces( $t); # the new twig_current is the parent my $elt= $t->{twig_current}; delete $elt->{'twig_current'}; # if we were parsing PCDATA then we exit the pcdata too if( $t->{twig_in_pcdata}) { $t->{twig_in_pcdata}= 0; $elt= $elt->{parent} if($elt->{parent}); delete $elt->{'twig_current'}; } # parent is the new current element my $parent= $elt->{parent}; $t->{twig_current}= $parent; if( $parent) { $parent->{'twig_current'}=1; # twig_to_be_normalized if( $parent->{twig_to_be_normalized}) { $parent->normalize; $parent->{twig_to_be_normalized}=0; } } if( $t->{extra_data}) { $elt->_set_extra_data_before_end_tag( $t->{extra_data}); $t->{extra_data}=''; } if( $t->{twig_handlers}) { # look for handlers my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_handlers}, $gi); if( $t->{twig_tdh}) { if( @handlers) { push @{$t->{twig_handlers_to_trigger}}, [ $elt, \@handlers ]; } if( my $all= $t->{twig_handlers}->{handlers}->{$ALL}) { push @{$t->{twig_handlers_to_trigger}}, [ $elt, [$all] ]; } } else { local $_= $elt; # so we can use $_ in the handlers foreach my $handler ( @handlers) { $handler->($t, $elt) || last; } # call _all_ handler if needed if( my $all= $t->{twig_handlers}->{handlers}->{$ALL}) { $all->($t, $elt); } } } # if twig_roots is set for the element then set appropriate handler if( $t->{twig_root_depth} and ($p->depth == $t->{twig_root_depth}) ) { if( $t->{twig_default_print}) { # select the proper fh (and store the currently selected one) $t->_set_fh_to_twig_output_fh(); if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_roots_print_original); } else { $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_roots_print); } } else { $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_roots); } } if( $elt->{'att'}->{'xml:space'} && ( $elt->{'att'}->{'xml:space'} eq 'preserve')) { $t->{twig_preserve_space}--; } pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; return; } sub _trigger_tdh { my( $t)= @_; if( @{$t->{twig_handlers_to_trigger}}) { my @handlers_to_trigger_now= sort { $a->[0]->cmp( $b->[0]) } @{$t->{twig_handlers_to_trigger}}; foreach my $elt_handlers (@handlers_to_trigger_now) { my( $handled_elt, $handlers_to_trigger)= @$elt_handlers; foreach my $handler ( @$handlers_to_trigger) { local $_= $handled_elt; $handler->($t, $handled_elt) || last; } } } return; } # return the list of handler that can be activated for an element # (either of CODE ref's or 1's for twig_roots) sub _handler { my( $t, $handlers, $gi)= @_; my @found_handlers=(); my $found_handler; foreach my $handler ( map { @$_ } grep { $_ } $handlers->{xpath_handler}->{$gi}, $handlers->{xpath_handler}->{'*'}) { my $trigger= $handler->{trigger}; if( my $found_path= $trigger->( $t->{_twig_context_stack})) { my $found_handler= $handler->{handler}; push @found_handlers, $found_handler; } } # if no handler found call default handler if defined if( !@found_handlers && defined $handlers->{handlers}->{$DEFAULT}) { push @found_handlers, $handlers->{handlers}->{$DEFAULT}; } if( @found_handlers and $t->{twig_do_not_chain_handlers}) { @found_handlers= ($found_handlers[0]); } return @found_handlers; # empty if no handler found } sub _replace_prefix { my( $t, $name)= @_; my $p= $t->parser; my $uri= $p->namespace( $name); # try to get the namespace from default if none is found (for attributes) # this should probably be an option if( !$uri and( $name!~/^xml/)) { $uri= $p->expand_ns_prefix( '#default'); } if( $uri) { if (my $mapped_prefix= $t->{twig_map_xmlns}->{$uri}) { return "$mapped_prefix:$name"; } else { my $prefix= _a_proper_ns_prefix( $p, $uri); if( $prefix eq '#default') { $prefix=''; } return $prefix ? "$prefix:$name" : $name; } } else { return $name; } } sub _twig_char { # warn " in _twig_char...\n"; # DEBUG handler my ($p, $string)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { if( !$t->{twig_in_cdata}) { $string= $p->original_string(); } else { use bytes; # > perl 5.5 if( length( $string) < 1024) { $string= $p->original_string(); } else { #warn "dodgy case"; # TODO original_string does not hold the entire string, but $string is wrong # I believe due to a bug in XML::Parser # for now, we use the original string, even if it means that it's been converted to utf8 } } } if( $t->{twig_input_filter}) { $string= $t->{twig_input_filter}->( $string); } if( $t->{twig_char_handler}) { $string= $t->{twig_char_handler}->( $string); } my $elt= $t->{twig_current}; if( $t->{twig_in_cdata}) { # text is the continuation of a previously created cdata $elt->{cdata}.= $t->{twig_stored_spaces} . $string; } elsif( $t->{twig_in_pcdata}) { # text is the continuation of a previously created pcdata if( $t->{extra_data}) { $elt->_push_extra_data_in_pcdata( $t->{extra_data}, length( $elt->{pcdata})); $t->{extra_data}=''; } $elt->{pcdata}.= $string; } else { # text is just space, which might be discarded later if( $string=~/\A\s*\Z/s) { if( $t->{extra_data}) { # we got extra data (comment, pi), lets add the spaces to it $t->{extra_data} .= $string; } else { # no extra data, just store the spaces $t->{twig_stored_spaces}.= $string; } } else { my $new_elt= _insert_pcdata( $t, $t->{twig_stored_spaces}.$string); delete $elt->{'twig_current'}; $new_elt->{'twig_current'}=1; $t->{twig_current}= $new_elt; $t->{twig_in_pcdata}=1; if( $t->{extra_data}) { $new_elt->_push_extra_data_in_pcdata( $t->{extra_data}, 0); $t->{extra_data}=''; } } } return; } sub _twig_cdatastart { # warn " in _twig_cdatastart...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $t=$p->{twig}; $t->{twig_in_cdata}=1; my $cdata= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( $CDATA); my $twig_current= $t->{twig_current}; if( $t->{twig_in_pcdata}) { # create the node as a sibling of the PCDATA $cdata->{prev_sibling}=$twig_current; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $cdata->{prev_sibling});} ; $twig_current->{next_sibling}= $cdata; my $parent= $twig_current->{parent}; $cdata->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $cdata->{parent});} ; delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$cdata; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; $t->{twig_in_pcdata}=0; } else { # we have to create a PCDATA element if we need to store spaces if( $t->_space_policy($XML::Twig::index2gi[$twig_current->{'gi'}]) && $t->{twig_stored_spaces}) { _insert_pcdata( $t, $t->{twig_stored_spaces}); } $t->{twig_stored_spaces}=''; # create the node as a child of the current element $cdata->{parent}=$twig_current; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $cdata->{parent});} ; if( my $prev_sibling= $twig_current->{last_child}) { $cdata->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $cdata->{prev_sibling});} ; $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $cdata; } else { $twig_current->{first_child}= $cdata; } delete $twig_current->{empty}; $twig_current->{last_child}=$cdata; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $twig_current->{last_child});} ; } delete $twig_current->{'twig_current'}; $t->{twig_current}= $cdata; $cdata->{'twig_current'}=1; if( $t->{extra_data}) { $cdata->set_extra_data( $t->{extra_data}); $t->{extra_data}='' }; return; } sub _twig_cdataend { # warn " in _twig_cdataend...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $t=$p->{twig}; $t->{twig_in_cdata}=0; my $elt= $t->{twig_current}; delete $elt->{'twig_current'}; my $cdata= $elt->{cdata}; $elt->_set_cdata( $cdata); push @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}, { _tag => $CDATA }; if( $t->{twig_handlers}) { # look for handlers my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_handlers}, $CDATA); local $_= $elt; # so we can use $_ in the handlers foreach my $handler ( @handlers) { $handler->($t, $elt) || last; } } pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; $elt= $elt->{parent}; $t->{twig_current}= $elt; $elt->{'twig_current'}=1; $t->{twig_long_cdata}=0; return; } sub _pi_elt_handlers { my( $t, $pi)= @_; my $pi_handlers= $t->{twig_handlers}->{pi_handlers} || return; foreach my $handler ( $pi_handlers->{$pi->{target}}, $pi_handlers->{''}) { if( $handler) { local $_= $pi; $handler->( $t, $pi) || last; } } } sub _pi_text_handler { my( $t, $target, $data)= @_; if( my $handler= $t->{twig_handlers}->{pi_handlers}->{$target}) { return $handler->( $t, $target, $data); } if( my $handler= $t->{twig_handlers}->{pi_handlers}->{''}) { return $handler->( $t, $target, $data); } return defined( $data) && $data ne '' ? "<?$target $data?>" : "<?$target?>" ; } sub _comment_elt_handler { my( $t, $comment)= @_; if( my $handler= $t->{twig_handlers}->{handlers}->{$COMMENT}) { local $_= $comment; $handler->($t, $comment); } } sub _comment_text_handler { my( $t, $comment)= @_; if( my $handler= $t->{twig_handlers}->{handlers}->{$COMMENT}) { $comment= $handler->($t, $comment); if( !defined $comment || $comment eq '') { return ''; } } return "<!--$comment-->"; } sub _twig_comment { # warn " in _twig_comment...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $comment_text)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { $comment_text= substr( $p->original_string(), 4, -3); } $t->_twig_pi_comment( $p, $COMMENT, $t->{twig_keep_comments}, $t->{twig_process_comments}, '_set_comment', '_comment_elt_handler', '_comment_text_handler', $comment_text ); return; } sub _twig_pi { # warn " in _twig_pi...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $target, $data)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { my $pi_text= substr( $p->original_string(), 2, -2); ($target, $data)= split( /\s+/, $pi_text, 2); } $t->_twig_pi_comment( $p, $PI, $t->{twig_keep_pi}, $t->{twig_process_pi}, '_set_pi', '_pi_elt_handlers', '_pi_text_handler', $target, $data ); return; } sub _twig_pi_comment { my( $t, $p, $type, $keep, $process, $set, $elt_handler, $text_handler, @parser_args)= @_; if( $t->{twig_input_filter}) { foreach my $arg (@parser_args) { $arg= $t->{twig_input_filter}->( $arg); } } # if pi/comments are to be kept then we piggiback them to the current element if( $keep) { # first add spaces if( $t->{twig_stored_spaces}) { $t->{extra_data}.= $t->{twig_stored_spaces}; $t->{twig_stored_spaces}= ''; } my $extra_data= $t->$text_handler( @parser_args); $t->{extra_data}.= $extra_data; } elsif( $process) { my $twig_current= $t->{twig_current}; # defined unless we are outside of the root my $elt= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( $type); $elt->$set( @parser_args); if( $t->{extra_data}) { $elt->set_extra_data( $t->{extra_data}); $t->{extra_data}=''; } unless( $t->root) { $t->_add_cpi_outside_of_root( leading_cpi => $elt); } elsif( $t->{twig_in_pcdata}) { # create the node as a sibling of the PCDATA $elt->paste_after( $twig_current); $t->{twig_in_pcdata}=0; } elsif( $twig_current) { # we have to create a PCDATA element if we need to store spaces if( $t->_space_policy($XML::Twig::index2gi[$twig_current->{'gi'}]) && $t->{twig_stored_spaces}) { _insert_pcdata( $t, $t->{twig_stored_spaces}); } $t->{twig_stored_spaces}=''; # create the node as a child of the current element $elt->paste_last_child( $twig_current); } else { $t->_add_cpi_outside_of_root( trailing_cpi => $elt); } if( $twig_current) { delete $twig_current->{'twig_current'}; my $parent= $elt->{parent}; $t->{twig_current}= $parent; $parent->{'twig_current'}=1; } $t->$elt_handler( $elt); } } # add a comment or pi before the first element sub _add_cpi_outside_of_root { my($t, $type, $elt)= @_; # $type is 'leading_cpi' or 'trailing_cpi' $t->{$type} ||= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( '#CPI'); # create the node as a child of the current element $elt->paste_last_child( $t->{$type}); return $t; } sub _twig_final { # warn " in _twig_final...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $t= $p->isa( 'XML::Twig') ? $p : $p->{twig}; # store trailing data if( $t->{extra_data}) { $t->{trailing_cpi_text} = $t->{extra_data}; $t->{extra_data}=''; } $t->{trailing_spaces}= $t->{twig_stored_spaces} || ''; my $s= $t->{twig_stored_spaces}; $s=~s{\n}{\\n}g; if( $t->{twig_stored_spaces}) { my $s= $t->{twig_stored_spaces}; } # restore the selected filehandle if needed $t->_set_fh_to_selected_fh(); $t->_trigger_tdh if( $t->{twig_tdh}); select $t->{twig_original_selected_fh} if($t->{twig_original_selected_fh}); # probably dodgy if( exists $t->{twig_autoflush_data}) { my @args; push @args, $t->{twig_autoflush_data}->{fh} if( $t->{twig_autoflush_data}->{fh}); push @args, @{$t->{twig_autoflush_data}->{args}} if( $t->{twig_autoflush_data}->{args}); $t->flush( @args); delete $t->{twig_autoflush_data}; $t->root->delete; } # tries to clean-up (probably not very well at the moment) #undef $p->{twig}; undef $t->{twig_parser}; delete $t->{twig_parsing}; @{$t}{ qw( twig_parser twig_parsing _twig_context_stack twig_current) }=(); return $t; } sub _insert_pcdata { my( $t, $string)= @_; # create a new PCDATA element my $parent= $t->{twig_current}; # always defined my $elt= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( $PCDATA); $elt->_set_pcdata( $string); my $prev_sibling= $parent->{last_child}; if( $prev_sibling) { $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt; $elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; } else { $parent->{first_child}= $elt; } $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; $t->{twig_stored_spaces}=''; return $elt; } sub _space_policy { my( $t, $gi)= @_; my $policy; $policy=0 if( $t->{twig_discard_spaces}); $policy=1 if( $t->{twig_keep_spaces}); $policy=1 if( $t->{twig_keep_spaces_in} && $t->{twig_keep_spaces_in}->{$gi}); $policy=0 if( $t->{twig_discard_spaces_in} && $t->{twig_discard_spaces_in}->{$gi}); return $policy; } sub _twig_entity { # warn " in _twig_entity...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $name, $val, $sysid, $pubid, $ndata, $param)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; #{ no warnings; my $base= $p->base; warn "_twig_entity called: expand: '$t->{twig_expand_external_ents}', base: '$base', name: '$name', val: '$val', sysid: '$sysid', pubid: '$pubid', ndata: '$ndata', param: '$param'\n";} my $missing_entity=0; if( $sysid) { if($ndata) { if( ! -f _based_filename( $sysid, $p->base)) { $missing_entity= 1; } } else { if( $t->{twig_expand_external_ents}) { $val= eval { _slurp_uri( $sysid, $p->base) }; if( ! defined $val) { if( $t->{twig_extern_ent_nofail}) { $missing_entity= 1; } else { _croak( "cannot load SYSTEM entity '$name' from '$sysid': $@", 3); } } } } } my $ent=XML::Twig::Entity->new( $name, $val, $sysid, $pubid, $ndata, $param); if( $missing_entity) { $t->{twig_missing_system_entities}->{$name}= $ent; } my $entity_list= $t->entity_list; if( $entity_list) { $entity_list->add( $ent); } if( $parser_version > 2.27) { # this is really ugly, but with some versions of XML::Parser the value # of the entity is not properly returned by the default handler my $ent_decl= $ent->text; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { if( defined $ent->{val} && ($ent_decl !~ /["']/)) { my $val= $ent->{val}; $ent_decl .= $val =~ /"/ ? qq{'$val' } : qq{"$val" }; } # for my solaris box (perl 5.6.1, XML::Parser 2.31, expat?) $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ s{<!ENTITY\s+$name\s+$}{substr( $ent_decl, 0, -1)}e; } $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal} .= $ent_decl unless( $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ m{<!ENTITY\s+$name\s+}); } return; } sub _twig_extern_ent { # warn " in _twig_extern_ent...I (", $_[0]->original_string, ")\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $base, $sysid, $pubid)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; if( $t->{twig_no_expand}) { my $ent_name= $t->{twig_keep_encoding} ? $p->original_string : $p->recognized_string; _twig_insert_ent( $t, $ent_name); return ''; } my $ent_content= eval { $t->{twig_ext_ent_handler}->( $p, $base, $sysid) }; if( ! defined $ent_content) { my $ent_name = $p->recognized_string; my $file = _based_filename( $sysid, $base); my $error_message= "cannot expand $ent_name - cannot load '$file'"; if( $t->{twig_extern_ent_nofail}) { return "<!-- $error_message -->"; } else { _croak( $error_message); } } return $ent_content; } # I use this so I can change the $Carp::CarpLevel (which determines how many call frames to skip when reporting an error) sub _croak { my( $message, $level)= @_; $Carp::CarpLevel= $level || 0; croak $message; } sub _twig_xmldecl { # warn " in _twig_xmldecl...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $t=$p->{twig}; $t->{twig_xmldecl}||={}; # could have been set by set_output_encoding $t->{twig_xmldecl}->{version}= shift; $t->{twig_xmldecl}->{encoding}= shift; $t->{twig_xmldecl}->{standalone}= shift; return; } sub _twig_doctype { # warn " in _twig_doctype...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $name, $sysid, $pub, $internal)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; $t->{twig_doctype}||= {}; # create $t->{twig_doctype}->{name}= $name; # always there $t->{twig_doctype}->{sysid}= $sysid; # $t->{twig_doctype}->{pub}= $pub; # # now let's try to cope with XML::Parser 2.28 and above if( $parser_version > 2.27) { @saved_default_handler= $p->setHandlers( Default => \&_twig_store_internal_dtd, Entity => \&_twig_entity, ); $p->setHandlers( DoctypeFin => \&_twig_stop_storing_internal_dtd); $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=''; } else # for XML::Parser before 2.28 { $internal||=''; $internal=~ s{^\s*\[}{}; $internal=~ s{]\s*$}{}; $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=$internal; } # now check if we want to get the DTD info if( $t->{twig_read_external_dtd} && $sysid) { # let's build a fake document with an internal DTD my $dtd= "<!DOCTYPE $name [" . _slurp_uri( $sysid) . "]><$name/>"; $t->save_global_state(); # save the globals (they will be reset by the following new) my $t_dtd= XML::Twig->new( load_DTD => 1, ParseParamEnt => 1, error_context => $t->{ErrorContext} || 0); # create a temp twig $t_dtd->parse( $dtd); # parse it $t->{twig_dtd}= $t_dtd->{twig_dtd}; # grab the dtd info #$t->{twig_dtd_is_external}=1; $t->entity_list->_add_list( $t_dtd->entity_list) if( $t_dtd->entity_list); # grab the entity info $t->restore_global_state(); } return; } sub _twig_element { # warn " in _twig_element...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $name, $model)= @_; my $t=$p->{twig}; $t->{twig_dtd}||= {}; # may create the dtd $t->{twig_dtd}->{model}||= {}; # may create the model hash $t->{twig_dtd}->{elt_list}||= []; # ordered list of elements push @{$t->{twig_dtd}->{elt_list}}, $name; # store the elt $t->{twig_dtd}->{model}->{$name}= $model; # store the model if( ($parser_version > 2.27) && ($t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ m{(^|>)\s*$}) ) { my $text= $XML::Twig::Elt::keep_encoding ? $p->original_string : $p->recognized_string; unless( $text) { # this version of XML::Parser does not return the text in the *_string method # we need to rebuild it $text= "<!ELEMENT $name $model>"; } $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal} .= $text; } return; } sub _twig_attlist { # warn " in _twig_attlist...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $gi, $att, $type, $default, $fixed)= @_; #warn "in attlist: gi: '$gi', att: '$att', type: '$type', default: '$default', fixed: '$fixed'\n"; my $t=$p->{twig}; $t->{twig_dtd}||= {}; # create dtd if need be $t->{twig_dtd}->{$gi}||= {}; # create elt if need be #$t->{twig_dtd}->{$gi}->{att}||= {}; # create att if need be if( ($parser_version > 2.27) && ($t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ m{(^|>)\s*$}) ) { my $text= $XML::Twig::Elt::keep_encoding ? $p->original_string : $p->recognized_string; unless( $text) { # this version of XML::Parser does not return the text in the *_string method # we need to rebuild it my $att_decl="$att $type"; $att_decl .= " #FIXED" if( $fixed); $att_decl .= " $default" if( defined $default); # 2 cases: there is already an attlist on that element or not if( $t->{twig_dtd}->{att}->{$gi}) { # there is already an attlist, add to it $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}=~ s{(<!ATTLIST\s*$gi )(.*?)\n?>} { "$1$2\n" . ' ' x length( $1) . "$att_decl\n>"}es; } else { # create the attlist $t->{twig_doctype}->{internal}.= "<!ATTLIST $gi $att_decl>" } } } $t->{twig_dtd}->{att}->{$gi}->{$att}= {} ; $t->{twig_dtd}->{att}->{$gi}->{$att}->{type}= $type; $t->{twig_dtd}->{att}->{$gi}->{$att}->{default}= $default if( defined $default); $t->{twig_dtd}->{att}->{$gi}->{$att}->{fixed}= $fixed; return; } sub _twig_default { # warn " in _twig_default...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $string)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; # we need to process the data in 2 cases: entity, or spaces after the closing tag # after the closing tag (no twig_current and root has been created) if( ! $t->{twig_current} && $t->{twig_root} && $string=~ m{^\s+$}m) { $t->{twig_stored_spaces} .= $string; } # process only if we have an entity if( $string=~ m{^&([^;]*);$}) { # the entity has to be pure pcdata, or we have a problem if( ($p->original_string=~ m{^<}) && ($p->original_string=~ m{>$}) ) { # string is a tag, entity is in an attribute $t->{twig_entities_in_attribute}=1 if( $t->{twig_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts}); } else { my $ent; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { _twig_char( $p, $string); $ent= substr( $string, 1, -1); } else { $ent= _twig_insert_ent( $t, $string); } return $ent; } return } } sub _twig_insert_ent { my( $t, $string)=@_; my $twig_current= $t->{twig_current}; my $ent= $t->{twig_elt_class}->new( $ENT); $ent->{ent}= $string; _add_or_discard_stored_spaces( $t); if( $t->{twig_in_pcdata}) { # create the node as a sibling of the #PCDATA $ent->{prev_sibling}=$twig_current; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $ent->{prev_sibling});} ; $twig_current->{next_sibling}= $ent; my $parent= $twig_current->{parent}; $ent->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $ent->{parent});} ; delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$ent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; # the twig_current is now the parent delete $twig_current->{'twig_current'}; $t->{twig_current}= $parent; # we left pcdata $t->{twig_in_pcdata}=0; } else { # create the node as a child of the current element $ent->{parent}=$twig_current; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $ent->{parent});} ; if( my $prev_sibling= $twig_current->{last_child}) { $ent->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $ent->{prev_sibling});} ; $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $ent; } else { if( $twig_current) { $twig_current->{first_child}= $ent; } } if( $twig_current) { delete $twig_current->{empty}; $twig_current->{last_child}=$ent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $twig_current->{last_child});} ; } } # meant to trigger entity handler, does not seem to be activated at this time #if( my $handler= $t->{twig_handlers}->{gi}->{$ENT}) # { local $_= $ent; $handler->( $t, $ent); } return $ent; } sub parser { return $_[0]->{twig_parser}; } # returns the declaration text (or a default one) sub xmldecl { my $t= shift; return '' unless( $t->{twig_xmldecl} || $t->{output_encoding}); my $decl_string; my $decl= $t->{twig_xmldecl}; if( $decl) { my $version= $decl->{version}; $decl_string= q{<?xml}; $decl_string .= qq{ version="$version"}; # encoding can either have been set (in $decl->{output_encoding}) # or come from the document (in $decl->{encoding}) if( $t->{output_encoding}) { my $encoding= $t->{output_encoding}; $decl_string .= qq{ encoding="$encoding"}; } elsif( $decl->{encoding}) { my $encoding= $decl->{encoding}; $decl_string .= qq{ encoding="$encoding"}; } if( defined( $decl->{standalone})) { $decl_string .= q{ standalone="}; $decl_string .= $decl->{standalone} ? "yes" : "no"; $decl_string .= q{"}; } $decl_string .= "?>\n"; } else { my $encoding= $t->{output_encoding}; $decl_string= qq{<?xml version="1.0" encoding="$encoding"?>}; } my $output_filter= XML::Twig::Elt::output_filter(); return $output_filter ? $output_filter->( $decl_string) : $decl_string; } sub set_doctype { my( $t, $name, $system, $public, $internal)= @_; $t->{twig_doctype}= {} unless defined $t->{twig_doctype}; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype}; $doctype->{name} = $name if( defined $name); $doctype->{sysid} = $system if( defined $system); $doctype->{pub} = $public if( defined $public); $doctype->{internal} = $internal if( defined $internal); } sub doctype_name { my $t= shift; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype} or return ''; return $doctype->{name} || ''; } sub system_id { my $t= shift; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype} or return ''; return $doctype->{sysid} || ''; } sub public_id { my $t= shift; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype} or return ''; return $doctype->{pub} || ''; } sub internal_subset { my $t= shift; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype} or return ''; return $doctype->{internal} || ''; } # return the dtd object sub dtd { my $t= shift; return $t->{twig_dtd}; } # return an element model, or the list of element models sub model { my $t= shift; my $elt= shift; return $t->dtd->{model}->{$elt} if( $elt); return (sort keys %{$t->dtd->{model}}); } # return the entity_list object sub entity_list { my $t= shift; return $t->{twig_entity_list}; } # return the list of entity names sub entity_names { my $t= shift; return $t->entity_list->entity_names; } # return the entity object sub entity { my $t= shift; my $entity_name= shift; return $t->entity_list->ent( $entity_name); } sub print_prolog { my $t= shift; my $fh= isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar') ? shift : $t->{twig_output_fh} || select() || \*STDOUT; ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; print {$fh} $t->prolog( @_); } sub prolog { my $t= shift; if( $t->{no_prolog}){ return ''; } return $t->{no_prolog} ? '' : defined $t->{no_dtd_output} ? $t->xmldecl : $t->xmldecl . $t->doctype( @_); } sub doctype { my $t= shift; my %args= _normalize_args( @_); my $update_dtd = $args{UpdateDTD} || ''; my $doctype_text=''; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype}; if( $doctype) { $doctype_text .= qq{<!DOCTYPE $doctype->{name}} if( $doctype->{name}); $doctype_text .= qq{ PUBLIC "$doctype->{pub}"} if( $doctype->{pub}); $doctype_text .= qq{ SYSTEM} if( $doctype->{sysid} && !$doctype->{pub}); $doctype_text .= qq{ "$doctype->{sysid}"} if( $doctype->{sysid}); } if( $update_dtd) { if( $doctype) { my $internal=$doctype->{internal}; # awfull hack, but at least it works a little better that what was there before if( $internal) { # remove entity declarations (they will be re-generated from the updated entity list) $internal=~ s{<! \s* ENTITY \s+ $REG_NAME \s+ ( ("[^"]*"|'[^']*') \s* | SYSTEM [^>]*) >\s*}{}xg; $internal=~ s{^\n}{}; } $internal .= $t->entity_list->text ||'' if( $t->entity_list); if( $internal) { $doctype_text .= "[\n$internal]>\n"; } } elsif( !$t->{'twig_dtd'} && keys %{$t->entity_list}) { $doctype_text .= "<!DOCTYPE " . $t->root->gi . " [\n" . $t->entity_list->text . "\n]>";;} else { my $doctype_text= $t->{twig_dtd}; $doctype_text .= $t->dtd_text; } } elsif( $doctype) { if( my $internal= $doctype->{internal}) { # add opening and closing brackets if not already there # plus some spaces and newlines for a nice formating # I test it here because I can't remember which version of # XML::Parser need it or not, nor guess which one will in the # future, so this about the best I can do $internal=~ s{^\s*(\[\s*)?}{ [\n}; $internal=~ s{\s*(\]\s*(>\s*)?)?\s*$}{\n]>\n}; $doctype_text .= $internal; } } if( $doctype_text) { # terrible hack, as I can't figure out in which case the darn prolog # should get an extra > (depends on XML::Parser and expat versions) $doctype_text=~ s/(>\s*)*$/>\n/; # if($doctype_text); my $output_filter= XML::Twig::Elt::output_filter(); return $output_filter ? $output_filter->( $doctype_text) : $doctype_text; } else { return $doctype_text; } } sub _leading_cpi { my $t= shift; my $leading_cpi= $t->{leading_cpi} || return ''; return $leading_cpi->sprint( 1); } sub _trailing_cpi { my $t= shift; my $trailing_cpi= $t->{trailing_cpi} || return ''; return $trailing_cpi->sprint( 1); } sub _trailing_cpi_text { my $t= shift; return $t->{trailing_cpi_text} || ''; } sub print_to_file { my( $t, $filename)= (shift, shift); open( TWIG_PRINT_TO_FILE, ">$filename") or _croak( "cannot create file $filename: $!"); $t->print( \*TWIG_PRINT_TO_FILE, @_); close TWIG_PRINT_TO_FILE; return $t; } sub print { my $t= shift; my $fh= isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar') ? shift : undef; my %args= _normalize_args( @_); my $old_select = defined $fh ? select $fh : undef; my $old_pretty = defined ($args{PrettyPrint}) ? $t->set_pretty_print( $args{PrettyPrint}) : undef; my $old_empty_tag = defined ($args{EmptyTags}) ? $t->set_empty_tag_style( $args{EmptyTags}) : undef; #if( !$t->{encoding} || lc( $t->{encoding}) eq 'utf-8') { my $out= $fh || \*STDOUT; binmode $out, ':utf8'; } if( $] > 5.006 && ! $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { if( grep /useperlio=define/, `$^X -V`) # we can only use binmode :utf8 if perl was compiled with useperlio { binmode( $fh || \*STDOUT, ":utf8" ); } } print $t->prolog( %args) . $t->_leading_cpi( %args); $t->{twig_root}->print; print $t->_trailing_cpi # trailing comments and pi's (elements, in 'process' mode) . $t->_trailing_cpi_text # trailing comments and pi's (in 'keep' mode) . ( ($t->{twig_keep_spaces}||'') && ($t->{trailing_spaces} || '')) ; $t->set_pretty_print( $old_pretty) if( defined $old_pretty); $t->set_empty_tag_style( $old_empty_tag) if( defined $old_empty_tag); if( $fh) { select $old_select; } return $t; } sub flush { my $t= shift; $t->_trigger_tdh if $t->{twig_tdh}; return if( $t->{twig_completely_flushed}); my $fh= isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar') ? shift : undef; my $old_select= defined $fh ? select $fh : undef; my $up_to= ref $_[0] ? shift : undef; my %args= _normalize_args( @_); my $old_pretty; if( defined $args{PrettyPrint}) { $old_pretty= $t->set_pretty_print( $args{PrettyPrint}); delete $args{PrettyPrint}; } my $old_empty_tag_style; if( $args{EmptyTags}) { $old_empty_tag_style= $t->set_empty_tag_style( $args{EmptyTags}); delete $args{EmptyTags}; } # the "real" last element processed, as _twig_end has closed it my $last_elt; my $flush_trailing_data=0; if( $up_to) { $last_elt= $up_to; } elsif( $t->{twig_current}) { $last_elt= $t->{twig_current}->_last_child; } else { $last_elt= $t->{twig_root}; $flush_trailing_data=1; $t->{twig_completely_flushed}=1; } # flush the DTD unless it has ready flushed (ie root has been flushed) my $elt= $t->{twig_root}; unless( $elt->_flushed) { # store flush info so we can auto-flush later if( $t->{twig_autoflush}) { $t->{twig_autoflush_data}={}; $t->{twig_autoflush_data}->{fh} = $fh if( $fh); $t->{twig_autoflush_data}->{args} = \@_ if( @_); } $t->print_prolog( %args); print $t->_leading_cpi; } while( $elt) { my $next_elt; if( $last_elt && $last_elt->in( $elt)) { unless( $elt->_flushed) { # just output the front tag print $elt->start_tag(); $elt->_set_flushed; } $next_elt= $elt->{first_child}; } else { # an element before the last one or the last one, $next_elt= $elt->{next_sibling}; $elt->_flush(); $elt->delete; last if( $last_elt && ($elt == $last_elt)); } $elt= $next_elt; } if( $flush_trailing_data) { print $t->_trailing_cpi # trailing comments and pi's (elements, in 'process' mode) , $t->_trailing_cpi_text # trailing comments and pi's (in 'keep' mode) } select $old_select if( defined $old_select); $t->set_pretty_print( $old_pretty) if( defined $old_pretty); $t->set_empty_tag_style( $old_empty_tag_style) if( defined $old_empty_tag_style); if( my $ids= $t->{twig_id_list}) { while( my ($id, $elt)= each %$ids) { if( ! defined $elt) { delete $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id} } } } return $t; } # flushes up to an element # this method just reorders the arguments and calls flush sub flush_up_to { my $t= shift; my $up_to= shift; if( isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar')) { my $fh= shift; $t->flush( $fh, $up_to, @_); } else { $t->flush( $up_to, @_); } return $t; } # same as print except the entire document text is returned as a string sub sprint { my $t= shift; my %args= _normalize_args( @_); my $old_pretty; if( defined $args{PrettyPrint}) { $old_pretty= $t->set_pretty_print( $args{PrettyPrint}); delete $args{PrettyPrint}; } my $old_empty_tag_style; if( defined $args{EmptyTags}) { $old_empty_tag_style= $t->set_empty_tag_style( $args{EmptyTags}); delete $args{EmptyTags}; } my $string= $t->prolog( %args) # xml declaration and doctype . $t->_leading_cpi( %args) # leading comments and pi's in 'process' mode . $t->{twig_root}->sprint . $t->_trailing_cpi # trailing comments and pi's (elements, in 'process' mode) . $t->_trailing_cpi_text # trailing comments and pi's (in 'keep' mode) ; if( $t->{twig_keep_spaces} && $t->{trailing_spaces}) { $string .= $t->{trailing_spaces}; } $t->set_pretty_print( $old_pretty) if( defined $old_pretty); $t->set_empty_tag_style( $old_empty_tag_style) if( defined $old_empty_tag_style); return $string; } # this method discards useless elements in a tree # it does the same thing as a flush except it does not print it # the second argument is an element, the last purged element # (this argument is usually set through the purge_up_to method) sub purge { my $t= shift; my $up_to= shift; $t->_trigger_tdh if $t->{twig_tdh}; # the "real" last element processed, as _twig_end has closed it my $last_elt; if( $up_to) { $last_elt= $up_to; } elsif( $t->{twig_current}) { $last_elt= $t->{twig_current}->_last_child; } else { $last_elt= $t->{twig_root}; } my $elt= $t->{twig_root}; while( $elt) { my $next_elt; if( $last_elt && $last_elt->in( $elt)) { $elt->_set_flushed; $next_elt= $elt->{first_child}; } else { # an element before the last one or the last one, $next_elt= $elt->{next_sibling}; $elt->delete; last if( $last_elt && ($elt == $last_elt) ); } $elt= $next_elt; } if( my $ids= $t->{twig_id_list}) { while( my ($id, $elt)= each %$ids) { if( ! defined $elt) { delete $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id} } } } return $t; } # flushes up to an element. This method just calls purge sub purge_up_to { my $t= shift; return $t->purge( @_); } sub root { return $_[0]->{twig_root}; } sub normalize { return $_[0]->root->normalize; } # create accessor methods on attribute names { my %accessor; # memorize accessor names so re-creating them won't trigger an error sub create_accessors { _croak( "cannot use the create_accessors method with perl 5.005") if( $] < 5.006); my $twig_or_class= shift; my $elt_class= ref $twig_or_class ? $twig_or_class->{twig_elt_class} : 'XML::Twig::Elt' ; ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; foreach my $att (@_) { _croak( "attempt to redefine existing method $att using create_accessors") if( $elt_class->can( $att) && !$accessor{$att}); if( !$accessor{$att}) # > perl 5.5 { *{"$elt_class\::$att"}= # > perl 5.5 sub :lvalue # > perl 5.5 { my $elt= shift; # > perl 5.5 if( @_) { $elt->{att}->{$att}= $_[0]; } # > perl 5.5 $elt->{att}->{$att}; # > perl 5.5 }; # > perl 5.5 $accessor{$att}=1; # > perl 5.5 } # > perl 5.5 } return $twig_or_class; } } sub first_elt { my( $t, $cond)= @_; my $root= $t->root || return undef; return $root if( $root->passes( $cond)); return $root->next_elt( $cond); } sub last_elt { my( $t, $cond)= @_; my $root= $t->root || return undef; return $root->last_descendant( $cond); } sub next_n_elt { my( $t, $offset, $cond)= @_; $offset -- if( $t->root->matches( $cond) ); return $t->root->next_n_elt( $offset, $cond); } sub get_xpath { my $twig= shift; if( isa( $_[0], 'ARRAY')) { my $elt_array= shift; return _unique_elts( map { $_->get_xpath( @_) } @$elt_array); } else { return $twig->root->get_xpath( @_); } } # get a list of elts and return a sorted list of unique elts sub _unique_elts { my @sorted= sort { $a ->cmp( $b) } @_; my @unique; while( my $current= shift @sorted) { push @unique, $current unless( @unique && ($unique[-1] == $current)); } return @unique; } sub findvalue { my $twig= shift; if( isa( $_[0], 'ARRAY')) { my $elt_array= shift; return join( '', map { $_->findvalue( @_) } @$elt_array); } else { return $twig->root->findvalue( @_); } } sub set_id_seed { my $t= shift; XML::Twig::Elt->set_id_seed( @_); return $t; } # return an array ref to an index, or undef sub index { my( $twig, $name, $index)= @_; return defined( $index) ? $twig->{_twig_index}->{$name}->[$index] : $twig->{_twig_index}->{$name}; } # return a list with just the root # if a condition is given then return an empty list unless the root matches sub children { my( $t, $cond)= @_; my $root= $t->root; unless( $cond && !($root->passes( $cond)) ) { return ($root); } else { return (); } } sub _children { return ($_[0]->root); } # weird, but here for completude # used to solve (non-sensical) /doc[1] XPath queries sub child { my $t= shift; my $nb= shift; return ($t->children( @_))[$nb]; } sub descendants { my( $t, $cond)= @_; my $root= $t->root; if( $root->passes( $cond) ) { return ($root, $root->descendants( $cond)); } else { return ( $root->descendants( $cond)); } } sub simplify { my $t= shift; $t->root->simplify( @_); } sub subs_text { my $t= shift; $t->root->subs_text( @_); } sub trim { my $t= shift; $t->root->trim( @_); } sub set_keep_encoding { my( $t, $keep)= @_; $t->{twig_keep_encoding}= $keep; $t->{NoExpand}= $keep; return XML::Twig::Elt::set_keep_encoding( $keep); } sub set_expand_external_entities { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_expand_external_entities( @_); } sub escape_gt { my $t= shift; $t->{twig_escape_gt}= 1; return XML::Twig::Elt::escape_gt( @_); } sub do_not_escape_gt { my $t= shift; $t->{twig_escape_gt}= 0; return XML::Twig::Elt::do_not_escape_gt( @_); } # WARNING: at the moment the id list is not updated reliably sub elt_id { return $_[0]->{twig_id_list}->{$_[1]}; } # change it in ALL twigs at the moment sub change_gi { my( $twig, $old_gi, $new_gi)= @_; my $index; return unless($index= $XML::Twig::gi2index{$old_gi}); $XML::Twig::index2gi[$index]= $new_gi; delete $XML::Twig::gi2index{$old_gi}; $XML::Twig::gi2index{$new_gi}= $index; return $twig; } # builds the DTD from the stored (possibly updated) data sub dtd_text { my $t= shift; my $dtd= $t->{twig_dtd}; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype} or return ''; my $string= "<!DOCTYPE ".$doctype->{name}; $string .= " [\n"; foreach my $gi (@{$dtd->{elt_list}}) { $string.= "<!ELEMENT $gi ".$dtd->{model}->{$gi}.">\n" ; if( $dtd->{att}->{$gi}) { my $attlist= $dtd->{att}->{$gi}; $string.= "<!ATTLIST $gi\n"; foreach my $att ( sort keys %{$attlist}) { if( $attlist->{$att}->{fixed}) { $string.= " $att $attlist->{$att}->{type} #FIXED $attlist->{$att}->{default}"; } else { $string.= " $att $attlist->{$att}->{type} $attlist->{$att}->{default}"; } $string.= "\n"; } $string.= ">\n"; } } $string.= $t->entity_list->text if( $t->entity_list); $string.= "\n]>\n"; return $string; } # prints the DTD from the stored (possibly updated) data sub dtd_print { my $t= shift; my $fh= isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar') ? shift : undef; if( $fh) { print $fh $t->dtd_text; } else { print $t->dtd_text; } return $t; } # build the subs that call directly expat BEGIN { my @expat_methods= qw( depth in_element within_element context current_line current_column current_byte recognized_string original_string xpcroak xpcarp xml_escape base current_element element_index position_in_context); foreach my $method (@expat_methods) { ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; *{$method}= sub { my $t= shift; _croak( "calling $method after parsing is finished") unless( $t->{twig_parsing}); return $t->{twig_parser}->$method(@_); }; } } sub path { my( $t, $gi)= @_; if( $t->{twig_map_xmlns}) { return "/" . join( "/", map { $t->_replace_prefix( $_)} ($t->{twig_parser}->context, $gi)); } else { return "/" . join( "/", ($t->{twig_parser}->context, $gi)); } } sub finish { my $t= shift; return $t->{twig_parser}->finish; } # just finish the parse by printing the rest of the document sub finish_print { my( $t, $fh)= @_; my $old_fh; unless( defined $fh) { $t->_set_fh_to_twig_output_fh(); } elsif( defined $fh) { $old_fh= select $fh; $t->{twig_original_selected_fh}= $old_fh if( $old_fh); } my $p=$t->{twig_parser}; if( $t->{twig_keep_encoding}) { $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_finish_print); } else { $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_finish_print_original); } return $t; } sub set_remove_cdata { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_remove_cdata( @_); } sub output_filter { return XML::Twig::Elt::output_filter( @_); } sub set_output_filter { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_output_filter( @_); } sub output_text_filter { return XML::Twig::Elt::output_text_filter( @_); } sub set_output_text_filter { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_output_text_filter( @_); } sub set_input_filter { my( $t, $input_filter)= @_; my $old_filter= $t->{twig_input_filter}; if( !