Point Programming 1/PPROG1.ISO/c/bc40lib/bc40lib.doc

Text File | 1994-05-08 | 76.9 KB | 2,660 lines

                 BC 4.0 Lib
              Borland C/C++ v4.0 Library
               v1.0 (C) Copyright 1994
            Rockland Software Productions

Description:
    BC40Lib is a programming library for Borland C/C++ v4.0. It includes
    libraries for mouse, joystick, graphics, math, file I/O, and other
    miscellaneous functions.

Differences between the registered and unregistered versions:
    The unregistered version contains a lib for small memory model. This
    allows you to try the library. The registered version comes with source
    code. Please use the unregistered version for evaluation purposes ONLY.
    If you end up using BC40LIB code, you ARE required to register.

Archive contents:
    BC40LIB.doc                      BC40LIB documentation
    *.h                              header files
    *.lib                            library files
    *.c                              source files (registered version only)
    catalog.doc                      Rockland Software Productions catalog
    order.frm                        order form
    support.doc                      support information
    vendor.txt                       distribution policy

Installing:
    1. Copy the .lib file(s) to your \bc4\lib directory.
    2. Copy the .h files to \bc4\include directory.
    3. Copy the .c files (registered version only) to your \bc4\source
       directory.

Using:
   1. Project options - directories - source directories: add \bc4\source.
   2. Project options - directories - include directories: add \bc4\include.
   3. In each source file that uses a library, be sure to #include the .h
      file.
   4. In the project window, add any included .c or .lib files to the project
      tree.

Support:
    Support is available via phone, BBS, email, or mail. See support.doc for
    details.

The Library files:
    BC40Lib consists of the following library files:
    Edit - ascii file editor.
    Fileio - text and binary file i/o.
    Generic2 - miscellaneous routines.
    Graf - device independant graphics.
    Joystick - joystick routines.
    Keyboard - interrupt driven keyboard routines.
    Math2 - math routines.
    Mouse - mouse routines.
    Timer - timing routines.
    Help - ascii help file viewer with search and print.
    Getfile - file selection dialog box.
    Each library of routines has a .c or .obj file, and a .h file.

A note on color variables:
    Anywhere that the library uses color variables, the allowable values
    are 0-15 or 0-255, depending on the current graphics mode. The values
    correspond to the pallete entries currently in effect. For a default
    CGA thru VGA 16 color palette the values are 0=black, 1=blue, 2=green,
    etc.

A note on string variables:
    All string variables use null terminated strings. They are pointers to
    arrays of characters.

A note on coordinate variables:
    All coordinate variable are virtual coordinates (0-10000 by 0-10000)
    unless otherwise noted.

A note on fillstyle variables:
    All fillstyle variables ues the same values as the standard BGI.

A note on 256 color palettes:
    All 256 color palettes are stored in an array[256] of palrec.

A note on areas:
    All areas for fills, getting bitmaps, etc. are defined by the coordinates
    of the upper left (x1,y1) and lower right (x2,y2) corners.

A note on text variables:
    All of the following text variable types use the standard values of the
    BGI: font, textsize, orientation, horizontal and vertical justifications,
    and scaling factors.

==============================================================================

Edit.c:
    This library provides a basic ascii text editor that runs in graphics
    mode. It contains one routine:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void editfile(char *s,int fore,int fore2,int bak);

    S is the name of the ascii file to edit. Fore is text color. Fore2 is
    text shadow color. Bak is background color. This routine draws a large
    panel on the screen and shows the text on the panel. Editing keys work
    in the usual manner. Pressing Esc exits with an option to save. Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <edit.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=0;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
          /* edit autoexec.bat using white text
             with black shadow on blue background. */
    editfile("c:\\autoexec.bat",15,0,1);
    closegraph();
    }

==============================================================================

Fileio.c:
    This library provides easy to use routines for both text and binary file
    input and output. Use these routines instead of fopen, fread, etc. The
    routines in this library call fopen, fread, etc. for you with the proper
    parameters. This library's .h file includes stdio.h. This means you
    don't have to include stdio.h in files that include fileio.h. The
    routines in fileio.c are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int filefound(char *s);

    Searches for a file. S is the name of the file to search for. Returns a 1
    if the file is found, else returns a 0. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    void main()
    {
    if (filefound("c:\\autoexec.bat")) printf("autoexec found\n");
    else printf("autoexec not found\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int readfile(FILE *f,char *s);

    Reads a string from an ascii text file. F is the file to read from.
    S is the string to read into. returns 1 on success, else returns 0.
    Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    char s[100];
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=infile("c:\\autoexec.bat");
    while (readfile(f,s)) printf("%s",s);
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int writefile(FILE *f,char *s);

    Writes a string to an ascii text file. F is the file to write to. S is
    the string to write. Returns 1 on success, else returns 0. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=outfile("test.doc");
    writefile(f,"this is a test.");
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FILE *infile(char *s);

    Opens an ascii text file for input. S is the name of the file to open.
    Returns a file pointer for the opened file. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    char s[100];
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=infile("c:\\autoexec.bat");
    while (readfile(f,s)) printf("%s\n",s);
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FILE *outfile(char *s);

    Opens an ascii text file for output. S is the name of the file to open.
    Returns a file pointer for the newly opened file. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=outfile("test.doc");
    writefile(f,"this is a test.");
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FILE *appendfile(char *s);

    Opens an ascii file for appending output to the end of the file. S is the
    name of the file to open. Returns a file pointer to the newly opened
    file. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=appendfile("c:\\autoexec.bat");
    writefile(f,"echo Hello World!");
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FILE *appendfilebin(char *s);

    Opens a binary file for appending output to the end of the file. S is the
    name of the file to open. Returns a file pointer to the newly opened
    file. Example:

    #include <string.h>
    #include <fileio.h>
    struct addressrec
       {
       char name[20],address[50],phone[20];
       };
    struct addressrec r;
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(r.name,"Joe Blow");
    strcpy(r.address,"123 anystreet, Fairfax VA, 22033");
    strcpy(r.phone,"703-555-1212");
    f=appendfilebin("address.dat");
    writefilebin(f,&r,sizeof(r));
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FILE *infilebin(char *s);

    Opens a binary file for input. S is the name of the file to open. Returns
    a file pointer to the newly opened file. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    struct addressrec
       {
       char name[20],address[50],phone[20];
       };
    struct addressrec r;
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=infilebin("address.dat");
    readfilebin(f,&r,sizeof(r));
    fclose(f);
    printf("%s\n",r.name);
    printf("%s\n",r.address);
    printf("%s\n",r.phone);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FILE *outfilebin(char *s);

