HTML Examples/WP.iso/wordpress/wp-includes/taxonomy.php

PHP Script | 2017-10-24 | 145.9 KB | 4,311 lines

<?php
/**
 * Core Taxonomy API
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Taxonomy
 */

//
// Taxonomy Registration
//

/**
 * Creates the initial taxonomies.
 *
 * This function fires twice: in wp-settings.php before plugins are loaded (for
 * backward compatibility reasons), and again on the {@see 'init'} action. We must
 * avoid registering rewrite rules before the {@see 'init'} action.
 *
 * @since 2.8.0
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite The WordPress rewrite class.
 */
function create_initial_taxonomies() {
    global $wp_rewrite;

    if ( ! did_action( 'init' ) ) {
        $rewrite = array( 'category' => false, 'post_tag' => false, 'post_format' => false );
    } else {

        /**
         * Filters the post formats rewrite base.
         *
         * @since 3.1.0
         *
         * @param string $context Context of the rewrite base. Default 'type'.
         */
        $post_format_base = apply_filters( 'post_format_rewrite_base', 'type' );
        $rewrite = array(
            'category' => array(
                'hierarchical' => true,
                'slug' => get_option('category_base') ? get_option('category_base') : 'category',
                'with_front' => ! get_option('category_base') || $wp_rewrite->using_index_permalinks(),
                'ep_mask' => EP_CATEGORIES,
            ),
            'post_tag' => array(
                'hierarchical' => false,
                'slug' => get_option('tag_base') ? get_option('tag_base') : 'tag',
                'with_front' => ! get_option('tag_base') || $wp_rewrite->using_index_permalinks(),
                'ep_mask' => EP_TAGS,
            ),
            'post_format' => $post_format_base ? array( 'slug' => $post_format_base ) : false,
        );
    }

    register_taxonomy( 'category', 'post', array(
        'hierarchical' => true,
        'query_var' => 'category_name',
        'rewrite' => $rewrite['category'],
        'public' => true,
        'show_ui' => true,
        'show_admin_column' => true,
        '_builtin' => true,
        'capabilities' => array(
            'manage_terms' => 'manage_categories',
            'edit_terms'   => 'edit_categories',
            'delete_terms' => 'delete_categories',
            'assign_terms' => 'assign_categories',
        ),
        'show_in_rest' => true,
        'rest_base' => 'categories',
        'rest_controller_class' => 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller',
    ) );

    register_taxonomy( 'post_tag', 'post', array(
         'hierarchical' => false,
        'query_var' => 'tag',
        'rewrite' => $rewrite['post_tag'],
        'public' => true,
        'show_ui' => true,
        'show_admin_column' => true,
        '_builtin' => true,
        'capabilities' => array(
            'manage_terms' => 'manage_post_tags',
            'edit_terms'   => 'edit_post_tags',
            'delete_terms' => 'delete_post_tags',
            'assign_terms' => 'assign_post_tags',
        ),
        'show_in_rest' => true,
        'rest_base' => 'tags',
        'rest_controller_class' => 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller',
    ) );

    register_taxonomy( 'nav_menu', 'nav_menu_item', array(
        'public' => false,
        'hierarchical' => false,
        'labels' => array(
            'name' => __( 'Navigation Menus' ),
            'singular_name' => __( 'Navigation Menu' ),
        ),
        'query_var' => false,
        'rewrite' => false,
        'show_ui' => false,
        '_builtin' => true,
        'show_in_nav_menus' => false,
    ) );

    register_taxonomy( 'link_category', 'link', array(
        'hierarchical' => false,
        'labels' => array(
            'name' => __( 'Link Categories' ),
            'singular_name' => __( 'Link Category' ),
            'search_items' => __( 'Search Link Categories' ),
            'popular_items' => null,
            'all_items' => __( 'All Link Categories' ),
            'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Link Category' ),
            'update_item' => __( 'Update Link Category' ),
            'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Link Category' ),
            'new_item_name' => __( 'New Link Category Name' ),
            'separate_items_with_commas' => null,
            'add_or_remove_items' => null,
            'choose_from_most_used' => null,
            'back_to_items' => __( '← Back to Link Categories' ),
        ),
        'capabilities' => array(
            'manage_terms' => 'manage_links',
            'edit_terms'   => 'manage_links',
            'delete_terms' => 'manage_links',
            'assign_terms' => 'manage_links',
        ),
        'query_var' => false,
        'rewrite' => false,
        'public' => false,
        'show_ui' => true,
        '_builtin' => true,
    ) );

    register_taxonomy( 'post_format', 'post', array(
        'public' => true,
        'hierarchical' => false,
        'labels' => array(
            'name' => _x( 'Format', 'post format' ),
            'singular_name' => _x( 'Format', 'post format' ),
        ),
        'query_var' => true,
        'rewrite' => $rewrite['post_format'],
        'show_ui' => false,
        '_builtin' => true,
        'show_in_nav_menus' => current_theme_supports( 'post-formats' ),
    ) );
}