$input_filter || isa( $input_filter, 'CODE') ) { $t->{twig_input_filter}= $input_filter; } elsif( $input_filter eq 'latin1') { $t->{twig_input_filter}= latin1(); } elsif( $filter{$input_filter}) { $t->{twig_input_filter}= $filter{$input_filter}; } else { _croak( "invalid input filter: $input_filter"); } return $old_filter; } sub set_empty_tag_style { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_empty_tag_style( @_); } sub set_pretty_print { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_pretty_print( @_); } sub set_quote { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_quote( @_); } sub set_indent { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_indent( @_); } sub set_keep_atts_order { shift; return XML::Twig::Elt::set_keep_atts_order( @_); } sub keep_atts_order { return XML::Twig::Elt::keep_atts_order( @_); } sub set_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts( @_); } # save and restore package globals (the ones in XML::Twig::Elt) # should probably return the XML::Twig object itself, but instead # returns the state (as a hashref) for backward compatibility sub save_global_state { my $t= shift; return $t->{twig_saved_state}= XML::Twig::Elt::global_state(); } sub restore_global_state { my $t= shift; XML::Twig::Elt::set_global_state( $t->{twig_saved_state}); } sub global_state { return XML::Twig::Elt::global_state(); } sub set_global_state { return XML::Twig::Elt::set_global_state( $_[1]); } sub dispose { my $t= shift; $t->DESTROY; return; } sub DESTROY { my $t= shift; if( $t->{twig_root} && isa( $t->{twig_root}, 'XML::Twig')) { $t->{twig_root}->delete } # added to break circular references undef $t->{twig}; undef $t->{twig_root}->{twig} if( $t->{twig_root}); undef $t->{twig_parser}; $t={}; # prevents memory leaks (especially when using mod_perl) undef $t; } # # non standard handlers # # kludge: expat 1.95.2 calls both Default AND Doctype handlers # so if the default handler finds '<!DOCTYPE' then it must # unset itself (_twig_print_doctype will reset it) sub _twig_print_check_doctype { # warn " in _twig_print_check_doctype...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $string= $p->recognized_string(); if( $string eq '<!DOCTYPE') { $p->setHandlers( Default => undef); $p->setHandlers( Entity => undef); $expat_1_95_2=1; } else { print $string; } return; } sub _twig_print { # warn " in _twig_print...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; if( $expat_1_95_2 && ($p->recognized_string eq '[') && !$p->{twig}->{expat_1_95_2_seen_bracket}) { # otherwise the opening square bracket of the doctype gets printed twice $p->{twig}->{expat_1_95_2_seen_bracket}=1; } else { print $p->recognized_string(); } return; } # recognized_string does not seem to work for entities, go figure! # so this handler is used to print them anyway sub _twig_print_entity { # warn " in _twig_print_entity...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; XML::Twig::Entity->new( @_)->print; } # kludge: expat 1.95.2 calls both Default AND Doctype handlers # so if the default handler finds '<!DOCTYPE' then it must # unset itself (_twig_print_doctype will reset it) sub _twig_print_original_check_doctype { # warn " in _twig_print_original_check_doctype...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $string= $p->original_string(); if( $string eq '<!DOCTYPE') { $p->setHandlers( Default => undef); $p->setHandlers( Entity => undef); $expat_1_95_2=1; } else { print $string; } return; } sub _twig_print_original { # warn " in _twig_print_original...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; print $p->original_string(); return; } sub _twig_print_original_doctype { # warn " in _twig_print_original_doctype...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $name, $sysid, $pubid, $internal)= @_; if( $name) { # with recent versions of XML::Parser original_string does not work, # hence we need to rebuild the doctype declaration my $doctype=''; $doctype .= qq{<!DOCTYPE $name} if( $name); $doctype .= qq{ PUBLIC "$pubid"} if( $pubid); $doctype .= qq{ SYSTEM} if( $sysid && !$pubid); $doctype .= qq{ "$sysid"} if( $sysid); $doctype .= ' [' if( $internal && !$expat_1_95_2) ; $doctype .= qq{>} unless( $internal || $expat_1_95_2); $p->{twig}->{twig_doctype}->{has_internal}=$internal; print $doctype; } $p->setHandlers( Default => \&_twig_print_original); return; } sub _twig_print_doctype { # warn " in _twig_print_doctype...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $name, $sysid, $pubid, $internal)= @_; if( $name) { # with recent versions of XML::Parser original_string does not work, # hence we need to rebuild the doctype declaration my $doctype=''; $doctype .= qq{<!DOCTYPE $name} if( $name); $doctype .= qq{ PUBLIC "$pubid"} if( $pubid); $doctype .= qq{ SYSTEM} if( $sysid && !$pubid); $doctype .= qq{ "$sysid"} if( $sysid); $doctype .= ' [' if( $internal) ; $doctype .= qq{>} unless( $internal || $expat_1_95_2); $p->{twig}->{twig_doctype}->{has_internal}=$internal; print $doctype; } $p->setHandlers( Default => \&_twig_print); return; } sub _twig_print_original_default { # warn " in _twig_print_original_default...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; print $p->original_string(); return; } # account for the case where the element is empty sub _twig_print_end_original { # warn " in _twig_print_end_original...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; print $p->original_string(); return; } sub _twig_start_check_roots { # warn " in _twig_start_check_roots...\n"; # DEBUG handler my $p= shift; my $gi= shift; my $t= $p->{twig}; my $fh= $t->{twig_output_fh} || select() || \*STDOUT; unless( $p->depth == 0) { if( $t->{twig_map_xmlns}) { _replace_ns( $t, \$gi, \@_); } } push @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}, { _tag => $gi, @_}; my %att= @_; if( _handler( $t, $t->{twig_roots}, $gi)) { $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers); # restore regular handlers $t->{twig_root_depth}= $p->depth; pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; # will be pushed back in _twig_start _twig_start( $p, $gi, @_); return; } # $tag will always be true if it needs to be printed (the tag string is never empty) my $tag= $t->{twig_default_print} ? $t->{twig_keep_encoding} ? $p->original_string : $p->recognized_string : ''; if( $p->depth == 0) { ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; print {$fh} $tag if( $tag); pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; # will be pushed back in _twig_start _twig_start( $p, $gi, @_); $t->root->_set_flushed; # or the root start tag gets output the first time we flush } elsif( $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}) { # look for start tag handlers my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_starttag_handlers}, $gi); my $last_handler_res; foreach my $handler ( @handlers) { $last_handler_res= $handler->($t, $gi, %att); last unless $last_handler_res; } ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; print {$fh} $tag if( $tag && (!@handlers || $last_handler_res)); } else { ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; print {$fh} $tag if( $tag); } return; } sub _twig_end_check_roots { # warn " in _twig_end_check_roots...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $gi, %att)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; # $tag can be empty (<elt/>), hence the undef and the tests for defined my $tag= $t->{twig_default_print} ? $t->{twig_keep_encoding} ? $p->original_string : $p->recognized_string : undef; my $fh= $t->{twig_output_fh} || select() || \*STDOUT; if( $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}) { # look for end tag handlers my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}, $gi); my $last_handler_res=1; foreach my $handler ( @handlers) { $last_handler_res= $handler->($t, $gi) || last; } if( ! $last_handler_res) { pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; return; } } { ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; print {$fh} $tag if( defined $tag); } if( $p->depth == 0) { _twig_end( $p, $gi); $t->root->{end_tag_flushed}=1; } pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; return; } sub _twig_pi_check_roots { # warn " in _twig_pi_check_roots...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $target, $data)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; my $pi= $t->{twig_default_print} ? $t->{twig_keep_encoding} ? $p->original_string : $p->recognized_string : undef; my $fh= $t->{twig_output_fh} || select() || \*STDOUT; if( my $handler= $t->{twig_handlers}->{pi_handlers}->{$target} || $t->{twig_handlers}->{pi_handlers}->{''} ) { # if handler is called on pi, then it needs to be processed as a regular node my @flags= qw( twig_process_pi twig_keep_pi); my @save= @{$t}{@flags}; # save pi related flags @{$t}{@flags}= (1, 0); # override them, pi needs to be processed _twig_pi( @_); # call handler on the pi @{$t}{@flags}= @save;; # restore flag } else { ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict); no strict 'refs'; print {$fh} $pi if( defined( $pi)); } return; } sub _twig_ignore_start { # warn " in _twig_ignore_start...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $gi)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; $t->{twig_ignore_level}++; my $action= $t->{twig_ignore_action}; if( $action eq 'print' ) { _twig_print_original( @_); } # elsif( $action eq 'string' ) # { $t->{twig_buffered_string} .= $p->original_string(); } return; } sub _twig_ignore_end { # warn " in _twig_ignore_end...\n"; # DEBUG handler my( $p, $gi)= @_; my $t= $p->{twig}; my $action= $t->{twig_ignore_action}; if( $action eq 'print') { _twig_print_original( $p, $gi); } # elsif( $action eq 'string') # { $t->{twig_buffered_string} .= $p->original_string(); } $t->{twig_ignore_level}--; if( ! $t->{twig_ignore_level}) { $t->{twig_current} = $t->{twig_ignore_elt}; $t->{twig_current}->set_twig_current; $t->{twig_ignore_elt}->cut; # there could possibly be a memory leak here (delete would avoid it, # but could also delete elements that should not be deleted) # restore the saved stack to the current level splice( @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}, $p->depth+ 1 ); #warn "stack: ", _dump_stack( $t->{_twig_context_stack}), "\n"; $p->setHandlers( @{$t->{twig_saved_handlers}}); # test for handlers if( $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}) { # look for end tag handlers my @handlers= _handler( $t, $t->{twig_endtag_handlers}, $gi); my $last_handler_res=1; foreach my $handler ( @handlers) { $last_handler_res= $handler->($t, $gi) || last; } } pop @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}}; }; return; } #sub _dump_stack { my( $stack)= @_; return join( ":", map { $_->{_tag} } @$stack); } sub ignore { my( $t, $elt)= @_; my $current= $t->{twig_current}; if( ! ($elt && ref( $elt) && isa( $elt, 'XML::Twig::Elt'))) { $elt= $current; } #warn "ignore: current = ", $current->tag, ", elt = ", $elt->tag, ")\n"; # we need the ($elt == $current->{last_child}) test because the current element is set to the # parent _before_ handlers are called (and I can't figure out how to fix this) unless( ($elt == $current) || ($current->{last_child} && ($elt == $current->{last_child})) || $current->in( $elt)) { _croak( "element to be ignored must be ancestor of current element"); } $t->{twig_ignore_level}= $current == $elt ? 1 : $t->_level_in_stack( $current) - $t->_level_in_stack($elt) + 1; #warn "twig_ignore_level: $t->{twig_ignore_level} (current: ", $current->tag, ", elt: ", $elt->tag, ")\n"; $t->{twig_ignore_elt} = $elt; # save it, so we can delete it later my $action= shift || 1; $t->{twig_ignore_action}= $action; my $p= $t->{twig_parser}; my @saved_handlers= $p->setHandlers( %twig_handlers_ignore); # set handlers if( $action eq 'print') { $p->setHandlers( Default => \&_twig_print_original); } # elsif( $action eq 'string') # { # not used at the moment # $t->{twig_buffered_string}=''; # $p->setHandlers( Default => \&twig_buffer_original); # } $t->{twig_saved_handlers}= \@saved_handlers; # save current handlers } sub _level_in_stack { my( $t, $elt)= @_; my $level=1; foreach my $elt_in_stack ( @{$t->{_twig_context_stack}} ) { if( $elt_in_stack->{_elt} && ($elt == $elt_in_stack->{_elt})) { return $level } $level++; } } # select $t->{twig_output_fh} and store the current selected fh sub _set_fh_to_twig_output_fh { my $t= shift; my $output_fh= $t->{twig_output_fh}; if( $output_fh && !$t->{twig_output_fh_selected}) { # there is an output fh $t->{twig_selected_fh}= select(); # store the currently selected fh $t->{twig_output_fh_selected}=1; select $output_fh; # select the output fh for the twig } } # select the fh that was stored in $t->{twig_selected_fh} # (before $t->{twig_output_fh} was selected) sub _set_fh_to_selected_fh { my $t= shift; return unless( $t->{twig_output_fh}); my $selected_fh= $t->{twig_selected_fh}; $t->{twig_output_fh_selected}=0; select $selected_fh; return; } sub encoding { return $_[0]->{twig_xmldecl}->{encoding} if( $_[0]->{twig_xmldecl}); } sub set_encoding { my( $t, $encoding)= @_; $t->{twig_xmldecl} ||={}; $t->set_xml_version( "1.0") unless( $t->xml_version); $t->{twig_xmldecl}->{encoding}= $encoding; return $t; } sub output_encoding { return $_[0]->{output_encoding}; } sub set_output_encoding { my( $t, $encoding)= @_; my $output_filter= $t->output_filter || ''; if( ($encoding && $encoding !~ m{^utf-?8$}i) || $t->{twig_keep_encoding} || $output_filter) { $t->set_output_filter( _encoding_filter( $encoding || '')); } $t->{output_encoding}= $encoding; return $t; } sub xml_version { return $_[0]->{twig_xmldecl}->{version} if( $_[0]->{twig_xmldecl}); } sub set_xml_version { my( $t, $version)= @_; $t->{twig_xmldecl} ||={}; $t->{twig_xmldecl}->{version}= $version; return $t; } sub standalone { return $_[0]->{twig_xmldecl}->{standalone} if( $_[0]->{twig_xmldecl}); } sub set_standalone { my( $t, $standalone)= @_; $t->{twig_xmldecl} ||={}; $t->set_xml_version( "1.0") unless( $t->xml_version); $t->{twig_xmldecl}->{standalone}= $standalone; return $t; } # SAX methods sub toSAX1 { _croak( "cannot use toSAX1 while parsing (use flush_toSAX1)") if (defined $_[0]->{twig_parser}); shift(@_)->_toSAX(@_, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_start_tag_data_SAX1, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_end_tag_data_SAX1 ); } sub toSAX2 { _croak( "cannot use toSAX2 while parsing (use flush_toSAX2)") if (defined $_[0]->{twig_parser}); shift(@_)->_toSAX(@_, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_start_tag_data_SAX2, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_end_tag_data_SAX2 ); } sub _toSAX { my( $t, $handler, $start_tag_data, $end_tag_data) = @_; if( my $start_document = $handler->can( 'start_document')) { $start_document->( $handler); } $t->_prolog_toSAX( $handler); if( $t->root) { $t->root->_toSAX( $handler, $start_tag_data, $end_tag_data) ; } if( my $end_document = $handler->can( 'end_document')) { $end_document->( $handler); } } sub flush_toSAX1 { shift(@_)->_flush_toSAX(@_, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_start_tag_data_SAX1, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_end_tag_data_SAX1 ); } sub flush_toSAX2 { shift(@_)->_flush_toSAX(@_, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_start_tag_data_SAX2, \&XML::Twig::Elt::_end_tag_data_SAX2 ); } sub _flush_toSAX { my( $t, $handler, $start_tag_data, $end_tag_data)= @_; # the "real" last element processed, as _twig_end has closed it my $last_elt; if( $t->{twig_current}) { $last_elt= $t->{twig_current}->_last_child; } else { $last_elt= $t->{twig_root}; } my $elt= $t->{twig_root}; unless( $elt->_flushed) { # init unless already done (ie root has been flushed) if( my $start_document = $handler->can( 'start_document')) { $start_document->( $handler); } # flush the DTD $t->_prolog_toSAX( $handler) } while( $elt) { my $next_elt; if( $last_elt && $last_elt->in( $elt)) { unless( $elt->_flushed) { # just output the front tag if( my $start_element = $handler->can( 'start_element')) { if( my $tag_data= $start_tag_data->( $elt)) { $start_element->( $handler, $tag_data); } } $elt->_set_flushed; } $next_elt= $elt->{first_child}; } else { # an element before the last one or the last one, $next_elt= $elt->{next_sibling}; $elt->_toSAX( $handler, $start_tag_data, $end_tag_data); $elt->delete; last if( $last_elt && ($elt == $last_elt)); } $elt= $next_elt; } if( !$t->{twig_parsing}) { if( my $end_document = $handler->can( 'end_document')) { $end_document->( $handler); } } } sub _prolog_toSAX { my( $t, $handler)= @_; $t->_xmldecl_toSAX( $handler); $t->_DTD_toSAX( $handler); } sub _xmldecl_toSAX { my( $t, $handler)= @_; my $decl= $t->{twig_xmldecl}; my $data= { Version => $decl->{version}, Encoding => $decl->{encoding}, Standalone => $decl->{standalone}, }; if( my $xml_decl= $handler->can( 'xml_decl')) { $xml_decl->( $handler, $data); } } sub _DTD_toSAX { my( $t, $handler)= @_; my $doctype= $t->{twig_doctype}; return unless( $doctype); my $data= { Name => $doctype->{name}, PublicId => $doctype->{pub}, SystemId => $doctype->{sysid}, }; if( my $start_dtd= $handler->can( 'start_dtd')) { $start_dtd->( $handler, $data); } # I should call code to export the internal subset here if( my $end_dtd= $handler->can( 'end_dtd')) { $end_dtd->( $handler); } } # input/output filters sub latin1 { local $SIG{__DIE__}; if( _use( 'Encode')) { return encode_convert( 'ISO-8859-15'); } elsif( _use( 'Text::Iconv')) { return iconv_convert( 'ISO-8859-15'); } elsif( _use( 'Unicode::Map8') && _use( 'Unicode::String')) { return unicode_convert( 'ISO-8859-15'); } else { return \®exp2latin1; } } sub _encoding_filter { { local $SIG{__DIE__}; my $encoding= $_[1] || $_[0]; if( _use( 'Encode')) { my $sub= encode_convert( $encoding); return $sub; } elsif( _use( 'Text::Iconv')) { return iconv_convert( $encoding); } elsif( _use( 'Unicode::Map8') && _use( 'Unicode::String')) { return unicode_convert( $encoding); } } _croak( "Encode, Text::Iconv or Unicode::Map8 and Unicode::String need to be installed in order to use encoding options"); } # shamelessly lifted from XML::TyePYX (works only with XML::Parse 2.27) sub regexp2latin1 { my $text=shift; $text=~s{([\xc0-\xc3])(.)}{ my $hi = ord($1); my $lo = ord($2); chr((($hi & 0x03) <<6) | ($lo & 0x3F)) }ge; return $text; } sub html_encode { _use( 'HTML::Entities') or croak "cannot use html_encode: missing HTML::Entities"; return HTML::Entities::encode_entities($_[0] ); } sub safe_encode { my $str= shift; if( $] < 5.008) { # the no utf8 makes the regexp work in 5.6 $str =~ s{([\xC0-\xDF].|[\xE0-\xEF]..|[\xF0-\xFF]...)} {_XmlUtf8Decode($1)}egs; } else { $str= encode( ascii => $str, $FB_HTMLCREF); } return $str; } sub safe_encode_hex { my $str= shift; if( $] < 5.008) { # the no utf8 makes the regexp work in 5.6 $str =~ s{([\xC0-\xDF].|[\xE0-\xEF]..|[\xF0-\xFF]...)} {_XmlUtf8Decode($1, 1)}egs; } else { $str= encode( ascii => $str, $FB_XMLCREF); } return $str; } # this one shamelessly lifted from XML::DOM # does NOT work on 5.8.0 sub _XmlUtf8Decode { my ($str, $hex) = @_; my $len = length ($str); my $n; if ($len == 2) { my @n = unpack "C2", $str; $n = (($n[0] & 0x3f) << 6) + ($n[1] & 0x3f); } elsif ($len == 3) { my @n = unpack "C3", $str; $n = (($n[0] & 0x1f) << 12) + (($n[1] & 0x3f) << 6) + ($n[2] & 0x3f); } elsif ($len == 4) { my @n = unpack "C4", $str; $n = (($n[0] & 0x0f) << 18) + (($n[1] & 0x3f) << 12) + (($n[2] & 0x3f) << 6) + ($n[3] & 0x3f); } elsif ($len == 1) # just to be complete... { $n = ord ($str); } else { croak "bad value [$str] for _XmlUtf8Decode"; } my $char= $hex ? sprintf ("&#x%x;", $n) : "&#$n;"; return $char; } sub unicode_convert { my $enc= $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; # so the method can be called on the twig or directly _use( 'Unicode::Map8') or croak "Unicode::Map8 not available, needed for encoding filter: $!"; _use( 'Unicode::String') or croak "Unicode::String not available, needed for encoding filter: $!"; import Unicode::String qw(utf8); my $sub= eval qq{ { $NO_WARNINGS; my \$cnv; BEGIN { \$cnv= Unicode::Map8->new(\$enc) or croak "Can't create converter to \$enc"; } sub { return \$cnv->to8 (utf8(\$_[0])->ucs2); } } }; unless( $sub) { croak $@; } return $sub; } sub iconv_convert { my $enc= $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; # so the method can be called on the twig or directly _use( 'Text::Iconv') or croak "Text::Iconv not available, needed for encoding filter: $!"; my $sub= eval qq{ { $NO_WARNINGS; my \$cnv; BEGIN { \$cnv = Text::Iconv->new( 'utf8', \$enc) or croak "Can't create iconv converter to \$enc"; } sub { return \$cnv->convert( \$_[0]); } } }; unless( $sub) { if( $@=~ m{^Unsupported conversion: Invalid argument}) { croak "Unsupported encoding: $enc"; } else { croak $@; } } return $sub; } sub encode_convert { my $enc= $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; # so the method can be called on the twig or directly my $sub= eval qq{sub { $NO_WARNINGS; return encode( "$enc", \$_[0]); } }; croak "can't create Encode-based filter: $@" unless( $sub); return $sub; } # XML::XPath compatibility sub getRootNode { return $_[0]; } sub getParentNode { return undef; } sub getChildNodes { my @children= ($_[0]->root); return wantarray ? @children : \@children; } sub _weakrefs { return $weakrefs; } sub _dump { my $t= shift; my $dump=''; $dump="document\n"; # should dump twig level data here if( $t->root) { $dump .= $t->root->_dump( @_); } return $dump; } 1; ###################################################################### package XML::Twig::Entity_list; ###################################################################### *isa= *UNIVERSAL::isa; sub new { my $class = shift; my $self={ entities => {}, updated => 0}; bless $self, $class; return $self; } sub add_new_ent { my $ent_list= shift; my $ent= XML::Twig::Entity->new( @_); $ent_list->add( $ent); return $ent_list; } sub _add_list { my( $ent_list, $to_add)= @_; my $ents_to_add= $to_add->{entities}; return $ent_list unless( $ents_to_add && %$ents_to_add); @{$ent_list->{entities}}{keys %$ents_to_add}= values %$ents_to_add; $ent_list->{updated}=1; return $ent_list; } sub add { my( $ent_list, $ent)= @_; $ent_list->{entities}->{$ent->{name}}= $ent; $ent_list->{updated}=1; return $ent_list; } sub ent { my( $ent_list, $ent_name)= @_; return $ent_list->{entities}->{$ent_name}; } # can be called with an entity or with an entity name sub delete { my $ent_list= shift; if( isa( ref $_[0], 'XML::Twig::Entity')) { # the second arg is an entity my $ent= shift; delete $ent_list->{entities}->{$ent->{name}}; } else { # the second arg was not entity, must be a string then my $name= shift; delete $ent_list->{entities}->{$name}; } $ent_list->{updated}=1; return $ent_list; } sub print { my ($ent_list, $fh)= @_; my $old_select= defined $fh ? select $fh : undef; foreach my $ent_name ( sort keys %{$ent_list->{entities}}) { my $ent= $ent_list->{entities}->{$ent_name}; # we have to test what the entity is or un-defined entities can creep in if( isa( $ent, 'XML::Twig::Entity')) { $ent->print(); } } select $old_select if( defined $old_select); return $ent_list; } sub text { my ($ent_list)= @_; return join "\n", map { $ent_list->{entities}->{$_}->text} sort keys %{$ent_list->{entities}}; } # return the list of entity names sub entity_names { my $ent_list= shift; return (sort keys %{$ent_list->{entities}}) ; } sub list { my ($ent_list)= @_; return map { $ent_list->{entities}->{$_} } sort keys %{$ent_list->{entities}}; } 1; ###################################################################### package XML::Twig::Entity; ###################################################################### #*isa= *UNIVERSAL::isa; sub new { my( $class, $name, $val, $sysid, $pubid, $ndata, $param)= @_; $class= ref( $class) || $class; my $self={}; $self->{name} = $name; $self->{val} = $val if( defined $val ); $self->{sysid} = $sysid if( defined $sysid); $self->{pubid} = $pubid if( defined $pubid); $self->{ndata} = $ndata if( defined $ndata); $self->{param} = $param if( defined $param); bless $self, $class; return $self; } sub name { return $_[0]->{name}; } sub val { return $_[0]->{val}; } sub sysid { return defined( $_[0]->{sysid}) ? $_[0]->{sysid} : ''; } sub pubid { return defined( $_[0]->{pubid}) ? $_[0]->{pubid} : ''; } sub ndata { return defined( $_[0]->{ndata}) ? $_[0]->{ndata} : ''; } sub param { return defined( $_[0]->{param}) ? $_[0]->{param} : ''; } sub print { my ($ent, $fh)= @_; my $text= $ent->text; if( !defined( $text)) { $text=''; } if( $fh) { print $fh $text . "\n"; } else { print $text . "\n"; } } sub sprint { my ($ent)= @_; my $text= $ent->text; if( !defined( $text)) { $text=''; } return $text; } sub text { my ($ent)= @_; #warn "text called: '", $ent->_dump, "'\n"; return '' if( !$ent->{name}); my @tokens; push @tokens, '<!ENTITY'; push @tokens, '%' if( $ent->{param}); push @tokens, $ent->{name}; if( defined $ent->{val} && !defined( $ent->{sysid}) && !defined($ent->{pubid}) ) { push @tokens, _quoted_val( $ent->{val}); } elsif( defined $ent->{sysid}) { push @tokens, 'PUBLIC', _quoted_val( $ent->{pubid}) if( $ent->{pubid}); push @tokens, 'SYSTEM' unless( $ent->{pubid}); push @tokens, _quoted_val( $ent->{sysid}); push @tokens, 'NDATA', $ent->{ndata} if( $ent->{ndata}); } return join( ' ', @tokens) . '>'; } sub _quoted_val { my $q= $_[0]=~ m{"} ? q{'} : q{"}; return qq{$q$_[0]$q}; } sub _dump { my( $ent)= @_; return join( " - ", map { "$_ => '$ent->{$_}'" } grep { defined $ent->{$_} } sort keys %$ent); } 1; ###################################################################### package XML::Twig::Elt; ###################################################################### use Carp; *isa= *UNIVERSAL::isa; my $CDATA_START = "<![CDATA["; my $CDATA_END = "]]>"; my $PI_START = "<?"; my $PI_END = "?>"; my $COMMENT_START = "<!--"; my $COMMENT_END = "-->"; my $XMLNS_URI = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/'; BEGIN { # set some aliases for methods *tag = *gi; *name = *gi; *set_tag = *set_gi; *set_name = *set_gi; *find_nodes = *get_xpath; # as in XML::DOM *findnodes = *get_xpath; # as in XML::LibXML *field = *first_child_text; *trimmed_field = *first_child_trimmed_text; *is_field = *contains_only_text; *is = *passes; *matches = *passes; *has_child = *first_child; *has_children = *first_child; *all_children_pass = *all_children_are; *all_children_match= *all_children_are; *getElementsByTagName= *descendants; *find_by_tag_name= *descendants_or_self; *unwrap = *erase; *inner_xml = *xml_string; *outer_xml = *sprint; *first_child_is = *first_child_matches; *last_child_is = *last_child_matches; *next_sibling_is = *next_sibling_matches; *prev_sibling_is = *prev_sibling_matches; *next_elt_is = *next_elt_matches; *prev_elt_is = *prev_elt_matches; *parent_is = *parent_matches; *child_is = *child_matches; *inherited_att = *inherit_att; *sort_children_by_value= *sort_children_on_value; *has_atts= *att_nb; # imports from XML::Twig *_is_fh= *XML::Twig::_is_fh; # XML::XPath compatibility *string_value = *text; *toString = *sprint; *getName = *gi; *getRootNode = *twig; *getNextSibling = *_next_sibling; *getPreviousSibling = *_prev_sibling; *isElementNode = *is_elt; *isTextNode = *is_text; *isPI = *is_pi; *isPINode = *is_pi; *isProcessingInstructionNode= *is_pi; *isComment = *is_comment; *isCommentNode = *is_comment; *getTarget = *target; *getFirstChild = *_first_child; *getLastChild = *_last_child; # try using weak references # test whether we can use weak references { local $SIG{__DIE__}; if( eval 'require Scalar::Util' && defined( &Scalar::Util::weaken) ) { import Scalar::Util qw(weaken); } elsif( eval 'require WeakRef') { import WeakRef; } } } # can be called as XML::Twig::Elt->new( [[$gi, $atts, [@content]]) # - gi is an optional gi given to the element # - $atts is a hashref to attributes for the element # - @content is an optional list of text and elements that will # be inserted under the element sub new { my $class= shift; $class= ref $class || $class; my $elt = {}; bless ($elt, $class); return $elt unless @_; # if a gi is passed then use it my $gi= shift; $elt->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$gi} or $elt->set_gi( $gi); my $atts= ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? shift : undef; if( $atts && defined $atts->{$CDATA}) { delete $atts->{$CDATA}; my $cdata= $class->new( $CDATA => @_); return $class->new( $gi, $atts, $cdata); } if( $gi eq $PCDATA) { if( grep { ref $_ } @_) { croak "element $PCDATA can only be created from text"; } $elt->_set_pcdata( join( '', @_)); } elsif( $gi eq $ENT) { $elt->{ent}= shift; } elsif( $gi eq $CDATA) { if( grep { ref $_ } @_) { croak "element $CDATA can only be created from text"; } $elt->_set_cdata( join( '', @_)); } elsif( $gi eq $COMMENT) { if( grep { ref $_ } @_) { croak "element $COMMENT can only be created from text"; } $elt->_set_comment( join( '', @_)); } elsif( $gi eq $PI) { if( grep { ref $_ } @_) { croak "element $PI can only be created from text"; } $elt->_set_pi( shift, join( '', @_)); } else { # the rest of the arguments are the content of the element if( @_) { $elt->set_content( @_); } else { $elt->{empty}= 1; } } if( $atts) { # the attribute hash can be used to pass the asis status if( defined $atts->{$ASIS}) { $elt->set_asis( $atts->{$ASIS} ); delete $atts->{$ASIS}; } if( defined $atts->{$EMPTY}) { $elt->{empty}= $atts->{$EMPTY}; delete $atts->{$EMPTY}; } if( keys %$atts) { $elt->set_atts( $atts); } $elt->_set_id( $atts->{$ID}) if( $atts->{$ID}); } return $elt; } # optimized version of $elt->new( PCDATA, $text); sub _new_pcdata { my $class= $_[0]; $class= ref $class || $class; my $elt = {}; bless $elt, $class; $elt->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$PCDATA} or $elt->set_gi( $PCDATA); $elt->_set_pcdata( $_[1]); return $elt; } # this function creates an XM:::Twig::Elt from a string # it is quite clumsy at the moment, as it just creates a # new twig then returns its root # there might also be memory leaks there # additional arguments are passed to new XML::Twig sub parse { my $class= shift; if( ref( $class)) { $class= ref( $class); } my $string= shift; my %args= @_; my $t= XML::Twig->new(%args); $t->parse( $string); my $elt= $t->root; # clean-up the node delete $elt->{twig}; # get rid of the twig data delete $elt->{twig_current}; # better get rid of this too if( $t->{twig_id_list}) { $elt->{twig_id_list}= $t->{twig_id_list}; } return $elt; } sub set_inner_xml { my( $elt, $xml, @args)= @_; my $new_elt= $elt->parse( "<dummy>$xml</dummy>", @args); $elt->cut_children; $new_elt->paste_first_child( $elt); $new_elt->erase; return $elt; } sub set_inner_html { my( $elt, $html)= @_; my $t= XML::Twig->new->parse_html( "<html>$html</html>"); my $new_elt= $t->root; if( $elt->tag eq 'head') { $new_elt->first_child( 'head')->unwrap; $new_elt->first_child( 'body')->cut; } elsif( $elt->tag ne 'html') { $new_elt->first_child( 'head')->cut; $new_elt->first_child( 'body')->unwrap; } $new_elt->cut; $elt->cut_children; $new_elt->paste_first_child( $elt); $new_elt->erase; return $elt; } sub set_gi { my ($elt, $gi)= @_; unless( defined $XML::Twig::gi2index{$gi}) { # new gi, create entries in %gi2index and @index2gi push @XML::Twig::index2gi, $gi; $XML::Twig::gi2index{$gi}= $#XML::Twig::index2gi; } $elt->{gi}= $XML::Twig::gi2index{$gi}; return $elt; } sub gi { return $XML::Twig::index2gi[$_[0]->{gi}]; } sub local_name { my $elt= shift; return _local_name( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]); } sub ns_prefix { my $elt= shift; return _ns_prefix( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]); } # namespace prefix for any qname (can be used for elements or attributes) sub _ns_prefix { my $qname= shift; if( $qname=~ m{^([^:]*):}) { return $1; } else { return( ''); } # should it be '' ? } # local name for any qname (can be used for elements or attributes) sub _local_name { my $qname= shift; (my $local= $qname)=~ s{^[^:]*:}{}; return $local; } BEGIN { my %DEFAULT_NS= ( xml => "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace", xmlns => "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/", ); #sub get_namespace sub namespace ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my $elt= shift; my $prefix= defined $_[0] ? shift() : $elt->ns_prefix; my $ns_att= $prefix ? "xmlns:$prefix" : "xmlns"; my $expanded= $DEFAULT_NS{$prefix} || $elt->_inherit_att_through_cut( $ns_att) || ''; return $expanded; } sub declare_missing_ns ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my $root= shift; my %missing_prefix; my $map= $root->_current_ns_prefix_map; foreach my $prefix (keys %$map) { my $prefix_att= $prefix eq '#default' ? 'xmlns' : "xmlns:$prefix"; if( ! $root->{'att'}->{$prefix_att}) { $root->set_att( $prefix_att => $map->{$prefix}); } } return $root; } } sub _current_ns_prefix_map { my( $elt)= shift; my $map; while( $elt) { foreach my $att ($elt->att_names) { my $prefix= $att eq 'xmlns' ? '#default' : $att=~ m{^xmlns:(.*)$} ? $1 : next ; if( ! exists $map->{$prefix}) { $map->{$prefix}= $elt->{'att'}->{$att}; } } $elt= $elt->{parent} || $elt->former_parent; } return $map; } sub set_ns_decl { my( $elt, $uri, $prefix)= @_; my $ns_att= $prefix ? "xmlns:$prefix" : 'xmlns'; $elt->set_att( $ns_att => $uri); return $elt; } sub set_ns_as_default { my( $root, $uri)= @_; my @ns_decl_to_remove; foreach my $elt ($root->descendants_or_self) { if( $elt->_ns_prefix && $elt->namespace eq $uri) { $elt->set_tag( $elt->local_name); } # store any namespace declaration for that uri foreach my $ns_decl (grep { $_=~ m{xmlns(:|$)} && $elt->{'att'}->{$_} eq $uri } $elt->att_names) { push @ns_decl_to_remove, [$elt, $ns_decl]; } } $root->set_ns_decl( $uri); # now remove the ns declarations (if done earlier then descendants of an element with the ns declaration # are not considered being in the namespace foreach my $ns_decl_to_remove ( @ns_decl_to_remove) { my( $elt, $ns_decl)= @$ns_decl_to_remove; $elt->del_att( $ns_decl); } return $root; } # return #ELT for an element and #PCDATA... for others sub get_type { my $gi_nb= $_[0]->{gi}; # the number, not the string return $ELT if( $gi_nb >= $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI); return $_[0]->gi; } # return the gi if it's a "real" element, 0 otherwise sub is_elt { if( $_[0]->{gi} >= $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI) { return $_[0]->gi; } else { return 0; } } sub is_pcdata { my $elt= shift; return (exists $elt->{'pcdata'}); } sub is_cdata { my $elt= shift; return (exists $elt->{'cdata'}); } sub is_pi { my $elt= shift; return (exists $elt->{'target'}); } sub is_comment { my $elt= shift; return (exists $elt->{'comment'}); } sub is_ent { my $elt= shift; return (exists $elt->{ent} || $elt->{ent_name}); } sub is_text { my $elt= shift; return (exists( $elt->{'pcdata'}) || (exists $elt->{'cdata'})); } sub is_empty { return $_[0]->{empty} || 0; } sub set_empty { $_[0]->{empty}= defined( $_[1]) ? $_[1] : 1; return $_[0]; } sub set_not_empty { delete $_[0]->{empty} if( $_[0]->{'empty'}); return $_[0]; } sub set_asis { my $elt=shift; foreach my $descendant ($elt, $elt->_descendants ) { $descendant->{asis}= 1; if( (exists $descendant->{'cdata'})) { $descendant->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$PCDATA} or $descendant->set_gi( $PCDATA); $descendant->_set_pcdata( $descendant->{cdata}); } } return $elt; } sub set_not_asis { my $elt=shift; foreach my $descendant ($elt, $elt->descendants) { delete $descendant->{asis} if $descendant->{asis};} return $elt; } sub is_asis { return $_[0]->{asis}; } sub closed { my $elt= shift; my $t= $elt->twig || return; my $curr_elt= $t->{twig_current}; return 1 unless( $curr_elt); return $curr_elt->in( $elt); } sub set_pcdata { my( $elt, $pcdata)= @_; if( $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}) { _try_moving_extra_data( $elt, $pcdata); } $elt->{pcdata}= $pcdata; return $elt; } sub _extra_data_in_pcdata { return $_[0]->{extra_data_in_pcdata}; } sub _set_extra_data_in_pcdata { $_[0]->{extra_data_in_pcdata}= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub _del_extra_data_in_pcdata { delete $_[0]->{extra_data_in_pcdata}; return $_[0]; } sub _unshift_extra_data_in_pcdata { unshift @{shift()->{extra_data_in_pcdata}}, { text => shift(), offset => shift() }; } sub _push_extra_data_in_pcdata { push @{shift()->{extra_data_in_pcdata}}, { text => shift(), offset => shift() }; } sub _extra_data_before_end_tag { return $_[0]->{extra_data_before_end_tag} || ''; } sub _set_extra_data_before_end_tag { $_[0]->{extra_data_before_end_tag}= $_[1]; return $_[0]} sub _del_extra_data_before_end_tag { delete $_[0]->{extra_data_before_end_tag}; return $_[0]} sub _prefix_extra_data_before_end_tag { my( $elt, $data)= @_; if($elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}) { $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}= $data . $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}; } else { $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}= $data; } return $elt; } # internal, in cases where we know there is no extra_data (inlined anyway!) sub _set_pcdata { $_[0]->{pcdata}= $_[1]; } # try to figure out if we can keep the extra_data around sub _try_moving_extra_data { my( $elt, $modified)=@_; my $initial= $elt->{pcdata}; my $cpis= $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}; if( (my $offset= index( $modified, $initial)) != -1) { # text has been added foreach (@$cpis) { $_->{offset}+= $offset; } } elsif( ($offset= index( $initial, $modified)) != -1) { # text has been cut my $len= length( $modified); foreach my $cpi (@$cpis) { $cpi->{offset} -= $offset; } $elt->_set_extra_data_in_pcdata( [ grep { $_->{offset} >= 0 && $_->{offset} < $len } @$cpis ]); } else { _match_extra_data_words( $elt, $initial, $modified) || _match_extra_data_chars( $elt, $initial, $modified) || $elt->_del_extra_data_in_pcdata; } } sub _match_extra_data_words { my( $elt, $initial, $modified)= @_; my @initial= split /\b/, $initial; my @modified= split /\b/, $modified; return _match_extra_data( $elt, length( $initial), \@initial, \@modified); } sub _match_extra_data_chars { my( $elt, $initial, $modified)= @_; my @initial= split //, $initial; my @modified= split //, $modified; return _match_extra_data( $elt, length( $initial), \@initial, \@modified); } sub _match_extra_data { my( $elt, $length, $initial, $modified)= @_; my $cpis= $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}; if( @$initial <= @$modified) { my( $ok, $positions, $offsets)= _pos_offset( $initial, $modified); if( $ok) { my $offset=0; my $pos= shift @$positions; foreach my $cpi (@$cpis) { while( $cpi->{offset} >= $pos) { $offset= shift @$offsets; $pos= shift @$positions || $length +1; } $cpi->{offset} += $offset; } return 1; } } else { my( $ok, $positions, $offsets)= _pos_offset( $modified, $initial); if( $ok) { #print STDERR "pos: ", join( ':', @$positions), "\n", # "offset: ", join( ':', @$offsets), "\n"; my $offset=0; my $pos= shift @$positions; my $prev_pos= 0; foreach my $cpi (@$cpis) { while( $cpi->{offset} >= $pos) { $offset= shift @$offsets; $prev_pos= $pos; $pos= shift @$positions || $length +1; } $cpi->{offset} -= $offset; if( $cpi->{offset} < $prev_pos) { delete $cpi->{text}; } } $elt->_set_extra_data_in_pcdata( [ grep { exists $_->{text} } @$cpis ]); return 1; } } return 0; } sub _pos_offset { my( $short, $long)= @_; my( @pos, @offset); my( $s_length, $l_length)=(0,0); while (@$short) { my $s_word= shift @$short; my $l_word= shift @$long; if( $s_word ne $l_word) { while( @$long && $s_word ne $l_word) { $l_length += length( $l_word); $l_word= shift @$long; } if( !