    Opens a binary file for output. S is the name of the file to open.
    Returns a file pointer to the newly opened file. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    struct addressrec
       {
       char name[20],address[50],phone[20];
       };
    struct addressrec r;
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(r.name,"Joe Blow");
    strcpy(r.address,"123 anystreet, Fairfax VA, 22033");
    strcpy(r.phone,"703-555-1212");
    f=outfilebin("address.dat");
    writefilebin(f,&r,sizeof(r));
    fclose(f);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int readfilebin(FILE *f,void *rec,int recsize);

    Reads a record from a binary file. F is the file pointer of the file to
    read from. Rec points to the record to read into. Recsize is the size (in
    bytes) of the record to be read. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    struct addressrec
       {
       char name[20],address[50],phone[20];
       };
    struct addressrec r;
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    f=infilebin("address.dat");
    readfilebin(f,&r,sizeof(r));
    fclose(f);
    printf("%s\n",r.name);
    printf("%s\n",r.address);
    printf("%s\n",r.phone);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int writefilebin(FILE *f,void *rec,int recsize);

    Writes a record to a binary file. F is the file pointer of the file to
    write to. Rec points to the record to write. Recsize is the size (in
    bytes) of the record to be written. Example:

    #include <fileio.h>
    struct addressrec
       {
       char name[20],address[50],phone[20];
       };
    struct addressrec r;
    FILE *f;
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(r.name,"Joe Blow");
    strcpy(r.address,"123 anystreet, Fairfax VA, 22033");
    strcpy(r.phone,"703-555-1212");
    f=outfilebin("address.dat");
    writefilebin(f,&r,sizeof(r));
    fclose(f);
    }

==============================================================================

Generic2.c:

    This library provides miscellaneous routines. It includes sound, keyboard,
    string, and dos routines. Routines are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void beep(int f, int d);

    Produces a beep on the PC's speaker. F is the frequency (in Hertz) of the
    beep. D is the duration of the beep in milliseconds. Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
     /* produces a beep similar to character 7, the bell character */
    beep(1000,100);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void nokey();

    Waits until no keyboard keys are being pressed. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
    printf("Press a key to continue...\n");
    nokey();
    /* waits for no keystrokes, emptying keyboard buffer, then continues */
    getch();   /* gets a keystroke */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int inserton();

    Returns 1 if insert is on, else returns 0. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
    if (inserton()) printf("insert is on\n");
    else printf("insert is off\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void delchar(char *s,int first,int num);

    Deletes characters from a string. S is the (null terminated) string to
    delete characters from. First is the 1st character to delete (zero based,
    just like character arrays). Num is the number of characters to delete.
    Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(s,"joe blow");
      /* delete 5 characters from S, starting with character 3. */
    delchar(s,3,5);
    printf("%s\n",s);      /* prints out "joe" */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void copyfile(char *s,char *s2);

    Copies a file. S is the source filename. S2 is the destination filename.
    Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
    copyfile("c:\\autoexec.bat","c:\\autoexec.bak"); /* backup the autoexec */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void chdrv(int i);

    Changes the current drive. I is the drive to change to (0=A:, 1=B:, 2=C:,
    etc.). Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
    chdrv(2);     /*     change to C:    */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int deviceready(char *s);

    Returns 1 if device s is ready. Otherwise returns 0. S can be: "prn",
    "lpt1", "lpt2", "lpt3", "com1", "com2", "com3", or "com4". Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    if (deviceready("prn")) printf("Printer is ready...\n");
    else printf("Error: printer not ready.\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void stringcopy(char *fromstr,char *tostr,int startchar,int numchars);

    Copies part of a string to another string. Fromstr is the string to copy
    from. Tostr is the string to copy to. Startchar is the first character to
    copy (zero based). Numchars is the number of characters to copy. Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(s,"This is a test");
    stringcopy(s,s2,5,4);
    printf("%s\n",s2);          /* prints "is a".   */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void doscommand(char *s);

    Executes a dos command. S is the command as you would enter it at the dos
    prompt. Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    char s[100],s2[100];
    printf("Enter search spec...\n");
    scanf("%s",s);
    strcpy(s2,"dir ");
    strcat(s2,s);
    doscommand(s2);
    printf("Press a key...\n");
    getch();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void slash(char *s);

    Adds a backslash to the end of string s if the last character is not a
    backslash. Use this to add a backslash (if needed) to a directory name
    before adding a filename to the end of the dirctory name. Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    #include <string.h>
    void main()
    {
    char s[100];
    strcpy(s,"c:\\");          /*    s = "c:\"               */
    slash(s);                  /*    s = "c:\"               */
    strcat(s,"command.com");   /*    s = "c:\command.com"    */
    strcpy(s,"c:\\dos");       /*    s = "c:\dos"            */
    slash(s);                  /*    s = "c:\dos\"           */
    strcat(s,"edit.exe");      /*    s = "c:\dos\edit.exe"   */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void filenameonly(char *fullname,char *filename);

    Returns the filename and extension of a full filename. Fullname is the
    complete filename (drive, directory, filename, and extension). The
    filename with extension is returned in the string <filename>. Example:

    #include <generic2.h>
    #include <string.h>
    void main()
    {
    char s[100],s2[100];
    strcpy(s,"c:\\command.com");
    filenameonly(s,s2);            /* returns "command.com" in s2 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    long diskfree(int i);

    Returns the number of bytes free on a disk. I is the disk (0=current
    drive, 1=A:, 2=B:, 3=C:, etc). Returns -1 if i is not a valid drive.