/**
 * Retrieves a list of registered taxonomy names or objects.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param array  $args     Optional. An array of `key => value` arguments to match against the taxonomy objects.
 *                         Default empty array.
 * @param string $output   Optional. The type of output to return in the array. Accepts either taxonomy 'names'
 *                         or 'objects'. Default 'names'.
 * @param string $operator Optional. The logical operation to perform. Accepts 'and' or 'or'. 'or' means only
 *                         one element from the array needs to match; 'and' means all elements must match.
 *                         Default 'and'.
 * @return array A list of taxonomy names or objects.
 */
function get_taxonomies( $args = array(), $output = 'names', $operator = 'and' ) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    $field = ('names' == $output) ? 'name' : false;

    return wp_filter_object_list($wp_taxonomies, $args, $operator, $field);
}

/**
 * Return the names or objects of the taxonomies which are registered for the requested object or object type, such as
 * a post object or post type name.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 *     $taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( 'post' );
 *
 * This results in:
 *
 *     Array( 'category', 'post_tag' )
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param array|string|WP_Post $object Name of the type of taxonomy object, or an object (row from posts)
 * @param string               $output Optional. The type of output to return in the array. Accepts either
 *                                     taxonomy 'names' or 'objects'. Default 'names'.
 * @return array The names of all taxonomy of $object_type.
 */
function get_object_taxonomies( $object, $output = 'names' ) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    if ( is_object($object) ) {
        if ( $object->post_type == 'attachment' )
            return get_attachment_taxonomies( $object, $output );
        $object = $object->post_type;
    }

    $object = (array) $object;

    $taxonomies = array();
    foreach ( (array) $wp_taxonomies as $tax_name => $tax_obj ) {
        if ( array_intersect($object, (array) $tax_obj->object_type) ) {
            if ( 'names' == $output )
                $taxonomies[] = $tax_name;
            else
                $taxonomies[ $tax_name ] = $tax_obj;
        }
    }

    return $taxonomies;
}

/**
 * Retrieves the taxonomy object of $taxonomy.
 *
 * The get_taxonomy function will first check that the parameter string given
 * is a taxonomy object and if it is, it will return it.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy object to return.
 * @return WP_Taxonomy|false The Taxonomy Object or false if $taxonomy doesn't exist.
 */
function get_taxonomy( $taxonomy ) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) )
        return false;

    return $wp_taxonomies[$taxonomy];
}

/**
 * Checks that the taxonomy name exists.
 *
 * Formerly is_taxonomy(), introduced in 2.3.0.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy object.
 * @return bool Whether the taxonomy exists.
 */
function taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    return isset( $wp_taxonomies[$taxonomy] );
}

/**
 * Whether the taxonomy object is hierarchical.
 *
 * Checks to make sure that the taxonomy is an object first. Then Gets the
 * object, and finally returns the hierarchical value in the object.
 *
 * A false return value might also mean that the taxonomy does not exist.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Name of taxonomy object.
 * @return bool Whether the taxonomy is hierarchical.
 */
function is_taxonomy_hierarchical($taxonomy) {
    if ( ! taxonomy_exists($taxonomy) )
        return false;

    $taxonomy = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
    return $taxonomy->hierarchical;
}