@$long && $s_word ne $l_word) { return 0; } push @pos, $s_length; push @offset, $l_length - $s_length; } my $length= length( $s_word); $s_length += $length; $l_length += $length; } return( 1, \@pos, \@offset); } sub append_pcdata { delete $_[0]->{empty}; $_[0]->{'pcdata'}.= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub pcdata { return $_[0]->{pcdata}; } sub append_extra_data { $_[0]->{extra_data}.= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub set_extra_data { $_[0]->{extra_data}= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub extra_data { return $_[0]->{extra_data} || ''; } sub set_target { my( $elt, $target)= @_; $elt->{target}= $target; return $elt; } sub target { return $_[0]->{target}; } sub set_data { $_[0]->{'data'}= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub data { return $_[0]->{data}; } sub set_pi { my $elt= shift; unless( $elt->{gi} == $XML::Twig::gi2index{$PI}) { $elt->cut_children; $elt->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$PI} or $elt->set_gi( $PI); } return $elt->_set_pi( @_); } sub _set_pi { $_[0]->{target}= $_[1]; $_[0]->{data}= $_[2]; return $_[0]; } sub pi_string { my $string= $PI_START . $_[0]->{target}; my $data= $_[0]->{data}; if( defined( $data) && $data ne '') { $string .= " $data"; } $string .= $PI_END ; return $string; } sub set_comment { my $elt= shift; unless( $elt->{gi} == $XML::Twig::gi2index{$COMMENT}) { $elt->cut_children; $elt->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$COMMENT} or $elt->set_gi( $COMMENT); } return $elt->_set_comment( @_); } sub _set_comment { $_[0]->{comment}= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub comment { return $_[0]->{comment}; } sub comment_string { return $COMMENT_START . $_[0]->{comment} . $COMMENT_END; } sub set_ent { $_[0]->{ent}= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub ent { return $_[0]->{ent}; } sub ent_name { return substr( $_[0]->{ent}, 1, -1);} sub set_cdata { my $elt= shift; unless( $elt->{gi} == $XML::Twig::gi2index{$CDATA}) { $elt->cut_children; $elt->insert_new_elt( first_child => $CDATA, @_); return $elt; } return $elt->_set_cdata( @_); } sub _set_cdata { delete $_[0]->{empty}; $_[0]->{cdata}= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub append_cdata { $_[0]->{cdata}.= $_[1]; return $_[0]; } sub cdata { return $_[0]->{cdata}; } sub contains_only_text { my $elt= shift; return 0 unless $elt->is_elt; foreach my $child ($elt->_children) { return 0 if $child->is_elt; } return $elt; } sub contains_only { my( $elt, $exp)= @_; my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; foreach my $child (@children) { return 0 unless $child->is( $exp); } return @children || 1; } sub contains_a_single { my( $elt, $exp)= @_; my $child= $elt->{first_child} or return 0; return 0 unless $child->passes( $exp); return 0 if( $child->{next_sibling}); return $child; } sub root { my $elt= shift; while( $elt->{parent}) { $elt= $elt->{parent}; } return $elt; } sub _root_through_cut { my $elt= shift; while( $elt->{parent} || $elt->former_parent) { $elt= $elt->{parent} || $elt->former_parent; } return $elt; } sub twig { my $elt= shift; my $root= $elt->root; return $root->{twig}; } sub _twig_through_cut { my $elt= shift; my $root= $elt->_root_through_cut; return $root->{twig}; } # returns undef or the element, depending on whether $elt passes $cond # $cond can be # - empty: the element passes the condition # - ELT ('#ELT'): the element passes the condition if it is a "real" element # - TEXT ('#TEXT'): the element passes if it is a CDATA or PCDATA element # - a string with an XPath condition (only a subset of XPath is actually # supported). # - a regexp: the element passes if its gi matches the regexp # - a code ref: the element passes if the code, applied on the element, # returns true my %cond_cache; # expression => coderef sub reset_cond_cache { %cond_cache=(); } { sub _install_cond { my $cond= shift; my $test; my $init=''; my $original_cond= $cond; my $not= ($cond=~ s{^\s*!}{}) ? '!' : ''; if( ref $cond eq 'CODE') { return $cond; } if( ref $cond eq 'Regexp') { $test = qq{(\$_[0]->gi=~ /$cond/)}; } else { # the condition is a string if( $cond eq $ELT) { $test = qq{\$_[0]->is_elt}; } elsif( $cond eq $TEXT) { $test = qq{\$_[0]->is_text}; } elsif( $cond=~ m{^\s*($REG_NAME_WC)\s*$}o) { $test= _gi_test( $1); } elsif( $cond=~ m{^\s*($REG_REGEXP)\s*$}o) { # /regexp/ $test = qq{ \$_[0]->gi=~ $1 }; } elsif( $cond=~ m{^\s*($REG_NAME_WC)?\s* # $1 \[\s*(-?)\s*(\d+)\s*\] # [$2] \s*$}xo ) { my( $gi, $neg, $index)= ($1, $2, $3); my $siblings= $neg ? q{$_[0]->_next_siblings} : q{$_[0]->_prev_siblings}; if( $gi && ($gi ne '*')) #{ $test= qq{((\$_[0]->gi eq "$gi") && (scalar( grep { \$_->gi eq "$gi" } $siblings) + 1 == $index))}; } { $test= _and( _gi_test( $gi), qq{ (scalar( grep { \$_->gi eq "$gi" } $siblings) + 1 == $index)}); } else { $test= qq{(scalar( $siblings) + 1 == $index)}; } } elsif( $cond=~ m{^\s*\.([\w-]+)\s*$}o) { # .class my $class= $1; $test = qq{(\$_[0]->in_class( "$class")) }; } elsif( $cond=~ m{^\s*($REG_NAME_WC?)\s*($REG_PREDICATE)\s*$}) { my( $gi, $predicate)= ( $1, $2); $test = _and( _gi_test( $gi), _parse_predicate_in_step( $predicate)); } elsif( $cond=~ m{^\s*($REG_NAKED_PREDICATE)\s*$}) { $test .= _parse_predicate_in_step( $1); } else { croak "wrong navigation condition '$original_cond' ($@)"; } } #warn "init: '$init' - test: '$test'\n"; my $sub= qq{sub { $NO_WARNINGS; $init; return $not($test) ? \$_[0] : undef; } }; my $s= eval $sub; #warn "cond: $cond\n$sub\n"; if( $@) { croak "wrong navigation condition '$original_cond' ($@);" } return $s; } sub _gi_test { my( $full_gi)= @_; # optimize if the gi exists, including the case where the gi includes a dot my $index= $XML::Twig::gi2index{$full_gi}; if( $index) { return qq{\$_[0]->{gi} == $index}; } my( $gi, $class)= $full_gi=~ m{^(.*?)(?:\.([^.]*))?$}; my $gi_test=''; if( $gi && $gi ne '*' ) { # 2 options, depending on whether the gi exists in gi2index # start optimization my $index= $XML::Twig::gi2index{$gi}; if( $index) { # the gi exists, use its index as a faster shortcut $gi_test = qq{\$_[0]->{gi} == $index}; } else # end optimization { # it does not exist (but might be created later), compare the strings $gi_test = qq{ \$_[0]->gi eq "$gi"}; } } else { $gi_test= 1; } my $class_test=''; #warn "class: '$class'"; if( $class) { $class_test = qq{ defined( \$_[0]->{att}->{class}) && \$_[0]->{att}->{class}=~ m{\\b$class\\b} }; } #warn "gi_test: '$gi_test' - class_test: '$class_test' returning ", _and( $gi_test, $class_test); return _and( $gi_test, $class_test); } # input: the original predicate sub _parse_predicate_in_step { my $cond= shift; my %PERL_ALPHA_TEST= ( '=' => ' eq ', '!=' => ' ne ', '>' => ' gt ', '>=' => ' ge ', '<' => ' lt ', '<=' => ' le '); $cond=~ s{^\s*\[\s*}{}; $cond=~ s{\s*\]\s*$}{}; $cond=~ s{( ($REG_STRING|$REG_REGEXP) # strings or regexps |\@($REG_NAME)(?=\s*(?:[><=!]|!~|=~)) # @att (followed by a comparison operator) |\@($REG_NAME) # @att (not followed by a comparison operator) |=~|!~ # matching operators |([><]=?|=|!=)(?=\s*[\d+-]) # test before a number |([><]=?|=|!=) # test, other cases |($REG_FUNCTION) # no arg functions # this bit is a mess, but it is the only solution with this half-baked parser |((?:string|text)\(\s*$REG_NAME\s*\)\s*$REG_MATCH\s*$REG_REGEXP) # string( child) =~ /regexp/ |((?:string|text)\(\s*$REG_NAME\s*\)\s*!?=\s*$REG_VALUE) # string( child) = "value" (or !=) |((?:string|text)\(\s*$REG_NAME\s*\)\s*[<>]=?\s*$REG_VALUE) # string( child) > "value" |(and|or) )} { my( $token, $string, $att, $bare_att, $num_test, $alpha_test, $func, $string_regexp, $string_eq, $string_test, $and_or) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11); if( defined $string) { $token } elsif( $att) { "( \$_[0]->{att} && exists( \$_[0]->{att}->{'$att'}) && \$_[0]->{att}->{'$att'})"; } elsif( $bare_att) { "(\$_[0]->{att} && defined( \$_[0]->{att}->{'$bare_att'}))"; } elsif( $num_test && ($num_test eq '=') ) { "==" } # others tests are unchanged elsif( $alpha_test) { $PERL_ALPHA_TEST{$alpha_test} } elsif( $func && $func=~ m{^(?:string|text)}) { "\$_[0]->text"; } elsif( $string_regexp && $string_regexp =~ m{(?:string|text)\(\s*($REG_NAME)\s*\)\s*($REG_MATCH)\s*($REG_REGEXP)}) { "(XML::Twig::_first_n { (\$_->gi eq '$1') && (\$_->text $2 $3) } 1, \$_[0]->_children)"; } elsif( $string_eq && $string_eq =~ m{(?:string|text)\(\s*($REG_NAME)\s*\)\s*(!?=)\s*($REG_VALUE)}) {"(XML::Twig::_first_n { (\$_->gi eq '$1') && (\$_->text $PERL_ALPHA_TEST{$2} $3) } 1, \$_[0]->_children)"; } elsif( $string_test && $string_test =~ m{(?:string|text)\(\s*($REG_NAME)\s*\)\s*([<>]=?)\s*($REG_VALUE)}) { "(XML::Twig::_first_n { (\$_->gi eq '$1') && (\$_->text $2 $3) } 1, \$_[0]->_children)"; } elsif( $and_or) { $and_or eq 'and' ? '&&' : '||' ; } else { $token; } }gexs; return "($cond)"; } sub _op { my $op= shift; if( $op eq '=') { $op= 'eq'; } elsif( $op eq '!=') { $op= 'ne'; } return $op; } sub passes { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; return $elt unless $cond; my $sub= ($cond_cache{$cond} ||= _install_cond( $cond)); return $sub->( $elt); } } sub set_parent { $_[0]->{parent}= $_[1]; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $_[0]->{parent}); } } sub parent { my $elt= shift; my $cond= shift || return $elt->{parent}; do { $elt= $elt->{parent} || return; } until (!$elt || $elt->passes( $cond)); return $elt; } sub set_first_child { delete $_[0]->{empty}; $_[0]->{'first_child'}= $_[1]; } sub first_child { my $elt= shift; my $cond= shift || return $elt->{first_child}; my $child= $elt->{first_child}; my $test_cond= ($cond_cache{$cond} ||= _install_cond( $cond)); while( $child && !$test_cond->( $child)) { $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } return $child; } sub _first_child { return $_[0]->{first_child}; } sub _last_child { return $_[0]->{last_child}; } sub _next_sibling { return $_[0]->{next_sibling}; } sub _prev_sibling { return $_[0]->{prev_sibling}; } sub _parent { return $_[0]->{parent}; } sub _next_siblings { my $elt= shift; my @siblings; while( $elt= $elt->{next_sibling}) { push @siblings, $elt; } return @siblings; } sub _prev_siblings { my $elt= shift; my @siblings; while( $elt= $elt->{prev_sibling}) { push @siblings, $elt; } return @siblings; } # sets a field # arguments $record, $cond, @content sub set_field { my $record = shift; my $cond = shift; my $child= $record->first_child( $cond); if( $child) { $child->set_content( @_); } else { if( $cond=~ m{^\s*($REG_NAME)}) { my $gi= $1; $child= $record->insert_new_elt( last_child => $gi, @_); } else { croak "can't create a field name from $cond"; } } return $child; } sub set_last_child { delete $_[0]->{empty}; $_[0]->{'last_child'}= $_[1]; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $_[0]->{'last_child'}); } } sub last_child { my $elt= shift; my $cond= shift || return $elt->{last_child}; my $test_cond= ($cond_cache{$cond} ||= _install_cond( $cond)); my $child= $elt->{last_child}; while( $child && !$test_cond->( $child) ) { $child= $child->{prev_sibling}; } return $child } sub set_prev_sibling { $_[0]->{'prev_sibling'}= $_[1]; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $_[0]->{'prev_sibling'}); } } sub prev_sibling { my $elt= shift; my $cond= shift || return $elt->{prev_sibling}; my $test_cond= ($cond_cache{$cond} ||= _install_cond( $cond)); my $sibling= $elt->{prev_sibling}; while( $sibling && !$test_cond->( $sibling) ) { $sibling= $sibling->{prev_sibling}; } return $sibling; } sub set_next_sibling { $_[0]->{'next_sibling'}= $_[1]; } sub next_sibling { my $elt= shift; my $cond= shift || return $elt->{next_sibling}; my $test_cond= ($cond_cache{$cond} ||= _install_cond( $cond)); my $sibling= $elt->{next_sibling}; while( $sibling && !$test_cond->( $sibling) ) { $sibling= $sibling->{next_sibling}; } return $sibling; } # methods dealing with the class attribute, convenient if you work with xhtml sub class { my( $elt)= @_; return $elt->{'att'}->{'class'}; } sub set_class { my( $elt, $class)= @_; $elt->set_att( class => $class); } # adds a class to an element sub add_to_class { my( $elt, $new_class)= @_; return $elt unless $new_class; my $class= $elt->class; my %class= $class ? map { $_ => 1 } split /\s+/, $class : (); $class{$new_class}= 1; $elt->set_class( join( ' ', sort keys %class)); } sub att_to_class { my( $elt, $att)= @_; $elt->set_class( $elt->{'att'}->{$att}); } sub add_att_to_class { my( $elt, $att)= @_; $elt->add_to_class( $elt->{'att'}->{$att}); } sub move_att_to_class { my( $elt, $att)= @_; $elt->add_to_class( $elt->{'att'}->{$att}); $elt->del_att( $att); } sub tag_to_class { my( $elt)= @_; $elt->set_class( $elt->tag); } sub add_tag_to_class { my( $elt)= @_; $elt->add_to_class( $elt->tag); } sub set_tag_class { my( $elt, $new_tag)= @_; $elt->add_tag_to_class; $elt->set_tag( $new_tag); } sub tag_to_span { my( $elt)= @_; $elt->set_class( $elt->tag) unless( $elt->tag eq 'span' && $elt->class); # set class to span unless it would mean replacing it with span $elt->set_tag( 'span'); } sub tag_to_div { my( $elt)= @_; $elt->set_class( $elt->tag) unless( $elt->tag eq 'div' && $elt->class); # set class to div unless it would mean replacing it with div $elt->set_tag( 'div'); } sub in_class { my( $elt, $class)= @_; my $elt_class= $elt->class; return unless( defined $elt_class); return $elt->class=~ m{(?:^|\s)\Q$class\E(?:\s|$)} ? $elt : 0; } # get or set all attributes # argument can be a hash or a hashref sub set_atts { my $elt= shift; my %atts; tie %atts, 'Tie::IxHash' if( keep_atts_order()); %atts= ( (ref( $_[0] || '') eq 'HASH') || isa( $_[0] || '', 'HASH')) ? %{$_[0]} : @_; $elt->{att}= \%atts; if( exists $atts{$ID}) { $elt->_set_id( $atts{$ID}); } return $elt; } sub atts { return $_[0]->{att}; } sub att_names { return (sort keys %{$_[0]->{att}}); } sub del_atts { $_[0]->{att}={}; return $_[0]; } # get or set a single attribute (set works for several atts) sub set_att { my $elt= shift; if( $_[0] && ref( $_[0]) && !$_[1]) { croak "improper call to set_att, usage is \$elt->set_att( att1 => 'val1', att2 => 'val2',...)"; } unless( $elt->{att}) { $elt->{att}={}; tie %{$elt->{att}}, 'Tie::IxHash' if( keep_atts_order()); } while(@_) { my( $att, $val)= (shift, shift); $elt->{att}->{$att}= $val; if( $att eq $ID) { $elt->_set_id( $val); } } return $elt; } sub att { return $_[0]->{att}->{$_[1]}; } sub del_att { my $elt= shift; while( @_) { delete $elt->{'att'}->{shift()}; } return $elt; } sub att_exists { return exists $_[0]->{att}->{$_[1]}; } # delete an attribute from all descendants of an element sub strip_att { my( $elt, $att)= @_; $_->del_att( $att) foreach ($elt->descendants_or_self( qq{*[\@$att]})); return $elt; } sub change_att_name { my( $elt, $old_name, $new_name)= @_; my $value= $elt->{'att'}->{$old_name}; return $elt unless( defined $value); $elt->del_att( $old_name) ->set_att( $new_name => $value); return $elt; } sub lc_attnames { my $elt= shift; foreach my $att ($elt->att_names) { if( $att ne lc $att) { $elt->change_att_name( $att, lc $att); } } return $elt; } sub set_twig_current { $_[0]->{twig_current}=1; } sub del_twig_current { delete $_[0]->{twig_current}; } # get or set the id attribute sub set_id { my( $elt, $id)= @_; $elt->del_id() if( exists $elt->{att}->{$ID}); $elt->set_att($ID, $id); $elt->_set_id( $id); return $elt; } # only set id, does not update the attribute value sub _set_id { my( $elt, $id)= @_; my $t= $elt->twig || $elt; $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}= $elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}); } return $elt; } sub id { return $_[0]->{att}->{$ID}; } # methods used to add ids to elements that don't have one BEGIN { my $id_nb = "0001"; my $id_seed = "twig_id_"; sub set_id_seed ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { $id_seed= $_[1]; $id_nb=1; } sub add_id ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my $elt= shift; if( defined $elt->{'att'}->{$ID}) { return $elt->{'att'}->{$ID}; } else { my $id= $_[0] && ref( $_[0]) && isa( $_[0], 'CODE') ? $_[0]->( $elt) : $id_seed . $id_nb++; $elt->set_id( $id); return $id; } } } # delete the id attribute and remove the element from the id list sub del_id { my $elt= shift; unless( exists $elt->{'att'}) { return $elt }; unless( exists $elt->{'att'}->{$ID}) { return $elt }; my $id= $elt->{'att'}->{$ID}; delete $elt->{'att'}->{$ID}; my $t= shift || $elt->twig; unless( $t) { return $elt; } if( exists $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}) { delete $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}; } return $elt; } # return the list of children sub children { my $elt= shift; my @children; my $child= $elt->first_child( @_); while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->next_sibling( @_); } return @children; } sub _children { my $elt= shift; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } return @children; } sub children_copy { my $elt= shift; my @children; my $child= $elt->first_child( @_); while( $child) { push @children, $child->copy; $child= $child->next_sibling( @_); } return @children; } sub children_count { my $elt= shift; my $cond= shift; my $count=0; my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { $count++ if( $child->passes( $cond)); $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } return $count; } sub children_text { my $elt= shift; return wantarray() ? map { $_->text} $elt->children( @_) : join( '', map { $_->text} $elt->children( @_) ) ; } sub children_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; return wantarray() ? map { $_->trimmed_text} $elt->children( @_) : join( '', map { $_->trimmed_text} $elt->children( @_) ) ; } sub all_children_are { my( $parent, $cond)= @_; foreach my $child ($parent->_children) { return 0 unless( $child->passes( $cond)); } return 1; } sub ancestors { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; my @ancestors; while( $elt->{parent}) { $elt= $elt->{parent}; push @ancestors, $elt if( $elt->passes( $cond)); } return @ancestors; } sub ancestors_or_self { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; my @ancestors; while( $elt) { push @ancestors, $elt if( $elt->passes( $cond)); $elt= $elt->{parent}; } return @ancestors; } sub _ancestors { my( $elt, $include_self)= @_; my @ancestors= $include_self ? ($elt) : (); while( $elt= $elt->{parent}) { push @ancestors, $elt; } return @ancestors; } sub inherit_att { my $elt= shift; my $att= shift; my %tags= map { ($_, 1) } @_; do { if( (defined $elt->{'att'}->{$att}) && ( !%tags || $tags{$XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]}) ) { return $elt->{'att'}->{$att}; } } while( $elt= $elt->{parent}); return undef; } sub _inherit_att_through_cut { my $elt= shift; my $att= shift; my %tags= map { ($_, 1) } @_; do { if( (defined $elt->{'att'}->{$att}) && ( !%tags || $tags{$XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]}) ) { return $elt->{'att'}->{$att}; } } while( $elt= $elt->{parent} || $elt->former_parent); return undef; } sub current_ns_prefixes { my $elt= shift; my %prefix; $prefix{''}=1 if( $elt->namespace( '')); while( $elt) { my @ns= grep { !m{^xml} } map { m{^([^:]+):} } ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], $elt->att_names); $prefix{$_}=1 foreach (@ns); $elt= $elt->{parent}; } return (sort keys %prefix); } # kinda counter-intuitive actually: # the next element is found by looking for the next open tag after from the # current one, which is the first child, if it exists, or the next sibling # or the first next sibling of an ancestor # optional arguments are: # - $subtree_root: a reference to an element, when the next element is not # within $subtree_root anymore then next_elt returns undef # - $cond: a condition, next_elt returns the next element matching the condition sub next_elt { my $elt= shift; my $subtree_root= 0; $subtree_root= shift if( ref( $_[0]) && isa( $_[0], 'XML::Twig::Elt')); my $cond= shift; my $next_elt; my $ind; # optimization my $test_cond; if( $cond) # optimization { unless( defined( $ind= $XML::Twig::gi2index{$cond}) ) # optimization { $test_cond= ($cond_cache{$cond} ||= _install_cond( $cond)); } # optimization } # optimization do { if( $next_elt= $elt->{first_child}) { # simplest case: the elt has a child } elsif( $next_elt= $elt->{next_sibling}) { # no child but a next sibling (just check we stay within the subtree) # case where elt is subtree_root, is empty and has a sibling return undef if( $subtree_root && ($elt == $subtree_root)); } else { # case where the element has no child and no next sibling: # get the first next sibling of an ancestor, checking subtree_root # case where elt is subtree_root, is empty and has no sibling return undef if( $subtree_root && ($elt == $subtree_root)); $next_elt= $elt->{parent}; until( $next_elt->{next_sibling}) { return undef if( $subtree_root && ($subtree_root == $next_elt)); $next_elt= $next_elt->{parent} || return undef; } return undef if( $subtree_root && ($subtree_root == $next_elt)); $next_elt= $next_elt->{next_sibling}; } $elt= $next_elt; # just in case we need to loop } until( ! defined $elt || ! defined $cond || (defined $ind && ($elt->{gi} eq $ind)) # optimization || (defined $test_cond && ($test_cond->( $elt))) ); return $elt; } # return the next_elt within the element # just call next_elt with the element as first and second argument sub first_descendant { return $_[0]->next_elt( @_); } # get the last descendant, # then return the element found or call prev_elt with the condition sub last_descendant { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; my $last_descendant= $elt->_last_descendant; if( !$cond || $last_descendant->matches( $cond)) { return $last_descendant; } else { return $last_descendant->prev_elt( $elt, $cond); } } # no argument allowed here, just go down the last_child recursively sub _last_descendant { my $elt= shift; while( my $child= $elt->{last_child}) { $elt= $child; } return $elt; } # counter-intuitive too: # the previous element is found by looking # for the first open tag backwards from the current one # it's the last descendant of the previous sibling # if it exists, otherwise it's simply the parent sub prev_elt { my $elt= shift; my $subtree_root= 0; if( defined $_[0] and (ref( $_[0]) && isa( $_[0], 'XML::Twig::Elt'))) { $subtree_root= shift ; return undef if( $elt == $subtree_root); } my $cond= shift; # get prev elt my $prev_elt; do { return undef if( $elt == $subtree_root); if( $prev_elt= $elt->{prev_sibling}) { while( $prev_elt->{last_child}) { $prev_elt= $prev_elt->{last_child}; } } else { $prev_elt= $elt->{parent} || return undef; } $elt= $prev_elt; # in case we need to loop } until( $elt->passes( $cond)); return $elt; } sub _following_elt { my( $elt)= @_; while( $elt && !$elt->{next_sibling}) { $elt= $elt->{parent}; } return $elt ? $elt->{next_sibling} : undef; } sub following_elt { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; $elt= $elt->_following_elt || return undef; return $elt if( !$cond || $elt->matches( $cond)); return $elt->next_elt( $cond); } sub following_elts { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; if( !$cond) { undef $cond; } my $following= $elt->following_elt( $cond); if( $following) { my @followings= $following; while( $following= $following->next_elt( $cond)) { push @followings, $following; } return( @followings); } else { return (); } } sub _preceding_elt { my( $elt)= @_; while( $elt && !$elt->{prev_sibling}) { $elt= $elt->{parent}; } return $elt ? $elt->{prev_sibling}->_last_descendant : undef; } sub preceding_elt { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; $elt= $elt->_preceding_elt || return undef; return $elt if( !$cond || $elt->matches( $cond)); return $elt->prev_elt( $cond); } sub preceding_elts { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; if( !$cond) { undef $cond; } my $preceding= $elt->preceding_elt( $cond); if( $preceding) { my @precedings= $preceding; while( $preceding= $preceding->prev_elt( $cond)) { push @precedings, $preceding; } return( @precedings); } else { return (); } } # used in get_xpath sub _self { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; return $cond ? $elt->matches( $cond) : $elt; } sub next_n_elt { my $elt= shift; my $offset= shift || return undef; foreach (1..$offset) { $elt= $elt->next_elt( @_) || return undef; } return $elt; } # checks whether $elt is included in $ancestor, returns 1 in that case sub in { my ($elt, $ancestor)= @_; if( ref( $ancestor) && isa( $ancestor, 'XML::Twig::Elt')) { # element while( $elt= $elt->{parent}) { return $elt if( $elt == $ancestor); } } else { # condition while( $elt= $elt->{parent}) { return $elt if( $elt->matches( $ancestor)); } } return 0; } sub first_child_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->first_child(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub fields { my $elt= shift; return map { $elt->field( $_) } @_; } sub first_child_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->first_child(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub first_child_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->{first_child} or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub last_child_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->last_child(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub last_child_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->last_child(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub last_child_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->{last_child} or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub child_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->child(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub child_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->child(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub child_matches { my $elt= shift; my $nb= shift; my $dest= $elt->child( $nb) or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub prev_sibling_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->_prev_sibling(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub prev_sibling_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->_prev_sibling(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub prev_sibling_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->{prev_sibling} or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub next_sibling_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->next_sibling(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub next_sibling_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->next_sibling(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub next_sibling_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->{next_sibling} or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub prev_elt_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->prev_elt(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub prev_elt_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->prev_elt(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub prev_elt_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->prev_elt or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub next_elt_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->next_elt(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub next_elt_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->next_elt(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub next_elt_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->next_elt or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub parent_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->parent(@_) or return ''; return $dest->text; } sub parent_trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $dest=$elt->parent(@_) or return ''; return $dest->trimmed_text; } sub parent_matches { my $elt= shift; my $dest= $elt->{parent} or return undef; return $dest->passes( @_); } sub is_first_child { my $elt= shift; my $parent= $elt->{parent} or return 0; my $first_child= $parent->first_child( @_) or return 0; return ($first_child == $elt) ? $elt : 0; } sub is_last_child { my $elt= shift; my $parent= $elt->{parent} or return 0; my $last_child= $parent->last_child( @_) or return 0; return ($last_child == $elt) ? $elt : 0; } # returns the depth level of the element # if 2 parameter are used then counts the 2cd element name in the # ancestors list sub level { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; my $level=0; my $name=shift || ''; while( $elt= $elt->{parent}) { $level++ if( !$cond || $elt->matches( $cond)); } return $level; } # checks whether $elt has an ancestor that satisfies $cond, returns the ancestor sub in_context { my ($elt, $cond, $level)= @_; $level= -1 unless( $level) ; # $level-- will never hit 0 while( $level) { $elt= $elt->{parent} or return 0; if( $elt->matches( $cond)) { return $elt; } $level--; } return 0; } sub _descendants { my( $subtree_root, $include_self)= @_; my @descendants= $include_self ? ($subtree_root) : (); my $elt= $subtree_root; my $next_elt; MAIN: while( 1) { if( $next_elt= $elt->{first_child}) { # simplest case: the elt has a child } elsif( $next_elt= $elt->{next_sibling}) { # no child but a next sibling (just check we stay within the subtree) # case where elt is subtree_root, is empty and has a sibling last MAIN if( $elt == $subtree_root); } else { # case where the element has no child and no next sibling: # get the first next sibling of an ancestor, checking subtree_root # case where elt is subtree_root, is empty and has no sibling last MAIN if( $elt == $subtree_root); # backtrack until we find a parent with a next sibling $next_elt= $elt->{parent} || last; until( $next_elt->{next_sibling}) { last MAIN if( $subtree_root == $next_elt); $next_elt= $next_elt->{parent} || last MAIN; } last MAIN if( $subtree_root == $next_elt); $next_elt= $next_elt->{next_sibling}; } $elt= $next_elt || last MAIN; push @descendants, $elt; } return @descendants; } sub descendants { my( $subtree_root, $cond)= @_; my @descendants=(); my $elt= $subtree_root; # this branch is pure optimization for speed: if $cond is a gi replace it # by the index of the gi and loop here # start optimization my $ind; if( !$cond || ( defined ( $ind= $XML::Twig::gi2index{$cond})) ) { my $next_elt; while( 1) { if( $next_elt= $elt->{first_child}) { # simplest case: the elt has a child } elsif( $next_elt= $elt->{next_sibling}) { # no child but a next sibling (just check we stay within the subtree) # case where elt is subtree_root, is empty and has a sibling last if( $subtree_root && ($elt == $subtree_root)); } else { # case where the element has no child and no next sibling: # get the first next sibling of an ancestor, checking subtree_root # case where elt is subtree_root, is empty and has no sibling last if( $subtree_root && ($elt == $subtree_root)); # backtrack until we find a parent with a next sibling $next_elt= $elt->{parent} || last undef; until( $next_elt->{next_sibling}) { last if( $subtree_root && ($subtree_root == $next_elt)); $next_elt= $next_elt->{parent} || last; } last if( $subtree_root && ($subtree_root == $next_elt)); $next_elt= $next_elt->{next_sibling}; } $elt= $next_elt || last; push @descendants, $elt if( !$cond || ($elt->{gi} eq $ind)); } } else # end optimization { # branch for a complex condition: use the regular (slow but simple) way while( $elt= $elt->next_elt( $subtree_root, $cond)) { push @descendants, $elt; } } return @descendants; } sub descendants_or_self { my( $elt, $cond)= @_; my @descendants= $elt->passes( $cond) ? ($elt) : (); push @descendants, $elt->descendants( $cond); return @descendants; } sub sibling { my $elt= shift; my $nb= shift; if( $nb > 0) { foreach( 1..$nb) { $elt= $elt->next_sibling( @_) or return undef; } } elsif( $nb < 0) { foreach( 1..(-$nb)) { $elt= $elt->prev_sibling( @_) or return undef; } } else # $nb == 0 { return $elt->passes( $_[0]); } return $elt; } sub sibling_text { my $elt= sibling( @_); return $elt ? $elt->text : undef; } sub child { my $elt= shift; my $nb= shift; if( $nb >= 0) { $elt= $elt->first_child( @_) or return undef; foreach( 1..$nb) { $elt= $elt->next_sibling( @_) or return undef; } } else { $elt= $elt->last_child( @_) or return undef; foreach( 2..(-$nb)) { $elt= $elt->prev_sibling( @_) or return undef; } } return $elt; } sub prev_siblings { my $elt= shift; my @siblings=(); while( $elt= $elt->prev_sibling( @_)) { unshift @siblings, $elt; } return @siblings; } sub pos { my $elt= shift; return 0 if ($_[0] && !$elt->matches( @_)); my $pos=1; $pos++ while( $elt= $elt->prev_sibling( @_)); return $pos; } sub next_siblings { my $elt= shift; my @siblings=(); while( $elt= $elt->next_sibling( @_)) { push @siblings, $elt; } return @siblings; } # used by get_xpath: parses the xpath expression and generates a sub that performs the # search { my %axis2method; BEGIN { %axis2method= ( child => 'children', descendant => 'descendants', 'descendant-or-self' => 'descendants_or_self', parent => 'parent_is', ancestor => 'ancestors', 'ancestor-or-self' => 'ancestors_or_self', 'following-sibling' => 'next_siblings', 'preceding-sibling' => 'prev_siblings', following => 'following_elts', preceding => 'preceding_elts', self => '_self', ); } sub _install_xpath { my( $xpath_exp, $type)= @_; my $original_exp= $xpath_exp; my $sub= 'my $elt= shift; my @results;'; # grab the root if expression starts with a / if( $xpath_exp=~ s{^/}{}) { $sub .= '@results= ($elt->twig) || croak "cannot use an XPath query starting with a / on a node not attached to a whole twig";'; } elsif( $xpath_exp=~ s{^\./}{}) { $sub .= '@results= ($elt);'; } else { $sub .= '@results= ($elt);'; } #warn "xpath_exp= '$xpath_exp'\n"; while( $xpath_exp && $xpath_exp=~s{^\s*(/?) # the xxx=~/regexp/ is a pain as it includes / (\s*(?:(?:($REG_AXIS)::)?(\*|$REG_NAME|\.\.|\.)\s*)?($REG_PREDICATE_ALT*) ) (/|$)}{}xo) { my( $wildcard, $sub_exp, $axis, $gi, $predicates)= ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5); # grab a parent if( $sub_exp eq '..') { _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath( $original_exp, "error in xpath expression $original_exp") if( $wildcard); $sub .= '@results= map { $_->{parent}} @results;'; } # test the element itself elsif( $sub_exp=~ m{^\.(.*)$}s) { $sub .= "\@results= grep { \$_->matches( q{$1}) } \@results;" } # grab children else { if( !$axis) { $axis= $wildcard ? 'descendant' : 'child'; } if( !$gi or $gi eq '*') { $gi=''; } my $function; # "special" predicates, that return just one element if( $predicates && ($predicates =~ m{^\s*\[\s*((-\s*)?\d+)\s*\]\s*$})) { # [<nb>] my $offset= $1; $offset-- if( $offset > 0); $function= $axis eq 'descendant' ? "next_n_elt( $offset, '$gi')" : $axis eq 'child' ? "child( $offset, '$gi')" : _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath( $original_exp, "error [$1] not supported along axis '$axis'") ; $sub .= "\@results= grep { \$_ } map { \$_->$function } \@results;" } elsif( $predicates && ($predicates =~ m{^\s*\[\s*last\s*\(\s*\)\s*\]\s*$}) ) { # last() _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath( $original_exp, "error in xpath expression $original_exp, usage of // and last() not supported") if( $wildcard); $sub .= "\@results= map { \$_->last_child( '$gi') } \@results;"; } else { # follow the axis #warn "axis: '$axis' - method: '$axis2method{$axis}' - gi: '$gi'\n"; my $follow_axis= " \$_->$axis2method{$axis}( '$gi')"; my $step= $follow_axis; # now filter using the predicate while( $predicates=~ s{^\s*($REG_PREDICATE_ALT)\s*}{}o) { my $pred= $1; $pred=~ s{^\s*\[\s*}{}; $pred=~ s{\s*\]\s*$}{}; my $test=""; my $pos; if( $pred=~ m{^(-?\s*\d+)$}) { my $pos= $1; if( $step=~ m{^\s*grep(.*) (\$_->\w+\(\s*'[^']*'\s*\))}) { $step= "XML::Twig::_first_n $1 $pos, $2"; } else { if( $pos > 0) { $pos--; } $step= "($step)[$pos]"; } #warn "number predicate '$pos' - generated step '$step'\n"; } else { my $syntax_error=0; do { if( $pred =~ s{^string\(\s*\)\s*=\s*($REG_STRING)\s*}{}o) # string()="string" pred { $test .= "\$_->text eq $1"; } elsif( $pred =~ s{^string\(\s*\)\s*($REG_MATCH)\s*($REG_REGEXP)\s*}{}o) # string()=~/regex/ pred { my( $match, $regexp)= ($1, $2); $test .= "\$_->text $match $regexp"; } elsif( $pred=~ s{^@($REG_NAME)\s*($REG_OP)\s*($REG_STRING|$REG_NUMBER)}{}o) # @att="val" pred { my( $att, $oper, $val)= ($1, _op( $2), $3); $test .= qq{((defined \$_->{'att'}->{"$att"}) && (\$_->{'att'}->{"$att"} $oper $val))}; } elsif( $pred =~ s{^@($REG_NAME)\s*($REG_MATCH)\s*($REG_REGEXP)\s*}{}o) # @att=~/regex/ pred XXX { my( $att, $match, $regexp)= ($1, $2, $3); $test .= qq{((defined \$_->{'att'}->{"$att"}) && (\$_->{'att'}->{"$att"} $match $regexp))};; } elsif( $pred=~ s{^@($REG_NAME)\s*}{}o) # @att pred { $test .= qq{(defined \$_->{'att'}->{"$1"})}; } elsif( $pred=~ s{^\s*(?:not|!)\s*@($REG_NAME)\s*}{}o) # not @att pred { $test .= qq{((\$_->is_elt) && (not defined \$_->{'att'}->{"$1"}))}; } elsif( $pred=~ s{^\s*([()])}{}) # ( or ) (just add to the test) { $test .= qq{$1}; } elsif( $pred=~ s{^\s*(and|or)\s*}{}) { $test .= lc " $1 "; } else { $syntax_error=1; } } while( !$syntax_error && $pred); _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath( $original_exp, "error in xpath expression $original_exp at $pred") if( $pred); $step= " grep { $test } $step "; } } #warn "step: '$step'"; $sub .= "\@results= grep { \$_ } map { $step } \@results;"; } } } if( $xpath_exp) { _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath( $original_exp, "error in xpath expression $original_exp around $xpath_exp"); } $sub .= q{return XML::Twig::_unique_elts( @results); }; #warn "generated: '$sub'\n"; my $s= eval "sub { $NO_WARNINGS; $sub }"; if( $@) { _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath( $original_exp, "error in xpath expression $original_exp ($@);") } return( $s); } } sub _croak_and_doublecheck_xpath { my $xpath_expression= shift; my $mess= join( "\n", @_); if( $XML::Twig::XPath::VERSION || 0) { my $check_twig= XML::Twig::XPath->new; if( eval { $check_twig->{twig_xp}->_parse( $xpath_expression) }) { $mess .