==============================================================================

Graf.c:
    This library provides device independant graphics. It works on a virtual
    coordinate system 0 to 10000 by 0 to 10000 which is then automatically
    mapped to the resolution of the video mode being run (ie 640x480,
    1024x768, etc.). It contains a wide range of routines for graphics.
    It also declares some data structures for use in graphics programming.
    Data structures are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    struct palrec
       {
       unsigned char redval,greenval,blueval;
       };

    This record type holds the information for one palette entry of a 256
    color palette. It is usually used as the element of an array[256] which
    is a 256 color palette (ie: struct palrec mypal[256]; ). Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
     /* note that PAL, a 256 color palette, is declared as an array[256]
    (ie 0 to 255) of palrec!   */
    struct palrec pal[256];
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=1;
    grafon();
    getallrgbpalette(pal);   /* copy current palette into PAL */
    savepal("default.pal",pal);       /* save PAL to disk */
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    extern int graffontsize;

    This variable is set automatically by the grafon() routine. It is the
    text size used by the menus, dialog boxes, etc in the BC 40 Lib library.
    It is set so that text will be approximately the same size reguardless of
    what video mode you are running. Use it in your saygraf, saygraf3d, and
    settextstyle calls to keep text device independant. It is designed to
    yield approximately 3/8 inch tall characters when font #2 (litt.chr) is
    used. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=0;
    grafon();
    saygraf3d(5000,5000,15,7,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"Hello world!");
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    extern int vidmode;

    This variable is set by you before you call grafon(). It tells grafon()
    what graphics mode to go into. It also can be used to determine what
    graphics mode you're in once you call grafon(). Allowable values are:
    0 - vga 640x350x16 2 vid pages
    1 - vga 648x480x16
    2 - vga 320x200x256*
    3 - vesa svga 640x400x256*
    4 - vesa svga 640x480x256*
    5 - vesa svga 800x600x256*
    6 - vesa svga 1024x768x256*
    * requires bgi256v2.bgi, a popular sharware VESA SVGA bgi driver
      (not included).
    Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;   /* set graphics to start in 640x480x16 VGA. */
    grafon();    /* go to graphics mode */
    saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"Hello world!");
    getch();
    closegraph();   /* end graphics mode, return to text mode */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    extern char m[25][100];

    This array of strings is used by the menus and dialog boxes in the Graf
    library. It is used to hold menu options, or dialog box text. When
    you aren't calling routines that use the array, you may use it for your
    own purposes. To use it with a routine such as a menu, you first copy
    the desired strings into the array, and then call the menu routine. The
    menu routine will use the text in the array for the menu. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    /* load menu options into array */
    strcpy(m[0],"Please select...");
    strcpy(m[1],"Yes");
    strcpy(m[2],"No");
    /* call menu routine */
    i=popupmenu(-1,-1,2,15,0,1,1);
    if (i==1)
       saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"Yes selected");
    else saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"No selected");
    nobutton();
    do
      {
      }
      while (mousebutton()==0);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void loadpal(char *s, struct palrec *pal);

    This routine loads a 256 color palette from disk into an array[256] of
    palrec. S is the filename of the palette data file to load. Pal is a
    pointer to an array[256] of palrec that the palette will be read into.
    Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    struct palrec pal[256];
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=2;
    grafon();
    loadpal("test.pal",pal);   /* load test.pal from disk into PAL*/
    setallrgbpalette(pal);     /* set palette to PAL */
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void savepal(char *s, struct palrec *pal);

    Saves a 256 color palette to disk. S is the name of the palette data file
    to create. Pal is a pointer to an array[256] of palrec, which is the
    palette to be saved. Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    struct palrec pal[256];
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=1;
    grafon();
    getallrgbpalette(pal);   /* copy current palette into PAL */
    savepal("default.pal",pal);       /* save PAL to disk */
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void setallrgbpalette(struct palrec *pal);

    Sets the computer's 256 color palette. Pal points to an array[256] of
    palrec that contains the new values for the computer's palette. Uses
    a rom bios interrupt call to set the palette. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    struct palrec pal[256];
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=2;
    grafon();
    loadpal("test.pal",pal);   /* load test.pal from disk into PAL*/
    setallrgbpalette(pal);     /* set palette to PAL */
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int x2vidx(int x);

    Converts a virtual x coordinate to a hardware x coordinate. X is the
    virtual x coordinate to convert. Returns the hardware x coordinate.
    Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=2;   /* 640x480x16 */
    grafon();
    i=x2vidx(10000);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 639 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int y2vidy(int y);

    Converts a virtual y coordinate to a hardware y coordinate. Y is the
    virtual y coordinate to convert. Returns the hardware y coordinate.
    Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=2;   /* 640x480x16 */
    grafon();
    i=y2vidy(10000);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 479 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int mousex2x(int x);

    Converts a harware or mouse x coordinate to a virtual x coordinate. X is
    the hardware or mouse x coordinate to convert. Returns the virtual x
    coordinate. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=2;   /* 640x480x16 */
    grafon();
    i=mousex2x(639);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 10000 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int mousey2y(int y);

    Converts a harware or mouse y coordinate to a virtual y coordinate. Y is
    the hardware or mouse y coordinate to convert. Returns the virtual y
    coordinate. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=2;   /* 640x480x16 */
    grafon();
    i=mousey2y(479);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 10000 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafpie(int x, int y, int startangle, int endangle, int radius,
         int color, int fillstyle);

    Draws a filled pieslice. x,y are the point of the pieslice. Startangle is
    the angle (in degrees) of the beginning edge of the pieslice. Endangle
    is the angle (in degrees) of the ending edge of the pieslice. Radius is
    the radius of the pieslice in virual coordinates. Color is the color of
    the pieslice, and Fillstyle is the fill pattern used to fill the pieslice.
    Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    pieslice(5000,5000,0,45,4000,14,9);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void *grafload(char *s);

    Loads a bitmap from disk. S is the filename of the bitmap to load from
    disk. Returns a pointer to the bitmap. Once you're done with the bitmap,
    don't forget to dispose of it by calling free(). Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void *p;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    p=grafload("bitmap1.grf");
    grafput(0,0,0,p);
    free(p);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafsave(char *s,void *p);

    Saves a bitmap to disk. S is the filename to save as. P points to the
    bitmap to save. Once you're done with a bitmap, don't forget to dispose
    of it by calling free(). Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void *p;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    fillgraf(2000,2000,3000,3000,14,9);
    p=grafget(1000,1000,4000,4000);
    grafsave("test.grf",p);
    free(p);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getallrgbpalette(struct palrec *pal);

    Gets the current 256 color palette. Puts the current palette values into
    Pal. Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    struct palrec pal[256];
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=1;
    grafon();
    getallrgbpalette(pal);   /* copy current palette into PAL */
    savepal("default.pal",pal);       /* save PAL to disk */
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void fillgraf(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color,int fill);

    Fills a rectangular area with a color and fillstyle. x1,y1,x2,y2 are
    the coordinates of the area to fill. Color is the color to fill the area
    with. Fill is the fillstyle to use when filling the area. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=1;
    grafon();
    fillgraf(1000,1000,2000,2000,14,9);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void clsgraf(int color,int fill);