/**
 * Creates or modifies a taxonomy object.
 *
 * Note: Do not use before the {@see 'init'} hook.
 *
 * A simple function for creating or modifying a taxonomy object based on
 * the parameters given. If modifying an existing taxonomy object, note
 * that the `$object_type` value from the original registration will be
 * overwritten.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Introduced `show_in_quick_edit` argument.
 * @since 4.4.0 The `show_ui` argument is now enforced on the term editing screen.
 * @since 4.4.0 The `public` argument now controls whether the taxonomy can be queried on the front end.
 * @since 4.5.0 Introduced `publicly_queryable` argument.
 * @since 4.7.0 Introduced `show_in_rest`, 'rest_base' and 'rest_controller_class'
 *              arguments to register the Taxonomy in REST API.
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies Registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string       $taxonomy    Taxonomy key, must not exceed 32 characters.
 * @param array|string $object_type Object type or array of object types with which the taxonomy should be associated.
 * @param array|string $args        {
 *     Optional. Array or query string of arguments for registering a taxonomy.
 *
 *     @type array         $labels                An array of labels for this taxonomy. By default, Tag labels are
 *                                                used for non-hierarchical taxonomies, and Category labels are used
 *                                                for hierarchical taxonomies. See accepted values in
 *                                                get_taxonomy_labels(). Default empty array.
 *     @type string        $description           A short descriptive summary of what the taxonomy is for. Default empty.
 *     @type bool          $public                Whether a taxonomy is intended for use publicly either via
 *                                                the admin interface or by front-end users. The default settings
 *                                                of `$publicly_queryable`, `$show_ui`, and `$show_in_nav_menus`
 *                                                are inherited from `$public`.
 *     @type bool          $publicly_queryable    Whether the taxonomy is publicly queryable.
 *                                                If not set, the default is inherited from `$public`
 *     @type bool          $hierarchical          Whether the taxonomy is hierarchical. Default false.
 *     @type bool          $show_ui               Whether to generate and allow a UI for managing terms in this taxonomy in
 *                                                the admin. If not set, the default is inherited from `$public`
 *                                                (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_menu          Whether to show the taxonomy in the admin menu. If true, the taxonomy is
 *                                                shown as a submenu of the object type menu. If false, no menu is shown.
 *                                                `$show_ui` must be true. If not set, default is inherited from `$show_ui`
 *                                                (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_nav_menus     Makes this taxonomy available for selection in navigation menus. If not
 *                                                set, the default is inherited from `$public` (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_rest          Whether to include the taxonomy in the REST API.
 *     @type string        $rest_base             To change the base url of REST API route. Default is $taxonomy.
 *     @type string        $rest_controller_class REST API Controller class name. Default is 'WP_REST_Terms_Controller'.
 *     @type bool          $show_tagcloud         Whether to list the taxonomy in the Tag Cloud Widget controls. If not set,
 *                                                the default is inherited from `$show_ui` (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_in_quick_edit    Whether to show the taxonomy in the quick/bulk edit panel. It not set,
 *                                                the default is inherited from `$show_ui` (default true).
 *     @type bool          $show_admin_column     Whether to display a column for the taxonomy on its post type listing
 *                                                screens. Default false.
 *     @type bool|callable $meta_box_cb           Provide a callback function for the meta box display. If not set,
 *                                                post_categories_meta_box() is used for hierarchical taxonomies, and
 *                                                post_tags_meta_box() is used for non-hierarchical. If false, no meta
 *                                                box is shown.
 *     @type array         $capabilities {
 *         Array of capabilities for this taxonomy.
 *
 *         @type string $manage_terms Default 'manage_categories'.
 *         @type string $edit_terms   Default 'manage_categories'.
 *         @type string $delete_terms Default 'manage_categories'.
 *         @type string $assign_terms Default 'edit_posts'.
 *     }
 *     @type bool|array    $rewrite {
 *         Triggers the handling of rewrites for this taxonomy. Default true, using $taxonomy as slug. To prevent
 *         rewrite, set to false. To specify rewrite rules, an array can be passed with any of these keys:
 *
 *         @type string $slug         Customize the permastruct slug. Default `$taxonomy` key.
 *         @type bool   $with_front   Should the permastruct be prepended with WP_Rewrite::$front. Default true.
 *         @type bool   $hierarchical Either hierarchical rewrite tag or not. Default false.
 *         @type int    $ep_mask      Assign an endpoint mask. Default `EP_NONE`.
 *     }
 *     @type string        $query_var             Sets the query var key for this taxonomy. Default `$taxonomy` key. If
 *                                                false, a taxonomy cannot be loaded at `?{query_var}={term_slug}`. If a
 *                                                string, the query `?{query_var}={term_slug}` will be valid.
 *     @type callable      $update_count_callback Works much like a hook, in that it will be called when the count is
 *                                                updated. Default _update_post_term_count() for taxonomies attached
 *                                                to post types, which confirms that the objects are published before
 *                                                counting them. Default _update_generic_term_count() for taxonomies
 *                                                attached to other object types, such as users.
 *     @type bool          $_builtin              This taxonomy is a "built-in" taxonomy. INTERNAL USE ONLY!
 *                                                Default false.
 * }
 * @return WP_Error|void WP_Error, if errors.
 */
function register_taxonomy( $taxonomy, $object_type, $args = array() ) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    if ( ! is_array( $wp_taxonomies ) )
        $wp_taxonomies = array();

    $args = wp_parse_args( $args );

    if ( empty( $taxonomy ) || strlen( $taxonomy ) > 32 ) {
        _doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, __( 'Taxonomy names must be between 1 and 32 characters in length.' ), '4.2.0' );
        return new WP_Error( 'taxonomy_length_invalid', __( 'Taxonomy names must be between 1 and 32 characters in length.' ) );
    }