= "\nthe expression is a valid XPath statement, and you are using XML::Twig::XPath, but" . "\nyou are using either 'find_nodes' or 'get_xpath' where the method you likely wanted" . "\nto use is 'findnodes', which is the only one that uses the full XPath engine\n"; } } croak $mess; } { # extremely elaborate caching mechanism my %xpath; # xpath_expression => subroutine_code; sub get_xpath { my( $elt, $xpath_exp, $offset)= @_; my $sub= ($xpath{$xpath_exp} ||= _install_xpath( $xpath_exp)); return $sub->( $elt) unless( defined $offset); my @res= $sub->( $elt); return $res[$offset]; } } sub findvalue { my $elt= shift; return join '', map { $_->text } $elt->get_xpath( @_); } # XML::XPath compatibility sub getElementById { return $_[0]->twig->elt_id( $_[1]); } sub getChildNodes { my @children= do { my $elt= $_[0]; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; return wantarray ? @children : \@children; } sub _flushed { return $_[0]->{flushed}; } sub _set_flushed { $_[0]->{flushed}=1; } sub _del_flushed { delete $_[0]->{flushed}; } sub cut { my $elt= shift; my( $parent, $prev_sibling, $next_sibling, $last_elt); # you can't cut the root, sorry unless( $parent= $elt->{parent}) { return; } # save the old links, that'll make it easier for some loops foreach my $link ( qw(parent prev_sibling next_sibling) ) { $elt->{former}->{$link}= $elt->{$link}; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{former}->{$link}); } } # it we cut the current element then its parent becomes the current elt if( $elt->{twig_current}) { my $twig_current= $elt->{parent}; my $t= $elt->twig; $t->{twig_current}= $twig_current; $twig_current->{'twig_current'}=1; delete $elt->{'twig_current'}; } if( $parent->{first_child} == $elt) { $parent->{first_child}= $elt->{next_sibling}; unless( $elt->{next_sibling}) { $parent->{empty}= 1; } } if( $parent->{last_child} == $elt) { delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt->{prev_sibling}; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; } if( $prev_sibling= $elt->{prev_sibling}) { $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt->{next_sibling}; } if( $next_sibling= $elt->{next_sibling}) { $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$elt->{prev_sibling}; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; } $elt->{parent}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; $elt->{prev_sibling}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; $elt->{next_sibling}= undef; if( $prev_sibling && $next_sibling && $prev_sibling->is_text && ( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$prev_sibling->{'gi'}] eq $XML::Twig::index2gi[$next_sibling->{'gi'}])) { $prev_sibling->merge_text( $next_sibling); } return $elt; } sub former_next_sibling { return $_[0]->{former}->{next_sibling}; } sub former_prev_sibling { return $_[0]->{former}->{prev_sibling}; } sub former_parent { return $_[0]->{former}->{parent}; } sub cut_children { my( $elt, $exp)= @_; my @children= $elt->children( $exp); foreach (@children) { $_->cut; } return @children; } sub erase { my $elt= shift; #you cannot erase the current element if( $elt->{twig_current}) { croak "trying to erase an element before it has been completely parsed"; } unless( $elt->{parent}) { # trying to erase the root (of a twig or of a cut/new element) my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; unless( @children == 1) { croak "can only erase an element with no parent if it has a single child"; } $elt->_move_extra_data_after_erase; my $child= shift @children; $child->{parent}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $child->{parent});} ; my $twig= $elt->twig; $twig->set_root( $child); } else { # normal case $elt->_move_extra_data_after_erase; my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; if( @children) { # elt has children, move them up my $first_child= $elt->{first_child}; my $prev_sibling=$elt->{prev_sibling}; if( $prev_sibling) { # connect first child to previous sibling $first_child->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $first_child->{prev_sibling});} ; $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $first_child; } else { # elt was the first child $elt->{parent}->set_first_child( $first_child); } my $last_child= $elt->{last_child}; my $next_sibling= $elt->{next_sibling}; if( $next_sibling) { # connect last child to next sibling $last_child->{next_sibling}= $next_sibling; $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$last_child; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; } else { # elt was the last child $elt->{parent}->set_last_child( $last_child); } # update parent for all siblings foreach my $child (@children) { $child->{parent}=$elt->{parent}; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $child->{parent});} ; } # merge consecutive text elements if need be if( $prev_sibling && $prev_sibling->is_text && ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$first_child->{'gi'}] eq $XML::Twig::index2gi[$prev_sibling->{'gi'}]) ) { $prev_sibling->merge_text( $first_child); } if( $next_sibling && $next_sibling->is_text && ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$last_child->{'gi'}] eq $XML::Twig::index2gi[$next_sibling->{'gi'}]) ) { $last_child->merge_text( $next_sibling); } # if parsing and have now a PCDATA text, mark so we can normalize later on if need be if( $elt->{parent}->{twig_current} && $elt->{last_child}->is_text) { $elt->{parent}->{twig_to_be_normalized}=1; } # elt is not referenced any more, so it will be DESTROYed # so we'd better break the links to its children undef $elt->{first_child}; undef $elt->{last_child}; undef $elt->{parent}; undef $elt->{prev_sibling}; undef $elt->{next_sibling}; } { # elt had no child, delete it $elt->delete; } } return $elt; } sub _move_extra_data_after_erase { my( $elt)= @_; # extra_data if( my $extra_data= $elt->{extra_data}) { my $target= $elt->{first_child} || $elt->{next_sibling}; if( $target) { if( $target->is( $ELT)) { $target->set_extra_data( $extra_data . ($target->extra_data || '')); } elsif( $target->is( $TEXT)) { $target->_unshift_extra_data_in_pcdata( $extra_data, 0); } # TO CHECK } else { my $parent= $elt->{parent}; # always exists or the erase cannot be performed $parent->_prefix_extra_data_before_end_tag( $extra_data); } } # extra_data_before_end_tag if( my $extra_data= $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}) { if( my $target= $elt->{next_sibling}) { if( $target->is( $ELT)) { $target->set_extra_data( $extra_data . ($target->extra_data || '')); } elsif( $target->is( $TEXT)) { $target->_unshift_extra_data_in_pcdata( $extra_data, 0); } } elsif( my $parent= $elt->{parent}) { $parent->_prefix_extra_data_before_end_tag( $extra_data); } } return $elt; } BEGIN { my %method= ( before => \&paste_before, after => \&paste_after, first_child => \&paste_first_child, last_child => \&paste_last_child, within => \&paste_within, ); # paste elt somewhere around ref # pos can be first_child (default), last_child, before, after or within sub paste ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { my $elt= shift; if( $elt->{parent}) { croak "cannot paste an element that belongs to a tree"; } my $pos; my $ref; if( ref $_[0]) { $pos= 'first_child'; croak "wrong argument order in paste, should be $_[1] first" if($_[1]); } else { $pos= shift; } if( my $method= $method{$pos}) { unless( ref( $_[0]) && isa( $_[0], 'XML::Twig::Elt')) { if( ! defined( $_[0])) { croak "missing target in paste"; } elsif( ! ref( $_[0])) { croak "wrong target type in paste (not a reference), should be XML::Twig::Elt or a subclass"; } else { my $ref= ref $_[0]; croak "wrong target type in paste: '$ref', should be XML::Twig::Elt or a subclass"; } } $ref= $_[0]; # check here so error message lists the caller file/line if( !$ref->{parent} && ($pos=~ m{^(before|after)$}) && !(exists $elt->{'target'}) && !(exists $elt->{'comment'})) { croak "cannot paste $1 root"; } $elt->$method( @_); } else { croak "tried to paste in wrong position '$pos', allowed positions " . " are 'first_child', 'last_child', 'before', 'after' and " . "'within'"; } if( (my $ids= $elt->{twig_id_list}) && (my $t= $ref->twig) ) { $t->{twig_id_list}||={}; foreach my $id (keys %$ids) { $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}= $ids->{$id}; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $t->{twig_id_list}->{$id}); } } } return $elt; } sub paste_before { my( $elt, $ref)= @_; my( $parent, $prev_sibling, $next_sibling ); # trying to paste before an orphan (root or detached wlt) unless( $ref->{parent}) { if( my $t= $ref->twig) { if( (exists $elt->{'comment'}) || (exists $elt->{'target'})) # we can still do this { $t->_add_cpi_outside_of_root( leading_cpi => $elt); return; } else { croak "cannot paste before root"; } } else { croak "cannot paste before an orphan element"; } } $parent= $ref->{parent}; $prev_sibling= $ref->{prev_sibling}; $next_sibling= $ref; $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; if( $parent->{first_child} == $ref) { $parent->{first_child}= $elt; } if( $prev_sibling) { $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt; } $elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; $elt->{next_sibling}= $ref; return $elt; } sub paste_after { my( $elt, $ref)= @_; my( $parent, $prev_sibling, $next_sibling ); # trying to paste after an orphan (root or detached wlt) unless( $ref->{parent}) { if( my $t= $ref->twig) { if( (exists $elt->{'comment'}) || (exists $elt->{'target'})) # we can still do this { $t->_add_cpi_outside_of_root( trailing_cpi => $elt); return; } else { croak "cannot paste after root"; } } else { croak "cannot paste after an orphan element"; } } $parent= $ref->{parent}; $prev_sibling= $ref; $next_sibling= $ref->{next_sibling}; $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; if( $parent->{last_child}== $ref) { delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; } $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt; $elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; if( $next_sibling) { $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; } $elt->{next_sibling}= $next_sibling; return $elt; } sub paste_first_child { my( $elt, $ref)= @_; my( $parent, $prev_sibling, $next_sibling ); $parent= $ref; $next_sibling= $ref->{first_child}; delete $ref->{empty}; $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; $parent->{first_child}= $elt; unless( $parent->{last_child}) { delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; } $elt->{prev_sibling}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; if( $next_sibling) { $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; } $elt->{next_sibling}= $next_sibling; return $elt; } sub paste_last_child { my( $elt, $ref)= @_; my( $parent, $prev_sibling, $next_sibling ); $parent= $ref; $prev_sibling= $ref->{last_child}; delete $ref->{empty}; $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; unless( $parent->{first_child}) { $parent->{first_child}= $elt; } $elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; if( $prev_sibling) { $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt; } $elt->{next_sibling}= undef; return $elt; } sub paste_within { my( $elt, $ref, $offset)= @_; my $text= $ref->is_text ? $ref : $ref->next_elt( $TEXT, $ref); my $new= $text->split_at( $offset); $elt->paste_before( $new); return $elt; } } # load an element into a structure similar to XML::Simple's sub simplify { my $elt= shift; # normalize option names my %options= @_; %options= map { my ($key, $val)= ($_, $options{$_}); $key=~ s{(\w)([A-Z])}{$1_\L$2}g; $key => $val } keys %options; # check options my @allowed_options= qw( keyattr forcearray noattr content_key var var_regexp variables var_attr group_tags forcecontent normalise_space normalize_space ); my %allowed_options= map { $_ => 1 } @allowed_options; foreach my $option (keys %options) { carp "invalid option $option\n" unless( $allowed_options{$option}); } $options{normalise_space} ||= $options{normalize_space} || 0; $options{content_key} ||= 'content'; if( $options{content_key}=~ m{^-}) { # need to remove the - and to activate extra folding $options{content_key}=~ s{^-}{}; $options{extra_folding}= 1; } else { $options{extra_folding}= 0; } $options{forcearray} ||=0; if( isa( $options{forcearray}, 'ARRAY')) { my %forcearray_tags= map { $_ => 1 } @{$options{forcearray}}; $options{forcearray_tags}= \%forcearray_tags; $options{forcearray}= 0; } $options{keyattr} ||= ['name', 'key', 'id']; if( ref $options{keyattr} eq 'ARRAY') { foreach my $keyattr (@{$options{keyattr}}) { my( $prefix, $att)= ($keyattr=~ m{^([+-])?(.*)}); $prefix ||= ''; $options{key_for_all}->{$att}= 1; $options{remove_key_for_all}->{$att}=1 unless( $prefix eq '+'); $options{prefix_key_for_all}->{$att}=1 if( $prefix eq '-'); } } elsif( ref $options{keyattr} eq 'HASH') { while( my( $elt, $keyattr)= each %{$options{keyattr}}) { my( $prefix, $att)= ($keyattr=~ m{^([+-])?(.*)}); $prefix ||=''; $options{key_for_elt}->{$elt}= $att; $options{remove_key_for_elt}->{"$elt#$att"}=1 unless( $prefix); $options{prefix_key_for_elt}->{"$elt#$att"}=1 if( $prefix eq '-'); } } $options{var}||= $options{var_attr}; # for compat with XML::Simple if( $options{var}) { $options{var_values}= {}; } else { $options{var}=''; } if( $options{variables}) { $options{var}||= 1; $options{var_values}= $options{variables}; } if( $options{var_regexp} and !$options{var}) { warn "var option not used, var_regexp option ignored\n"; } $options{var_regexp} ||= '\$\{?(\w+)\}?'; $elt->_simplify( \%options); } sub _simplify { my( $elt, $options)= @_; my $data; my $gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; my %atts= $options->{noattr} || !$elt->{att} ? () : %{$elt->{att}}; my $nb_atts= keys %atts; my $nb_children= $elt->children_count + $nb_atts; my %nb_children; foreach (@children) { $nb_children{$_->tag}++; } foreach (keys %atts) { $nb_children{$_}++; } my $arrays; # tag => array where elements are stored # store children foreach my $child (@children) { if( $child->is_text) { # generate with a content key my $text= $elt->_text_with_vars( $options); if( $options->{normalise_space} >= 2) { $text= _normalize_space( $text); } if( $options->{force_content} || $nb_atts || (scalar @children > 1) ) { $data->{$options->{content_key}}= $text; } else { $data= $text; } } else { # element with sub elements my $child_gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$child->{'gi'}]; my $child_data= $child->_simplify( $options); # first see if we need to simplify further the child data # simplify because of grouped tags if( my $grouped_tag= $options->{group_tags}->{$child_gi}) { # check that the child data is a hash with a single field unless( (ref( $child_data) eq 'HASH') && (keys %$child_data == 1) && defined ( my $grouped_child_data= $child_data->{$grouped_tag}) ) { croak "error in grouped tag $child_gi"; } else { $child_data= $grouped_child_data; } } # simplify because of extra folding if( $options->{extra_folding}) { if( (ref( $child_data) eq 'HASH') && (keys %$child_data == 1) && defined( my $content= $child_data->{$options->{content_key}}) ) { $child_data= $content; } } if( my $keyatt= $child->_key_attr( $options)) { # simplify element with key my $key= $child->{'att'}->{$keyatt}; if( $options->{normalise_space} >= 1) { $key= _normalize_space( $key); } $data->{$child_gi}->{$key}= $child_data; } elsif( $options->{forcearray} || $options->{forcearray_tags}->{$child_gi} || ( $nb_children{$child_gi} > 1) ) { # simplify element to store in an array $data->{$child_gi} ||= []; push @{$data->{$child_gi}}, $child_data; } else { # simplify element to store as a hash field $data->{$child_gi}= $child_data; } } } # store atts # TODO: deal with att that already have an element by that name foreach my $att (keys %atts) { # do not store if the att is a key that needs to be removed if( $options->{remove_key_for_all}->{$att} || $options->{remove_key_for_elt}->{"$gi#$att"} ) { next; } my $att_text= $options->{var} ? _replace_vars_in_text( $atts{$att}, $options) : $atts{$att} ; if( $options->{normalise_space} >= 2) { $att_text= _normalize_space( $att_text); } if( $options->{prefix_key_for_all}->{$att} || $options->{prefix_key_for_elt}->{"$gi#$att"} ) { # prefix the att $data->{"-$att"}= $att_text; } else { # normal case $data->{$att}= $att_text; } } return $data; } sub _key_attr { my( $elt, $options)=@_; return if( $options->{noattr}); if( $options->{key_for_all}) { foreach my $att ($elt->att_names) { if( $options->{key_for_all}->{$att}) { return $att; } } } elsif( $options->{key_for_elt}) { if( my $key_for_elt= $options->{key_for_elt}->{$XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]} ) { return $key_for_elt if( defined( $elt->{'att'}->{$key_for_elt})); } } return; } sub _text_with_vars { my( $elt, $options)= @_; my $text; if( $options->{var}) { $text= _replace_vars_in_text( $elt->text, $options); $elt->_store_var( $options); } else { $text= $elt->text; } return $text; } sub _normalize_space { my $text= shift; $text=~ s{\s+}{ }sg; $text=~ s{^\s}{}; $text=~ s{\s$}{}; return $text; } sub att_nb { return 0 unless( my $atts= $_[0]->{att}); return scalar keys %$atts; } sub has_no_atts { return 1 unless( my $atts= $_[0]->{att}); return scalar keys %$atts ? 0 : 1; } sub _replace_vars_in_text { my( $text, $options)= @_; $text=~ s{($options->{var_regexp})} { if( defined( my $value= $options->{var_values}->{$2})) { $value } else { warn "unknown variable $2\n"; $1 } }gex; return $text; } sub _store_var { my( $elt, $options)= @_; if( defined (my $var_name= $elt->{'att'}->{$options->{var}})) { $options->{var_values}->{$var_name}= $elt->text; } } # split a text element at a given offset sub split_at { my( $elt, $offset)= @_; my $text_elt= $elt->is_text ? $elt : $elt->first_child( $TEXT) || return ''; my $string= $text_elt->text; my $left_string= substr( $string, 0, $offset); my $right_string= substr( $string, $offset); $text_elt->set_pcdata( $left_string); my $new_elt= $elt->new( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], $right_string); $new_elt->paste( after => $elt); return $new_elt; } # split an element or its text descendants into several, in place # all elements (new and untouched) are returned sub split { my $elt= shift; my @text_chunks; my @result; if( $elt->is_text) { @text_chunks= ($elt); } else { @text_chunks= $elt->descendants( $TEXT); } foreach my $text_chunk (@text_chunks) { push @result, $text_chunk->_split( 1, @_); } return @result; } # split an element or its text descendants into several, in place # created elements (those which match the regexp) are returned sub mark { my $elt= shift; my @text_chunks; my @result; if( $elt->is_text) { @text_chunks= ($elt); } else { @text_chunks= $elt->descendants( $TEXT); } foreach my $text_chunk (@text_chunks) { push @result, $text_chunk->_split( 0, @_); } return @result; } # split a single text element # return_all defines what is returned: if it is true # only returns the elements created by matches in the split regexp # otherwise all elements (new and untouched) are returned { sub _split { my $elt= shift; my $return_all= shift; my $regexp= shift; my @tags; while( my $tag= shift()) { if( ref $_[0]) { push @tags, { tag => $tag, atts => shift }; } else { push @tags, { tag => $tag }; } } unless( @tags) { @tags= { tag => $elt->{parent}->gi }; } my @result; # the returned list of elements my $text= $elt->text; my $gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; # 2 uses: if split matches then the first substring reuses $elt # once a split has occured then the last match needs to be put in # a new element my $previous_match= 0; while( my( $pre_match, @matches)= $text=~ /^(.*?)$regexp(.*)$/gcs) { $text= pop @matches; if( $previous_match) { # match, not the first one, create a new text ($gi) element _utf8_ify( $pre_match) if( $[ < 5.010); $elt= $elt->insert_new_elt( after => $gi, $pre_match); push @result, $elt if( $return_all); } else { # first match in $elt, re-use $elt for the first sub-string _utf8_ify( $pre_match) if( $[ < 5.010); $elt->set_text( $pre_match); $previous_match++; # store the fact that there was a match push @result, $elt if( $return_all); } # now deal with matches captured in the regexp if( @matches) { # match, with capture my $i=0; foreach my $match (@matches) { # create new element, text is the match _utf8_ify( $match) if( $[ < 5.010); my $tag = $tags[$i]->{tag}; my $atts = \%{$tags[$i]->{atts}} || {}; $elt= $elt->insert_new_elt( after => $tag, $atts, $match); push @result, $elt; $i= ($i + 1) % @tags; } } else { # match, no captures my $tag = $tags[0]->{tag}; my $atts = \%{$tags[0]->{atts}} || {}; $elt= $elt->insert_new_elt( after => $tag, $atts); push @result, $elt; } } if( $previous_match && $text) { # there was at least 1 match, and there is text left after the match $elt= $elt->insert_new_elt( after => $gi, $text); } push @result, $elt if( $return_all); return @result; # return all elements } # evil hack needed as sometimes my $encode_is_loaded=0; # so we only load Encode once sub _utf8_ify { if( $] >= 5.008 and $] < 5.010 and !_keep_encoding()) { unless( $encode_is_loaded) { require Encode; import Encode; $encode_is_loaded++; } Encode::_utf8_on( $_[0]); # the flag should be set but is not } } } { my %replace_sub; # cache for complex expressions (expression => sub) sub subs_text { my( $elt, $regexp, $replace)= @_; my $replacement_string; my $is_string= _is_string( $replace); foreach my $text_elt ($elt->descendants_or_self( $TEXT)) { if( $is_string) { my $text= $text_elt->text; $text=~ s{$regexp}{ _replace_var( $replace, $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9)}egx; $text_elt->set_text( $text); } else { my $replace_sub= ( $replace_sub{$replace} ||= _install_replace_sub( $replace)); my $text= $text_elt->text; my $pos=0; # used to skip text that was previously matched while( my( $pre_match_string, $match_string, @var)= ($text=~ m{(.*?)($regexp)}sg)) { my $match_start = length( $pre_match_string); my $match = $text_elt->split_at( $match_start + $pos); my $match_length = length( $match_string); my $post_match = $match->split_at( $match_length); $replace_sub->( $match, @var); # merge previous text with current one my $next_sibling; if( ($next_sibling= $text_elt->{next_sibling}) && ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$text_elt->{'gi'}] eq $XML::Twig::index2gi[$next_sibling->{'gi'}]) ) { $text_elt->merge_text( $next_sibling); } # if the match is at the beginning of the text an empty #PCDATA is left: remove it if( !$text_elt->text) { $text_elt->delete; } # go to next $text_elt= $post_match; $text= $post_match->text; # merge last text element with next one if needed, # the match will be against the non-matched text, # so $pos is used to skip the merged part my $prev_sibling; if( ($prev_sibling= $post_match->{prev_sibling}) && ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$post_match->{'gi'}] eq $XML::Twig::index2gi[$prev_sibling->{'gi'}]) ) { $pos= length( $prev_sibling->text); $prev_sibling->merge_text( $post_match); } # if the match is at the end of the text an empty #PCDATA is left: remove it if( !$text_elt->text) { $text_elt->delete; } } } } return $elt; } sub _is_string { return ($_[0]=~ m{&e[ln]t}) ? 0: 1 } sub _replace_var { my( $string, @var)= @_; unshift @var, undef; $string=~ s{\$(\d)}{$var[$1]}g; return $string; } sub _install_replace_sub { my $replace_exp= shift; my @item= split m{(&e[ln]t\s*\([^)]*\))}, $replace_exp; my $sub= q{ my( $match, @var)= @_; unshift @var, undef; my $new; }; my( $gi, $exp); foreach my $item (@item) { if( $item=~ m{^&elt\s*\(([^)]*)\)}) { $exp= $1; } elsif( $item=~ m{^&ent\s*\(\s*([^\s)]*)\s*\)}) { $exp= " '#ENT' => $1"; } else { $exp= qq{ '#PCDATA' => "$item"}; } $exp=~ s{\$(\d)}{\$var[$1]}g; # replace references to matches $sub.= qq{ \$new= \$match->new( $exp); }; $sub .= q{ $new->paste( before => $match); }; } $sub .= q{ $match->delete; }; #$sub=~ s/;/;\n/g; my $coderef= eval "sub { $NO_WARNINGS; $sub }"; if( $@) { croak( "invalid replacement expression $replace_exp: ",$@); } return $coderef; } } sub merge_text { my( $e1, $e2)= @_; croak "invalid merge: can only merge 2 elements" unless( isa( $e2, 'XML::Twig::Elt')); croak "invalid merge: can only merge 2 text elements" unless( $e1->is_text && $e2->is_text && ($e1->gi eq $e2->gi)); my $text1= $e1->text; if( ! defined $text1) { $text1= ''; } my $text2= $e2->text; if( ! defined $text2) { $text2= ''; } $e1->set_text( $text1 . $text2); my $extra_data= $e1->_extra_data_before_end_tag . $e2->extra_data; if( $extra_data) { $e1->_del_extra_data_before_end_tag; $e1->_push_extra_data_in_pcdata( $extra_data, length( $text1)); } if( $extra_data= $e2->_extra_data_in_pcdata) { foreach my $data (@$extra_data) { $e1->_push_extra_data_in_pcdata( $data->{text}, $data->{offset} + length( $text1)); } } if( my $extra_data_before_end_tag= $e2->_extra_data_before_end_tag) { $e1->_set_extra_data_before_end_tag( $extra_data_before_end_tag); } $e2->delete; return $e1; } sub merge { my( $e1, $e2)= @_; my @e2_children= $e2->_children; if( $e1->_last_child && $e1->_last_child->is_pcdata && @e2_children && $e2_children[0]->is_pcdata ) { $e1->_last_child->{pcdata} .= $e2_children[0]->{pcdata}; shift @e2_children; } foreach my $e (@e2_children) { $e->move( last_child => $e1); } $e2->delete; return $e1; } # recursively copy an element and returns the copy (can be huge and long) sub copy { my $elt= shift; my $copy= $elt->new( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]); if( $elt->extra_data) { $copy->set_extra_data( $elt->extra_data); } if( $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}) { $copy->_set_extra_data_before_end_tag( $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}); } if( $elt->is_asis) { $copy->set_asis; } $copy->{empty}= $elt->{'empty'}; # do not swap or speedup will mess up this if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'})) { $copy->set_pcdata( $elt->{pcdata}); if( $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}) { $copy->_set_extra_data_in_pcdata( $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}); } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { $copy->_set_cdata( $elt->{cdata}); if( $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}) { $copy->_set_extra_data_in_pcdata( $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}); } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'target'})) { $copy->_set_pi( $elt->{target}, $elt->{data}); } elsif( (exists $elt->{'comment'})) { $copy->_set_comment( $elt->{comment}); } elsif( (exists $elt->{'ent'})) { $copy->{ent}= $elt->{ent}; } else { my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; if( my $atts= $elt->{att}) { my %atts; tie %atts, 'Tie::IxHash' if (keep_atts_order()); %atts= %{$atts}; # we want to do a real copy of the attributes $copy->set_atts( \%atts); } foreach my $child (@children) { my $child_copy= $child->copy; $child_copy->paste( 'last_child', $copy); } } # save links to the original location, which can be convenient and is used for namespace resolution foreach my $link ( qw(parent prev_sibling next_sibling) ) { $copy->{former}->{$link}= $elt->{$link}; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $copy->{former}->{$link}); } } return $copy; } sub delete { my $elt= shift; $elt->cut; $elt->DESTROY unless( $XML::Twig::weakrefs); return undef; } { sub DESTROY { my $elt= shift; return if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs); my $t= shift || $elt->twig; # optional argument, passed in recursive calls foreach( @{[$elt->_children]}) { $_->DESTROY( $t); } # the id reference needs to be destroyed # lots of tests to avoid warnings during the cleanup phase $elt->del_id( $t) if( $ID && $t && defined( $elt->{att}) && exists( $elt->{att}->{$ID})); undef $elt; } } # ignores the element sub ignore { my $elt= shift; my $t= $elt->twig; $t->ignore( $elt, @_); } BEGIN { my $pretty = 0; my $quote = '"'; my $INDENT = ' '; my $empty_tag_style = 0; my $remove_cdata = 0; my $keep_encoding = 0; my $expand_external_entities = 0; my $keep_atts_order = 0; my $do_not_escape_amp_in_atts = 0; my $WRAP = '80'; my $REPLACED_ENTS = qq{&<}; my ($NSGMLS, $NICE, $INDENTED, $INDENTEDCT, $INDENTEDC, $WRAPPED, $RECORD1, $RECORD2, $INDENTEDA)= (1..9); my %KEEP_TEXT_TAG_ON_ONE_LINE= map { $_ => 1 } ( $INDENTED, $INDENTEDCT, $INDENTEDC, $INDENTEDA, $WRAPPED); my %pretty_print_style= ( none => 0, # no added \n nsgmls => $NSGMLS, # nsgmls-style, \n in tags # below this line styles are UNSAFE (the generated XML can be well-formed but invalid) nice => $NICE, # \n after open/close tags except when the # element starts with text indented => $INDENTED, # nice plus idented indented_close_tag => $INDENTEDCT, # nice plus idented indented_c => $INDENTEDC, # slightly more compact than indented (closing # tags are on the same line) wrapped => $WRAPPED, # text is wrapped at column record_c => $RECORD1, # for record-like data (compact) record => $RECORD2, # for record-like data (not so compact) indented_a => $INDENTEDA, # nice, indented, and with attributes on separate # lines as the nsgmls style, as well as wrapped # lines - to make the xml friendly to line-oriented tools cvs => $INDENTEDA, # alias for indented_a ); my ($HTML, $EXPAND)= (1..2); my %empty_tag_style= ( normal => 0, # <tag/> html => $HTML, # <tag /> xhtml => $HTML, # <tag /> expand => $EXPAND, # <tag></tag> ); my %quote_style= ( double => '"', single => "'", # smart => "smart", ); my $xml_space_preserve; # set when an element includes xml:space="preserve" my $output_filter; # filters the entire output (including < and >) my $output_text_filter; # filters only the text part (tag names, attributes, pcdata) my $replaced_ents= $REPLACED_ENTS; # returns those pesky "global" variables so you can switch between twigs sub global_state ## no critic (Subroutines::ProhibitNestedSubs); { return { pretty => $pretty, quote => $quote, indent => $INDENT, empty_tag_style => $empty_tag_style, remove_cdata => $remove_cdata, keep_encoding => $keep_encoding, expand_external_entities => $expand_external_entities, output_filter => $output_filter, output_text_filter => $output_text_filter, keep_atts_order => $keep_atts_order, do_not_escape_amp_in_atts => $do_not_escape_amp_in_atts, wrap => $WRAP, replaced_ents => $replaced_ents, }; } # restores the global variables sub set_global_state { my $state= shift; $pretty = $state->{pretty}; $quote = $state->{quote}; $INDENT = $state->{indent}; $empty_tag_style = $state->{empty_tag_style}; $remove_cdata = $state->{remove_cdata}; $keep_encoding = $state->{keep_encoding}; $expand_external_entities = $state->{expand_external_entities}; $output_filter = $state->{output_filter}; $output_text_filter = $state->{output_text_filter}; $keep_atts_order = $state->{keep_atts_order}; $do_not_escape_amp_in_atts = $state->{do_not_escape_amp_in_atts}; $WRAP = $state->{wrap}; $replaced_ents = $state->{replaced_ents}, } # sets global state to defaults sub init_global_state { set_global_state( { pretty => 0, quote => '"', indent => $INDENT, empty_tag_style => 0, remove_cdata => 0, keep_encoding => 0, expand_external_entities => 0, output_filter => undef, output_text_filter => undef, keep_atts_order => undef, do_not_escape_amp_in_atts => 0, wrap => $WRAP, replaced_ents => $REPLACED_ENTS, }); } # set the pretty_print style (in $pretty) and returns the old one # can be called from outside the package with 2 arguments (elt, style) # or from inside with only one argument (style) # the style can be either a string (one of the keys of %pretty_print_style # or a number (presumably an old value saved) sub set_pretty_print { my $style= lc( defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]); # so we cover both cases my $old_pretty= $pretty; if( $style=~ /^\d+$/) { croak "invalid pretty print style $style" unless( $style < keys %pretty_print_style); $pretty= $style; } else { croak "invalid pretty print style '$style'" unless( exists $pretty_print_style{$style}); $pretty= $pretty_print_style{$style}; } if( ($pretty == $WRAPPED) || ($pretty == $INDENTEDA) ) { XML::Twig::_use( 'Text::Wrap') or croak( "Text::Wrap not available, cannot use 'wrapped' style"); } return $old_pretty; } sub _pretty_print { return $pretty; } # set the empty tag style (in $empty_tag_style) and returns the old one # can be called from outside the package with 2 arguments (elt, style) # or from inside with only one argument (style) # the style can be either a string (one of the keys of %empty_tag_style # or a number (presumably an old value saved) sub set_empty_tag_style { my $style= lc( defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]); # so we cover both cases my $old_style= $empty_tag_style; if( $style=~ /^\d+$/) { croak "invalid empty tag style $style" unless( $style < keys %empty_tag_style); $empty_tag_style= $style; } else { croak "invalid empty tag style '$style'" unless( exists $empty_tag_style{$style}); $empty_tag_style= $empty_tag_style{$style}; } return $old_style; } sub _pretty_print_styles { return (sort { $pretty_print_style{$a} <=> $pretty_print_style{$b} || $a cmp $b } keys %pretty_print_style); } sub set_quote { my $style= $_[1] || $_[0]; my $old_quote= $quote; croak "invalid quote '$style'" unless( exists $quote_style{$style}); $quote= $quote_style{$style}; return $old_quote; } sub set_remove_cdata { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $remove_cdata; $remove_cdata= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub set_indent { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $INDENT; $INDENT= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub set_wrap { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $WRAP; $WRAP= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub set_keep_encoding { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $keep_encoding; $keep_encoding= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub set_replaced_ents { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $replaced_ents; $replaced_ents= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub do_not_escape_gt { my $old_value= $replaced_ents; $replaced_ents= q{&<}; # & needs to be first return $old_value; } sub escape_gt { my $old_value= $replaced_ents; $replaced_ents= qq{&<>}; # & needs to be first return $old_value; } sub _keep_encoding { return $keep_encoding; } # so I can use elsewhere in the module sub set_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $do_not_escape_amp_in_atts; $do_not_escape_amp_in_atts= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub output_filter { return $output_filter; } sub output_text_filter { return $output_text_filter; } sub set_output_filter { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; # can be called in object/non-object mode # if called in object mode with no argument, the filter is undefined if( isa( $new_value, 'XML::Twig::Elt') || isa( $new_value, 'XML::Twig')) { undef $new_value; } my $old_value= $output_filter; if( !$new_value || isa( $new_value, 'CODE') ) { $output_filter= $new_value; } elsif( $new_value eq 'latin1') { $output_filter= XML::Twig::latin1(); } elsif( $XML::Twig::filter{$new_value}) { $output_filter= $XML::Twig::filter{$new_value}; } else { croak "invalid output filter '$new_value'"; } return $old_value; } sub set_output_text_filter { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; # can be called in object/non-object mode # if called in object mode with no argument, the filter is undefined if( isa( $new_value, 'XML::Twig::Elt') || isa( $new_value, 'XML::Twig')) { undef $new_value; } my $old_value= $output_text_filter; if( !$new_value || isa( $new_value, 'CODE') ) { $output_text_filter= $new_value; } elsif( $new_value eq 'latin1') { $output_text_filter= XML::Twig::latin1(); } elsif( $XML::Twig::filter{$new_value}) { $output_text_filter= $XML::Twig::filter{$new_value}; } else { croak "invalid output text filter '$new_value'"; } return $old_value; } sub set_expand_external_entities { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $expand_external_entities; $expand_external_entities= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub set_keep_atts_order { my $new_value= defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : $_[0]; my $old_value= $keep_atts_order; $keep_atts_order= $new_value; return $old_value; } sub keep_atts_order { return $keep_atts_order; } # so I can use elsewhere in the module my %html_empty_elt; BEGIN { %html_empty_elt= map { $_ => 1} qw( base meta link hr br param img area input col); } sub start_tag { my( $elt, $option)= @_; return if( $elt->{gi} < $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI); my $extra_data= $elt->{extra_data} || ''; my $gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; my $att= $elt->{att}; # should be $elt->{att}, optimized into a pure hash look-up my $ns_map= $att ? $att->{'#original_gi'} : ''; if( $ns_map) { $gi= _restore_original_prefix( $ns_map, $gi); } $gi=~ s{^#default:}{}; # remove default prefix if( $output_text_filter) { $gi= $output_text_filter->( $gi); } # get the attribute and their values my $att_sep = $pretty==$NSGMLS ? "\n" : $pretty==$INDENTEDA ? "\n" . $INDENT x ($elt->level+1) . ' ' : ' ' ; my $replace_in_att_value= $replaced_ents . $quote; if( $option->{escape_gt} && $replaced_ents !~ m{>}) { $replace_in_att_value.= '>'; } my $tag; my @att_names= grep { !( $_=~ m{^#(?!default:)} ) } $keep_atts_order ? keys %{$att} : sort keys %{$att}; if( @att_names) { my $atts= join $att_sep, map { my $output_att_name= $ns_map ? _restore_original_prefix( $ns_map, $_) : $_; if( $output_text_filter) { $output_att_name= $output_text_filter->( $output_att_name); } $output_att_name . '=' . $quote . _att_xml_string( $att->{$_}, $replace_in_att_value) . $quote } @att_names ; if( $pretty==$INDENTEDA && @att_names == 1) { $att_sep= ' '; } $tag= "<$gi$att_sep$atts"; } else { $tag= "<$gi"; } $tag .= "\n" if($pretty==$NSGMLS); # force empty if suitable HTML tag, otherwise use the value from the input tree if( ($empty_tag_style eq $HTML) && !$elt->{first_child} && !$elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag} && $html_empty_elt{$gi}) { $elt->{empty}= 1; } $tag .= (!$elt->{empty} || $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}) ? '>' # element has content : (($empty_tag_style eq $HTML) && $html_empty_elt{$gi}) ? ' />' # html empty element # cvs-friendly format : ( $pretty == $INDENTEDA && @att_names > 1) ? "\n" . $INDENT x $elt->level . "/>" : ( $pretty == $INDENTEDA && @att_names == 1) ? " />" : $empty_tag_style ? "></" . $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}] . ">" # $empty_tag_style is $HTML or $EXPAND : '/>' ; if( ( (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 1) eq '#') && (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 9) ne '#default:') )) { $tag= ''; } #warn "TRACE: ", $tag,": ", Encode::is_utf8( $tag) ? "has flag" : "FLAG NOT SET"; unless( $pretty) { return defined( $extra_data) ? $extra_data . $tag : $tag; } my $prefix=''; my $return=''; # '' or \n is to be printed before the tag my $indent=0; # number of indents before the tag if( $pretty==$RECORD1) { my $level= $elt->level; $return= "\n" if( $level < 2); $indent= 1 if( $level == 1); } elsif( $pretty==$RECORD2) { $return= "\n"; $indent= $elt->level; } elsif( $pretty==$NICE) { my $parent= $elt->{parent}; unless( !$parent || $parent->{contains_text}) { $return= "\n"; } $elt->{contains_text}= 1 if( ($parent && $parent->{contains_text}) || $elt->contains_text); } elsif( $KEEP_TEXT_TAG_ON_ONE_LINE{$pretty}) { my $parent= $elt->{parent}; unless( !$parent || $parent->{contains_text}) { $return= "\n"; $indent= $elt->level; } $elt->{contains_text}= 1 if( ($parent && $parent->{contains_text}) || $elt->contains_text); } if( $return || $indent) { # check for elements in which spaces should be kept my $t= $elt->twig; return $extra_data . $tag if( $xml_space_preserve); if( $t && $t->{twig_keep_spaces_in}) { foreach my $ancestor ($elt->ancestors) { return $extra_data . $tag if( $t->{twig_keep_spaces_in}->{$XML::Twig::index2gi[$ancestor->{'gi'}]}) } } $prefix= $INDENT x $indent; if( $extra_data) { $extra_data=~ s{\s+$}{}; $extra_data=~ s{^\s+}{}; $extra_data= $prefix . $extra_data . $return; } } return $return . $extra_data . $prefix . $tag; } sub end_tag { my $elt= shift; return '' if( ($elt->{gi}<$XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI) || ($elt->{'empty'} && !$elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}) ); my $tag= "<"; my $gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; if( my $map= $elt->{'att'}->{'#original_gi'}) { $gi= _restore_original_prefix( $map, $gi); } $gi=~ s{^#default:}{}; # remove default prefix if( $output_text_filter) { $gi= $output_text_filter->( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]); } $tag .= "/$gi>"; $tag = ($elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag} || '') . $tag; if( ( (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 1) eq '#') && (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 9) ne '#default:') )) { $tag= ''; } return $tag unless $pretty; my $prefix=''; my $return=0; # 1 if a \n is to be printed before the tag my $indent=0; # number of indents before the tag if( $pretty==$RECORD1) { $return= 1 if( $elt->level == 0); } elsif( $pretty==$RECORD2) { unless( $elt->contains_text) { $return= 1 ; $indent= $elt->level; } } elsif( $pretty==$NICE) { my $parent= $elt->{parent}; if( ( ($parent && !$parent->{contains_text}) || !$parent ) && ( !$elt->{contains_text} && ($elt->{has_flushed_child} || $elt->{first_child}) ) ) { $return= 1; } } elsif( $KEEP_TEXT_TAG_ON_ONE_LINE{$pretty}) { my $parent= $elt->{parent}; if( ( ($parent && !$parent->{contains_text}) || !$parent ) && ( !$elt->{contains_text} && ($elt->{has_flushed_child} || $elt->{first_child}) ) ) { $return= 1; $indent= $elt->level; } } if( $return || $indent) { # check for elements in which spaces should be kept my $t= $elt->twig; return $tag if( $xml_space_preserve); if( $t && $t->{twig_keep_spaces_in}) { foreach my $ancestor ($elt, $elt->ancestors) { return $tag if( $t->{twig_keep_spaces_in}->{$XML::Twig::index2gi[$ancestor->{'gi'}]}) } } if( $return) { $prefix= ($pretty== $INDENTEDCT) ? "\n$INDENT" : "\n"; } $prefix.