    Clears the screen. Color is the color to be used. Fill is the fillstyle
    to be used. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    clsgraf(14,9);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafon();

    Turns on graphics. Use instead of initgraph(). Set vidmode to the
    desired video mode before calling grafon(). This routine sets
    graffontsize according to the vidmode selected. Don't forget to
    use closegraph() to turn off graphics mode when you're done with
    graphics mode. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"640x480x16");
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void saygraf3d(int x, int y, int fore, int bak, int font, int size,
           int orientation, int hjust, int vjust, int xmul, int xdiv,
           int ymul, int ydiv,const char *s);

    Writes 3D text on the screen. Writes text at position x,y. Fore and
    Bak are the text and text shadow colors. Font is the font to use.
    Size is the size of the text. Orientation is 0 for horizontal, or
    1 for vertical. Hjust and Vjust are the horizontal and vertical
    justification to use. They work the same as in the BGI routine
    settextjustify(). Xmul, Xdiv, Ymul, and Ydiv are scaleing factors. They
    work the same as in the BGI routine setusercharsize(). S is the string of
    text to write to the screen. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    saygraf3d(5000,5000,15,7,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"3D Text");
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void saygraf(int x, int y, int fore, int font, int size, int orientation,
         int hjust, int vjust, int xmul, int xdiv, int ymul, int ydiv,
         char *s);

    Writes text on the screen. Writes text at position x,y. Fore is the text
    color. Font is the font to use. Size is the size of the text. Orientation
    is 0 for horizontal, or 1 for vertical. Hjust and Vjust are the
    horizontal and vertical justification to use. They work the same as in
    the BGI routine settextjustify(). Xmul, Xdiv, Ymul, and Ydiv are
    scaleing factors. They work the same as in the BGI routine
    setusercharsize(). S is the string of text to write to the screen.
    Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"This is some text");
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void *grafget(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2);

    Gets an area from the screen and stores it in a bitmap. x1,y1,x2,y2 are
    the coordinates of the area to get. Returns a pointer to the bitmap.
    Don't forget to dispose of the bitmap when you're done with it by calling
    free(). Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void *p;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    fillgraf(2000,2000,3000,3000,14,9);
    p=grafget(1000,1000,4000,4000);
    grafsave("test.grf",p);
    free(p);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafline(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color,int style,
          int thickness);

    Draws a line. x1,y1 and x2,y2 are the endpoints of the line. Color is
    the color to use. Style is the line style. It uses standard BGI line
    style constants just like the standard BGI routine setlinestyle() does.
    Thickness is the line thickness. It uses standard BGI line thickness
    constants just like the standard BGI routine setlinestyle(). Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    grafline(1000,1000,9000,9000,15,0,1);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafpix(int x, int y, int color);

    Draws a pixel on the screen. X,Y are the pixel coordinates. Color is the
    color to draw the pixel. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    for (i=0; i<=10000; i+=100) grafpix(i,i,15);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void panel(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int color, int pressed);

    Draws a beveled panel. x1,y1,x2,y2 is the area the panel covers. Color
    is the panel color. Pressed is a boolean. Set Pressed = 1 for pressed
    in look. Set Pressed = 0 for popped out look. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    panel(3000,3000,7000,7000,7,0);
    panel(4000,4000,5000,4500,9,0);
    panel(4000,5000,5000,5500,7,1);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void graftri(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3,int color,
         int fill);

    Draws a triangle. x1,y1,xc2,y2,x3,y3 are the corners of the triangle.
    Color and Fill are the color and fillstyle for the triangle. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    graftri(1000,9000,5000,1000,9000,9000,13,10);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafput(int x, int y, int put, void *p);

    Puts a bitmap to the screen. x,y is the upper left corner for the bitmap.
    Put is a standard BGI put type constant just like in the standard BGI
    routine putimage(). Note that you may also use the extended put types
    available with BGI256V2.BGI, a popular shareware VESA SVGA BGI driver.
    Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void *p;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    p=grafload("bitmap1.grf");
    grafput(0,0,0,p);
    free(p);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafmsg(int x, int y, int i, int fore,int fore2, int bak,
         int doclick,int dopause, int doprint);

    Displays a message box. x,y are the upper left corner of the box. If
    x=-1, box will be centered left to right. If y=-1, box will be centered
    top to bottom. I is the index of the last string in the message (ie. for
    a message that uses m[0] thru m[7], i=7). Fore and Fore2 are the text and
    text shadow colors. Bak is the box color. Uses the global array of
    strings m[] to hold the text.
    If doprint=1: the box won't be drawn at all, and the contents will be
          printed to PRN. Dopause and Doclick are ignored.
    If doprint=0: If dopause=1: the screen behind the box will be saved, and
                the last line of the message box will read
                "Press P to print or a mouse button to
                continue...". When a mouse button is pressed,
                the screen will be restored. If the user
                presses P, the text of the box will be
                printed on device PRN. If doclick=1, the
                speaker will make a click sound when the
                mouse is pressed to clear the message box.
                If doclick=0, no sound will be made.
          If dopause=0: the box will be drawn, and grafmsg will then
                return. doclick is ignored.
    Example:

    #include <string.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    strcpy(m[0],"This is a message box");
    strcpy(m[1],"Text of the message goes here");
    grafmsg(-1,-1,1,15,0,1,1,1,0);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafrect(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int color,int style,
          int thickness);

    Draws a rectangle. x1,y1,x2,y2 is the area covered by the rectangle.
    Color and Style are the color and fill style for the rectangle. Thickness
    is the line thickness for the edges of the rectangle. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    grafrect(1000,1000,3000,2000,12,3,1);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void clsstars();

    Clears the screen, using a stary background. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    clsstars();
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void select(int *x, int *y,int doclick);

    Gets a selection using the mouse. Shows the mouse, waits for a button to
    be pressed, then hides the mouse and returns the mouse position in
    virtual coordinates. X,Y return the mouse's position when a button is
    pressed. If doclick=1, the speaker will make a click sound when the mouse
    button is pressed. If doclick=0, no click sound will be made. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int x,y;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    select(&x,&y,1);
    closegraph();
    printf("x=%d    y=%d\n",x,y);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int popupmenu(int x,int y,int i,int fore,int fore2,int bak,int doclick);