    $taxonomy_object = new WP_Taxonomy( $taxonomy, $object_type, $args );
    $taxonomy_object->add_rewrite_rules();

    $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] = $taxonomy_object;

    $taxonomy_object->add_hooks();


    /**
     * Fires after a taxonomy is registered.
     *
     * @since 3.3.0
     *
     * @param string       $taxonomy    Taxonomy slug.
     * @param array|string $object_type Object type or array of object types.
     * @param array        $args        Array of taxonomy registration arguments.
     */
    do_action( 'registered_taxonomy', $taxonomy, $object_type, (array) $taxonomy_object );
}

/**
 * Unregisters a taxonomy.
 *
 * Can not be used to unregister built-in taxonomies.
 *
 * @since 4.5.0
 *
 * @global WP    $wp            Current WordPress environment instance.
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies List of taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure or if the taxonomy doesn't exist.
 */
function unregister_taxonomy( $taxonomy ) {
    if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    $taxonomy_object = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );

    // Do not allow unregistering internal taxonomies.
    if ( $taxonomy_object->_builtin ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Unregistering a built-in taxonomy is not allowed.' ) );
    }

    global $wp_taxonomies;

    $taxonomy_object->remove_rewrite_rules();
    $taxonomy_object->remove_hooks();

    // Remove the taxonomy.
    unset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] );

    /**
     * Fires after a taxonomy is unregistered.
     *
     * @since 4.5.0
     *
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
     */
    do_action( 'unregistered_taxonomy', $taxonomy );

    return true;
}

/**
 * Builds an object with all taxonomy labels out of a taxonomy object.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 * @since 4.3.0 Added the `no_terms` label.
 * @since 4.4.0 Added the `items_list_navigation` and `items_list` labels.
 * @since 4.9.0 Added the `most_used` and `back_to_items` labels.
 *
 * @param WP_Taxonomy $tax Taxonomy object.
 * @return object {
 *     Taxonomy labels object. The first default value is for non-hierarchical taxonomies
 *     (like tags) and the second one is for hierarchical taxonomies (like categories).
 *
 *     @type string $name                       General name for the taxonomy, usually plural. The same
 *                                              as and overridden by `$tax->label`. Default 'Tags'/'Categories'.
 *     @type string $singular_name              Name for one object of this taxonomy. Default 'Tag'/'Category'.
 *     @type string $search_items               Default 'Search Tags'/'Search Categories'.
 *     @type string $popular_items              This label is only used for non-hierarchical taxonomies.
 *                                              Default 'Popular Tags'.
 *     @type string $all_items                  Default 'All Tags'/'All Categories'.
 *     @type string $parent_item                This label is only used for hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Parent Category'.
 *     @type string $parent_item_colon          The same as `parent_item`, but with colon `:` in the end.
 *     @type string $edit_item                  Default 'Edit Tag'/'Edit Category'.
 *     @type string $view_item                  Default 'View Tag'/'View Category'.
 *     @type string $update_item                Default 'Update Tag'/'Update Category'.
 *     @type string $add_new_item               Default 'Add New Tag'/'Add New Category'.
 *     @type string $new_item_name              Default 'New Tag Name'/'New Category Name'.
 *     @type string $separate_items_with_commas This label is only used for non-hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Separate tags with commas', used in the meta box.
 *     @type string $add_or_remove_items        This label is only used for non-hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Add or remove tags', used in the meta box when JavaScript
 *                                              is disabled.
 *     @type string $choose_from_most_used      This label is only used on non-hierarchical taxonomies. Default
 *                                              'Choose from the most used tags', used in the meta box.
 *     @type string $not_found                  Default 'No tags found'/'No categories found', used in
 *                                              the meta box and taxonomy list table.
 *     @type string $no_terms                   Default 'No tags'/'No categories', used in the posts and media
 *                                              list tables.
 *     @type string $items_list_navigation      Label for the table pagination hidden heading.
 *     @type string $items_list                 Label for the table hidden heading.
 *     @type string $most_used                  Title for the Most Used tab. Default 'Most Used'.
 *     @type string $back_to_items              Label displayed after a term has been updated.
 * }
 */
function get_taxonomy_labels( $tax ) {
    $tax->labels = (array) $tax->labels;

    if ( isset( $tax->helps ) && empty( $tax->labels['separate_items_with_commas'] ) )
        $tax->labels['separate_items_with_commas'] = $tax->helps;

    if ( isset( $tax->no_tagcloud ) && empty( $tax->labels['not_found'] ) )
        $tax->labels['not_found'] = $tax->no_tagcloud;

