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- WordUp Graphics Toolkit V3.5
- for Turbo C++ v.1.0
- Copyright 1993 Chris Egerter
-
-
- The WordUp Graphics Toolkit is a large collection of functions for use
- in Turbo C++ programs which control many aspects of graphics programming.
- This library was created since there weren't any other libraries which
- suited our needs. WGT provides enough graphics capabilities to satisfy
- the professional programmer, yet is easy enough for beginners.
- Because the library is quite large and contains many functions, we don't
- expect you to learn everything at once. If you get stuck, look through
- the example files for help, and don't give up! Anything is possible once
- you know how to use the WGT system.
-
- WGT includes most of the usual functions found in the common graphics
- programming library such as lines, circles, bars, etc. However, many
- functions are much more complex, such as drop down menus, multidirectional
- scrolling, custom fonts, sprite movement and animation control, palette
- manipulation, special FX, a graphical file selector, and much more...
-
-
- Suggested Order of Learning Topics
- ----------------------------------
- Several example files (number WGTxx.c) should be compiled and studied
- in numerical order. This will help you understand many of the commands
- available.
-
- Please try out each example program, and most importantly, EXPERIMENT!
- The best way to learn is to try things for yourself. If you just load in
- the example files and run them, you will not gain anything. If you
- happen to run into a problem, check the WGT documentation on the functions
- you are using, read the troubleshooting document, and if all else fails,
- mail WordUp Software Productions at the address on the order form.
- All of the libraries have been tested well, and the problem is most likely
- the way your compiler or linker is set up. However there may be a few bugs,
- and we'd like to hear about them.
-
-
- Graphics Programming: An Introduction
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- When programming in graphics mode, the screen is made up of
- many small dots. The WGT library uses a mode which has 320 dots across
- the screen, and 200 down. Each dot can change colours. There are 256
- different colours possible for each dot. When placed side by side
- in a rectanglar lattice pattern, the dots form more complex shapes.
- Each of these dots are called pixels. The 256 colours you can select
- from is called the palette.
- Since the screen 320 by 200 pixels, there is a total of 64000
- (320 times 200) pixels on the screen at all times. Since there are 256
- possible colours, each pixel requires 1 byte of information
- (which ranges 0-255). Therefore a full screen to be saved requires 64000
- bytes of memory.
- The palette is made of 256 containers ranging in number 0-255.
- Each of the 256 colours is made up of red, green, and blue values.
- For short, RGB means red,green, and blue. Imagine mixing colours of
- paint together using only the primary colours. From the RGB colours,
- you can make many other colours and shades. Each RGB value ranges 0-63.
- This is the standard for VGA cards. With 64 possible combinations for
- each of the RGB values, you have a possible 262144 (64*64*64)
- colour combinations!
- So now you know that the screen is made of pixels which can be
- one of 256 colours. Obviously setting each one of these pixels to different
- colours to make a picture would be an enormous task if you had to set every
- pixel one at a time. The WGT library helps you out by giving you control
- of many commands which manipulate the pixels for you. For example, to draw
- a line, just call the line command, and tell it where the endpoints are.
- WGT will do all the calculations for you, and draw the line. When you
- call the line command, you need to tell where the line is on the screen.
- This is done by giving some coordinates. Each coordinate is made of two
- values: X and Y. X means how many pixels across the screen and Y is how
- many pixels down the screen, with 0 being the top left corner.
- Here is a simple diagram with a few coordinates to help you out:
-
- This is your monitor!
- ------------------------------------------
- |(0,0) (319,0)|
- | | A line drawn a line from (100,40)
- | | | to (110,150), it would look like
- | | | this:
- | .(50,50) | | |
- | | <-----------------------
- | | |
- | | |
- | | |
- | |
- |(0,199) (319,199)|
- ------------------------------------------
-
- The WGT library gets much more complex depending on which functions you
- use. It can control the palette, by fading in or out, or rotating it
- (color cycling). It also handles areas of the screen called blocks, which
- hold many pixels together and rectangular arrays. Blocks can be flipped,
- stretched, warped, resized, pasted on the screen, and many other operations.
-
- This should be enough to get you started. Have fun and explore the
- possibilities of the WordUp Graphics Toolkit!
-
-
- How to link the example programs:
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- WGT v3.5 contains many example programs which you can examine or
- change as you like. To link an example program with the libraries
- needed, run the Turbo IDE. Change to the directory where all of
- the example C programs are. Next, open a project file. There should
- be some listed in the dialog. Click on the appropriate project file,
- and run the program. This is necessary because the Turbo C++ linker
- doesn't know what the WGT commands are, until you link in the WGT
- libraries. Take a look at the project window, as it will list the
- libraries and files you are currently linking together.
- The examples named WGTnn.c should be used with the wgtdemo project
- file.
-
- Not all examples will work with the current setup in wgtdemo.prj.
- If the linker reports an undefined symbol, pick out which library is needed
- out of the list below, and add it to the list in the project window.
-
- WGT35.LIB.......Main library (always link this)
- WSPR.LIB........Static background sprite library
- WGT4SCR.LIB.....Multidirectional scrolling library
- WGTMENU.LIB.....Custom drop down menu library
- WGTFLI.LIB......FLI library
- WGTJOY.LIB......Joystick routine library
- WGTSB.LIB.......SoundBlaster routine library
- FILESEL.LIB.....File selector routine
-
-
- Many of the example programs are not complete. They aren't meant as
- games to play around with, but show how to use WGT. You may have more
- fun completing yourself, as you get to know the WGT system.
-
-
- Sprites: Why and When to use them:
- ----------------------------------
- The WordUp Graphics Toolkit contains a special sprite library.
- Sprites are basically animated moving objects on the screen. Sprites
- can be drawn with the WGT Sprite Creator, and loaded into your program
- with a few commands. Each sprite file created can hold up to 1000 sprites
- along with one palette. A block is an area of screen memory which can
- be stored and changed using different commands. When a sprite file is
- loaded, it simply places the sprites into an array of blocks.
- The array is always called 'sprites[1001]' and single sprites can be
- accessed by the array.
- WGT includes a library just for sprites which controls all animation and
- movement. This requires very little knowledge of the sprite array, however
- you can use the array yourself if you want to.
-
- The library for sprites requires the background to remain relatively the
- same. Scrolling backgrounds involve the usage of a completely different
- system of moving images. Please read scroll.doc for more information regarding
- scrolling backgrounds. You must plan ahead, and use the appropriate system
- for your task.
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