= $INDENT x $indent; } # add a \n at the end of the document (after the root element) $tag .= "\n" unless( $elt->{parent}); return $prefix . $tag; } sub _restore_original_prefix { my( $map, $name)= @_; my $prefix= _ns_prefix( $name); if( my $original_prefix= $map->{$prefix}) { if( $original_prefix eq '#default') { $name=~ s{^$prefix:}{}; } else { $name=~ s{^$prefix(?=:)}{$original_prefix}; } } return $name; } # buffer used to hold the text to print/sprint, to avoid passing it back and forth between methods my @sprint; # $elt is an element to print # $fh is an optional filehandle to print to # $pretty is an optional value, if true a \n is printed after the < of the # opening tag sub print { my $elt= shift; my $pretty; my $fh= isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar') ? shift : undef; my $old_select= defined $fh ? select $fh : undef; my $old_pretty= defined ($pretty= shift) ? set_pretty_print( $pretty) : undef; $pretty ||=0; $pretty = $pretty_print_style{$pretty} || $pretty; $xml_space_preserve= ( ($elt->inherit_att( 'xml:space') || '') eq 'preserve'); #$elt->_print; # no need to duplicate logic in _sprint #print $elt->sprint; # but that's too slow @sprint=(); $elt->_sprint(@_); if( $output_filter || ((($pretty== $WRAPPED) || ($pretty==$INDENTEDC)) && !$xml_space_preserve)) { my $sprint= join( '', @sprint); if( $output_filter) { $sprint= $output_filter->( $sprint); } if( ( ($pretty== $WRAPPED) || ($pretty==$INDENTEDC)) && !$xml_space_preserve) { $sprint= _wrap_text( $sprint); } print $sprint; } else { #foreach my $s (@sprint) { print "TRACE s $s: ", Encode::is_utf8( $s) ? "has flag\n" : "FLAG NOT SET\n"; } print @sprint; #warn "FATTO"; } $xml_space_preserve= 0; select $old_select if( defined $old_select); set_pretty_print( $old_pretty) if( defined $old_pretty); } # same as print but does not output the start tag if the element # is marked as flushed sub flush { my $elt= shift; my $up_to= $_[0] && isa( $_[0], 'XML::Twig::Elt') ? shift : $elt; $elt->twig->flush_up_to( $up_to, @_); } sub purge { my $elt= shift; my $up_to= $_[0] && isa( $_[0], 'XML::Twig::Elt') ? shift : $elt; $elt->twig->purge_up_to( $up_to, @_); } sub _flush { my $elt= shift; my $pretty; my $fh= isa( $_[0], 'GLOB') || isa( $_[0], 'IO::Scalar') ? shift : undef; my $old_select= defined $fh ? select $fh : undef; my $old_pretty= defined ($pretty= shift) ? set_pretty_print( $pretty) : undef; $xml_space_preserve= 1 if( ($elt->inherit_att( 'xml:space') || '') eq 'preserve'); $elt->__flush(); $xml_space_preserve= 0; select $old_select if( defined $old_select); set_pretty_print( $old_pretty) if( defined $old_pretty); } sub __flush { my $elt= shift; if( $elt->{gi} >= $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI) { my $preserve= ($elt->{'att'}->{'xml:space'} || '') eq 'preserve'; $xml_space_preserve++ if $preserve; unless( $elt->_flushed) { print $elt->start_tag(); } # flush the children my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; foreach my $child (@children) { $child->_flush( $pretty); } unless( $elt->{end_tag_flushed}) { print $elt->end_tag; } $xml_space_preserve-- if $preserve; # used for pretty printing if( my $parent= $elt->{parent}) { $parent->{has_flushed_child}= 1; } } else # text or special element { my $text; if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'})) { $text= $elt->pcdata_xml_string; if( my $parent= $elt->{parent}) { $parent->{contains_text}= 1; } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { $text= $elt->cdata_string; if( my $parent= $elt->{parent}) { $parent->{contains_text}= 1; } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'target'})) { $text= $elt->pi_string; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'comment'})) { $text= $elt->comment_string; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'ent'})) { $text= $elt->ent_string; } print $output_filter ? $output_filter->( $text) : $text; } } sub xml_text { my( $elt, @options)= @_; if( @options && grep { lc( $_) eq 'no_recurse' } @options) { return $elt->xml_text_only; } my $string=''; if( ($elt->{gi} >= $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI) ) { # sprint the children my $child= $elt->{first_child} || ''; while( $child) { $string.= $child->xml_text; } continue { $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'})) { $string .= $output_filter ? $output_filter->($elt->pcdata_xml_string) : $elt->pcdata_xml_string; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { $string .= $output_filter ? $output_filter->($elt->cdata_string) : $elt->cdata_string; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'ent'})) { $string .= $elt->ent_string; } return $string; } sub xml_text_only { return join '', map { $_->xml_text if( $_->is_text || (exists $_->{'ent'})) } $_[0]->_children; } # same as print but except... it does not print but rather returns the string # if the second parameter is set then only the content is returned, not the # start and end tags of the element (but the tags of the included elements are # returned) sub sprint { my $elt= shift; my( $old_pretty, $old_empty_tag_style); if( $_[0] && isa( $_[0], 'HASH')) { my %args= XML::Twig::_normalize_args( %{shift()}); if( defined $args{PrettyPrint}) { $old_pretty = set_pretty_print( $args{PrettyPrint}); } if( defined $args{EmptyTags}) { $old_empty_tag_style = set_empty_tag_style( $args{EmptyTags}); } } $xml_space_preserve= 1 if( ($elt->inherit_att( 'xml:space') || '') eq 'preserve'); @sprint=(); $elt->_sprint( @_); my $sprint= join( '', @sprint); if( $output_filter) { $sprint= $output_filter->( $sprint); } if( ( ($pretty== $WRAPPED) || ($pretty==$INDENTEDC)) && !$xml_space_preserve) { $sprint= _wrap_text( $sprint); } $xml_space_preserve= 0; if( defined $old_pretty) { set_pretty_print( $old_pretty); } if( defined $old_empty_tag_style) { set_empty_tag_style( $old_empty_tag_style); } return $sprint; } sub _wrap_text { my( $string)= @_; my $wrapped; foreach my $line (split /\n/, $string) { my( $initial_indent)= $line=~ m{^(\s*)}; my $wrapped_line= Text::Wrap::wrap( '', $initial_indent . $INDENT, $line) . "\n"; # fix glitch with Text::wrap when the first line is long and does not include spaces # the first line ends up being too short by 2 chars, but we'll have to live with it! $wrapped_line=~ s{^ +\n }{}s; # this prefix needs to be removed $wrapped .= $wrapped_line; } return $wrapped; } sub _sprint { my $elt= shift; my $no_tag= shift || 0; # in case there's some comments or PI's piggybacking if( $elt->{gi} >= $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI) { my $preserve= ($elt->{'att'}->{'xml:space'} || '') eq 'preserve'; $xml_space_preserve++ if $preserve; push @sprint, $elt->start_tag unless( $no_tag); # sprint the children my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { $child->_sprint; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } push @sprint, $elt->end_tag unless( $no_tag); $xml_space_preserve-- if $preserve; } else { push @sprint, $elt->{extra_data} if( $elt->{extra_data}) ; if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'})) { push @sprint, $elt->pcdata_xml_string; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { push @sprint, $elt->cdata_string; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'target'})) { push @sprint, $elt->pi_string; if( ($pretty >= $INDENTED) && !$elt->{parent}->{contains_text}) { push @sprint, "\n"; } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'comment'})) { push @sprint, $elt->comment_string; if( ($pretty >= $INDENTED) && !$elt->{parent}->{contains_text}) { push @sprint, "\n"; } } elsif( (exists $elt->{'ent'})) { push @sprint, $elt->ent_string; } } return; } # just a shortcut to $elt->sprint( 1) sub xml_string { my $elt= shift; isa( $_[0], 'HASH') ? $elt->sprint( shift(), 1) : $elt->sprint( 1); } sub pcdata_xml_string { my $elt= shift; if( defined( my $string= $elt->{pcdata}) ) { if( ! $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}) { $string=~ s/([$replaced_ents])/$XML::Twig::base_ent{$1}/g unless( $keep_encoding || $elt->{asis}); $string=~ s{\Q]]>}{]]>}g; } else { _gen_mark( $string); # used by _(un)?protect_extra_data foreach my $data (reverse @{$elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}}) { my $substr= substr( $string, $data->{offset}); if( $keep_encoding || $elt->{asis}) { substr( $string, $data->{offset}, 0, $data->{text}); } else { substr( $string, $data->{offset}, 0, _protect_extra_data( $data->{text})); } } unless( $keep_encoding || $elt->{asis}) { $string=~ s{([$replaced_ents])}{$XML::Twig::base_ent{$1}}g ; $string=~ s{\Q]]>}{]]>}g; _unprotect_extra_data( $string); } } return $output_text_filter ? $output_text_filter->( $string) : $string; } else { return ''; } } { my $mark; my( %char2ent, %ent2char); BEGIN { %char2ent= ( '<' => 'lt', '&' => 'amp', '>' => 'gt'); %ent2char= map { $char2ent{$_} => $_ } keys %char2ent; } # generate a unique mark (a string) not found in the string, # used to mark < and & in the extra data sub _gen_mark { $mark="AAAA"; $mark++ while( index( $_[0], $mark) > -1); return $mark; } sub _protect_extra_data { my( $extra_data)= @_; $extra_data=~ s{([<&>])}{:$mark:$char2ent{$1}:}g; return $extra_data; } sub _unprotect_extra_data { $_[0]=~ s{:$mark:(\w+):}{$ent2char{$1}}g; } } sub cdata_string { my $cdata= $_[0]->{cdata}; unless( defined $cdata) { return ''; } if( $remove_cdata) { $cdata=~ s/([$replaced_ents])/$XML::Twig::base_ent{$1}/g; } else { $cdata= $CDATA_START . $cdata . $CDATA_END; } return $cdata; } sub att_xml_string { my $elt= shift; my $att= shift; my $replace= $replaced_ents . $quote; if($_[0] && $_[0]->{escape_gt} && ($replace!~ m{>}) ) { $replace .='>'; } if( defined (my $string= $elt->{att}->{$att})) { return _att_xml_string( $string, $replace); } else { return ''; } } # escaped xml string for an attribute value sub _att_xml_string { my( $string, $escape)= @_; if( !defined( $string)) { return ''; } unless( $keep_encoding) { if( $do_not_escape_amp_in_atts) { $escape=~ s{^.}{}; # seems like the most backward compatible way to remove & from the list $string=~ s{([$escape])}{$XML::Twig::base_ent{$1}}g; $string=~ s{&(?!(\w+|#\d+|[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+);)}{&}g; # dodgy: escape & that do not start an entity } else { $string=~ s{([$escape])}{$XML::Twig::base_ent{$1}}g; $string=~ s{\Q]]>}{]]>}g; } } return $output_text_filter ? $output_text_filter->( $string) : $string; } sub ent_string { my $ent= shift; my $ent_text= $ent->{ent}; my( $t, $el, $ent_string); if( $expand_external_entities && ($t= $ent->twig) && ($el= $t->entity_list) && ($ent_string= $el->{entities}->{$ent->ent_name}->{val}) ) { return $ent_string; } else { return $ent_text; } } # returns just the text, no tags, for an element sub text { my( $elt, @options)= @_; if( @options && grep { lc( $_) eq 'no_recurse' } @options) { return $elt->text_only; } my $string; if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'})) { return $elt->{pcdata}; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { return $elt->{cdata}; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'target'})) { return $elt->pi_string;} elsif( (exists $elt->{'comment'})) { return $elt->{comment}; } elsif( (exists $elt->{'ent'})) { return $elt->{ent} ; } my $child= $elt->{first_child} ||''; while( $child) { my $child_text= $child->text; $string.= defined( $child_text) ? $child_text : ''; } continue { $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } unless( defined $string) { $string=''; } return $output_text_filter ? $output_text_filter->( $string) : $string; } sub text_only { return join '', map { $_->text if( $_->is_text || (exists $_->{'ent'})) } $_[0]->_children; } sub trimmed_text { my $elt= shift; my $text= $elt->text( @_); $text=~ s{\s+}{ }sg; $text=~ s{^\s*}{}; $text=~ s{\s*$}{}; return $text; } sub trim { my( $elt)= @_; my $pcdata= $elt->first_descendant( $TEXT); (my $pcdata_text= $pcdata->text)=~ s{^\s+}{}s; $pcdata->set_text( $pcdata_text); $pcdata= $elt->last_descendant( $TEXT); ($pcdata_text= $pcdata->text)=~ s{\s+$}{}; $pcdata->set_text( $pcdata_text); foreach my $pcdata ($elt->descendants( $TEXT)) { ($pcdata_text= $pcdata->text)=~ s{\s+}{ }g; $pcdata->set_text( $pcdata_text); } return $elt; } # remove cdata sections (turns them into regular pcdata) in an element sub remove_cdata { my $elt= shift; foreach my $cdata ($elt->descendants_or_self( $CDATA)) { if( $keep_encoding) { my $data= $cdata->{cdata}; $data=~ s{([&<"'])}{$XML::Twig::base_ent{$1}}g; $cdata->set_pcdata( $data); } else { $cdata->set_pcdata( $cdata->{cdata}); } $cdata->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$PCDATA} or $cdata->set_gi( $PCDATA); undef $cdata->{cdata}; } } sub _is_private { return _is_private_name( $_[0]->gi); } sub _is_private_name { return $_[0]=~ m{^#(?!default:)}; } } # end of block containing package globals ($pretty_print, $quotes, keep_encoding...) sub normalize { my( $elt)= @_; my @descendants= $elt->descendants( $PCDATA); while( my $desc= shift @descendants) { while( @descendants && $desc->{next_sibling} && $desc->{next_sibling}== $descendants[0]) { my $to_merge= shift @descendants; $desc->{pcdata}.= $to_merge->{pcdata}; $to_merge->delete; } } return $elt; } # SAX export methods sub toSAX1 { _toSAX(@_, \&_start_tag_data_SAX1, \&_end_tag_data_SAX1); } sub toSAX2 { _toSAX(@_, \&_start_tag_data_SAX2, \&_end_tag_data_SAX2); } sub _toSAX { my( $elt, $handler, $start_tag_data, $end_tag_data)= @_; if( $elt->{gi} >= $XML::Twig::SPECIAL_GI) { my $data= $start_tag_data->( $elt); _start_prefix_mapping( $elt, $handler, $data); if( $data && (my $start_element = $handler->can( 'start_element'))) { unless( $elt->_flushed) { $start_element->( $handler, $data); } } foreach my $child ($elt->_children) { $child->_toSAX( $handler, $start_tag_data, $end_tag_data); } if( (my $data= $end_tag_data->( $elt)) && (my $end_element = $handler->can( 'end_element')) ) { $end_element->( $handler, $data); } _end_prefix_mapping( $elt, $handler); } else # text or special element { if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'}) && (my $characters= $handler->can( 'characters'))) { $characters->( $handler, { Data => $elt->{pcdata} }); } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { if( my $start_cdata= $handler->can( 'start_cdata')) { $start_cdata->( $handler); } if( my $characters= $handler->can( 'characters')) { $characters->( $handler, {Data => $elt->{cdata} }); } if( my $end_cdata= $handler->can( 'end_cdata')) { $end_cdata->( $handler); } } elsif( ((exists $elt->{'target'})) && (my $pi= $handler->can( 'processing_instruction'))) { $pi->( $handler, { Target =>$elt->{target}, Data => $elt->{data} }); } elsif( ((exists $elt->{'comment'})) && (my $comment= $handler->can( 'comment'))) { $comment->( $handler, { Data => $elt->{comment} }); } elsif( ((exists $elt->{'ent'}))) { if( my $se= $handler->can( 'skipped_entity')) { $se->( $handler, { Name => $elt->ent_name }); } elsif( my $characters= $handler->can( 'characters')) { if( defined $elt->ent_string) { $characters->( $handler, {Data => $elt->ent_string}); } else { $characters->( $handler, {Data => $elt->ent_name}); } } } } } sub _start_tag_data_SAX1 { my( $elt)= @_; my $name= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; return if( ( (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 1) eq '#') && (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 9) ne '#default:') )); my $attributes={}; my $atts= $elt->{att}; while( my( $att, $value)= each %$atts) { $attributes->{$att}= $value unless( ( $att=~ m{^#(?!default:)} )); } my $data= { Name => $name, Attributes => $attributes}; return $data; } sub _end_tag_data_SAX1 { my( $elt)= @_; return if( ( (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 1) eq '#') && (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 9) ne '#default:') )); return { Name => $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}] }; } sub _start_tag_data_SAX2 { my( $elt)= @_; my $data={}; my $name= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; return if( ( (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 1) eq '#') && (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 9) ne '#default:') )); $data->{Name} = $name; $data->{Prefix} = $elt->ns_prefix; $data->{LocalName} = $elt->local_name; $data->{NamespaceURI} = $elt->namespace; # save a copy of the data so we can re-use it for the end tag my %sax2_data= %$data; $elt->{twig_elt_SAX2_data}= \%sax2_data; # add the attributes $data->{Attributes}= $elt->_atts_to_SAX2; return $data; } sub _atts_to_SAX2 { my $elt= shift; my $SAX2_atts= {}; foreach my $att (keys %{$elt->{att}}) { next if( ( $att=~ m{^#(?!default:)} )); my $SAX2_att={}; $SAX2_att->{Name} = $att; $SAX2_att->{Prefix} = _ns_prefix( $att); $SAX2_att->{LocalName} = _local_name( $att); $SAX2_att->{NamespaceURI} = $elt->namespace( $SAX2_att->{Prefix}); $SAX2_att->{Value} = $elt->{'att'}->{$att}; my $SAX2_att_name= "{$SAX2_att->{NamespaceURI}}$SAX2_att->{LocalName}"; $SAX2_atts->{$SAX2_att_name}= $SAX2_att; } return $SAX2_atts; } sub _start_prefix_mapping { my( $elt, $handler, $data)= @_; if( my $start_prefix_mapping= $handler->can( 'start_prefix_mapping') and my @new_prefix_mappings= grep { /^\{[^}]*\}xmlns/ || /^\{$XMLNS_URI\}/ } keys %{$data->{Attributes}} ) { foreach my $prefix (@new_prefix_mappings) { my $prefix_string= $data->{Attributes}->{$prefix}->{LocalName}; if( $prefix_string eq 'xmlns') { $prefix_string=''; } my $prefix_data= { Prefix => $prefix_string, NamespaceURI => $data->{Attributes}->{$prefix}->{Value} }; $start_prefix_mapping->( $handler, $prefix_data); $elt->{twig_end_prefix_mapping} ||= []; push @{$elt->{twig_end_prefix_mapping}}, $prefix_string; } } } sub _end_prefix_mapping { my( $elt, $handler)= @_; if( my $end_prefix_mapping= $handler->can( 'end_prefix_mapping')) { foreach my $prefix (@{$elt->{twig_end_prefix_mapping}}) { $end_prefix_mapping->( $handler, { Prefix => $prefix} ); } } } sub _end_tag_data_SAX2 { my( $elt)= @_; return if( ( (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 1) eq '#') && (substr( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}], 0, 9) ne '#default:') )); return $elt->{twig_elt_SAX2_data}; } sub contains_text { my $elt= shift; my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while ($child) { return 1 if( $child->is_text || (exists $child->{'ent'})); $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } return 0; } # creates a single pcdata element containing the text as child of the element # options: # - force_pcdata: when set to a true value forces the text to be in a #PCDATA # even if the original element was a #CDATA sub set_text { my( $elt, $string, %option)= @_; if( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}] eq $PCDATA) { return $elt->set_pcdata( $string); } elsif( $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}] eq $CDATA) { if( $option{force_pcdata}) { $elt->{gi}=$XML::Twig::gi2index{$PCDATA} or $elt->set_gi( $PCDATA); $elt->_set_cdata(''); return $elt->set_pcdata( $string); } else { return $elt->_set_cdata( $string); } } elsif( $elt->contains_a_single( $PCDATA) ) { # optimized so we have a slight chance of not loosing embedded comments and pi's $elt->{first_child}->set_pcdata( $string); return $elt; } foreach my $child (@{[$elt->_children]}) { $child->delete; } my $pcdata= $elt->_new_pcdata( $string); $pcdata->paste( $elt); delete $elt->{empty}; return $elt; } # set the content of an element from a list of strings and elements sub set_content { my $elt= shift; return $elt unless defined $_[0]; # attributes can be given as a hash (passed by ref) if( ref $_[0] eq 'HASH') { my $atts= shift; $elt->del_atts; # usually useless but better safe than sorry $elt->set_atts( $atts); return $elt unless defined $_[0]; } # check next argument for #EMPTY if( !(ref $_[0]) && ($_[0] eq $EMPTY) ) { $elt->{empty}= 1; return $elt; } # case where we really want to do a set_text, the element is '#PCDATA' # or contains a single PCDATA and we only want to add text in it if( ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}] eq $PCDATA || $elt->contains_a_single( $PCDATA)) && (@_ == 1) && !( ref $_[0])) { $elt->set_text( $_[0]); return $elt; } elsif( ($XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}] eq $CDATA) && (@_ == 1) && !( ref $_[0])) { $elt->_set_cdata( $_[0]); return $elt; } # delete the children foreach my $child (@{[$elt->_children]}) { $child->delete; } foreach my $child (@_) { if( ref( $child) && isa( $child, 'XML::Twig::Elt')) { # argument is an element $child->paste( 'last_child', $elt); } else { # argument is a string if( (my $pcdata= $elt->{last_child}) && $elt->{last_child}->is_pcdata) { # previous child is also pcdata: just concatenate $pcdata->set_pcdata( $pcdata->{pcdata} . $child) } else { # previous child is not a string: creat a new pcdata element $pcdata= $elt->_new_pcdata( $child); $pcdata->paste( 'last_child', $elt); } } } delete $elt->{empty}; return $elt; } # inserts an element (whose gi is given) as child of the element # all children of the element are now children of the new element # returns the new element sub insert { my ($elt, @args)= @_; # first cut the children my @children= do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }; foreach my $child (@children) { $child->cut; } # insert elements while( my $gi= shift @args) { my $new_elt= $elt->new( $gi); # add attributes if needed if( defined( $args[0]) && ( isa( $args[0], 'HASH')) ) { $new_elt->set_atts( shift @args); } # paste the element $new_elt->paste( $elt); delete $elt->{empty}; $elt= $new_elt; } # paste back the children foreach my $child (@children) { $child->paste( 'last_child', $elt); } return $elt; } # insert a new element # $elt->insert_new_element( $opt_position, $gi, $opt_atts_hash, @opt_content); # the element is created with the same syntax as new # position is the same as in paste, first_child by default sub insert_new_elt { my $elt= shift; my $position= $_[0]; if( ($position eq 'before') || ($position eq 'after') || ($position eq 'first_child') || ($position eq 'last_child')) { shift; } else { $position= 'first_child'; } my $new_elt= $elt->new( @_); $new_elt->paste( $position, $elt); #if( defined $new_elt->{'att'}->{$ID}) { $new_elt->set_id( $new_elt->{'att'}->{$ID}); } return $new_elt; } # wraps an element in elements which gi's are given as arguments # $elt->wrap_in( 'td', 'tr', 'table') wraps the element as a single # cell in a table for example # returns the new element sub wrap_in { my $elt= shift; while( my $gi = shift @_) { my $new_elt = $elt->new( $gi); if( $elt->{twig_current}) { my $t= $elt->twig; $t->{twig_current}= $new_elt; delete $elt->{'twig_current'}; $new_elt->{'twig_current'}=1; } if( my $parent= $elt->{parent}) { $new_elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $new_elt->{parent});} ; if( $parent->{first_child} == $elt) { $parent->{first_child}= $new_elt; } if( $parent->{last_child} == $elt) { delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$new_elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; } } else { # wrapping the root my $twig= $elt->twig; if( $twig && $twig->root && ($twig->root eq $elt) ) { $twig->{twig_root}= $new_elt; } } if( my $prev_sibling= $elt->{prev_sibling}) { $new_elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $new_elt->{prev_sibling});} ; $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $new_elt; } if( my $next_sibling= $elt->{next_sibling}) { $new_elt->{next_sibling}= $next_sibling; $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$new_elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; } $new_elt->{first_child}= $elt; delete $new_elt->{empty}; $new_elt->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $new_elt->{last_child});} ; $elt->{parent}=$new_elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; $elt->{prev_sibling}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; $elt->{next_sibling}= undef; # add the attributes if the next argument is a hash ref if( defined( $_[0]) && (isa( $_[0], 'HASH')) ) { $new_elt->set_atts( shift @_); } $elt= $new_elt; } return $elt; } sub replace { my( $elt, $ref)= @_; if( $elt->{parent}) { $elt->cut; } if( my $parent= $ref->{parent}) { $elt->{parent}=$parent; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{parent});} ; if( $parent->{first_child} == $ref) { $parent->{first_child}= $elt; } if( $parent->{last_child} == $ref) { delete $parent->{empty}; $parent->{last_child}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $parent->{last_child});} ; } } if( my $prev_sibling= $ref->{prev_sibling}) { $elt->{prev_sibling}=$prev_sibling; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $elt->{prev_sibling});} ; $prev_sibling->{next_sibling}= $elt; } if( my $next_sibling= $ref->{next_sibling}) { $elt->{next_sibling}= $next_sibling; $next_sibling->{prev_sibling}=$elt; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $next_sibling->{prev_sibling});} ; } $ref->{parent}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $ref->{parent});} ; $ref->{prev_sibling}=undef; if( $XML::Twig::weakrefs) { weaken( $ref->{prev_sibling});} ; $ref->{next_sibling}= undef; return $ref; } sub replace_with { my $ref= shift; my $elt= shift; $elt->replace( $ref); foreach my $new_elt (reverse @_) { $new_elt->paste( after => $elt); } return $elt; } # move an element, same syntax as paste, except the element is first cut sub move { my $elt= shift; $elt->cut; $elt->paste( @_); return $elt; } # adds a prefix to an element, creating a pcdata child if needed sub prefix { my ($elt, $prefix, $option)= @_; my $asis= ($option && ($option eq 'asis')) ? 1 : 0; if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'}) && (($asis && $elt->{asis}) || (!$asis && ! $elt->{asis})) ) { $elt->set_pcdata( $prefix . $elt->{pcdata}); } elsif( $elt->{first_child} && $elt->{first_child}->is_pcdata && ( ($asis && $elt->{first_child}->{asis}) || (!$asis && ! $elt->{first_child}->{asis})) ) { $elt->{first_child}->set_pcdata( $prefix . $elt->{first_child}->pcdata); } else { my $new_elt= $elt->_new_pcdata( $prefix); $new_elt->paste( $elt); if( $asis) { $new_elt->set_asis; } } return $elt; } # adds a suffix to an element, creating a pcdata child if needed sub suffix { my ($elt, $suffix, $option)= @_; my $asis= ($option && ($option eq 'asis')) ? 1 : 0; if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'}) && (($asis && $elt->{asis}) || (!$asis && ! $elt->{asis})) ) { $elt->set_pcdata( $elt->{pcdata} . $suffix); } elsif( $elt->{last_child} && $elt->{last_child}->is_pcdata && ( ($asis && $elt->{last_child}->{asis}) || (!$asis && ! $elt->{last_child}->{asis})) ) { $elt->{last_child}->set_pcdata( $elt->{last_child}->pcdata . $suffix); } else { my $new_elt= $elt->_new_pcdata( $suffix); $new_elt->paste( 'last_child', $elt); if( $asis) { $new_elt->set_asis; } } return $elt; } # create a path to an element ('/root/.../gi) sub path { my $elt= shift; my @context= ( $elt, $elt->ancestors); return "/" . join( "/", reverse map {$_->gi} @context); } sub xpath { my $elt= shift; my $xpath; foreach my $ancestor (reverse $elt->ancestors_or_self) { my $gi= $XML::Twig::index2gi[$ancestor->{'gi'}]; $xpath.= "/$gi"; my $index= $ancestor->prev_siblings( $gi) + 1; unless( ($index == 1) && !$ancestor->next_sibling( $gi)) { $xpath.= "[$index]"; } } return $xpath; } # methods used mainly by wrap_children # return a string with the # for an element <foo><elt att="val">...</elt><elt2/><elt>...</elt></foo> # returns '<elt att="val"><elt2><elt>' sub _stringify_struct { my( $elt, %opt)= @_; my $string=''; my $pretty_print= set_pretty_print( 'none'); foreach my $child ($elt->_children) { $child->add_id; $string .= $child->start_tag( { escape_gt => 1 }) ||''; } set_pretty_print( $pretty_print); return $string; } # wrap a series of elements in a new one sub _wrap_range { my $elt= shift; my $gi= shift; my $atts= isa( $_[0], 'HASH') ? shift : undef; my $range= shift; # the string with the tags to wrap my $t= $elt->twig; # get the tags to wrap my @to_wrap; while( $range=~ m{<\w+\s+[^>]*id=("[^"]*"|'[^']*')[^>]*>}g) { push @to_wrap, $t->elt_id( substr( $1, 1, -1)); } return '' unless @to_wrap; my $to_wrap= shift @to_wrap; my %atts= %$atts; my $new_elt= $to_wrap->wrap_in( $gi, \%atts); $_->move( last_child => $new_elt) foreach (@to_wrap); return ''; } # wrap children matching a regexp in a new element sub wrap_children { my( $elt, $regexp, $gi, $atts)= @_; $atts ||={}; my $elt_as_string= $elt->_stringify_struct; # stringify the elt structure $regexp=~ s{(<[^>]*>)}{_match_expr( $1)}eg; # in the regexp, replace gi's by the proper regexp $elt_as_string=~ s{($regexp)}{$elt->_wrap_range( $gi, $atts, $1)}eg; # then do the actual replace return $elt; } sub _match_expr { my $tag= shift; my( $gi, %atts)= XML::Twig::_parse_start_tag( $tag); return _match_tag( $gi, %atts); } sub _match_tag { my( $elt, %atts)= @_; my $string= "<$elt\\b"; foreach my $key (sort keys %atts) { my $val= qq{\Q$atts{$key}\E}; $string.= qq{[^>]*$key=(?:"$val"|'$val')}; } $string.= qq{[^>]*>}; return "(?:$string)"; } sub field_to_att { my( $elt, $cond, $att)= @_; $att ||= $cond; my $child= $elt->first_child( $cond) or return undef; $elt->set_att( $att => $child->text); $child->cut; return $elt; } sub att_to_field { my( $elt, $att, $tag)= @_; $tag ||= $att; my $child= $elt->insert_new_elt( first_child => $tag, $elt->{'att'}->{$att}); $elt->del_att( $att); return $elt; } # sort children methods sub sort_children_on_field { my $elt = shift; my $field = shift; my $get_key= sub { return $_[0]->field( $field) }; return $elt->sort_children( $get_key, @_); } sub sort_children_on_att { my $elt = shift; my $att = shift; my $get_key= sub { return $_[0]->{'att'}->{$att} }; return $elt->sort_children( $get_key, @_); } sub sort_children_on_value { my $elt = shift; #my $get_key= eval qq{ sub { $NO_WARNINGS; return \$_[0]->text } }; my $get_key= \&text; return $elt->sort_children( $get_key, @_); } sub sort_children { my( $elt, $get_key, %opt)=@_; $opt{order} ||= 'normal'; $opt{type} ||= 'alpha'; my( $par_a, $par_b)= ($opt{order} eq 'reverse') ? qw( b a) : qw ( a b) ; my $op= ($opt{type} eq 'numeric') ? '<=>' : 'cmp' ; my @children= $elt->cut_children; if( $opt{type} eq 'numeric') { @children= map { $_->[1] } sort { $a->[0] <=> $b->[0] } map { [ $get_key->( $_), $_] } @children; } elsif( $opt{type} eq 'alpha') { @children= map { $_->[1] } sort { $a->[0] cmp $b->[0] } map { [ $get_key->( $_), $_] } @children; } else { croak "wrong sort type '$opt{type}', should be either 'alpha' or 'numeric'"; } @children= reverse @children if( $opt{order} eq 'reverse'); $elt->set_content( @children); } # comparison methods sub before { my( $a, $b)=@_; if( $a->cmp( $b) == -1) { return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub after { my( $a, $b)=@_; if( $a->cmp( $b) == 1) { return 1; } else { return 0; } } sub lt { my( $a, $b)=@_; return 1 if( $a->cmp( $b) == -1); return 0; } sub le { my( $a, $b)=@_; return 1 unless( $a->cmp( $b) == 1); return 0; } sub gt { my( $a, $b)=@_; return 1 if( $a->cmp( $b) == 1); return 0; } sub ge { my( $a, $b)=@_; return 1 unless( $a->cmp( $b) == -1); return 0; } sub cmp { my( $a, $b)=@_; # easy cases return 0 if( $a == $b); return 1 if( $a->in($b)); # a in b => a starts after b return -1 if( $b->in($a)); # b in a => a starts before b # ancestors does not include the element itself my @a_pile= ($a, $a->ancestors); my @b_pile= ($b, $b->ancestors); # the 2 elements are not in the same twig return undef unless( $a_pile[-1] == $b_pile[-1]); # find the first non common ancestors (they are siblings) my $a_anc= pop @a_pile; my $b_anc= pop @b_pile; while( $a_anc == $b_anc) { $a_anc= pop @a_pile; $b_anc= pop @b_pile; } # from there move left and right and figure out the order my( $a_prev, $a_next, $b_prev, $b_next)= ($a_anc, $a_anc, $b_anc, $b_anc); while() { $a_prev= $a_prev->{prev_sibling} || return( -1); return 1 if( $a_prev == $b_next); $a_next= $a_next->{next_sibling} || return( 1); return -1 if( $a_next == $b_prev); $b_prev= $b_prev->{prev_sibling} || return( 1); return -1 if( $b_prev == $a_next); $b_next= $b_next->{next_sibling} || return( -1); return 1 if( $b_next == $a_prev); } } sub _dump { my( $elt, $option)= @_; my $atts = defined $option->{atts} ? $option->{atts} : 1; my $extra = defined $option->{extra} ? $option->{extra} : 0; my $short_text = defined $option->{short_text} ? $option->{short_text} : 40; my $sp= '| '; my $indent= $sp x $elt->level; my $indent_sp= ' ' x $elt->level; my $dump=''; if( $elt->is_elt) { $dump .= $indent . '|-' . $XML::Twig::index2gi[$elt->{'gi'}]; if( $atts && (my @atts= $elt->att_names) ) { $dump .= ' ' . join( ' ', map { qq{$_="} . $elt->{'att'}->{$_} . qq{"} } @atts); } $dump .= "\n"; if( $extra) { $dump .= $elt->_dump_extra_data( $indent, $indent_sp, $short_text); } $dump .= join( "", map { $_->_dump( $option) } do { my $elt= $elt; my @children=(); my $child= $elt->{first_child}; while( $child) { push @children, $child; $child= $child->{next_sibling}; } @children; }); } else { if( (exists $elt->{'pcdata'})) { $dump .= "$indent|-PCDATA: '" . _short_text( $elt->{pcdata}, $short_text) . "'\n" } elsif( (exists $elt->{'ent'})) { $dump .= "$indent|-ENTITY: '" . _short_text( $elt->{ent}, $short_text) . "'\n" } elsif( (exists $elt->{'cdata'})) { $dump .= "$indent|-CDATA: '" . _short_text( $elt->{cdata}, $short_text) . "'\n" } elsif( (exists $elt->{'comment'})) { $dump .= "$indent|-COMMENT: '" . _short_text( $elt->comment_string, $short_text) . "'\n" } elsif( (exists $elt->{'target'})) { $dump .= "$indent|-PI: '" . $elt->{target} . "' - '" . _short_text( $elt->{data}, $short_text) . "'\n" } if( $extra) { $dump .= $elt->_dump_extra_data( $indent, $indent_sp, $short_text); } } return $dump; } sub _dump_extra_data { my( $elt, $indent, $indent_sp, $short_text)= @_; my $dump=''; if( $elt->extra_data) { my $extra_data = $indent . "|-- (cpi before) '" . _short_text( $elt->extra_data, $short_text) . "'"; $extra_data=~ s{\n}{$indent_sp}g; $dump .= $extra_data . "\n"; } if( $elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}) { foreach my $data ( @{$elt->{extra_data_in_pcdata}}) { my $extra_data = $indent . "|-- (cpi offset $data->{offset}) '" . _short_text( $data->{text}, $short_text) . "'"; $extra_data=~ s{\n}{$indent_sp}g; $dump .= $extra_data . "\n"; } } if( $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}) { my $extra_data = $indent . "|-- (cpi end) '" . _short_text( $elt->{extra_data_before_end_tag}, $short_text) . "'"; $extra_data=~ s{\n}{$indent_sp}g; $dump .= $extra_data . "\n"; } return $dump; } sub _short_text { my( $string, $length)= @_; if( !$length || (length( $string) < $length) ) { return $string; } my $l1= (length( $string) -5) /2; my $l2= length( $string) - ($l1 + 5); return substr( $string, 0, $l1) . ' ... ' . substr( $string, -$l2); } sub _and { return _join_defined( ' && ', @_); } sub _join_defined { return join( shift(), grep { $_ } @_); } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME XML::Twig - A perl module for processing huge XML documents in tree mode. =head1 SYNOPSIS Note that this documentation is intended as a reference to the module. Complete docs, including a tutorial, examples, an easier to use HTML version, a quick reference card and a FAQ are available at L<http://www.xmltwig.com/xmltwig> Small documents (loaded in memory as a tree): my $twig=XML::Twig->new(); # create the twig $twig->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); # build it my_process( $twig); # use twig methods to process it $twig->print; # output the twig Huge documents (processed in combined stream/tree mode): # at most one div will be loaded in memory my $twig=XML::Twig->new( twig_handlers => { title => sub { $_->set_tag( 'h2') }, # change title tags to h2 para => sub { $_->set_tag( 'p') }, # change para to p hidden => sub { $_->delete; }, # remove hidden elements list => \&my_list_process, # process list elements div => sub { $_[0]->flush; }, # output and free memory }, pretty_print => 'indented', # output will be nicely formatted empty_tags => 'html', # outputs <empty_tag /> ); $twig->flush; # flush the end of the document See L<XML::Twig 101|/XML::Twig 101> for other ways to use the module, as a filter for example. =head1 DESCRIPTION This module provides a way to process XML documents. It is build on top of C<XML::Parser>. The module offers a tree interface to the document, while allowing you to output the parts of it that have been completely processed. It allows minimal resource (CPU and memory) usage by building the tree only for the parts of the documents that need actual processing, through the use of the C<L<twig_roots|/twig_roots> > and C<L<twig_print_outside_roots|/twig_print_outside_roots> > options. The C<L<finish|/finish> > and C<L<finish_print|/finish_print> > methods also help to increase performances. XML::Twig tries to make simple things easy so it tries its best to takes care of a lot of the (usually) annoying (but sometimes necessary) features that come with XML and XML::Parser. =head1 XML::Twig 101 XML::Twig can be used either on "small" XML documents (that fit in memory) or on huge ones, by processing parts of the document and outputting or discarding them once they are processed. =head2 Loading an XML document and processing it my $t= XML::Twig->new(); $t->parse( '<d><title>title</title><para>p 1</para><para>p 2</para></d>'); my $root= $t->root; $root->set_tag( 'html'); # change doc to html $title= $root->first_child( 'title'); # get the title $title->set_tag( 'h1'); # turn it into h1 my @para= $root->children( 'para'); # get the para children foreach my $para (@para) { $para->set_tag( 'p'); } # turn them into p $t->print; # output the document Other useful methods include: L<att|/att>: C<< $elt->{'att'}->{'foo'} >> return the C<foo> attribute for an element, L<set_att|/set_att> : C<< $elt->set_att( foo => "bar") >> sets the C<foo> attribute to the C<bar> value, L<next_sibling|/next_sibling>: C<< $elt->{next_sibling} >> return the next sibling in the document (in the example C<< $title->{next_sibling} >> is the first C<para>, you can also (and actually should) use C<< $elt->next_sibling( 'para') >> to get it The document can also be transformed through the use of the L<cut|/cut>, L<copy|/copy>, L<paste|/paste> and L<move|/move> methods: C<< $title->cut; $title->paste( after => $p); >> for example And much, much more, see L<XML::Twig::Elt>. =head2 Processing an XML document chunk by chunk One of the strengths of XML::Twig is that it let you work with files that do not fit in memory (BTW storing an XML document in memory as a tree is quite memory-expensive, the expansion factor being often around 10). To do this you can define handlers, that will be called once a specific element has been completely parsed. In these handlers you can access the element and process it as you see fit, using the navigation and the cut-n-paste methods, plus lots of convenient ones like C<L<prefix|/prefix> >. Once the element is completely processed you can then C<L<flush|/flush> > it, which will output it and free the memory. You can also C<L<purge|/purge> > it if you don't need to output it (if you are just extracting some data from the document for example). The handler will be called again once the next relevant element has been parsed. my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_handlers => { section => \§ion, para => sub { $_->set_tag( 'p'); } }, ); $t->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); $t->flush; # don't forget to flush one last time in the end or anything # after the last </section> tag will not be output # the handler is called once a section is completely parsed, ie when # the end tag for section is found, it receives the twig itself and # the element (including all its sub-elements) as arguments sub section { my( $t, $section)= @_; # arguments for all twig_handlers $section->set_tag( 'div'); # change the tag name.4, my favourite method... # let's use the attribute nb as a prefix to the title my $title= $section->first_child( 'title'); # find the title my $nb= $title->{'att'}->{'nb'}; # get the attribute $title->prefix( "$nb - "); # easy isn't it? $section->flush; # outputs the section and frees memory } There is of course more to it: you can trigger handlers on more elaborate conditions than just the name of the element, C<section/title> for example. my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_handlers => { 'section/title' => sub { $_->print } } ) ->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); Here C<< sub { $_->print } >> simply prints the current element (C<$_> is aliased to the element in the handler). You can also trigger a handler on a test on an attribute: my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_handlers => { 'section[@level="1"]' => sub { $_->print } } ); ->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); You can also use C<L<start_tag_handlers|/start_tag_handlers> > to process an element as soon as the start tag is found. Besides C<L<prefix|/prefix> > you can also use C<L<suffix|/suffix> >, =head2 Processing just parts of an XML document The twig_roots mode builds only the required sub-trees from the document Anything outside of the twig roots will just be ignored: my $t= XML::Twig->new( # the twig will include just the root and selected titles twig_roots => { 'section/title' => \&print_n_purge, 'annex/title' => \&print_n_purge } ); $t->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); sub print_n_purge { my( $t, $elt)= @_; print $elt->text; # print the text (including sub-element texts) $t->purge; # frees the memory } You can use that mode when you want to process parts of a documents but are not interested in the rest and you don't want to pay the price, either in time or memory, to build the tree for the it. =head2 Building an XML filter You can combine the C<twig_roots> and the C<twig_print_outside_roots> options to build filters, which let you modify selected elements and will output the rest of the document as is. This would convert prices in $ to prices in Euro in a document: my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { 'price' => \&convert, }, # process prices twig_print_outside_roots => 1, # print the rest ); $t->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); sub convert { my( $t, $price)= @_; my $currency= $price->{'att'}->{'currency'}; # get the currency if( $currency eq 'USD') { $usd_price= $price->text; # get the price # %rate is just a conversion table my $euro_price= $usd_price * $rate{usd2euro}; $price->set_text( $euro_price); # set the new price $price->set_att( currency => 'EUR'); # don't forget this! } $price->print; # output the price } =head2 XML::Twig and various versions of Perl, XML::Parser and expat: Before being uploaded to CPAN, XML::Twig 3.22 has been tested under the following environments: =over 4 =item linux-x86 perl 5.6.2, expat 1.95.8, XML::Parser 2.34 perl 5.8.0, expat 1.95.8, XML::Parser 2.34 perl 5.8.7, expat 1.95.8, XML::Parser2.34 =item Solaris perl 5.6.1, expat 1.95.2, XML::Parser 2.31 =back XML::Twig is a lot more sensitive to variations in versions of perl, XML::Parser and expat than to the OS, so this should cover some reasonable configurations. The "recommended configuration" is perl 5.8.3+ (for good Unicode support), XML::Parser 2.31+ and expat 1.95.5+ See L<http://testers.cpan.org/search?request=dist&dist=XML-Twig> for the CPAN testers reports on XML::Twig, which list all tested configurations. An Atom feed of the CPAN Testers results is available at L<http://xmltwig.com/rss/twig_testers.rss> Finally: =over 4 =item XML::Twig does B<NOT> work with expat 1.95.4 =item XML::Twig only works with XML::Parser 2.27 in perl 5.6.