    $nohier_vs_hier_defaults = array(
        'name' => array( _x( 'Tags', 'taxonomy general name' ), _x( 'Categories', 'taxonomy general name' ) ),
        'singular_name' => array( _x( 'Tag', 'taxonomy singular name' ), _x( 'Category', 'taxonomy singular name' ) ),
        'search_items' => array( __( 'Search Tags' ), __( 'Search Categories' ) ),
        'popular_items' => array( __( 'Popular Tags' ), null ),
        'all_items' => array( __( 'All Tags' ), __( 'All Categories' ) ),
        'parent_item' => array( null, __( 'Parent Category' ) ),
        'parent_item_colon' => array( null, __( 'Parent Category:' ) ),
        'edit_item' => array( __( 'Edit Tag' ), __( 'Edit Category' ) ),
        'view_item' => array( __( 'View Tag' ), __( 'View Category' ) ),
        'update_item' => array( __( 'Update Tag' ), __( 'Update Category' ) ),
        'add_new_item' => array( __( 'Add New Tag' ), __( 'Add New Category' ) ),
        'new_item_name' => array( __( 'New Tag Name' ), __( 'New Category Name' ) ),
        'separate_items_with_commas' => array( __( 'Separate tags with commas' ), null ),
        'add_or_remove_items' => array( __( 'Add or remove tags' ), null ),
        'choose_from_most_used' => array( __( 'Choose from the most used tags' ), null ),
        'not_found' => array( __( 'No tags found.' ), __( 'No categories found.' ) ),
        'no_terms' => array( __( 'No tags' ), __( 'No categories' ) ),
        'items_list_navigation' => array( __( 'Tags list navigation' ), __( 'Categories list navigation' ) ),
        'items_list' => array( __( 'Tags list' ), __( 'Categories list' ) ),
        /* translators: Tab heading when selecting from the most used terms */
        'most_used' => array( _x( 'Most Used', 'tags' ), _x( 'Most Used', 'categories' ) ),
        'back_to_items' => array( __( '← Back to Tags' ), __( '← Back to Categories' ) ),
    );
    $nohier_vs_hier_defaults['menu_name'] = $nohier_vs_hier_defaults['name'];

    $labels = _get_custom_object_labels( $tax, $nohier_vs_hier_defaults );

    $taxonomy = $tax->name;

    $default_labels = clone $labels;

    /**
     * Filters the labels of a specific taxonomy.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
     *
     * @since 4.4.0
     *
     * @see get_taxonomy_labels() for the full list of taxonomy labels.
     *
     * @param object $labels Object with labels for the taxonomy as member variables.
     */
    $labels = apply_filters( "taxonomy_labels_{$taxonomy}", $labels );

    // Ensure that the filtered labels contain all required default values.
    $labels = (object) array_merge( (array) $default_labels, (array) $labels );

    return $labels;
}

/**
 * Add an already registered taxonomy to an object type.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy    Name of taxonomy object.
 * @param string $object_type Name of the object type.
 * @return bool True if successful, false if not.
 */
function register_taxonomy_for_object_type( $taxonomy, $object_type) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    if ( !isset($wp_taxonomies[$taxonomy]) )
        return false;

    if ( ! get_post_type_object($object_type) )
        return false;

    if ( ! in_array( $object_type, $wp_taxonomies[$taxonomy]->object_type ) )
        $wp_taxonomies[$taxonomy]->object_type[] = $object_type;

    // Filter out empties.
    $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]->object_type = array_filter( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]->object_type );

    return true;
}

/**
 * Remove an already registered taxonomy from an object type.
 *
 * @since 3.7.0
 *
 * @global array $wp_taxonomies The registered taxonomies.
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy    Name of taxonomy object.
 * @param string $object_type Name of the object type.
 * @return bool True if successful, false if not.
 */
function unregister_taxonomy_for_object_type( $taxonomy, $object_type ) {
    global $wp_taxonomies;

    if ( ! isset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ] ) )
        return false;

    if ( ! get_post_type_object( $object_type ) )
        return false;