    Does a popup menu. Menu appears, mouse appears, once an option is
    selected, mouse disappears, then menu disappears. x,y is the upper left
    corner of the menu. If x=-1, menu is centered left to right. If y=-1,
    menu is centered top to bottom.  Uses global string array m[] to hold the
    title (m[0]) and options (m[1], m[2], etc). I is the index of the last
    string used (ie for a menu that uses m[0] thru m[2], i=2). Fore and Fore2
    are the text and text shadow colors. Bak is the menu color. If Doclick=1,
    the speaker will click when the mouse button is pressed. If Doclick=0,
    no click will be made. Returns the number of the menu option selected (ie
    returns 1 if they select the 1st menu option, 2 if they select the second
    menu option, etc). Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    /* load menu options into array */
    strcpy(m[0],"Please select...");
    strcpy(m[1],"Yes");
    strcpy(m[2],"No");
    /* call menu routine */
    i=popupmenu(-1,-1,2,15,0,1,1);
    if (i==1)
       saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"Yes selected");
    else saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"No selected");
    nobutton();
    do
      {
      }
      while (mousebutton()==0);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getstr(char *promptstr,char *returnstr,int fore,int fore2,int bak);

    Gets a string from the user. Draws a dialog box, displays a prompt, then
    lets the user enter a string. Promptstr is the prompt string. Returnstr
    returns the string entered by the user. Fore and Fore2 are text and text
    shadow colors. Bak is dialog box color. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    getstr("Enter a string...",s,15,0,1);
    closegraph();
    printf("%s\n",s);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int getnum(char *promptstr,int fore,int fore2,int bak,int doclick);

    Gets an integer from the user, using a popup numeric keypad. Keypad
    appears with a prompt, then the mouse appears. Once the user enters
    a number and selects ok, the mouse disappears, then the keypad
    disappears. Promptstr is the prompt string. Fore and Fore2 are the text
    text shadow colors. Bak is the keypad color. If doclick=1, the speaker
    will click when a mouse button is pressed. If doclick=0, the speaker will
    not click. Returns the integer the user entered. The keypad has keys 0
    thru 9, C (clear), and Ok. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    i=getnum("Enter a number...",15,0,1,1);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getfile(char *promptstr, char *searchspec, char *returnstr,int fore,
         int fore2,int bak,int doclick);

    Gets a filename from the user. Displays a menu listing files. The menu
    has More and Cancel options as well as filenames. Shows the mouse, and
    lets the user select from the menu. Returns the filename selected.
    Returns an empty string (ie "") for cancel. Promptstr is the prompt that
    appears as the menu title. Searchspec is the file search spec for the
    list of filenames. Wildcard characters are allowed in the search
    filespec. Returnstr returns the selected filename. Fore and Fore2 are
    text and text shadow colors. Bak is menu color. If doclick=1, speaker
    will click when a mouse button is pressed. If doclick=0 , speaker will
    not click. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    getfile("Select a file...","c:\\*.*",s,15,0,1,1);
    closegraph();
    printf("%s\n",s);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void setborder(int i);

    Sets the border color. I is the color for the border. Does not work on
    all hardware. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    setborder(1);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int getcol(char *s,int fore,int fore2,int bak,int doclick);

    Gets a color from the user. Displays a menu of colors. Lets the user
    select a color with the mouse. Returns the color selected. S is the
    prompt string for the color menu. Fore and Fore2 are the text and text
    shadow colors. Bak is the menu color. If doclick=1, speaker
    will click when a mouse button is pressed. If doclick=0 , speaker will
    not click. This routine will automaticaly use either a 16 color or 256
    color menu, depending on the current video mode. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    i=getcol("Select a color...",15,0,1,1);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int getfill(char *s,int fore,int fore2,int bak,int color,int doclick);

    Gets a fillstyle from the user. Shows a menu of fill styles. Lets the
    user select a fillstyle with the mouse. Returns the fillstyle selected.
    S is the prompt string for the fillstyle menu. Fore and Fore2 are the
    text and text shadow colors. Bak is the menu color. Color is the color
    for the fillpatterns in the menu. If doclick=1, speaker will click when a
    mouse button is pressed. If doclick=0 , speaker will not click. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    i=getfill("Select a fillstyle...",15,0,1,14,1);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getarea(int x1,int y1,int *x2,int *y2);

    Gets an area from the user. Shows the mouse, waits for the user to select
    the upper left corner of the area. Then does a rubberband box while the
    user moves to the lower right corner. When the user selects the lower
    right corner, the rubber band box disappears. The uppper left and lower
    right coordinates of the area selected are returned in x1,y1,x2,y2.
    Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int x1,y1,x2,y2;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    saygraf(5000,500,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,"Select an area...");
    getarea(x1,y1,x2,y2);
    fillgraf(x1,y1,x2,y2,14,4);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int getpix(int x,int y);

    Gets the current color of a pixel. x,y are the pixel's coordinates.
    Returns the pixel's color. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    i=getpix(5000,5000);
    closegraph();
    printf("%d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void fillstars(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2);

    Fills an area with a stary pattern. x1,y1,x2,y2 are the area's
    coordinates. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    fillstars(1000,1000,5000,5000);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafcircle(int x,int y,int rad,int color,int style,int thickness);

    Draws a filled circle. x,y is the center of the circle. Rad is the
    radius. Color and Style are the fill color and fill style to use.
    Thickness is the line thickness for the edge of the circle. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    grafcircle(5000,5000,1000,4,7,1);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void wait4retrace(void);

    Waits until the beginning of the next vertical retrace. Use this to time
    your screen updates with the CRT's vertical retrace interval to reduce
    flicker. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i;
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    clsgraf(0,1);
    for (i=0; i<9000; i++)
    {
    waitforretrace();
    fillgraf(i,4000,i+1000,5000,15,1);
    waitforretrace();
    fillgraf(i,4000,i+1000,5000,0,1);
    }
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void fadeout(void);

    Fades a 256 color palette to black. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i,j,k;
    randomize();
    vidmode=2;
    grafon();
    clsgraf(0,1);
    for (i=0; i<9000; i++)
    {
    j=dice(9000);
    k=dice(9000);
    fillgraf(j,k,j+1000,k+,dice(15),dice(11));
    }
    fadeout();
    closegraph();
    }


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void fadein(struct palrec *pal);