* Note that I can't compile XML::Parser 2.27 anymore, so I can't guarantee that it still works =item XML::Parser 2.28 does not really work =back When in doubt, upgrade expat, XML::Parser and Scalar::Util Finally, for some optional features, XML::Twig depends on some additional modules. The complete list, which depends somewhat on the version of Perl that you are running, is given by running C<t/zz_dump_config.t> =head1 Simplifying XML processing =over 4 =item Whitespaces Whitespaces that look non-significant are discarded, this behaviour can be controlled using the C<L<keep_spaces|/keep_spaces> >, C<L<keep_spaces_in|/keep_spaces_in> > and C<L<discard_spaces_in|/discard_spaces_in> > options. =item Encoding You can specify that you want the output in the same encoding as the input (provided you have valid XML, which means you have to specify the encoding either in the document or when you create the Twig object) using the C<L<keep_encoding|/keep_encoding> > option You can also use C<L<output_encoding>> to convert the internal UTF-8 format to the required encoding. =item Comments and Processing Instructions (PI) Comments and PI's can be hidden from the processing, but still appear in the output (they are carried by the "real" element closer to them) =item Pretty Printing XML::Twig can output the document pretty printed so it is easier to read for us humans. =item Surviving an untimely death XML parsers are supposed to react violently when fed improper XML. XML::Parser just dies. XML::Twig provides the C<L<safe_parse|/safe_parse> > and the C<L<safe_parsefile|/safe_parsefile> > methods which wrap the parse in an eval and return either the parsed twig or 0 in case of failure. =item Private attributes Attributes with a name starting with # (illegal in XML) will not be output, so you can safely use them to store temporary values during processing. Note that you can store anything in a private attribute, not just text, it's just a regular Perl variable, so a reference to an object or a huge data structure is perfectly fine. =back =head1 CLASSES XML::Twig uses a very limited number of classes. The ones you are most likely to use are C<L<XML::Twig>> of course, which represents a complete XML document, including the document itself (the root of the document itself is C<L<root>>), its handlers, its input or output filters... The other main class is C<L<XML::Twig::Elt>>, which models an XML element. Element here has a very wide definition: it can be a regular element, or but also text, with an element C<L<tag>> of C<#PCDATA> (or C<#CDATA>), an entity (tag is C<#ENT>), a Processing Instruction (C<#PI>), a comment (C<#COMMENT>). Those are the 2 commonly used classes. You might want to look the C<L<elt_class>> option if you want to subclass C<XML::Twig::Elt>. Attributes are just attached to their parent element, they are not objects per se. (Please use the provided methods C<L<att>> and C<L<set_att>> to access them, if you access them as a hash, then your code becomes implementaion dependent and might break in the future). Other classes that are seldom used are C<L<XML::Twig::Entity_list>> and C<L<XML::Twig::Entity>>. If you use C<L<XML::Twig::XPath>> instead of C<XML::Twig>, elements are then created as C<L<XML::Twig::XPath::Elt>> =head1 METHODS =head2 XML::Twig A twig is a subclass of XML::Parser, so all XML::Parser methods can be called on a twig object, including parse and parsefile. C<setHandlers> on the other hand cannot be used, see C<L<BUGS|/BUGS> > =over 4 =item new This is a class method, the constructor for XML::Twig. Options are passed as keyword value pairs. Recognized options are the same as XML::Parser, plus some XML::Twig specifics. New Options: =over 4 =item twig_handlers This argument consists of a hash C<{ expression => \&handler}> where expression is a an I<XPath-like expression> (+ some others). XPath expressions are limited to using the child and descendant axis (indeed you can't specify an axis), and predicates cannot be nested. You can use the C<string>, or C<< string(<tag>) >> function (except in C<twig_roots> triggers). Additionally you can use regexps (/ delimited) to match attribute and string values. Examples: foo foo/bar foo//bar /foo/bar /foo//bar /foo/bar[@att1 = "val1" and @att2 = "val2"]/baz[@a >= 1] foo[string()=~ /^duh!+/] /foo[string(bar)=~ /\d+/]/baz[@att != 3] #CDATA can be used to call a handler for a CDATA. #COMMENT can be used to call a handler for comments Some additional (non-XPath) expressions are also provided for convenience: =over 4 =item processing instructions C<'?'> or C<'#PI'> triggers the handler for any processing instruction, and C<< '?<target>' >> or C<< '#PI <target>' >> triggers a handler for processing instruction with the given target( ex: C<'#PI xml-stylesheet'>). =item level(<level>) Triggers the handler on any element at that level in the tree (root is level 1) =item _all_ Triggers the handler for B<all> elements in the tree =item _default_ Triggers the handler for each element that does NOT have any other handler. =back Expressions are evaluated against the input document. Which means that even if you have changed the tag of an element (changing the tag of a parent element from a handler for example) the change will not impact the expression evaluation. There is an exception to this: "private" attributes (which name start with a '#', and can only be created during the parsing, as they are not valid XML) are checked against the current twig. Handlers are triggered in fixed order, sorted by their type (xpath expressions first, then regexps, then level), then by whether they specify a full path (starting at the root element) or not, then by by number of steps in the expression , then number of predicates, then number of tests in predicates. Handlers where the last step does not specify a step (C<foo/bar/*>) are triggered after other XPath handlers. Finally C<_all_> handlers are triggered last. B<Important>: once a handler has been triggered if it returns 0 then no other handler is called, except a C<_all_> handler which will be called anyway. If a handler returns a true value and other handlers apply, then the next applicable handler will be called. Repeat, rinse, lather..; The exception to that rule is when the C<L<do_not_chain_handlers|/do_not_chain_handlers>> option is set, in which case only the first handler will be called. Note that it might be a good idea to explicitly return a short true value (like 1) from handlers: this ensures that other applicable handlers are called even if the last statement for the handler happens to evaluate to false. This might also speedup the code by avoiding the result of the last statement of the code to be copied and passed to the code managing handlers. It can really pay to have 1 instead of a long string returned. When an element is CLOSED the corresponding handler is called, with 2 arguments: the twig and the C<L<Element> >. The twig includes the document tree that has been built so far, the element is the complete sub-tree for the element. This means that handlers for inner elements are called before handlers for outer elements. C<$_> is also set to the element, so it is easy to write inline handlers like para => sub { $_->set_tag( 'p'); } Text is stored in elements whose tag is #PCDATA (due to mixed content, text and sub-element in an element there is no way to store the text as just an attribute of the enclosing element). B<Warning>: if you have used purge or flush on the twig the element might not be complete, some of its children might have been entirely flushed or purged, and the start tag might even have been printed (by C<flush>) already, so changing its tag might not give the expected result. =item twig_roots This argument let's you build the tree only for those elements you are interested in. Example: my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { title => 1, subtitle => 1}); $t->parsefile( file); my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { 'section/title' => 1}); $t->parsefile( file); return a twig containing a document including only C<title> and C<subtitle> elements, as children of the root element. You can use I<generic_attribute_condition>, I<attribute_condition>, I<full_path>, I<partial_path>, I<tag>, I<tag_regexp>, I<_default_> and I<_all_> to trigger the building of the twig. I<string_condition> and I<regexp_condition> cannot be used as the content of the element, and the string, have not yet been parsed when the condition is checked. B<WARNING>: path are checked for the document. Even if the C<twig_roots> option is used they will be checked against the full document tree, not the virtual tree created by XML::Twig B<WARNING>: twig_roots elements should NOT be nested, that would hopelessly confuse XML::Twig ;--( Note: you can set handlers (twig_handlers) using twig_roots Example: my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { title => sub { $_{1]->print;}, subtitle => \&process_subtitle } ); $t->parsefile( file); =item twig_print_outside_roots To be used in conjunction with the C<twig_roots> argument. When set to a true value this will print the document outside of the C<twig_roots> elements. Example: my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { title => \&number_title }, twig_print_outside_roots => 1, ); $t->parsefile( file); { my $nb; sub number_title { my( $twig, $title); $nb++; $title->prefix( "$nb "; } $title->print; } } This example prints the document outside of the title element, calls C<number_title> for each C<title> element, prints it, and then resumes printing the document. The twig is built only for the C<title> elements. If the value is a reference to a file handle then the document outside the C<twig_roots> elements will be output to this file handle: open( OUT, ">out_file") or die "cannot open out file out_file:$!"; my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_roots => { title => \&number_title }, # default output to OUT twig_print_outside_roots => \*OUT, ); { my $nb; sub number_title { my( $twig, $title); $nb++; $title->prefix( "$nb "; } $title->print( \*OUT); # you have to print to \*OUT here } } =item start_tag_handlers A hash C<{ expression => \&handler}>. Sets element handlers that are called when the element is open (at the end of the XML::Parser C<Start> handler). The handlers are called with 2 params: the twig and the element. The element is empty at that point, its attributes are created though. You can use I<generic_attribute_condition>, I<attribute_condition>, I<full_path>, I<partial_path>, I<tag>, I<tag_regexp>, I<_default_> and I<_all_> to trigger the handler. I<string_condition> and I<regexp_condition> cannot be used as the content of the element, and the string, have not yet been parsed when the condition is checked. The main uses for those handlers are to change the tag name (you might have to do it as soon as you find the open tag if you plan to C<flush> the twig at some point in the element, and to create temporary attributes that will be used when processing sub-element with C<twig_hanlders>. You should also use it to change tags if you use C<flush>. If you change the tag in a regular C<twig_handler> then the start tag might already have been flushed. B<Note>: C<start_tag> handlers can be called outside of C<twig_roots> if this argument is used, in this case handlers are called with the following arguments: C<$t> (the twig), C<$tag> (the tag of the element) and C<%att> (a hash of the attributes of the element). If the C<twig_print_outside_roots> argument is also used, if the last handler called returns a C<true> value, then the the start tag will be output as it appeared in the original document, if the handler returns a a C<false> value then the start tag will B<not> be printed (so you can print a modified string yourself for example). Note that you can use the L<ignore|/ignore> method in C<start_tag_handlers> (and only there). =item end_tag_handlers A hash C<{ expression => \&handler}>. Sets element handlers that are called when the element is closed (at the end of the XML::Parser C<End> handler). The handlers are called with 2 params: the twig and the tag of the element. I<twig_handlers> are called when an element is completely parsed, so why have this redundant option? There is only one use for C<end_tag_handlers>: when using the C<twig_roots> option, to trigger a handler for an element B<outside> the roots. It is for example very useful to number titles in a document using nested sections: my @no= (0); my $no; my $t= XML::Twig->new( start_tag_handlers => { section => sub { $no[$#no]++; $no= join '.', @no; push @no, 0; } }, twig_roots => { title => sub { $_[1]->prefix( $no); $_[1]->print; } }, end_tag_handlers => { section => sub { pop @no; } }, twig_print_outside_roots => 1 ); $t->parsefile( $file); Using the C<end_tag_handlers> argument without C<twig_roots> will result in an error. =item do_not_chain_handlers If this option is set to a true value, then only one handler will be called for each element, even if several satisfy the condition Note that the C<_all_> handler will still be called regardless =item ignore_elts This option lets you ignore elements when building the twig. This is useful in cases where you cannot use C<twig_roots> to ignore elements, for example if the element to ignore is a sibling of elements you are interested in. Example: my $twig= XML::Twig->new( ignore_elts => { elt => 1 }); $twig->parsefile( 'doc.xml'); This will build the complete twig for the document, except that all C<elt> elements (and their children) will be left out. =item char_handler A reference to a subroutine that will be called every time C<PCDATA> is found. The subroutine receives the string as argument, and returns the modified string: # we want all strings in upper case sub my_char_handler { my( $text)= @_; $text= uc( $text); return $text; } =item elt_class The name of a class used to store elements. this class should inherit from C<XML::Twig::Elt> (and by default it is C<XML::Twig::Elt>). This option is used to subclass the element class and extend it with new methods. This option is needed because during the parsing of the XML, elements are created by C<XML::Twig>, without any control from the user code. =item keep_atts_order Setting this option to a true value causes the attribute hash to be tied to a C<Tie::IxHash> object. This means that C<Tie::IxHash> needs to be installed for this option to be available. It also means that the hash keeps its order, so you will get the attributes in order. This allows outputting the attributes in the same order as they were in the original document. =item keep_encoding This is a (slightly?) evil option: if the XML document is not UTF-8 encoded and you want to keep it that way, then setting keep_encoding will use theC<Expat> original_string method for character, thus keeping the original encoding, as well as the original entities in the strings. See the C<t/test6.t> test file to see what results you can expect from the various encoding options. B<WARNING>: if the original encoding is multi-byte then attribute parsing will be EXTREMELY unsafe under any Perl before 5.6, as it uses regular expressions which do not deal properly with multi-byte characters. You can specify an alternate function to parse the start tags with the C<parse_start_tag> option (see below) B<WARNING>: this option is NOT used when parsing with the non-blocking parser (C<parse_start>, C<parse_more>, parse_done methods) which you probably should not use with XML::Twig anyway as they are totally untested! =item output_encoding This option generates an output_filter using C<Encode>, C<Text::Iconv> or C<Unicode::Map8> and C<Unicode::Strings>, and sets the encoding in the XML declaration. This is the easiest way to deal with encodings, if you need more sophisticated features, look at C<output_filter> below =item output_filter This option is used to convert the character encoding of the output document. It is passed either a string corresponding to a predefined filter or a subroutine reference. The filter will be called every time a document or element is processed by the "print" functions (C<print>, C<sprint>, C<flush>). Pre-defined filters: =over 4 =item latin1 uses either C<Encode>, C<Text::Iconv> or C<Unicode::Map8> and C<Unicode::String> or a regexp (which works only with XML::Parser 2.27), in this order, to convert all characters to ISO-8859-1 (aka latin1) =item html does the same conversion as C<latin1>, plus encodes entities using C<HTML::Entities> (oddly enough you will need to have HTML::Entities installed for it to be available). This should only be used if the tags and attribute names themselves are in US-ASCII, or they will be converted and the output will not be valid XML any more =item safe converts the output to ASCII (US) only plus I<character entities> (C<&#nnn;>) this should be used only if the tags and attribute names themselves are in US-ASCII, or they will be converted and the output will not be valid XML any more =item safe_hex same as C<safe> except that the character entities are in hexa (C<&#xnnn;>) =item encode_convert ($encoding) Return a subref that can be used to convert utf8 strings to C<$encoding>). Uses C<Encode>. my $conv = XML::Twig::encode_convert( 'latin1'); my $t = XML::Twig->new(output_filter => $conv); =item iconv_convert ($encoding) this function is used to create a filter subroutine that will be used to convert the characters to the target encoding using C<Text::Iconv> (which needs to be installed, look at the documentation for the module and for the C<iconv> library to find out which encodings are available on your system) my $conv = XML::Twig::iconv_convert( 'latin1'); my $t = XML::Twig->new(output_filter => $conv); =item unicode_convert ($encoding) this function is used to create a filter subroutine that will be used to convert the characters to the target encoding using C<Unicode::Strings> and C<Unicode::Map8> (which need to be installed, look at the documentation for the modules to find out which encodings are available on your system) my $conv = XML::Twig::unicode_convert( 'latin1'); my $t = XML::Twig->new(output_filter => $conv); =back The C<text> and C<att> methods do not use the filter, so their result are always in unicode. Those predeclared filters are based on subroutines that can be used by themselves (as C<XML::Twig::foo>). =over 4 =item html_encode ($string) Use C<HTML::Entities> to encode a utf8 string =item safe_encode ($string) Use either a regexp (perl < 5.8) or C<Encode> to encode non-ascii characters in the string in C<< &#<nnnn>; >> format =item safe_encode_hex ($string) Use either a regexp (perl < 5.8) or C<Encode> to encode non-ascii characters in the string in C<< &#x<nnnn>; >> format =item regexp2latin1 ($string) Use a regexp to encode a utf8 string into latin 1 (ISO-8859-1). Does not work with Perl 5.8.0! =back =item output_text_filter same as output_filter, except it doesn't apply to the brackets and quotes around attribute values. This is useful for all filters that could change the tagging, basically anything that does not just change the encoding of the output. C<html>, C<safe> and C<safe_hex> are better used with this option. =item input_filter This option is similar to C<output_filter> except the filter is applied to the characters before they are stored in the twig, at parsing time. =item remove_cdata Setting this option to a true value will force the twig to output CDATA sections as regular (escaped) PCDATA =item parse_start_tag If you use the C<keep_encoding> option then this option can be used to replace the default parsing function. You should provide a coderef (a reference to a subroutine) as the argument, this subroutine takes the original tag (given by XML::Parser::Expat C<original_string()> method) and returns a tag and the attributes in a hash (or in a list attribute_name/attribute value). =item expand_external_ents When this option is used external entities (that are defined) are expanded when the document is output using "print" functions such as C<L<print> >, C<L<sprint|/sprint> >, C<L<flush|/flush> > and C<L<xml_string|/xml_string> >. Note that in the twig the entity will be stored as an element with a tag 'C<#ENT>', the entity will not be expanded there, so you might want to process the entities before outputting it. If an external entity is not available, then the parse will fail. A special case is when the value of this option is -1. In that case a missing entity will not cause the parser to die, but its C<name>, C<sysid> and C<pubid> will be stored in the twig as C<< $twig->{twig_missing_system_entities} >> (a reference to an array of hashes { name => <name>, sysid => <sysid>, pubid => <pubid> }). Yes, this is a bit of a hack, but it's useful in some cases. =item load_DTD If this argument is set to a true value, C<parse> or C<parsefile> on the twig will load the DTD information. This information can then be accessed through the twig, in a C<DTD_handler> for example. This will load even an external DTD. Default and fixed values for attributes will also be filled, based on the DTD. Note that to do this the module will generate a temporary file in the current directory. If this is a problem let me know and I will add an option to specify an alternate directory. See L<DTD Handling> for more information =item DTD_handler Set a handler that will be called once the doctype (and the DTD) have been loaded, with 2 arguments, the twig and the DTD. =item no_prolog Does not output a prolog (XML declaration and DTD) =item id This optional argument gives the name of an attribute that can be used as an ID in the document. Elements whose ID is known can be accessed through the elt_id method. id defaults to 'id'. See C<L<BUGS|/BUGS> > =item discard_spaces If this optional argument is set to a true value then spaces are discarded when they look non-significant: strings containing only spaces are discarded. This argument is set to true by default. =item keep_spaces If this optional argument is set to a true value then all spaces in the document are kept, and stored as C<PCDATA>. B<Warning>: adding this option can result in changes in the twig generated: space that was previously discarded might end up in a new text element. see the difference by calling the following code with 0 and 1 as arguments: perl -MXML::Twig -e'print XML::Twig->new( keep_spaces => shift)->parse( "<d> \n<e/></d>")->_dump' C<keep_spaces> and C<discard_spaces> cannot be both set. =item discard_spaces_in This argument sets C<keep_spaces> to true but will cause the twig builder to discard spaces in the elements listed. The syntax for using this argument is: XML::Twig->new( discard_spaces_in => [ 'elt1', 'elt2']); =item keep_spaces_in This argument sets C<discard_spaces> to true but will cause the twig builder to keep spaces in the elements listed. The syntax for using this argument is: XML::Twig->new( keep_spaces_in => [ 'elt1', 'elt2']); B<Warning>: adding this option can result in changes in the twig generated: space that was previously discarded might end up in a new text element. =item pretty_print Set the pretty print method, amongst 'C<none>' (default), 'C<nsgmls>', 'C<nice>', 'C<indented>', 'C<indented_c>', 'C<indented_a>', 'C<indented_close_tag>', 'C<cvs>', 'C<wrapped>', 'C<record>' and 'C<record_c>' pretty_print formats: =over 4 =item none The document is output as one ling string, with no line breaks except those found within text elements =item nsgmls Line breaks are inserted in safe places: that is within tags, between a tag and an attribute, between attributes and before the > at the end of a tag. This is quite ugly but better than C<none>, and it is very safe, the document will still be valid (conforming to its DTD). This is how the SGML parser C<sgmls> splits documents, hence the name. =item nice This option inserts line breaks before any tag that does not contain text (so element with textual content are not broken as the \n is the significant). B<WARNING>: this option leaves the document well-formed but might make it invalid (not conformant to its DTD). If you have elements declared as <!ELEMENT foo (#PCDATA|bar)> then a C<foo> element including a C<bar> one will be printed as <foo> <bar>bar is just pcdata</bar> </foo> This is invalid, as the parser will take the line break after the C<foo> tag as a sign that the element contains PCDATA, it will then die when it finds the C<bar> tag. This may or may not be important for you, but be aware of it! =item indented Same as C<nice> (and with the same warning) but indents elements according to their level =item indented_c Same as C<indented> but a little more compact: the closing tags are on the same line as the preceding text =item indented_close_tag Same as C<indented> except that the closing tag is also indented, to line up with the tags within the element =item idented_a This formats XML files in a line-oriented version control friendly way. The format is described in L<http://tinyurl.com/2kwscq> (that's an Oracle document with an insanely long URL). Note that to be totaly conformant to the "spec", the order of attributes should not be changed, so if they are not already in alphabetical order you will need to use the C<L<keep_atts_order>> option. =item cvs Same as C<L<idented_a>>. =item wrapped Same as C<indented_c> but lines are wrapped using L<Text::Wrap::wrap>. The default length for lines is the default for C<$Text::Wrap::columns>, and can be changed by changing that variable. =item record This is a record-oriented pretty print, that display data in records, one field per line (which looks a LOT like C<indented>) =item record_c Stands for record compact, one record per line =back =item empty_tags Set the empty tag display style ('C<normal>', 'C<html>' or 'C<expand>'). C<normal> outputs an empty tag 'C<< <tag/> >>', C<html> adds a space 'C<< <tag /> >>' for elements that can be empty in XHTML and C<expand> outputs 'C<< <tag></tag> >>' =item quote Set the quote character for attributes ('C<single>' or 'C<double>'). =item escape_gt By default XML::Twig does not escape the character > in its output, as it is not mandated by the XML spec. With this option on, > will be replaced by C<>> =item comments Set the way comments are processed: 'C<drop>' (default), 'C<keep>' or 'C<process>' Comments processing options: =over 4 =item drop drops the comments, they are not read, nor printed to the output =item keep comments are loaded and will appear on the output, they are not accessible within the twig and will not interfere with processing though B<Note>: comments in the middle of a text element such as <p>text <!-- comment --> more text --></p> are kept at their original position in the text. Using "print" methods like C<print> or C<sprint> will return the comments in the text. Using C<text> or C<field> on the other hand will not. Any use of C<set_pcdata> on the C<#PCDATA> element (directly or through other methods like C<set_content>) will delete the comment(s). =item process comments are loaded in the twig and will be treated as regular elements (their C<tag> is C<#COMMENT>) this can interfere with processing if you expect C<< $elt->{first_child} >> to be an element but find a comment there. Validation will not protect you from this as comments can happen anywhere. You can use C<< $elt->first_child( 'tag') >> (which is a good habit anyway) to get where you want. Consider using C<process> if you are outputting SAX events from XML::Twig. =back =item pi Set the way processing instructions are processed: 'C<drop>', 'C<keep>' (default) or 'C<process>' Note that you can also set PI handlers in the C<twig_handlers> option: '?' => \&handler '?target' => \&handler 2 The handlers will be called with 2 parameters, the twig and the PI element if C<pi> is set to C<process>, and with 3, the twig, the target and the data if C<pi> is set to C<keep>. Of course they will not be called if C<pi> is set to C<drop>. If C<pi> is set to C<keep> the handler should return a string that will be used as-is as the PI text (it should look like "C< <?target data?> >" or '' if you want to remove the PI), Only one handler will be called, C<?target> or C<?> if no specific handler for that target is available. =item map_xmlns This option is passed a hashref that maps uri's to prefixes. The prefixes in the document will be replaced by the ones in the map. The mapped prefixes can (actually have to) be used to trigger handlers, navigate or query the document. Here is an example: my $t= XML::Twig->new( map_xmlns => {'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' => "svg"}, twig_handlers => { 'svg:circle' => sub { $_->set_att( r => 20) } }, pretty_print => 'indented', ) ->parse( '<doc xmlns:gr="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <gr:circle cx="10" cy="90" r="10"/> </doc>' ) ->print; This will output: <doc xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <svg:circle cx="10" cy="90" r="20"/> </doc> =item keep_original_prefix When used with C<L<map_xmlns>> this option will make C<XML::Twig> use the original namespace prefixes when outputting a document. The mapped prefix will still be used for triggering handlers and in navigation and query methods. my $t= XML::Twig->new( map_xmlns => {'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' => "svg"}, twig_handlers => { 'svg:circle' => sub { $_->set_att( r => 20) } }, keep_original_prefix => 1, pretty_print => 'indented', ) ->parse( '<doc xmlns:gr="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <gr:circle cx="10" cy="90" r="10"/> </doc>' ) ->print; This will output: <doc xmlns:gr="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <gr:circle cx="10" cy="90" r="20"/> </doc> =item index ($arrayref or $hashref) This option creates lists of specific elements during the parsing of the XML. It takes a reference to either a list of triggering expressions or to a hash name => expression, and for each one generates the list of elements that match the expression. The list can be accessed through the C<L<index>> method. example: # using an array ref my $t= XML::Twig->new( index => [ 'div', 'table' ]) ->parsefile( "foo.xml'); my $divs= $t->index( 'div'); my $first_div= $divs->[0]; my $last_table= $t->index( table => -1); # using a hashref to name the indexes my $t= XML::Twig->new( index => { email => 'a[@href=~/^\s*mailto:/]') ->parsefile( "foo.xml'); my $last_emails= $t->index( email => -1); Note that the index is not maintained after the parsing. If elements are deleted, renamed or otherwise hurt during processing, the index is NOT updated. =back B<Note>: I _HATE_ the Java-like name of arguments used by most XML modules. So in pure TIMTOWTDI fashion all arguments can be written either as C<UglyJavaLikeName> or as C<readable_perl_name>: C<twig_print_outside_roots> or C<TwigPrintOutsideRoots> (or even C<twigPrintOutsideRoots> {shudder}). XML::Twig normalizes them before processing them. =item parse ( $source) The C<$source> parameter should either be a string containing the whole XML document, or it should be an open C<IO::Handle>. Constructor options to C<XML::Parser::Expat> given as keyword-value pairs may follow theC<$source> parameter. These override, for this call, any options or attributes passed through from the XML::Parser instance. A die call is thrown if a parse error occurs. Otherwise it will return the twig built by the parse. Use C<safe_parse> if you want the parsing to return even when an error occurs. If this method is called as a class method (C<< XML::Twig->parse( $some_xml_or_html) >>) then an XML::Twig object is created, using the parameters except the last one (eg C<< XML::Twig->parse( pretty_print => 'indented', $some_xml_or_html) >>) and C<L<xparse>> is called on it. =item parsestring This is just an alias for C<parse> for backwards compatibility. =item parsefile (FILE [, OPT => OPT_VALUE [...]]) Open C<FILE> for reading, then call C<parse> with the open handle. The file is closed no matter how C<parse> returns. A C<die> call is thrown if a parse error occurs. Otherwise it will return the twig built by the parse. Use C<safe_parsefile> if you want the parsing to return even when an error occurs. =item parsefile_inplace ( $file, $optional_extension) Parse and update a file "in place". It does this by creating a temp file, selecting it as the default for print() statements (and methods), then parsing the input file. If the parsing is successful, then the temp file is moved to replace the input file. If an extension is given then the original file is backed-up (the rules for the extension are the same as the rule for the -i option in perl). =item parsefile_html_inplace ( $file, $optional_extension) Same as parsefile_inplace, except that it parses HTML instead of XML =item parseurl ($url $optional_user_agent) Gets the data from C<$url> and parse it. The data is piped to the parser in chunks the size of the XML::Parser::Expat buffer, so memory consumption and hopefully speed are optimal. For most (read "small") XML it is probably as efficient (and easier to debug) to just C<get> the XML file and then parse it as a string. use XML::Twig; use LWP::Simple; my $twig= XML::Twig->new(); $twig->parse( LWP::Simple::get( $URL )); or use XML::Twig; my $twig= XML::Twig->nparse( $URL); If the C<$optional_user_agent> argument is used then it is used, otherwise a new one is created. =item safe_parse ( SOURCE [, OPT => OPT_VALUE [...]]) This method is similar to C<parse> except that it wraps the parsing in an C<eval> block. It returns the twig on success and 0 on failure (the twig object also contains the parsed twig). C<$@> contains the error message on failure. Note that the parsing still stops as soon as an error is detected, there is no way to keep going after an error. =item safe_parsefile (FILE [, OPT => OPT_VALUE [...]]) This method is similar to C<parsefile> except that it wraps the parsing in an C<eval> block. It returns the twig on success and 0 on failure (the twig object also contains the parsed twig) . C<$@> contains the error message on failure Note that the parsing still stops as soon as an error is detected, there is no way to keep going after an error. =item safe_parseurl ($url $optional_user_agent) Same as C<parseurl> except that it wraps the parsing in an C<eval> block. It returns the twig on success and 0 on failure (the twig object also contains the parsed twig) . C<$@> contains the error message on failure =item parse_html ($string_or_fh) parse an HTML string or file handle (by converting it to XML using HTML::TreeBuilder, which needs to be available). This works nicely, but some information gets lost in the process: newlines are removed, and (at least on the version I use), comments get get an extra CDATA section inside ( <!-- foo --> becomes <!