    $key = array_search( $object_type, $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]->object_type, true );
    if ( false === $key )
        return false;

    unset( $wp_taxonomies[ $taxonomy ]->object_type[ $key ] );
    return true;
}

//
// Term API
//

/**
 * Retrieve object_ids of valid taxonomy and term.
 *
 * The strings of $taxonomies must exist before this function will continue. On
 * failure of finding a valid taxonomy, it will return an WP_Error class, kind
 * of like Exceptions in PHP 5, except you can't catch them. Even so, you can
 * still test for the WP_Error class and get the error message.
 *
 * The $terms aren't checked the same as $taxonomies, but still need to exist
 * for $object_ids to be returned.
 *
 * It is possible to change the order that object_ids is returned by either
 * using PHP sort family functions or using the database by using $args with
 * either ASC or DESC array. The value should be in the key named 'order'.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|array    $term_ids   Term id or array of term ids of terms that will be used.
 * @param string|array $taxonomies String of taxonomy name or Array of string values of taxonomy names.
 * @param array|string $args       Change the order of the object_ids, either ASC or DESC.
 * @return WP_Error|array If the taxonomy does not exist, then WP_Error will be returned. On success.
 *    the array can be empty meaning that there are no $object_ids found or it will return the $object_ids found.
 */
function get_objects_in_term( $term_ids, $taxonomies, $args = array() ) {
    global $wpdb;

    if ( ! is_array( $term_ids ) ) {
        $term_ids = array( $term_ids );
    }
    if ( ! is_array( $taxonomies ) ) {
        $taxonomies = array( $taxonomies );
    }
    foreach ( (array) $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
        if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
            return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
        }
    }

    $defaults = array( 'order' => 'ASC' );
    $args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

    $order = ( 'desc' == strtolower( $args['order'] ) ) ? 'DESC' : 'ASC';

    $term_ids = array_map('intval', $term_ids );

    $taxonomies = "'" . implode( "', '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $taxonomies ) ) . "'";
    $term_ids = "'" . implode( "', '", $term_ids ) . "'";

    $sql = "SELECT tr.object_id FROM $wpdb->term_relationships AS tr INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON tr.term_taxonomy_id = tt.term_taxonomy_id WHERE tt.taxonomy IN ($taxonomies) AND tt.term_id IN ($term_ids) ORDER BY tr.object_id $order";

    $last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'terms' );
    $cache_key = 'get_objects_in_term:' . md5( $sql ) . ":$last_changed";
    $cache = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'terms' );
    if ( false === $cache ) {
        $object_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $sql );
        wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $object_ids, 'terms' );
    } else {
        $object_ids = (array) $cache;
    }

    if ( ! $object_ids ){
        return array();
    }
    return $object_ids;
}

/**
 * Given a taxonomy query, generates SQL to be appended to a main query.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @see WP_Tax_Query
 *
 * @param array  $tax_query         A compact tax query
 * @param string $primary_table
 * @param string $primary_id_column
 * @return array
 */
function get_tax_sql( $tax_query, $primary_table, $primary_id_column ) {
    $tax_query_obj = new WP_Tax_Query( $tax_query );
    return $tax_query_obj->get_sql( $primary_table, $primary_id_column );
}

/**
 * Get all Term data from database by Term ID.
 *
 * The usage of the get_term function is to apply filters to a term object. It
 * is possible to get a term object from the database before applying the
 * filters.
 *
 * $term ID must be part of $taxonomy, to get from the database. Failure, might
 * be able to be captured by the hooks. Failure would be the same value as $wpdb
 * returns for the get_row method.
 *
 * There are two hooks, one is specifically for each term, named 'get_term', and
 * the second is for the taxonomy name, 'term_$taxonomy'. Both hooks gets the
 * term object, and the taxonomy name as parameters. Both hooks are expected to
 * return a Term object.
 *
 * {@see 'get_term'} hook - Takes two parameters the term Object and the taxonomy name.
 * Must return term object. Used in get_term() as a catch-all filter for every
 * $term.
 *
 * {@see 'get_$taxonomy'} hook - Takes two parameters the term Object and the taxonomy
 * name. Must return term object. $taxonomy will be the taxonomy name, so for
 * example, if 'category', it would be 'get_category' as the filter name. Useful
 * for custom taxonomies or plugging into default taxonomies.
 *
 * @todo Better formatting for DocBlock
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.4.0 Converted to return a WP_Term object if `$output` is `OBJECT`.
 *              The `$taxonomy` parameter was made optional.
 *
 * @see sanitize_term_field() The $context param lists the available values for get_term_by() $filter param.
 *
 * @param int|WP_Term|object $term If integer, term data will be fetched from the database, or from the cache if
 *                                 available. If stdClass object (as in the results of a database query), will apply
 *                                 filters and return a `WP_Term` object corresponding to the `$term` data. If `WP_Term`,
 *                                 will return `$term`.
 * @param string     $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy name that $term is part of.
 * @param string     $output   Optional. The required return type. One of OBJECT, ARRAY_A, or ARRAY_N, which correspond to
 *                             a WP_Term object, an associative array, or a numeric array, respectively. Default OBJECT.
 * @param string     $filter   Optional, default is raw or no WordPress defined filter will applied.
 * @return array|WP_Term|WP_Error|null Object of the type specified by `$output` on success. When `$output` is 'OBJECT',
 *                                     a WP_Term instance is returned. If taxonomy does not exist, a WP_Error is
 *                                     returned. Returns null for miscellaneous failure.
 */
function get_term( $term, $taxonomy = '', $output = OBJECT, $filter = 'raw' ) {
    if ( empty( $term ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );
    }