    Fades in a 256 color palette from black. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i,j,k;
    struct palrec pal[256],pal2[256];
    randomize();
    vidmode=2;
    grafon();
    clsgraf(0,1);
    memset(pal,0,sizeof(pal));
    getallrgbpalette(pal2);
    setallrgbpalette(pal);
    for (i=0; i<9000; i++)
    {
    j=dice(9000);
    k=dice(9000);
    fillgraf(j,k,j+1000,k+,dice(15),dice(11));
    }
    fadein(pal2);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    char getdrv(char *s, int fore, int fore2, int bak, int doclick);

    Lets the user select a drive from a menu. Returns the letter of the
    selected drive. Returns ' ' (a space) if user cancels. S is the prompt
    for the menu. Fore is the text color. Fore2 is the text shadow color.
    Bak is the menu color. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <generic2.h>
    void main()
    {
    char c;
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    c=getdrv("Change to drive...");
    if (c != ' ') chdrv(c);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void refreshon(void);

    Turns on video refresh. Use with refreshoff() to control video refresh.
    NOTE: Turning refresh off is like turning down the monitor brightness all
    the way - I.E. the screen goes black. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    struct palrec pal[256];
    vidmod=2;
    grafon();
    getallrgbpalette2(pal);
    fadeout();
    refreshoff();
    /* draw stuff now. drawing goes faster with refresh off supposedly. */
    refreshon();
    fadein(pal);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void refreshoff(void);

    Turns off video refresh. Use with refreshon() to control video refresh.
    NOTE: Turning refresh off is like turning down the monitor brightness all
    the way - I.E. the screen goes black. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    struct palrec pal[256];
    vidmod=2;
    grafon();
    getallrgbpalette2(pal);
    fadeout();
    refreshoff();
    /* draw stuff now. drawing goes faster with refresh off supposedly. */
    refreshon();
    fadein(pal);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getgrafsize(void *p, int *x, int *y);

    Gets the size of a bitmap. P points to the bitmap. The width is returned
    in X, the height in Y. The size returned is in hardware coordinates
    (pixels), not BC40LIB GRAF coordinates. Use mousex2x() and mousey2y() to
    convert to GRAF coordinates. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    void main()
    {
    int x,y;
    void *p;
    vidmode=2;        /* 320x200x256 */
    grafon();
    p=grafget(0,0,10000,10000);    /* get entire screen */
    getgrafsize(p,&x,&y);
    /* x is now 320. y is now 200. */
    x=mousex2x(x);
    y=mousey2y(y);
    /* x is now 10000. y is now 10000 */
    free(p);
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void grafcopy(int x,int y,void *p,void *p2);

    Copies a bitmap into another bitmap. P is the source bitmap to copy. P2
    is the target bitmap to copy into. The copy is done offscreen in memory.
    The source bitmap is copied into the target bitmap beginning at
    offset x,y from the upper left corner of the target bitmap. This routine
    is currently under construction. Do not use it. It doesn't work yet. This
    description is included to keep you from wondering what it is.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void setallrgbpalette2(struct palrec *pal);

    Sets the computer's 256 color palette. Pal points to an array[256] of
    palrec that contains the new values for the computer's palette. Uses
    port addressing to set the palette. Appears to be slightly faster than
    setallrgbpalette() which uses a bios call to set the palette. Example:

    #include <conio.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    struct palrec pal[256];
    void main()
    {
    grafmode=2;
    grafon();
    loadpal("test.pal",pal);   /* load test.pal from disk into PAL*/
    setallrgbpalette(pal);     /* set palette to PAL */
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void setrgbpalette2(int regnum,int red,int green,int blue);

    As BC40's setrgbpalette(). Sets a 256 color palette register using a rom
    bios interrupt call. Appears to be slightly faster than BC40's
    setrgbpalette() routine. Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i;
    grafmode=2;
    grafon();
    clsgraf(0,1);                /* clear screen to black */
    for (i=0; i<256; i++)           /* fade in red */
    setrgbpalette2(0,i,0,0);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void setrgbpalette3(int regnum,int red,int green,int blue);

    As BC40's setrgbpalette(). Sets a 256 color palette register using port
    Addressing. Appears to be slightly faster than setrgbpalette2() which
    uses a bios call. Example:

    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i;
    grafmode=2;
    grafon();
    clsgraf(0,1);                     /* clear screen to black */
    for (i=0; i<256; i++)               /* fade in purple */
    setrgbpalette2(0,i,0,i);
    getch();
    closegraph();
    }

==============================================================================

Joystick.c:
    This library provides joystick support routines. Variables and routines
    are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    extern int hasstick;

    Boolean variable set by detectstick(). Hasstick=1 means a game port is
    connected. A joystick may or may not be connected to the game port.
    Detectstick can't tell if there's a joystick, only a game port.
    Hasstick=0 means no game port found, therefore no joystick. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <joystick.h>
    void main()
    {
    detectstick();
    if (hasstick) printf("Game port found\n");
    else printf("No game port found\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getstik(int *x, int *y, int *b1, int *b2);

    Gets the current joystick status. Returns joystick information in x,y,b1,
    and b2. X and y are numbers returned by the stick that indicate position.
    The minimum and maximum values returned for x and y depend on computer
    speed, and will vary from machine to machine. For x, the minimum value is
    all the way left. For y, the minimum value is all the way forward.
    Because the minimum and maximum values for x and y vary with machine, you
    will need to write a joystick calibration routine to determine the
    minimum and maximum x and y values returned. B1 and B2 return the status
    of the buttons. B1 is for button #1, and B2 is for button #2. A value of
    1 indicates pressed, 0 means not pressed. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <joystick.h>
    int x,y,b1,b2;
    void main()
    {
    printf("move stick to upper left and press button 1...\n");
    do
      {
      getstik(&x,&y,*b1,&b2);
      }
      while (b1==0);
    printf("minimum x value is %d\n",x);
    printf("minimum y value is %d\n",y);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void nostikbutton();

    Waits until no joystick buttons are being pressed. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <joystick.h>
    int x,y,b1,b2;
    void main()
    {
    printf("press joystick button 1...\n");
    do
      {
      getstik(&x,&y,*b1,&b2);
      }
      while (b1==0);
    printf("button 1 pressed\n");
    nostikbutton();
    printf("button 1 released\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void detectstick();

    Checks for existance of a game port. Sets the global variable Hasstick to
    1 if a game port is found, else sets hasstick to 0. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <joystick.h>
    void main()
    {
    detectstick();
    if (hasstick) printf("Game port found\n");
    else printf("No game port found\n");
    }