-- <![CDATA[ foo ]]> --> =item parsefile_html parse an HTML file (by converting it to XML using HTML::TreeBuilder, which needs to be available). The file is loaded completely in memory and converted to XML before being parsed. B<Alpha>: implementation, and thus generated XML could change. =item safe_parseurl_html ($url $optional_user_agent) Same as C<L<parseurl_html>>> except that it wraps the parsing in an C<eval> block. It returns the twig on success and 0 on failure (the twig object also contains the parsed twig) . C<$@> contains the error message on failure =item safe_parsefile_html ($file $optional_user_agent) Same as C<L<parsefile_html>>> except that it wraps the parsing in an C<eval> block. It returns the twig on success and 0 on failure (the twig object also contains the parsed twig) . C<$@> contains the error message on failure =item safe_parse_html ($string_or_fh) Same as C<L<parse_html>> except that it wraps the parsing in an C<eval> block. It returns the twig on success and 0 on failure (the twig object also contains the parsed twig) . C<$@> contains the error message on failure =item xparse ($thing_to_parse) parse the C<$thing_to_parse>, whether it is a filehandle, a string, an HTML file, an HTML URL, an URL or a file. Note that this is mostly a convenience method for one-off scripts. For example files that end in '.htm' or '.html' are parsed first as XML, and if this fails as HTML. This is certainly not the most efficient way to do this in general. =item nparse ($optional_twig_options, $thing_to_parse) create a twig with the C<$optional_options>, and parse the C<$thing_to_parse>, whether it is a filehandle, a string, an HTML file, an HTML URL, an URL or a file. Examples: XML::Twig->nparse( "file.xml"); XML::Twig->nparse( error_context => 1, "file://file.xml"); =item nparse_pp ($optional_twig_options, $thing_to_parse) same as C<L<nparse>> but also sets the C<pretty_print> option to C<indented>. =item nparse_e ($optional_twig_options, $thing_to_parse) same as C<L<nparse>> but also sets the C<error_context> option to 1. =item nparse_ppe ($optional_twig_options, $thing_to_parse) same as C<L<nparse>> but also sets the C<pretty_print> option to C<indented> and the C<error_context> option to 1. =item parser This method returns the C<expat> object (actually the XML::Parser::Expat object) used during parsing. It is useful for example to call XML::Parser::Expat methods on it. To get the line of a tag for example use C<< $t->parser->current_line >>. =item setTwigHandlers ($handlers) Set the twig_handlers. C<$handlers> is a reference to a hash similar to the one in the C<twig_handlers> option of new. All previous handlers are unset. The method returns the reference to the previous handlers. =item setTwigHandler ($exp $handler) Set a single twig_handler for elements matching C<$exp>. C<$handler> is a reference to a subroutine. If the handler was previously set then the reference to the previous handler is returned. =item setStartTagHandlers ($handlers) Set the start_tag handlers. C<$handlers> is a reference to a hash similar to the one in the C<start_tag_handlers> option of new. All previous handlers are unset. The method returns the reference to the previous handlers. =item setStartTagHandler ($exp $handler) Set a single start_tag handlers for elements matching C<$exp>. C<$handler> is a reference to a subroutine. If the handler was previously set then the reference to the previous handler is returned. =item setEndTagHandlers ($handlers) Set the end_tag handlers. C<$handlers> is a reference to a hash similar to the one in the C<end_tag_handlers> option of new. All previous handlers are unset. The method returns the reference to the previous handlers. =item setEndTagHandler ($exp $handler) Set a single end_tag handlers for elements matching C<$exp>. C<$handler> is a reference to a subroutine. If the handler was previously set then the reference to the previous handler is returned. =item setTwigRoots ($handlers) Same as using the C<L<twig_roots>> option when creating the twig =item setCharHandler ($exp $handler) Set a C<char_handler> =item setIgnoreEltsHandler ($exp) Set a C<ignore_elt> handler (elements that match C<$exp> will be ignored =item setIgnoreEltsHandlers ($exp) Set all C<ignore_elt> handlers (previous handlers are replaced) =item dtd Return the dtd (an L<XML::Twig::DTD> object) of a twig =item xmldecl Return the XML declaration for the document, or a default one if it doesn't have one =item doctype Return the doctype for the document =item doctype_name returns the doctype of the document from the doctype declaration =item system_id returns the system value of the DTD of the document from the doctype declaration =item public_id returns the public doctype of the document from the doctype declaration =item internal_subset returns the internal subset of the DTD =item dtd_text Return the DTD text =item dtd_print Print the DTD =item model ($tag) Return the model (in the DTD) for the element C<$tag> =item root Return the root element of a twig =item set_root ($elt) Set the root of a twig =item first_elt ($optional_condition) Return the first element matching C<$optional_condition> of a twig, if no condition is given then the root is returned =item last_elt ($optional_condition) Return the last element matching C<$optional_condition> of a twig, if no condition is given then the last element of the twig is returned =item elt_id ($id) Return the element whose C<id> attribute is $id =item getEltById Same as C<L<elt_id>> =item index ($index_name, $optional_index) If the C<$optional_index> argument is present, return the corresponding element in the index (created using the C<index> option for C<XML::Twig->new>) If the argument is not present, return an arrayref to the index =item normalize merge together all consecutive pcdata elements in the document (if for example you have turned some elements into pcdata using C<L<erase>>, this will give you a "clean" document in which there all text elements are as long as possible). =item encoding This method returns the encoding of the XML document, as defined by the C<encoding> attribute in the XML declaration (ie it is C<undef> if the attribute is not defined) =item set_encoding This method sets the value of the C<encoding> attribute in the XML declaration. Note that if the document did not have a declaration it is generated (with an XML version of 1.0) =item xml_version This method returns the XML version, as defined by the C<version> attribute in the XML declaration (ie it is C<undef> if the attribute is not defined) =item set_xml_version This method sets the value of the C<version> attribute in the XML declaration. If the declaration did not exist it is created. =item standalone This method returns the value of the C<standalone> declaration for the document =item set_standalone This method sets the value of the C<standalone> attribute in the XML declaration. Note that if the document did not have a declaration it is generated (with an XML version of 1.0) =item set_output_encoding Set the C<encoding> "attribute" in the XML declaration =item set_doctype ($name, $system, $public, $internal) Set the doctype of the element. If an argument is C<undef> (or not present) then its former value is retained, if a false ('' or 0) value is passed then the former value is deleted; =item entity_list Return the entity list of a twig =item entity_names Return the list of all defined entities =item entity ($entity_name) Return the entity =item change_gi ($old_gi, $new_gi) Performs a (very fast) global change. All elements C<$old_gi> are now C<$new_gi>. This is a bit dangerous though and should be avoided if < possible, as the new tag might be ignored in subsequent processing. See C<L<BUGS|/BUGS> > =item flush ($optional_filehandle, %options) Flushes a twig up to (and including) the current element, then deletes all unnecessary elements from the tree that's kept in memory. C<flush> keeps track of which elements need to be open/closed, so if you flush from handlers you don't have to worry about anything. Just keep flushing the twig every time you're done with a sub-tree and it will come out well-formed. After the whole parsing don't forget toC<flush> one more time to print the end of the document. The doctype and entity declarations are also printed. flush take an optional filehandle as an argument. options: use the C<update_DTD> option if you have updated the (internal) DTD and/or the entity list and you want the updated DTD to be output The C<pretty_print> option sets the pretty printing of the document. Example: $t->flush( Update_DTD => 1); $t->flush( $filehandle, pretty_print => 'indented'); $t->flush( \*FILE); =item flush_up_to ($elt, $optional_filehandle, %options) Flushes up to the C<$elt> element. This allows you to keep part of the tree in memory when you C<flush>. options: see flush. =item purge Does the same as a C<flush> except it does not print the twig. It just deletes all elements that have been completely parsed so far. =item purge_up_to ($elt) Purges up to the C<$elt> element. This allows you to keep part of the tree in memory when you C<purge>. =item print ($optional_filehandle, %options) Prints the whole document associated with the twig. To be used only AFTER the parse. options: see C<flush>. =item print_to_file ($filename, %options) Prints the whole document associated with the twig to file C<$filename>. To be used only AFTER the parse. options: see C<flush>. =item sprint Return the text of the whole document associated with the twig. To be used only AFTER the parse. options: see C<flush>. =item trim Trim the document: gets rid of initial and trailing spaces, and replaces multiple spaces by a single one. =item toSAX1 ($handler) Send SAX events for the twig to the SAX1 handler C<$handler> =item toSAX2 ($handler) Send SAX events for the twig to the SAX2 handler C<$handler> =item flush_toSAX1 ($handler) Same as flush, except that SAX events are sent to the SAX1 handler C<$handler> instead of the twig being printed =item flush_toSAX2 ($handler) Same as flush, except that SAX events are sent to the SAX2 handler C<$handler> instead of the twig being printed =item ignore This method should be called during parsing, usually in C<start_tag_handlers>. It causes the element to be skipped during the parsing: the twig is not built for this element, it will not be accessible during parsing or after it. The element will not take up any memory and parsing will be faster. Note that this method can also be called on an element. If the element is a parent of the current element then this element will be ignored (the twig will not be built any more for it and what has already been built will be deleted). =item set_pretty_print ($style) Set the pretty print method, amongst 'C<none>' (default), 'C<nsgmls>', 'C<nice>', 'C<indented>', C<indented_c>, 'C<wrapped>', 'C<record>' and 'C<record_c>' B<WARNING:> the pretty print style is a B<GLOBAL> variable, so once set it's applied to B<ALL> C<print>'s (and C<sprint>'s). Same goes if you use XML::Twig with C<mod_perl> . This should not be a problem as the XML that's generated is valid anyway, and XML processors (as well as HTML processors, including browsers) should not care. Let me know if this is a big problem, but at the moment the performance/cleanliness trade-off clearly favors the global approach. =item set_empty_tag_style ($style) Set the empty tag display style ('C<normal>', 'C<html>' or 'C<expand>'). As with C<L<set_pretty_print>> this sets a global flag. C<normal> outputs an empty tag 'C<< <tag/> >>', C<html> adds a space 'C<< <tag /> >>' for elements that can be empty in XHTML and C<expand> outputs 'C<< <tag></tag> >>' =item set_remove_cdata ($flag) set (or unset) the flag that forces the twig to output CDATA sections as regular (escaped) PCDATA =item print_prolog ($optional_filehandle, %options) Prints the prolog (XML declaration + DTD + entity declarations) of a document. options: see C<L<flush>>. =item prolog ($optional_filehandle, %options) Return the prolog (XML declaration + DTD + entity declarations) of a document. options: see C<L<flush>>. =item finish Call Expat C<finish> method. Unsets all handlers (including internal ones that set context), but expat continues parsing to the end of the document or until it finds an error. It should finish up a lot faster than with the handlers set. =item finish_print Stops twig processing, flush the twig and proceed to finish printing the document as fast as possible. Use this method when modifying a document and the modification is done. =item finish_now Stops twig processing, does not finish parsing the document (which could actually be not well-formed after the point where C<finish_now> is called). Execution resumes after the C<Lparse>> or C<L<parsefile>> call. The content of the twig is what has been parsed so far (all open elements at the time C<finish_now> is called are considered closed). =item set_expand_external_entities Same as using the C<L<expand_external_ents>> option when creating the twig =item set_input_filter Same as using the C<L<input_filter>> option when creating the twig =item set_keep_atts_order Same as using the C<L<keep_atts_order>> option when creating the twig =item set_keep_encoding Same as using the C<L<keep_encoding>> option when creating the twig =item escape_gt usually XML::Twig does not escape > in its output. Using this option makes it replace > by > =item do_not_escape_gt reverts XML::Twig behavior to its default of not escaping > in its output. =item set_output_filter Same as using the C<L<output_filter>> option when creating the twig =item set_output_text_filter Same as using the C<L<output_text_filter>> option when creating the twig =item add_stylesheet ($type, @options) Adds an external stylesheet to an XML document. Supported types and options: =over 4 =item xsl option: the url of the stylesheet Example: $t->add_stylesheet( xsl => "xsl_style.xsl"); will generate the following PI at the beginning of the document: <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xsl_style.xsl"?> =item css option: the url of the stylesheet =back =item Methods inherited from XML::Parser::Expat A twig inherits all the relevant methods from XML::Parser::Expat. These methods can only be used during the parsing phase (they will generate a fatal error otherwise). Inherited methods are: =over 4 =item depth Returns the size of the context list. =item in_element Returns true if NAME is equal to the name of the innermost currently opened element. If namespace processing is being used and you want to check against a name that may be in a namespace, then use the generate_ns_name method to create the NAME argument. =item within_element Returns the number of times the given name appears in the context list. If namespace processing is being used and you want to check against a name that may be in a namespace, then use the generate_ns_name method to create the NAME argument. =item context Returns a list of element names that represent open elements, with the last one being the innermost. Inside start and end tag handlers, this will be the tag of the parent element. =item current_line Returns the line number of the current position of the parse. =item current_column Returns the column number of the current position of the parse. =item current_byte Returns the current position of the parse. =item position_in_context Returns a string that shows the current parse position. LINES should be an integer >= 0 that represents the number of lines on either side of the current parse line to place into the returned string. =item base ([NEWBASE]) Returns the current value of the base for resolving relative URIs. If NEWBASE is supplied, changes the base to that value. =item current_element Returns the name of the innermost currently opened element. Inside start or end handlers, returns the parent of the element associated with those tags. =item element_index Returns an integer that is the depth-first visit order of the current element. This will be zero outside of the root element. For example, this will return 1 when called from the start handler for the root element start tag. =item recognized_string Returns the string from the document that was recognized in order to call the current handler. For instance, when called from a start handler, it will give us the the start-tag string. The string is encoded in UTF-8. This method doesn't return a meaningful string inside declaration handlers. =item original_string Returns the verbatim string from the document that was recognized in order to call the current handler. The string is in the original document encoding. This method doesn't return a meaningful string inside declaration handlers. =item xpcroak Concatenate onto the given message the current line number within the XML document plus the message implied by ErrorContext. Then croak with the formed message. =item xpcarp Concatenate onto the given message the current line number within the XML document plus the message implied by ErrorContext. Then carp with the formed message. =item xml_escape(TEXT [, CHAR [, CHAR ...]]) Returns TEXT with markup characters turned into character entities. Any additional characters provided as arguments are also turned into character references where found in TEXT. (this method is broken on some versions of expat/XML::Parser) =back =item path ( $optional_tag) Return the element context in a form similar to XPath's short form: 'C</root/tag1/../tag>' =item get_xpath ( $optional_array_ref, $xpath, $optional_offset) Performs a C<get_xpath> on the document root (see <Elt|"Elt">) If the C<$optional_array_ref> argument is used the array must contain elements. The C<$xpath> expression is applied to each element in turn and the result is union of all results. This way a first query can be refined in further steps. =item find_nodes ( $optional_array_ref, $xpath, $optional_offset) same as C<get_xpath> =item findnodes ( $optional_array_ref, $xpath, $optional_offset) same as C<get_xpath> (similar to the XML::LibXML method) =item findvalue ( $optional_array_ref, $xpath, $optional_offset) Return the C<join> of all texts of the results of applying C<L<get_xpath>> to the node (similar to the XML::LibXML method) =item subs_text ($regexp, $replace) subs_text does text substitution on the whole document, similar to perl's C< s///> operator. =item dispose Useful only if you don't have C<Scalar::Util> or C<WeakRef> installed. Reclaims properly the memory used by an XML::Twig object. As the object has circular references it never goes out of scope, so if you want to parse lots of XML documents then the memory leak becomes a problem. Use C<< $twig->dispose >> to clear this problem. =item create_accessors (list_of_attribute_names) A convenience method that creates l-valued accessors for attributes. So C<< $twig->create_accessors( 'foo') >> will create a C<foo> method that can be called on elements: $elt->foo; # equivalent to $elt->{'att'}->{'foo'}; $elt->foo( 'bar'); # equivalent to $elt->set_att( foo => 'bar'); =item set_do_not_escape_amp_in_atts An evil method, that I only document because Test::Pod::Coverage complaints otherwise, but really, you don't want to know about it. =back =head2 XML::Twig::Elt =over 4 =item new ($optional_tag, $optional_atts, @optional_content) The C<tag> is optional (but then you can't have a content ), the C<$optional_atts> argument is a reference to a hash of attributes, the content can be just a string or a list of strings and element. A content of 'C<#EMPTY>' creates an empty element; Examples: my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new(); my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( para => { align => 'center' }); my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( para => { align => 'center' }, 'foo'); my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( br => '#EMPTY'); my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( 'para'); my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( para => 'this is a para'); my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( para => $elt3, 'another para'); The strings are not parsed, the element is not attached to any twig. B<WARNING>: if you rely on ID's then you will have to set the id yourself. At this point the element does not belong to a twig yet, so the ID attribute is not known so it won't be stored in the ID list. Note that C<#COMMENT>, C<#PCDATA> or C<#CDATA> are valid tag names, that will create text elements. To create an element C<foo> containing a CDATA section: my $foo= XML::Twig::Elt->new( '#CDATA' => "content of the CDATA section") ->wrap_in( 'foo'); An attribute of '#CDATA', will create the content of the element as CDATA: my $elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( 'p' => { '#CDATA' => 1}, 'foo < bar'); creates an element <p><![CDATA[foo < bar]]></> =item parse ($string, %args) Creates an element from an XML string. The string is actually parsed as a new twig, then the root of that twig is returned. The arguments in C<%args> are passed to the twig. As always if the parse fails the parser will die, so use an eval if you want to trap syntax errors. As obviously the element does not exist beforehand this method has to be called on the class: my $elt= parse XML::Twig::Elt( "<a> string to parse, with <sub/> <elements>, actually tons of </elements> h</a>"); =item set_inner_xml ($string) Sets the content of the element to be the tree created from the string =item set_inner_html ($string) Sets the content of the element, after parsing the string with an HTML parser (HTML::Parser) =item print ($optional_filehandle, $optional_pretty_print_style) Prints an entire element, including the tags, optionally to a C<$optional_filehandle>, optionally with a C<$pretty_print_style>. The print outputs XML data so base entities are escaped. =item sprint ($elt, $optional_no_enclosing_tag) Return the xml string for an entire element, including the tags. If the optional second argument is true then only the string inside the element is returned (the start and end tag for $elt are not). The text is XML-escaped: base entities (& and < in text, & < and " in attribute values) are turned into entities. =item gi Return the gi of the element (the gi is the C<generic identifier> the tag name in SGML parlance). C<tag> and C<name> are synonyms of C<gi>. =item tag Same as C<L<gi|/gi>> =item name Same as C<L<tag|/tag>> =item set_gi ($tag) Set the gi (tag) of an element =item set_tag ($tag) Set the tag (=C<L<tag|/tag>>) of an element =item set_name ($name) Set the name (=C<L<tag|/tag>>) of an element =item root Return the root of the twig in which the element is contained. =item twig Return the twig containing the element. =item parent ($optional_condition) Return the parent of the element, or the first ancestor matching the C<$optional_condition> =item first_child ($optional_condition) Return the first child of the element, or the first child matching the C<$optional_condition> =item has_child ($optional_condition) Return the first child of the element, or the first child matching the C<$optional_condition> (same as L<first_child>) =item has_children ($optional_condition) Return the first child of the element, or the first child matching the C<$optional_condition> (same as L<first_child>) =item first_child_text ($optional_condition) Return the text of the first child of the element, or the first child matching the C<$optional_condition> If there is no first_child then returns ''. This avoids getting the child, checking for its existence then getting the text for trivial cases. Similar methods are available for the other navigation methods: =over 4 =item last_child_text =item prev_sibling_text =item next_sibling_text =item prev_elt_text =item next_elt_text =item child_text =item parent_text =back All this methods also exist in "trimmed" variant: =over 4 =item first_child_trimmed_text =item last_child_trimmed_text =item prev_sibling_trimmed_text =item next_sibling_trimmed_text =item prev_elt_trimmed_text =item next_elt_trimmed_text =item child_trimmed_text =item parent_trimmed_text =back =item field ($condition) Same method as C<first_child_text> with a different name =item fields ($condition_list) Return the list of field (text of first child matching the conditions), missing fields are returned as the empty string. Same method as C<first_child_text> with a different name =item trimmed_field ($optional_condition) Same method as C<first_child_trimmed_text> with a different name =item set_field ($condition, $optional_atts, @list_of_elt_and_strings) Set the content of the first child of the element that matches C<$condition>, the rest of the arguments is the same as for C<L<set_content>> If no child matches C<$condition> _and_ if C<$condition> is a valid XML element name, then a new element by that name is created and inserted as the last child. =item first_child_matches ($optional_condition) Return the element if the first child of the element (if it exists) passes the C<$optional_condition> C<undef> otherwise if( $elt->first_child_matches( 'title')) ... is equivalent to if( $elt->{first_child} && $elt->{first_child}->passes( 'title')) C<first_child_is> is another name for this method Similar methods are available for the other navigation methods: =over 4 =item last_child_matches =item prev_sibling_matches =item next_sibling_matches =item prev_elt_matches =item next_elt_matches =item child_matches =item parent_matches =back =item is_first_child ($optional_condition) returns true (the element) if the element is the first child of its parent (optionally that satisfies the C<$optional_condition>) =item is_last_child ($optional_condition) returns true (the element) if the element is the last child of its parent (optionally that satisfies the C<$optional_condition>) =item prev_sibling ($optional_condition) Return the previous sibling of the element, or the previous sibling matching C<$optional_condition> =item next_sibling ($optional_condition) Return the next sibling of the element, or the first one matching C<$optional_condition>. =item next_elt ($optional_elt, $optional_condition) Return the next elt (optionally matching C<$optional_condition>) of the element. This is defined as the next element which opens after the current element opens. Which usually means the first child of the element. Counter-intuitive as it might look this allows you to loop through the whole document by starting from the root. The C<$optional_elt> is the root of a subtree. When the C<next_elt> is out of the subtree then the method returns undef. You can then walk a sub tree with: my $elt= $subtree_root; while( $elt= $elt->next_elt( $subtree_root) { # insert processing code here } =item prev_elt ($optional_condition) Return the previous elt (optionally matching C<$optional_condition>) of the element. This is the first element which opens before the current one. It is usually either the last descendant of the previous sibling or simply the parent =item next_n_elt ($offset, $optional_condition) Return the C<$offset>-th element that matches the C<$optional_condition> =item following_elt Return the following element (as per the XPath following axis) =item preceding_elt Return the preceding element (as per the XPath preceding axis) =item following_elts Return the list of following elements (as per the XPath following axis) =item preceding_elts Return the pst of preceding elements (as per the XPath preceding axis) =item children ($optional_condition) Return the list of children (optionally which matches C<$optional_condition>) of the element. The list is in document order. =item children_count ($optional_condition) Return the number of children of the element (optionally which matches C<$optional_condition>) =item children_text ($optional_condition) In array context, reeturns an array containing the text of children of the element (optionally which matches C<$optional_condition>) In scalar context, returns the concatenation of the text of children of the element =item children_trimmed_text ($optional_condition) In array context, returns an array containing the trimmed text of children of the element (optionally which matches C<$optional_condition>) In scalar context, returns the concatenation of the trimmed text of children of the element =item children_copy ($optional_condition) Return a list of elements that are copies of the children of the element, optionally which matches C<$optional_condition> =item descendants ($optional_condition) Return the list of all descendants (optionally which matches C<$optional_condition>) of the element. This is the equivalent of the C<getElementsByTagName> of the DOM (by the way, if you are really a DOM addict, you can use C<getElementsByTagName> instead) =item getElementsByTagName ($optional_condition) Same as C<L<descendants>> =item find_by_tag_name ($optional_condition) Same as C<L<descendants>> =item descendants_or_self ($optional_condition) Same as C<L<descendants>> except that the element itself is included in the list if it matches the C<$optional_condition> =item first_descendant ($optional_condition) Return the first descendant of the element that matches the condition =item last_descendant ($optional_condition) Return the last descendant of the element that matches the condition =item ancestors ($optional_condition) Return the list of ancestors (optionally matching C<$optional_condition>) of the element. The list is ordered from the innermost ancestor to the outermost one NOTE: the element itself is not part of the list, in order to include it you will have to use ancestors_or_self =item ancestors_or_self ($optional_condition) Return the list of ancestors (optionally matching C<$optional_condition>) of the element, including the element (if it matches the condition>). The list is ordered from the innermost ancestor to the outermost one =item passes ($condition) Return the element if it passes the C<$condition> =item att ($att) Return the value of attribute C<$att> or C<undef> =item set_att ($att, $att_value) Set the attribute of the element to the given value You can actually set several attributes this way: $elt->set_att( att1 => "val1", att2 => "val2"); =item del_att ($att) Delete the attribute for the element You can actually delete several attributes at once: $elt->del_att( 'att1', 'att2', 'att3'); =item att_exists ($att) Returns true if the attribute C<$att> exists for the element, false otherwise =item cut Cut the element from the tree. The element still exists, it can be copied or pasted somewhere else, it is just not attached to the tree anymore. Note that the "old" links to the parent, previous and next siblings can still be accessed using the former_* methods =item former_next_sibling Returns the former next sibling of a cut node (or undef if the node has not been cut) This makes it easier to write loops where you cut elements: my $child= $parent->first_child( 'achild'); while( $child->{'att'}->{'cut'}) { $child->cut; $child= $child->former_next_sibling; } =item former_prev_sibling Returns the former previous sibling of a cut node (or undef if the node has not been cut) =item former_parent Returns the former parent of a cut node (or undef if the node has not been cut) =item cut_children ($optional_condition) Cut all the children of the element (or all of those which satisfy the C<$optional_condition>). Return the list of children =item copy ($elt) Return a copy of the element. The copy is a "deep" copy: all sub elements of the element are duplicated. =item paste ($optional_position, $ref) Paste a (previously C<cut> or newly generated) element. Die if the element already belongs to a tree. Note that the calling element is pasted: $child->paste( first_child => $existing_parent); $new_sibling->paste( after => $this_sibling_is_already_in_the_tree); or my $new_elt= XML::Twig::Elt->new( tag => $content); $new_elt->paste( $position => $existing_elt); Example: my $t= XML::Twig->new->parse( 'doc.xml') my $toc= $t->root->new( 'toc'); $toc->paste( $t->root); # $toc is pasted as first child of the root foreach my $title ($t->findnodes( '/doc/section/title')) { my $title_toc= $title->copy; # paste $title_toc as the last child of toc $title_toc->paste( last_child => $toc) } Position options: =over 4 =item first_child (default) The element is pasted as the first child of C<$ref> =item last_child The element is pasted as the last child of C<$ref> =item before The element is pasted before C<$ref>, as its previous sibling. =item after The element is pasted after C<$ref>, as its next sibling. =item within In this case an extra argument, C<$offset>, should be supplied. The element will be pasted in the reference element (or in its first text child) at the given offset. To achieve this the reference element will be split at the offset. =back Note that you can call directly the underlying method: =over 4 =item paste_before =item paste_after =item paste_first_child =item paste_last_child =item paste_within =back =item move ($optional_position, $ref) Move an element in the tree. This is just a C<cut> then a C<paste>. The syntax is the same as C<paste>. =item replace ($ref) Replaces an element in the tree. Sometimes it is just not possible toC<cut> an element then C<paste> another in its place, so C<replace> comes in handy. The calling element replaces C<$ref>. =item replace_with (@elts) Replaces the calling element with one or more elements =item delete Cut the element and frees the memory. =item prefix ($text, $optional_option) Add a prefix to an element. If the element is a C<PCDATA> element the text is added to the pcdata, if the elements first child is a C<PCDATA> then the text is added to it's pcdata, otherwise a new C<PCDATA> element is created and pasted as the first child of the element. If the option is C<asis> then the prefix is added asis: it is created in a separate C<PCDATA> element with an C<asis> property. You can then write: $elt1->prefix( '<b>', 'asis'); to create a C<< <b> >> in the output of C<print>. =item suffix ($text, $optional_option) Add a suffix to an element. If the element is a C<PCDATA> element the text is added to the pcdata, if the elements last child is a C<PCDATA> then the text is added to it's pcdata, otherwise a new PCDATA element is created and pasted as the last child of the element. If the option is C<asis> then the suffix is added asis: it is created in a separate C<PCDATA> element with an C<asis> property. You can then write: $elt2->suffix( '</b>', 'asis'); =item trim Trim the element in-place: spaces at the beginning and at the end of the element are discarded and multiple spaces within the element (or its descendants) are replaced by a single space. Note that in some cases you can still end up with multiple spaces, if they are split between several elements: <doc> text <b> hah! </b> yep</doc> gets trimmed to <doc>text <b> hah! </b> yep</doc> This is somewhere in between a bug and a feature. =item normalize merge together all consecutive pcdata elements in the element (if for example you have turned some elements into pcdata using C<L<erase>>, this will give you a "clean" element in which there all text fragments are as long as possible). =item simplify (%options) Return a data structure suspiciously similar to XML::Simple's. Options are identical to XMLin options, see XML::Simple doc for more details (or use DATA::dumper or YAML to dump the data structure) =over 4 =item content_key =item forcearray =item keyattr =item noattr =item normalize_space aka normalise_space =item variables (%var_hash) %var_hash is a hash { name => value } This option allows variables in the XML to be expanded when the file is read. (there is no facility for putting the variable names back if you regenerate XML using XMLout). A 'variable' is any text of the form ${name} (or $name) which occurs in an attribute value or in the text content of an element. If 'name' matches a key in the supplied hashref, ${name} will be replaced with the corresponding value from the hashref. If no matching key is found, the variable will not be replaced. =item var_att ($attribute_name) This option gives the name of an attribute that will be used to create variables in the XML: <dirs> <dir name="prefix">/usr/local</dir> <dir name="exec_prefix">$prefix/bin</dir> </dirs> use C<< var => 'name' >> to get $prefix replaced by /usr/local in the generated data structure By default variables are captured by the following regexp: /$(\w+)/ =item var_regexp (regexp) This option changes the regexp used to capture variables. The variable name should be in $1 =item group_tags { grouping tag => grouped tag, grouping tag 2 => grouped tag 2...} Option used to simplify the structure: elements listed will not be used. Their children will be, they will be considered children of the element parent. If the element is: <config host="laptop.xmltwig.com"> <server>localhost</server> <dirs> <dir name="base">/home/mrodrigu/standards</dir> <dir name="tools">$base/tools</dir> </dirs> <templates> <template name="std_def">std_def.templ</template> <template name="dummy">dummy</template> </templates> </config> Then calling simplify with C<< group_tags => { dirs => 'dir', templates => 'template'} >> makes the data structure be exactly as if the start and end tags for C<dirs> and C<templates> were not there. A YAML dump of the structure base: '/home/mrodrigu/standards' host: laptop.xmltwig.com server: localhost template: - std_def.templ - dummy.templ tools: '$base/tools' =back =item split_at ($offset) Split a text (C<PCDATA> or C<CDATA>) element in 2 at C<$offset>, the original element now holds the first part of the string and a new element holds the right part. The new element is returned If the element is not a text element then the first text child of the element is split =item split ( $optional_regexp, $tag1, $atts1, $tag2, $atts2...) Split the text descendants of an element in place, the text is split using the C<$regexp>, if the regexp includes () then the matched separators will be wrapped in elements. C<$1> is wrapped in $tag1, with attributes C<$atts1> if C<$atts1> is given (as a hashref), C<$2> is wrapped in $tag2... if $elt is C<< <p>tati tata <b>tutu tati titi</b> tata tati tata</p> >> $elt->split( qr/(ta)ti/, 'foo', {type => 'toto'} ) will change $elt to <p><foo type="toto">ta</foo> tata <b>tutu <foo type="toto">ta</foo> titi</b> tata <foo type="toto">ta</foo> tata</p> The regexp can be passed either as a string or as C<qr//> (perl 5.005 and later), it defaults to \s+ just as the C<split> built-in (but this would be quite a useless behaviour without the C<$optional_tag> parameter) C<$optional_tag> defaults to PCDATA or CDATA, depending on the initial element type The list of descendants is returned (including un-touched original elements and newly created ones) =item mark ( $regexp, $optional_tag, $optional_attribute_ref) This method behaves exactly as L<split|/split>, except only the newly created elements are returned =item wrap_children ( $regexp_string, $tag, $optional_attribute_hashref) Wrap the children of the element that match the regexp in an element C<$tag>. If $optional_attribute_hashref is passed then the new element will have these attributes. The $regexp_string includes tags, within pointy brackets, as in C<< <title><para>+ >> and the usual Perl modifiers (+*?...). Tags can be further qualified with attributes: C<< <para type="warning" classif="cosmic_secret">+ >>. The values for attributes should be xml-escaped: C<< <candy type="M&Ms">* >> (C<E<lt>>, C<&> B<C<E<gt>>> and C<"> should be escaped). Note that elements might get extra C<id> attributes in the process. See L<add_id>. Use L<strip_att> to remove unwanted id's. Here is an example: If the element C<$elt> has the following content: <elt> <p>para 1</p> <l_l1_1>list 1 item 1 para 1</l_l1_1> <l_l1>list 1 item 1 para 2</l_l1> <l_l1_n>list 1 item 2 para 1 (only para)</l_l1_n> <l_l1_n>list 1 item 3 para 1</l_l1_n> <l_l1>list 1 item 3 para 2</l_l1> <l_l1>list 1 item 3 para 3</l_l1> <l_l1_1>list 2 item 1 para 1</l_l1_1> <l_l1>list 2 item 1 para 2</l_l1> <l_l1_n>list 2 item 2 para 1 (only para)</l_l1_n> <l_l1_n>list 2 item 3 para 1</l_l1_n> <l_l1>list 2 item 3 para 2</l_l1> <l_l1>list 2 item 3 para 3</l_l1> </elt> Then the code $elt->wrap_children( q{<l_l1_1><l_l1>*} , li => { type => "ul1" }); $elt->wrap_children( q{<l_l1_n><l_l1>*} , li => { type => "ul" }); $elt->wrap_children( q{<li type="ul1"><li type="ul">+}, "ul"); $elt->strip_att( 'id'); $elt->strip_att( 'type'); $elt->print; will output: <elt> <p>para 1</p> <ul> <li> <l_l1_1>list 1 item 1 para 1</l_l1_1> <l_l1>list 1 item 1 para 2</l_l1> </li> <li> <l_l1_n>list 1 item 2 para 1 (only para)</l_l1_n> </li> <li> <l_l1_n>list 1 item 3 para 1</l_l1_n> <l_l1>list 1 item 3 para 2</l_l1> <l_l1>list 1 item 3 para 3</l_l1> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <l_l1_1>list 2 item 1 para 1</l_l1_1> <l_l1>list 2 item 1 para 2</l_l1> </li> <li> <l_l1_n>list 2 item 2 para 1 (only para)</l_l1_n> </li> <li> <l_l1_n>list 2 item 3 para 1</l_l1_n> <l_l1>list 2 item 3 para 2</l_l1> <l_l1>list 2 item 3 para 3</l_l1> </li> </ul> </elt> =item subs_text ($regexp, $replace) subs_text does text substitution, similar to perl's C< s///> operator. C<$regexp> must be a perl regexp, created with the C<qr> operator. C<$replace> can include C<$1, $2>... from the C<$regexp>. It can also be used to create element and entities, by using C<< &elt( tag => { att => val }, text) >> (similar syntax as C<L<new>>) and C<< &ent( name) >>. Here is a rather complex example: $elt->subs_text( qr{(?<!do not )link to (http://([^\s,]*))}, 'see &elt( a =>{ href => $1 }, $2)' ); This will replace text like I<link to http://www.xmltwig.com> by I<< see <a href="www.xmltwig.com">www.xmltwig.com</a> >>, but not I<do not link to...