    if ( $taxonomy && ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    if ( $term instanceof WP_Term ) {
        $_term = $term;
    } elseif ( is_object( $term ) ) {
        if ( empty( $term->filter ) || 'raw' === $term->filter ) {
            $_term = sanitize_term( $term, $taxonomy, 'raw' );
            $_term = new WP_Term( $_term );
        } else {
            $_term = WP_Term::get_instance( $term->term_id );
        }
    } else {
        $_term = WP_Term::get_instance( $term, $taxonomy );
    }

    if ( is_wp_error( $_term ) ) {
        return $_term;
    } elseif ( ! $_term ) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Filters a term.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     * @since 4.4.0 `$_term` can now also be a WP_Term object.
     *
     * @param int|WP_Term $_term    Term object or ID.
     * @param string      $taxonomy The taxonomy slug.
     */
    $_term = apply_filters( 'get_term', $_term, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Filters a taxonomy.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the filter name, `$taxonomy`, refers
     * to the taxonomy slug.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     * @since 4.4.0 `$_term` can now also be a WP_Term object.
     *
     * @param int|WP_Term $_term    Term object or ID.
     * @param string      $taxonomy The taxonomy slug.
     */
    $_term = apply_filters( "get_{$taxonomy}", $_term, $taxonomy );

    // Bail if a filter callback has changed the type of the `$_term` object.
    if ( ! ( $_term instanceof WP_Term ) ) {
        return $_term;
    }

    // Sanitize term, according to the specified filter.
    $_term->filter( $filter );

    if ( $output == ARRAY_A ) {
        return $_term->to_array();
    } elseif ( $output == ARRAY_N ) {
        return array_values( $_term->to_array() );
    }

    return $_term;
}

/**
 * Get all Term data from database by Term field and data.
 *
 * Warning: $value is not escaped for 'name' $field. You must do it yourself, if
 * required.
 *
 * The default $field is 'id', therefore it is possible to also use null for
 * field, but not recommended that you do so.
 *
 * If $value does not exist, the return value will be false. If $taxonomy exists
 * and $field and $value combinations exist, the Term will be returned.
 *
 * This function will always return the first term that matches the `$field`-
 * `$value`-`$taxonomy` combination specified in the parameters. If your query
 * is likely to match more than one term (as is likely to be the case when
 * `$field` is 'name', for example), consider using get_terms() instead; that
 * way, you will get all matching terms, and can provide your own logic for
 * deciding which one was intended.
 *
 * @todo Better formatting for DocBlock.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.4.0 `$taxonomy` is optional if `$field` is 'term_taxonomy_id'. Converted to return
 *              a WP_Term object if `$output` is `OBJECT`.
 *
 * @see sanitize_term_field() The $context param lists the available values for get_term_by() $filter param.
 *
 * @param string     $field    Either 'slug', 'name', 'id' (term_id), or 'term_taxonomy_id'
 * @param string|int $value    Search for this term value
 * @param string     $taxonomy Taxonomy name. Optional, if `$field` is 'term_taxonomy_id'.
 * @param string     $output   Optional. The required return type. One of OBJECT, ARRAY_A, or ARRAY_N, which correspond to
 *                             a WP_Term object, an associative array, or a numeric array, respectively. Default OBJECT.
 * @param string     $filter   Optional, default is raw or no WordPress defined filter will applied.
 * @return WP_Term|array|false WP_Term instance (or array) on success. Will return false if `$taxonomy` does not exist
 *                             or `$term` was not found.
 */
function get_term_by( $field, $value, $taxonomy = '', $output = OBJECT, $filter = 'raw' ) {

    // 'term_taxonomy_id' lookups don't require taxonomy checks.
    if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' !== $field && ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    // No need to perform a query for empty 'slug' or 'name'.
    if ( 'slug' === $field || 'name' === $field ) {
        $value = (string) $value;

        if ( 0 === strlen( $value ) ) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    if ( 'id' === $field || 'term_id' === $field ) {
        $term = get_term( (int) $value, $taxonomy, $output, $filter );
        if ( is_wp_error( $term ) || null === $term ) {
            $term = false;
        }
        return $term;
    }