==============================================================================

Keyboard.c:
    This library provides interrupt driven keyboard input. It can be used for
    programs such as keyboard driven realtime simulator games. It replaces
    the keyboard interrupt handler with a routine that updates an array that
    stores the current state (pressed or not pressed) of the keys. Once the
    new handler is installed, the kepressed() function can be used to get the
    current state (pressed or not pressed) of a key. Routines are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void startkeyboard();

    Clears keys array, saves old interrupt 9 (keyboard) handler address,
    installs new interrupt 9 handler. The new handler updates an array that
    tracks the state (pressed or not pressed) of the keys, and then calls the
    old int 9 handler. Call once before accessing keys array via keypressed().
    Example:

    #include <keyboard.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    startkeyboard();
    do
      {
      printf("Esc not pressed\n");
      }
      while (! keypressed(0));
    do
      {
      printf("Esc is pressed\n");
      }
      while (keypressed(0));
    stopkeyboard();
    }


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int keypressed(int i);

    Returns the state of a key. I is the scancode of the key. Returns 1 if
    the key is being pressed, else returns 0. Example:

    #include <keyboard.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    startkeyboard();
    do
      {
      printf("Esc not pressed\n");
      }
      while (! keypressed(0));
    do
      {
      printf("Esc is pressed\n");
      }
      while (keypressed(0));
    stopkeyboard();
    }


    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void stopkeyboard();

    Restores the old interrupt 9 handler. Call this routine once when you're
    done accessing keys array. Example:

    #include <keyboard.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    startkeyboard();
    do
      {
      printf("Esc not pressed\n");
      }
      while (! keypressed(0));
    do
      {
      printf("Esc is pressed\n");
      }
      while (keypressed(0));
    stopkeyboard();
    }

==============================================================================

Math2.c:
    This library provides various math routines. Data structures and routines
    are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    extern float sinof[360],cosof[360];

    These arrays are lookup tables that hold the values of the sins and
    cosines of angles from 0 to 359 degrees. For example sinof[0] holds the
    sin of 0 degrees. Cosof[0] holds the cosine of 0 degrees. They must be
    initialized by a call to inittrigtables(). After that you may access them
    instead of calling sin() and cos(). Accessing the lookup tables runs MUCH
    faster than calling sin() or cos(). Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    inittrigtables();
    for (i=0; i<360; i++)
    printf("i=%d  sin(i)=%f  cos(i)=%f\n",i,sinof[i],cosof[i]);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int round(float f);

    Returns the rounded off value of a number. The number is rounded to the
    nearest integer. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    i=round(3.141);
    printf("Round(3.141)=%d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int headingto(long x1, long y1, long x2, long y2);

    Returns the compass heading (0 to 359 degrees) from point x1,y1 to point
    x2,y2. The points are points on a right cartiesan plane coordinate
    system. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    i=headingto(1,1,2,2);   /* i is 45 degrees */
    printf("heading from 1,1 to 2,2 is %d degrees\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int markvalue(long x1, long y1, long z1, long x2, long y2, long z2);

    Returns the spherical coordinate system second angle (rho - angle of
    inclination) from the point x1,y1,z1 to the point x2,y2,z2. The points
    are in right cartesian coordinates. For the value returned, 0 is
    horizontal, 90 is up, -90 is down 180/-180 is upsidedown & opposite
    direction. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    i=markvalue(1,1,1,2,2,2);   /* i is 45 degrees */
    printf("markvalue from 1,1,1 to 2,2,2 is %d degrees\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    long dist3d(long x1, long y1, long z1, long x2, long y2, long z2);

    Returns the 3 dimentional distance from point x1,y1,z1 to point x2,y2,z2.
    the points are in right cartesian coodinates. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    long l;
    void main()
    {
    l=dist3d(1,1,1,20,20,20);
    printf("distance from 1,1,1 to 20,20,20 is %d\n",l);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void i2s(long i,char *s);

    Converts an integer to a string. I is the integer to convert. S is the
    string to return the result in. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    i=45;
    i2s(i,s);
    printf("i = %s\n",s);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void l2s(long i,char *s);

    Converts a long integer to a string. I is the integer to convert. S is the
    string to return the result in. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    i=45;
    i2s(i,s);
    printf("i = %s\n",s);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void f2s(float f,char *s);

    Converts a float to a string. F is the float to convert. S is the
    string to return the result in. The result will have 20 digits. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    float i;
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    i=1.0;
    f2s(i,s);
    printf("i = %s\n",s);   /* prints "i = 1.0000000000000000000"   */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void f2s2(float f,char *s);

    Converts a float to a string. F is the float to convert. S is the
    string to return the result in. The result will have 2 decimal places.
    Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    float i;
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    i=1.0;
    f2s(i,s);
    printf("i = %s\n",s);   /* prints "i = 1.00"   */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int s2i(char *s);

    Converts a string to an integer. Returns the integer value of string S.
    Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    int i;
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(s,"100");
    i=s2i(s);
    printf("s = %d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    long s2l(char *s);

    Converts a string to a long integer. Returns the integer value of string
    S. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <string.h>
    long i;
    char s[100];
    void main()
    {
    strcpy(s,"100000");
    i=s2l(s);
    printf("s = %d\n",i);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int isin(int x, int y, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

    Returns 1 if point x,y is in the area x1,y1,x2,y2. Otherwise returns 0.
    Useful for seeing if the user clicked in an area, etc. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int x,y;
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    grafrect(1000,1000,2000,2000,15,0,1);
    saygraf(5000,5000,15,2,graffontsize,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,
                         "Click in rectangle to quit");
    do
      {
      select(x,y,1);
      }
      while (! isin(x,y,1000,1000,2000,2000));
    closegraph();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int dice(int i);

    Returns the roll of a I sided die. Ie: dice(6) returns the roll of a 6
    sided die, and dice(100) retruns the roll of a 100 sided die. You must
    call the standard routine randomize() once at program start to initialize
    the random number generator before you can call dice(). Example:

    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    randomize();
    printf("%d\n",dice(6));   /* prints random number 1 to 6 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void ulim(int *i, int j);

    Upper limits i to a value no greater than j. IE: if i>j, i=j. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    i=10;
    ulim(&i,5);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 5 */
    i=10;
    ulim(&i,20);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 10 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void normalize(int *i);

    Converts a degree value i to its equivalent value in the range 0 to 359
    degrees. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    i=35;
    normalize(&i);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 35 */
    i=-45;
    normalize(&i);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 315 */
    i=360;
    normalize(&i);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 0 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void llim(int *i, int j);