> Generating entities (here replacing spaces with ): $elt->subs_text( qr{ }, '&ent( " ")'); or, using a variable: my $ent=" "; $elt->subs_text( qr{ }, "&ent( '$ent')"); Note that the substitution is always global, as in using the C<g> modifier in a perl substitution, and that it is performed on all text descendants of the element. B<Bug>: in the C<$regexp>, you can only use C<\1>, C<\2>... if the replacement expression does not include elements or attributes. eg t->subs_text( qr/((t[aiou])\2)/, '$2'); # ok, replaces toto, tata, titi, tutu by to, ta, ti, tu t->subs_text( qr/((t[aiou])\2)/, '&elt(p => $1)' ); # NOK, does not find toto... =item add_id ($optional_coderef) Add an id to the element. The id is an attribute, C<id> by default, see the C<id> option for XML::Twig C<new> to change it. Use an id starting with C<#> to get an id that's not output by L<print>, L<flush> or L<sprint>, yet that allows you to use the L<elt_id> method to get the element easily. If the element already has an id, no new id is generated. By default the method create an id of the form C<< twig_id_<nnnn> >>, where C<< <nnnn> >> is a number, incremented each time the method is called successfully. =item set_id_seed ($prefix) by default the id generated by C<L<add_id>> is C<< twig_id_<nnnn> >>, C<set_id_seed> changes the prefix to C<$prefix> and resets the number to 1 =item strip_att ($att) Remove the attribute C<$att> from all descendants of the element (including the element) Return the element =item change_att_name ($old_name, $new_name) Change the name of the attribute from C<$old_name> to C<$new_name>. If there is no attribute C<$old_name> nothing happens. =item lc_attnames Lower cases the name all the attributes of the element. =item sort_children_on_value( %options) Sort the children of the element in place according to their text. All children are sorted. Return the element, with its children sorted. C<%options> are type : numeric | alpha (default: alpha) order : normal | reverse (default: normal) Return the element, with its children sorted =item sort_children_on_att ($att, %options) Sort the children of the element in place according to attribute C<$att>. C<%options> are the same as for C<sort_children_on_value> Return the element. =item sort_children_on_field ($tag, %options) Sort the children of the element in place, according to the field C<$tag> (the text of the first child of the child with this tag). C<%options> are the same as for C<sort_children_on_value>. Return the element, with its children sorted =item sort_children( $get_key, %options) Sort the children of the element in place. The C<$get_key> argument is a reference to a function that returns the sort key when passed an element. For example: $elt->sort_children( sub { $_[0]->{'att'}->{"nb"} + $_[0]->text }, type => 'numeric', order => 'reverse' ); =item field_to_att ($cond, $att) Turn the text of the first sub-element matched by C<$cond> into the value of attribute C<$att> of the element. If C<$att> is omitted then C<$cond> is used as the name of the attribute, which makes sense only if C<$cond> is a valid element (and attribute) name. The sub-element is then cut. =item att_to_field ($att, $tag) Take the value of attribute C<$att> and create a sub-element C<$tag> as first child of the element. If C<$tag> is omitted then C<$att> is used as the name of the sub-element. =item get_xpath ($xpath, $optional_offset) Return a list of elements satisfying the C<$xpath>. C<$xpath> is an XPATH-like expression. A subset of the XPATH abbreviated syntax is covered: tag tag[1] (or any other positive number) tag[last()] tag[@att] (the attribute exists for the element) tag[@att="val"] tag[@att=~ /regexp/] tag[att1="val1" and att2="val2"] tag[att1="val1" or att2="val2"] tag[string()="toto"] (returns tag elements which text (as per the text method) is toto) tag[string()=~/regexp/] (returns tag elements which text (as per the text method) matches regexp) expressions can start with / (search starts at the document root) expressions can start with . (search starts at the current element) // can be used to get all descendants instead of just direct children * matches any tag So the following examples from the F<XPath recommendationL<http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath.html#path-abbrev>> work: para selects the para element children of the context node * selects all element children of the context node para[1] selects the first para child of the context node para[last()] selects the last para child of the context node */para selects all para grandchildren of the context node /doc/chapter[5]/section[2] selects the second section of the fifth chapter of the doc chapter//para selects the para element descendants of the chapter element children of the context node //para selects all the para descendants of the document root and thus selects all para elements in the same document as the context node //olist/item selects all the item elements in the same document as the context node that have an olist parent .//para selects the para element descendants of the context node .. selects the parent of the context node para[@type="warning"] selects all para children of the context node that have a type attribute with value warning employee[@secretary and @assistant] selects all the employee children of the context node that have both a secretary attribute and an assistant attribute The elements will be returned in the document order. If C<$optional_offset> is used then only one element will be returned, the one with the appropriate offset in the list, starting at 0 Quoting and interpolating variables can be a pain when the Perl syntax and the XPATH syntax collide, so use alternate quoting mechanisms like q or qq (I like q{} and qq{} myself). Here are some more examples to get you started: my $p1= "p1"; my $p2= "p2"; my @res= $t->get_xpath( qq{p[string( "$p1") or string( "$p2")]}); my $a= "a1"; my @res= $t->get_xpath( qq{//*[@att="$a"]}); my $val= "a1"; my $exp= qq{//p[ \@att='$val']}; # you need to use \@ or you will get a warning my @res= $t->get_xpath( $exp); Note that the only supported regexps delimiters are / and that you must backslash all / in regexps AND in regular strings. XML::Twig does not provide natively full XPATH support, but you can use C<L<XML::Twig::XPath>> to get C<findnodes> to use C<XML::XPath> as the XPath engine, with full coverage of the spec. C<L<XML::Twig::XPath>> to get C<findnodes> to use C<XML::XPath> as the XPath engine, with full coverage of the spec. =item find_nodes same asC<get_xpath> =item findnodes same as C<get_xpath> =item text @optional_options Return a string consisting of all the C<PCDATA> and C<CDATA> in an element, without any tags. The text is not XML-escaped: base entities such as C<&> and C<< < >> are not escaped. The 'C<no_recurse>' option will only return the text of the element, not of any included sub-elements (same as C<L<text_only>>). =item text_only Same as C<L<text>> except that the text returned doesn't include the text of sub-elements. =item trimmed_text Same as C<text> except that the text is trimmed: leading and trailing spaces are discarded, consecutive spaces are collapsed =item set_text ($string) Set the text for the element: if the element is a C<PCDATA>, just set its text, otherwise cut all the children of the element and create a single C<PCDATA> child for it, which holds the text. =item merge ($elt2) Move the content of C<$elt2> within the element =item insert ($tag1, [$optional_atts1], $tag2, [$optional_atts2],...) For each tag in the list inserts an element C<$tag> as the only child of the element. The element gets the optional attributes inC<< $optional_atts<n>. >> All children of the element are set as children of the new element. The upper level element is returned. $p->insert( table => { border=> 1}, 'tr', 'td') put C<$p> in a table with a visible border, a single C<tr> and a single C<td> and return the C<table> element: <p><table border="1"><tr><td>original content of p</td></tr></table></p> =item wrap_in (@tag) Wrap elements in C<@tag> as the successive ancestors of the element, returns the new element. C<< $elt->wrap_in( 'td', 'tr', 'table') >> wraps the element as a single cell in a table for example. Optionally each tag can be followed by a hashref of attributes, that will be set on the wrapping element: $elt->wrap_in( p => { class => "advisory" }, div => { class => "intro", id => "div_intro }); =item insert_new_elt ($opt_position, $tag, $opt_atts_hashref, @opt_content) Combines a C<L<new|/new> > and a C<L<paste|/paste> >: creates a new element using C<$tag>, C<$opt_atts_hashref >and C<@opt_content> which are arguments similar to those for C<new>, then paste it, using C<$opt_position> or C<'first_child'>, relative to C<$elt>. Return the newly created element =item erase Erase the element: the element is deleted and all of its children are pasted in its place. =item set_content ( $optional_atts, @list_of_elt_and_strings) ( $optional_atts, '#EMPTY') Set the content for the element, from a list of strings and elements. Cuts all the element children, then pastes the list elements as the children. This method will create a C<PCDATA> element for any strings in the list. The C<$optional_atts> argument is the ref of a hash of attributes. If this argument is used then the previous attributes are deleted, otherwise they are left untouched. B<WARNING>: if you rely on ID's then you will have to set the id yourself. At this point the element does not belong to a twig yet, so the ID attribute is not known so it won't be stored in the ID list. A content of 'C<#EMPTY>' creates an empty element; =item namespace ($optional_prefix) Return the URI of the namespace that C<$optional_prefix> or the element name belongs to. If the name doesn't belong to any namespace, C<undef> is returned. =item local_name Return the local name (without the prefix) for the element =item ns_prefix Return the namespace prefix for the element =item current_ns_prefixes Return a list of namespace prefixes valid for the element. The order of the prefixes in the list has no meaning. If the default namespace is currently bound, '' appears in the list. =item inherit_att ($att, @optional_tag_list) Return the value of an attribute inherited from parent tags. The value returned is found by looking for the attribute in the element then in turn in each of its ancestors. If the C<@optional_tag_list> is supplied only those ancestors whose tag is in the list will be checked. =item all_children_are ($optional_condition) return 1 if all children of the element pass the C<$optional_condition>, 0 otherwise =item level ($optional_condition) Return the depth of the element in the twig (root is 0). If C<$optional_condition> is given then only ancestors that match the condition are counted. B<WARNING>: in a tree created using the C<twig_roots> option this will not return the level in the document tree, level 0 will be the document root, level 1 will be the C<twig_roots> elements. During the parsing (in a C<twig_handler>) you can use the C<depth> method on the twig object to get the real parsing depth. =item in ($potential_parent) Return true if the element is in the potential_parent (C<$potential_parent> is an element) =item in_context ($cond, $optional_level) Return true if the element is included in an element which passes C<$cond> optionally within C<$optional_level> levels. The returned value is the including element. =item pcdata Return the text of a C<PCDATA> element or C<undef> if the element is not C<PCDATA>. =item pcdata_xml_string Return the text of a C<PCDATA> element or undef if the element is not C<PCDATA>. The text is "XML-escaped" ('&' and '<' are replaced by '&' and '<') =item set_pcdata ($text) Set the text of a C<PCDATA> element. This method does not check that the element is indeed a C<PCDATA> so usually you should use C<L<set_text>> instead. =item append_pcdata ($text) Add the text at the end of a C<PCDATA> element. =item is_cdata Return 1 if the element is a C<CDATA> element, returns 0 otherwise. =item is_text Return 1 if the element is a C<CDATA> or C<PCDATA> element, returns 0 otherwise. =item cdata Return the text of a C<CDATA> element or C<undef> if the element is not C<CDATA>. =item cdata_string Return the XML string of a C<CDATA> element, including the opening and closing markers. =item set_cdata ($text) Set the text of a C<CDATA> element. =item append_cdata ($text) Add the text at the end of a C<CDATA> element. =item remove_cdata Turns all C<CDATA> sections in the element into regular C<PCDATA> elements. This is useful when converting XML to HTML, as browsers do not support CDATA sections. =item extra_data Return the extra_data (comments and PI's) attached to an element =item set_extra_data ($extra_data) Set the extra_data (comments and PI's) attached to an element =item append_extra_data ($extra_data) Append extra_data to the existing extra_data before the element (if no previous extra_data exists then it is created) =item set_asis Set a property of the element that causes it to be output without being XML escaped by the print functions: if it contains C<< a < b >> it will be output as such and not as C<< a < b >>. This can be useful to create text elements that will be output as markup. Note that all C<PCDATA> descendants of the element are also marked as having the property (they are the ones that are actually impacted by the change). If the element is a C<CDATA> element it will also be output asis, without the C<CDATA> markers. The same goes for any C<CDATA> descendant of the element =item set_not_asis Unsets the C<asis> property for the element and its text descendants. =item is_asis Return the C<asis> property status of the element ( 1 or C<undef>) =item closed Return true if the element has been closed. Might be useful if you are somewhere in the tree, during the parse, and have no idea whether a parent element is completely loaded or not. =item get_type Return the type of the element: 'C<#ELT>' for "real" elements, or 'C<#PCDATA>', 'C<#CDATA>', 'C<#COMMENT>', 'C<#ENT>', 'C<#PI>' =item is_elt Return the tag if the element is a "real" element, or 0 if it is C<PCDATA>, C<CDATA>... =item contains_only_text Return 1 if the element does not contain any other "real" element =item contains_only ($exp) Return the list of children if all children of the element match the expression C<$exp> if( $para->contains_only( 'tt')) { ... } =item contains_a_single ($exp) If the element contains a single child that matches the expression C<$exp> returns that element. Otherwise returns 0. =item is_field same as C<contains_only_text> =item is_pcdata Return 1 if the element is a C<PCDATA> element, returns 0 otherwise. =item is_ent Return 1 if the element is an entity (an unexpanded entity) element, return 0 otherwise. =item is_empty Return 1 if the element is empty, 0 otherwise =item set_empty Flags the element as empty. No further check is made, so if the element is actually not empty the output will be messed. The only effect of this method is that the output will be C<< <tag att="value""/> >>. =item set_not_empty Flags the element as not empty. if it is actually empty then the element will be output as C<< <tag att="value""></tag> >> =item is_pi Return 1 if the element is a processing instruction (C<#PI>) element, return 0 otherwise. =item target Return the target of a processing instruction =item set_target ($target) Set the target of a processing instruction =item data Return the data part of a processing instruction =item set_data ($data) Set the data of a processing instruction =item set_pi ($target, $data) Set the target and data of a processing instruction =item pi_string Return the string form of a processing instruction (C<< <?target data?> >>) =item is_comment Return 1 if the element is a comment (C<#COMMENT>) element, return 0 otherwise. =item set_comment ($comment_text) Set the text for a comment =item comment Return the content of a comment (just the text, not the C<< <!-- >> and C<< --> >>) =item comment_string Return the XML string for a comment (C<< <!-- comment --> >>) =item set_ent ($entity) Set an (non-expanded) entity (C<#ENT>). C<$entity>) is the entity text (C<&ent;>) =item ent Return the entity for an entity (C<#ENT>) element (C<&ent;>) =item ent_name Return the entity name for an entity (C<#ENT>) element (C<ent>) =item ent_string Return the entity, either expanded if the expanded version is available, or non-expanded (C<&ent;>) otherwise =item child ($offset, $optional_condition) Return the C<$offset>-th child of the element, optionally the C<$offset>-th child that matches C<$optional_condition>. The children are treated as a list, so C<< $elt->child( 0) >> is the first child, while C<< $elt->child( -1) >> is the last child. =item child_text ($offset, $optional_condition) Return the text of a child or C<undef> if the sibling does not exist. Arguments are the same as child. =item last_child ($optional_condition) Return the last child of the element, or the last child matching C<$optional_condition> (ie the last of the element children matching the condition). =item last_child_text ($optional_condition) Same as C<first_child_text> but for the last child. =item sibling ($offset, $optional_condition) Return the next or previous C<$offset>-th sibling of the element, or the C<$offset>-th one matching C<$optional_condition>. If C<$offset> is negative then a previous sibling is returned, if $offset is positive then a next sibling is returned. C<$offset=0> returns the element if there is no condition or if the element matches the condition>, C<undef> otherwise. =item sibling_text ($offset, $optional_condition) Return the text of a sibling or C<undef> if the sibling does not exist. Arguments are the same as C<sibling>. =item prev_siblings ($optional_condition) Return the list of previous siblings (optionally matching C<$optional_condition>) for the element. The elements are ordered in document order. =item next_siblings ($optional_condition) Return the list of siblings (optionally matching C<$optional_condition>) following the element. The elements are ordered in document order. =item pos ($optional_condition) Return the position of the element in the children list. The first child has a position of 1 (as in XPath). If the C<$optional_condition> is given then only siblings that match the condition are counted. If the element itself does not match the condition then 0 is returned. =item atts Return a hash ref containing the element attributes =item set_atts ({ att1=>$att1_val, att2=> $att2_val... }) Set the element attributes with the hash ref supplied as the argument. The previous attributes are lost (ie the attributes set by C<set_atts> replace all of the attributes of the element). You can also pass a list instead of a hashref: C<< $elt->set_atts( att1 => 'val1',...) >> =item del_atts Deletes all the element attributes. =item att_nb Return the number of attributes for the element =item has_atts Return true if the element has attributes (in fact return the number of attributes, thus being an alias to C<L<att_nb>> =item has_no_atts Return true if the element has no attributes, false (0) otherwise =item att_names return a list of the attribute names for the element =item att_xml_string ($att, $options) Return the attribute value, where '&', '<' and quote (" or the value of the quote option at twig creation) are XML-escaped. The options are passed as a hashref, setting C<escape_gt> to a true value will also escape '>' ($elt( 'myatt', { escape_gt => 1 }); =item set_id ($id) Set the C<id> attribute of the element to the value. See C<L<elt_id|/elt_id> > to change the id attribute name =item id Gets the id attribute value =item del_id ($id) Deletes the C<id> attribute of the element and remove it from the id list for the document =item class Return the C<class> attribute for the element (methods on the C<class> attribute are quite convenient when dealing with XHTML, or plain XML that will eventually be displayed using CSS) =item set_class ($class) Set the C<class> attribute for the element to C<$class> =item add_to_class ($class) Add C<$class> to the element C<class> attribute: the new class is added only if it is not already present. Note that classes are sorted alphabetically, so the C<class> attribute can be changed even if the class is already there =item att_to_class ($att) Set the C<class> attribute to the value of attribute C<$att> =item add_att_to_class ($att) Add the value of attribute C<$att> to the C<class> attribute of the element =item move_att_to_class ($att) Add the value of attribute C<$att> to the C<class> attribute of the element and delete the attribute =item tag_to_class Set the C<class> attribute of the element to the element tag =item add_tag_to_class Add the element tag to its C<class> attribute =item set_tag_class ($new_tag) Add the element tag to its C<class> attribute and sets the tag to C<$new_tag> =item in_class ($class) Return true (C<1>) if the element is in the class C<$class> (if C<$class> is one of the tokens in the element C<class> attribute) =item tag_to_span Change the element tag tp C<span> and set its class to the old tag =item tag_to_div Change the element tag tp C<div> and set its class to the old tag =item DESTROY Frees the element from memory. =item start_tag Return the string for the start tag for the element, including the C<< /> >> at the end of an empty element tag =item end_tag Return the string for the end tag of an element. For an empty element, this returns the empty string (''). =item xml_string @optional_options Equivalent to C<< $elt->sprint( 1) >>, returns the string for the entire element, excluding the element's tags (but nested element tags are present) The 'C<no_recurse>' option will only return the text of the element, not of any included sub-elements (same as C<L<xml_text_only>>). =item inner_xml Another synonym for xml_string =item outer_xml Another synonym for sprint =item xml_text Return the text of the element, encoded (and processed by the current C<L<output_filter>> or C<L<output_encoding>> options, without any tag. =item xml_text_only Same as C<L<xml_text>> except that the text returned doesn't include the text of sub-elements. =item set_pretty_print ($style) Set the pretty print method, amongst 'C<none>' (default), 'C<nsgmls>', 'C<nice>', 'C<indented>', 'C<record>' and 'C<record_c>' pretty_print styles: =over 4 =item none the default, no C<\n> is used =item nsgmls nsgmls style, with C<\n> added within tags =item nice adds C<\n> wherever possible (NOT SAFE, can lead to invalid XML) =item indented same as C<nice> plus indents elements (NOT SAFE, can lead to invalid XML) =item record table-oriented pretty print, one field per line =item record_c table-oriented pretty print, more compact than C<record>, one record per line =back =item set_empty_tag_style ($style) Set the method to output empty tags, amongst 'C<normal>' (default), 'C<html>', and 'C<expand>', C<normal> outputs an empty tag 'C<< <tag/> >>', C<html> adds a space 'C<< <tag /> >>' for elements that can be empty in XHTML and C<expand> outputs 'C<< <tag></tag> >>' =item set_remove_cdata ($flag) set (or unset) the flag that forces the twig to output CDATA sections as regular (escaped) PCDATA =item set_indent ($string) Set the indentation for the indented pretty print style (default is 2 spaces) =item set_quote ($quote) Set the quotes used for attributes. can be 'C<double>' (default) or 'C<single>' =item cmp ($elt) Compare the order of the 2 elements in a twig. C<$a> is the <A>..</A> element, C<$b> is the <B>...</B> element document $a->cmp( $b) <A> ... </A> ... <B> ... </B> -1 <A> ... <B> ... </B> ... </A> -1 <B> ... </B> ... <A> ... </A> 1 <B> ... <A> ... </A> ... </B> 1 $a == $b 0 $a and $b not in the same tree undef =item before ($elt) Return 1 if C<$elt> starts before the element, 0 otherwise. If the 2 elements are not in the same twig then return C<undef>. if( $a->cmp( $b) == -1) { return 1; } else { return 0; } =item after ($elt) Return 1 if $elt starts after the element, 0 otherwise. If the 2 elements are not in the same twig then return C<undef>. if( $a->cmp( $b) == -1) { return 1; } else { return 0; } =item other comparison methods =over 4 =item lt =item le =item gt =item ge =back =item path Return the element context in a form similar to XPath's short form: 'C</root/tag1/../tag>' =item xpath Return a unique XPath expression that can be used to find the element again. It looks like C</doc/sect[3]/title>: unique elements do not have an index, the others do. =item private methods Low-level methods on the twig: =over 4 =item set_parent ($parent) =item set_first_child ($first_child) =item set_last_child ($last_child) =item set_prev_sibling ($prev_sibling) =item set_next_sibling ($next_sibling) =item set_twig_current =item del_twig_current =item twig_current =item flush This method should NOT be used, always flush the twig, not an element. =item contains_text =back Those methods should not be used, unless of course you find some creative and interesting, not to mention useful, ways to do it. =back =head2 cond Most of the navigation functions accept a condition as an optional argument The first element (or all elements for C<L<children|/children> > or C<L<ancestors|/ancestors> >) that passes the condition is returned. The condition is a single step of an XPath expression using the XPath subset defined by C<L<get_xpath>>. Additional conditions are: The condition can be =over 4 =item #ELT return a "real" element (not a PCDATA, CDATA, comment or pi element) =item #TEXT return a PCDATA or CDATA element =item regular expression return an element whose tag matches the regexp. The regexp has to be created with C<qr//> (hence this is available only on perl 5.005 and above) =item code reference applies the code, passing the current element as argument, if the code returns true then the element is returned, if it returns false then the code is applied to the next candidate. =back =head2 XML::Twig::XPath XML::Twig implements a subset of XPath through the C<L<get_xpath>> method. If you want to use the whole XPath power, then you can use C<XML::Twig::XPath> instead. In this case C<XML::Twig> uses C<XML::XPath> to execute XPath queries. You will of course need C<XML::XPath> installed to be able to use C<XML::Twig::XPath>. See L<XML::XPath> for more information. The methods you can use are: =over 4 =item findnodes ($path) return a list of nodes found by C<$path>. =item findnodes_as_string ($path) return the nodes found reproduced as XML. The result is not guaranteed to be valid XML though. =item findvalue ($path) return the concatenation of the text content of the result nodes =back In order for C<XML::XPath> to be used as the XPath engine the following methods are included in C<XML::Twig>: in XML::Twig =over 4 =item getRootNode =item getParentNode =item getChildNodes =back in XML::Twig::Elt =over 4 =item string_value =item toString =item getName =item getRootNode =item getNextSibling =item getPreviousSibling =item isElementNode =item isTextNode =item isPI =item isPINode =item isProcessingInstructionNode =item isComment =item isCommentNode =item getTarget =item getChildNodes =item getElementById =back =head2 XML::Twig::XPath::Elt The methods you can use are the same as on C<XML::Twig::XPath> elements: =over 4 =item findnodes ($path) return a list of nodes found by C<$path>. =item findnodes_as_string ($path) return the nodes found reproduced as XML. The result is not guaranteed to be valid XML though. =item findvalue ($path) return the concatenation of the text content of the result nodes =back =head2 XML::Twig::Entity_list =over 4 =item new Create an entity list. =item add ($ent) Add an entity to an entity list. =item add_new_ent ($name, $val, $sysid, $pubid, $ndata, $param) Create a new entity and add it to the entity list =item delete ($ent or $tag). Delete an entity (defined by its name or by the Entity object) from the list. =item print ($optional_filehandle) Print the entity list. =item list Return the list as an array =back =head2 XML::Twig::Entity =over 4 =item new ($name, $val, $sysid, $pubid, $ndata, $param) Same arguments as the Entity handler for XML::Parser. =item print ($optional_filehandle) Print an entity declaration. =item name Return the name of the entity =item val Return the value of the entity =item sysid Return the system id for the entity (for NDATA entities) =item pubid Return the public id for the entity (for NDATA entities) =item ndata Return true if the entity is an NDATA entity =item param Return true if the entity is a parameter entity =item text Return the entity declaration text. =back =head1 EXAMPLES Additional examples (and a complete tutorial) can be found on the F<XML::Twig PageL<http://www.xmltwig.com/xmltwig/>> To figure out what flush does call the following script with an XML file and an element name as arguments use XML::Twig; my ($file, $elt)= @ARGV; my $t= XML::Twig->new( twig_handlers => { $elt => sub {$_[0]->flush; print "\n[flushed here]\n";} }); $t->parsefile( $file, ErrorContext => 2); $t->flush; print "\n"; =head1 NOTES =head2 Subclassing XML::Twig Useful methods: =over 4 =item elt_class In order to subclass C<XML::Twig> you will probably need to subclass also C<L<XML::Twig::Elt>>. Use the C<elt_class> option when you create the C<XML::Twig> object to get the elements created in a different class (which should be a subclass of C<XML::Twig::Elt>. =item add_options If you inherit C<XML::Twig> new method but want to add more options to it you can use this method to prevent XML::Twig to issue warnings for those additional options. =back =head2 DTD Handling There are 3 possibilities here. They are: =over 4 =item No DTD No doctype, no DTD information, no entity information, the world is simple... =item Internal DTD The XML document includes an internal DTD, and maybe entity declarations. If you use the load_DTD option when creating the twig the DTD information and the entity declarations can be accessed. The DTD and the entity declarations will be C<flush>'ed (or C<print>'ed) either as is (if they have not been modified) or as reconstructed (poorly, comments are lost, order is not kept, due to it's content this DTD should not be viewed by anyone) if they have been modified. You can also modify them directly by changing the C<< $twig->{twig_doctype}->{internal} >> field (straight from XML::Parser, see the C<Doctype> handler doc) =item External DTD The XML document includes a reference to an external DTD, and maybe entity declarations. If you use the C<load_DTD> when creating the twig the DTD information and the entity declarations can be accessed. The entity declarations will be C<flush>'ed (or C<print>'ed) either as is (if they have not been modified) or as reconstructed (badly, comments are lost, order is not kept). You can change the doctype through the C<< $twig->set_doctype >> method and print the dtd through the C<< $twig->dtd_text >> or C<< $twig->dtd_print >> methods. If you need to modify the entity list this is probably the easiest way to do it. =back =head2 Flush If you set handlers and use C<flush>, do not forget to flush the twig one last time AFTER the parsing, or you might be missing the end of the document. Remember that element handlers are called when the element is CLOSED, so if you have handlers for nested elements the inner handlers will be called first. It makes it for example trickier than it would seem to number nested clauses. =head1 BUGS =over 4 =item entity handling Due to XML::Parser behaviour, non-base entities in attribute values disappear: C<att="val&ent;"> will be turned into C<< att => val >>, unless you use the C<keep_encoding> argument to C<< XML::Twig->new >> =item DTD handling The DTD handling methods are quite bugged. No one uses them and it seems very difficult to get them to work in all cases, including with several slightly incompatible versions of XML::Parser and of libexpat. Basically you can read the DTD, output it back properly, and update entities, but not much more. So use XML::Twig with standalone documents, or with documents refering to an external DTD, but don't expect it to properly parse and even output back the DTD. =item memory leak If you use a lot of twigs you might find that you leak quite a lot of memory (about 2Ks per twig). You can use the C<L<dispose|/dispose> > method to free that memory after you are done. If you create elements the same thing might happen, use the C<L<delete|/delete>> method to get rid of them. Alternatively installing the C<Scalar::Util> (or C<WeakRef>) module on a version of Perl that supports it (>5.6.0) will get rid of the memory leaks automagically. =item ID list The ID list is NOT updated when elements are cut or deleted. =item change_gi This method will not function properly if you do: $twig->change_gi( $old1, $new); $twig->change_gi( $old2, $new); $twig->change_gi( $new, $even_newer); =item sanity check on XML::Parser method calls XML::Twig should really prevent calls to some XML::Parser methods, especially the C<setHandlers> method. =item pretty printing Pretty printing (at least using the 'C<indented>' style) is hard to get right! Only elements that belong to the document will be properly indented. Printing elements that do not belong to the twig makes it impossible for XML::Twig to figure out their depth, and thus their indentation level. Also there is an unavoidable bug when using C<flush> and pretty printing for elements with mixed content that start with an embedded element: <elt><b>b</b>toto<b>bold</b></elt> will be output as <elt> <b>b</b>toto<b>bold</b></elt> if you flush the twig when you find the C<< <b> >> element =back =head1 Globals These are the things that can mess up calling code, especially if threaded. They might also cause problem under mod_perl. =over 4 =item Exported constants Whether you want them or not you get them! These are subroutines to use as constant when creating or testing elements PCDATA return '#PCDATA' CDATA return '#CDATA' PI return '#PI', I had the choice between PROC and PI :--( =item Module scoped values: constants these should cause no trouble: %base_ent= ( '>' => '>', '<' => '<', '&' => '&', "'" => ''', '"' => '"', ); CDATA_START = "<![CDATA["; CDATA_END = "]]>"; PI_START = "<?"; PI_END = "?>"; COMMENT_START = "<!--"; COMMENT_END = "-->"; pretty print styles ( $NSGMLS, $NICE, $INDENTED, $INDENTED_C, $WRAPPED, $RECORD1, $RECORD2)= (1..7); empty tag output style ( $HTML, $EXPAND)= (1..2); =item Module scoped values: might be changed Most of these deal with pretty printing, so the worst that can happen is probably that XML output does not look right, but is still valid and processed identically by XML processors. C<$empty_tag_style> can mess up HTML bowsers though and changing C<$ID> would most likely create problems. $pretty=0; # pretty print style $quote='"'; # quote for attributes $INDENT= ' '; # indent for indented pretty print $empty_tag_style= 0; # how to display empty tags $ID # attribute used as an id ('id' by default) =item Module scoped values: definitely changed These 2 variables are used to replace tags by an index, thus saving some space when creating a twig. If they really cause you too much trouble, let me know, it is probably possible to create either a switch or at least a version of XML::Twig that does not perform this optimization. %gi2index; # tag => index @index2gi; # list of tags =back If you need to manipulate all those values, you can use the following methods on the XML::Twig object: =over 4 =item global_state Return a hashref with all the global variables used by XML::Twig The hash has the following fields: C<pretty>, C<quote>, C<indent>, C<empty_tag_style>, C<keep_encoding>, C<expand_external_entities>, C<output_filter>, C<output_text_filter>, C<keep_atts_order> =item set_global_state ($state) Set the global state, C<$state> is a hashref =item save_global_state Save the current global state =item restore_global_state Restore the previously saved (using C<Lsave_global_state>> state =back =head1 TODO =over 4 =item SAX handlers Allowing XML::Twig to work on top of any SAX parser =item multiple twigs are not well supported A number of twig features are just global at the moment. These include the ID list and the "tag pool" (if you use C<change_gi> then you change the tag for ALL twigs). A future version will try to support this while trying not to be to hard on performance (at least when a single twig is used!). =back =head1 AUTHOR Michel Rodriguez <mirod@xmltwig.com> =head1 LICENSE This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. Bug reports should be sent using: F<RT L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=XML-Twig>> Comments can be sent to mirod@xmltwig.com The XML::Twig page is at L<http://www.xmltwig.com/xmltwig/> It includes the development version of the module, a slightly better version of the documentation, examples, a tutorial and a: F<Processing XML efficiently with Perl and XML::Twig: L<http://www.xmltwig.com/xmltwig/tutorial/index.html>> =head1 SEE ALSO Complete docs, including a tutorial, examples, an easier to use HTML version of the docs, a quick reference card and a FAQ are available at L<http://www.xmltwig.com/xmltwig/> git repository at L<http://github.com/mirod/xmltwig> L<XML::Parser>, L<XML::Parser::Expat>, L<XML::XPath>, L<Encode>, L<Text::Iconv>, L<Scalar::Utils> =head2 Alternative Modules XML::Twig is not the only XML::Processing module available on CPAN (far from it!). The main alternative I would recommend is L<XML::LibXML>. Here is a quick comparison of the 2 modules: XML::LibXML, actually C<libxml2> on which it is based, sticks to the standards, and implements a good number of them in a rather strict way: XML, XPath, DOM, RelaxNG, I must be forgetting a couple (XInclude?). It is fast and rather frugal memory-wise. XML::Twig is older: when I started writing it XML::Parser/expat was the only game in town. It implements XML and that's about it (plus a subset of XPath, and you can use XML::Twig::XPath if you have XML::XPathEngine installed for full support). It is slower and requires more memory for a full tree than XML::LibXML. On the plus side (yes, there is a plus side!) it lets you process a big document in chunks, and thus let you tackle documents that couldn't be loaded in memory by XML::LibXML, and it offers a lot (and I mean a LOT!) of higher-level methods, for everything, from adding structure to "low-level" XML, to shortcuts for XHTML conversions and more. It also DWIMs quite a bit, getting comments and non-significant whitespaces out of the way but preserving them in the output for example. As it does not stick to the DOM, is also usually leads to shorter code than in XML::LibXML. Beyond the pure features of the 2 modules, XML::LibXML seems to be preferred by "XML-purists", while XML::Twig seems to be more used by Perl Hackers who have to deal with XML. As you have noted, XML::Twig also comes with quite a lot of docs, but I am sure if you ask for help about XML::LibXML here or on Perlmonks you will get answers. Note that it is actually quite hard for me to compare the 2 modules: on one hand I know XML::Twig inside-out and I can get it to do pretty much anything I need to (or I improve it ;--), while I have a very basic knowledge of XML::LibXML. So feature-wise, I'd rather use XML::Twig ;--). On the other hand, I am painfully aware of some of the deficiencies, potential bugs and plain ugly code that lurk in XML::Twig, even though you are unlikely to be affected by them (unless for example you need to change the DTD of a document programatically), while I haven't looked much into XML::LibXML so it still looks shinny and clean to me. That said, if you need to process a document that is too big to fit memory and XML::Twig is too slow for you, my reluctant advice would be to use "bare" XML::Parser. It won't be as easy to use as XML::Twig: basically with XML::Twig you trade some speed (depending on what you do from a factor 3 to... none) for ease-of-use, but it will be easier IMHO than using SAX (albeit not standard), and at this point a LOT faster (see the last test in L<http://www.xmltwig.com/article/simple_benchmark/>). =cut 