    Lower limits i to a value no less than j. IE: if i<j i=j. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    i=10;
    llim(&i,5);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 10 */
    i=10;
    llim(&i,20);
    printf("%d\n",i);   /* prints 20 */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void inittrigtables();

    Initializes the sinof[] and cosof[] lookup table arrays. Call once before
    using the sinof[] and cosof[] lookup table arrays. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    inittrigtables();
    for (i=0; i<360; i++)
    printf("i=%d  sin(i)=%f  cos(i)=%f\n",i,sinof[i],cosof[i]);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    long dist2d(long x1, long y1, long x2, long y2);

    Returns the 2 dimentional distance from point x1,y1 to point x2,y2.
    the points are in right cartesian coodinates. Example:

    #include <math2.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    long l;
    void main()
    {
    l=dist2d(1,1,20,20);
    printf("distance from 1,1 to 20,20 is %d\n",l);
    }

==============================================================================

Mouse.c:
    This library provides routines for using a Microsoft compatable mouse.
    Data structures and routines are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    extern int hasmouse;

    Global boolean. If hasmouse=1, then they have a mouse. If hasmouse=0 they
    don't. This variable is set by the resetmouse() routine. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    if (hasmouse) printf("mouse found\n");
    else printf("mouse not found\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void resetmouse();

    Resets the mouse. Call once at program start before using the mouse.
    Sets the hasmouse variable. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    if (hasmouse) printf("mouse found\n");
    else printf("mouse not found\n");
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    int mousebutton();

    Returns the current mouse button state. The values returned are:
    0=no buttons pressed.
    1=left button pressed.
    2=right button pressed.
    3=left and right buttons pressed.
    4=middle button pressed.
    5=middle and left buttons pressed.
    6=middle and right buttons pressed.
    7=all three buttons pressed.
    Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int i;
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    do
      {
      i=mousebutton();
      if (i==1) printf("left button pressed\n");
      }
      while (i != 2);
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void nobutton();

    Waits until no mouse buttons are being pressed. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    printf("press and hold left mouse button\n");
    do
      {
      }
      while (mousebutton() != 1);
    printf("release all mouse buttons\n");
    nobutton();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void showmouse();

    Makes the mouse cursor appear on the screen. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    showmouse();
    do
      {
      }
      while (! mousebutton());
    hidemouse();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void hidemouse();

    Makes the mouse cursor disappear. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    showmouse();
    do
      {
      }
      while (! mousebutton());
    hidemouse();
    nobutton();
    do
      {
      }
      while (! mousebutton());
    showmouse();
    nobutton();
    do
      {
      }
      while (! mousebutton());
    hidemouse();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getmouse(int *x,int *y,int *b);

    Gets the current state of the mouse. x,y is its position on screen in
    hardware video coordinates. B is the button state. Values for B are the
    same as in the mousebutton() routine. Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int x,y,b;
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    showmouse();
    do
      {
      getmouse(&x,&y,&b);
      }
      while (b==0);
    hidemouse();
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void putmouse(int x,int y);

    Moves the mouse to point x,y (video hardware coordinates). Example:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    int x,y,b;
    void main()
    {
    resetmouse();
    showmouse();                     /* show mouse */
    do                               /* wait for click */
      {
      getmouse(&x,&y,&b);
      }
      while (b==0);
    hidemouse();                    /* hide mouse */
    putmouse(0,0);         /* move mouse to upper left corner of screen */
    showmouse();                   /* show mouse */
    nobutton();                  /* wait for no mouse buttons */
    do                              /* wait for click */
      {
      getmouse(&x,&y,&b);
      }
      while (b==0);
    hidemouse();                      /* hide mouse */
    }

==============================================================================

Timer.c:
    This library provides routines for accurate timing delays. The routines
    run off the DOS system clock. This gives you delays that are the same
    on different PCs. These routines work well for timing screen updates to
    soundcard music. Routines are as follows:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void starttimer();

    Initializes the timer to zero. Call this routine to begin timing. Example:

    #include <timer.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i;
    long l;
    starttimer();
    for (i=0; i<1000; i++)
    {
    }
    l=elapsedtime();
    printf("%d\n",l);    /* print # of millisecs to run the loop */
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    long elapsedtime(void);

    Returns the elapsed time (in milliseconds) since starttimer() was called.
    Example:

    #include <timer.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i;
    long l;
    starttimer();
    for (i=0; i<1000; i++)
    {
    }
    l=elapsedtime();
    printf("%d\n",l);    /* print # of millisecs to run the loop */
    }

==============================================================================

Help.c:
    This library provides you with a help file viewer. The viewer runs in
    graphics, and has search and print capabilites. The viewer can display
    any ascii file. The help library contains one routine:

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void showhelp(char *s2);

    Shows an ascii file. S2 is the name of the file to show. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    void main()
    {
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    showhelp("c:\\autoexec.bat");
    closegraph();
    }

==============================================================================

Getfile.c:
    This library provides a file selection dialog box. The library consists
    of one routine getfile() which shows a dialog box and lets the user select
    a file.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    void getfile(char *promptstr, char *searchspec, char *returnstr,
          int forecolor,int forecolor2,int bakcolor,int doaclick);

    Shows a dialog box that lets the user select a file. Promptstr is the
    prompt to display (such as "Load file..."). Searchspec is the filespec
    used for showing files (such as "*.*" or "*.dat" etc). Returnstr is the
    string that the name of the selected file is returned in. Forecolor is
    the text color, forecolor2 is the text shadow color, and bakcolor is the
    box color. If doaclick=1, a click will be made when the user clicks on
    a selection. No click will be made if doclick=0. Returns the complete
    filename (drive, directory, filename, and extension). Saves and restores
    the screen behind the box. Returns "" if user cancels. User can change
    drives, directories, and the searchspec. User can select a file, enter
    a filename, or cancel. Shows alpabetized listings of files and subdirs.
    User can scroll and page through subdir and file lists. Sorts lists in
    memory for speed. Can handle up to 100 subdirs per directory, and 1000
    files per directory. Example:

    #include <graf.h>
    #include <graphics.h>
    #include <getfile.h>
    #include <edit.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <mouse.h>
    void main()
    {
    char s[100];
    vidmode=1;
    grafon();
    resetmouse();
    getfile("Select file to edit...","*.*",s,15,0,7,1);
    if (strcmp(s,"") !=0) editfile(s,15,0,7,1);
    closegraph();
    }

==============================================================================