    $args = array(
        'get'                    => 'all',
        'number'                 => 1,
        'taxonomy'               => $taxonomy,
        'update_term_meta_cache' => false,
        'orderby'                => 'none',
        'suppress_filter'        => true,
    );

    switch ( $field ) {
        case 'slug' :
            $args['slug'] = $value;
            break;
        case 'name' :
            $args['name'] = $value;
            break;
        case 'term_taxonomy_id' :
            $args['term_taxonomy_id'] = $value;
            unset( $args[ 'taxonomy' ] );
            break;
        default :
            return false;
    }

    $terms = get_terms( $args );
    if ( is_wp_error( $terms ) || empty( $terms ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    $term = array_shift( $terms );

    // In the case of 'term_taxonomy_id', override the provided `$taxonomy` with whatever we find in the db.
    if ( 'term_taxonomy_id' === $field ) {
        $taxonomy = $term->taxonomy;
    }

    return get_term( $term, $taxonomy, $output, $filter );
}

/**
 * Merge all term children into a single array of their IDs.
 *
 * This recursive function will merge all of the children of $term into the same
 * array of term IDs. Only useful for taxonomies which are hierarchical.
 *
 * Will return an empty array if $term does not exist in $taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id  ID of Term to get children.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy Name.
 * @return array|WP_Error List of Term IDs. WP_Error returned if `$taxonomy` does not exist.
 */
function get_term_children( $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
    if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    $term_id = intval( $term_id );

    $terms = _get_term_hierarchy($taxonomy);

    if ( ! isset($terms[$term_id]) )
        return array();

    $children = $terms[$term_id];

    foreach ( (array) $terms[$term_id] as $child ) {
        if ( $term_id == $child ) {
            continue;
        }

        if ( isset($terms[$child]) )
            $children = array_merge($children, get_term_children($child, $taxonomy));
    }

    return $children;
}

/**
 * Get sanitized Term field.
 *
 * The function is for contextual reasons and for simplicity of usage.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.4.0 The `$taxonomy` parameter was made optional. `$term` can also now accept a WP_Term object.
 *
 * @see sanitize_term_field()
 *
 * @param string      $field    Term field to fetch.
 * @param int|WP_Term $term     Term ID or object.
 * @param string      $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy Name. Default empty.
 * @param string      $context  Optional, default is display. Look at sanitize_term_field() for available options.
 * @return string|int|null|WP_Error Will return an empty string if $term is not an object or if $field is not set in $term.
 */
function get_term_field( $field, $term, $taxonomy = '', $context = 'display' ) {
    $term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
    if ( is_wp_error($term) )
        return $term;

    if ( !is_object($term) )
        return '';

    if ( !isset($term->$field) )
        return '';

    return sanitize_term_field( $field, $term->$field, $term->term_id, $term->taxonomy, $context );
}

/**
 * Sanitizes Term for editing.
 *
 * Return value is sanitize_term() and usage is for sanitizing the term for
 * editing. Function is for contextual and simplicity.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int|object $id       Term ID or object.
 * @param string     $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return string|int|null|WP_Error Will return empty string if $term is not an object.
 */
function get_term_to_edit( $id, $taxonomy ) {
    $term = get_term( $id, $taxonomy );

    if ( is_wp_error($term) )
        return $term;

    if ( !is_object($term) )
        return '';

    return sanitize_term($term, $taxonomy, 'edit');
}

/**
 * Retrieve the terms in a given taxonomy or list of taxonomies.
 *
 * You can fully inject any customizations to the query before it is sent, as
 * well as control the output with a filter.
 *
 * The {@see 'get_terms'} filter will be called when the cache has the term and will
 * pass the found term along with the array of $taxonomies and array of $args.
 * This filter is also called before the array of terms is passed and will pass
 * the array of terms, along with the $taxonomies and $args.
 *
 * The {@see 'list_terms_exclusions'} filter passes the compiled exclusions along with
 * the $args.
 *
 * The {@see 'get_terms_orderby'} filter passes the `ORDER BY` clause for the query
 * along with the $args array.
 *
 * Prior to 4.5.0, the first parameter of `get_terms()` was a taxonomy or list of taxonomies:
 *
 *     $terms = get_terms( 'post_tag', array(
 *         'hide_empty' => false,
 *     ) );
 *
 * Since 4.5.0, taxonomies should be passed via the 'taxonomy' argument in the `$args` array:
 *
 *     $terms = get_terms( array(
 *         'taxonomy' => 'post_tag',
 *         'hide_empty' => false,
 *     ) );
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Introduced 'name' and 'childless' parameters.
 * @since 4.4.0 Introduced the ability to pass 'term_id' as an alias of 'id' for the `orderby` parameter.
 *              Introduced the 'meta_query' and 'update_term_meta_cache' parameters. Converted to return
 *              a list of WP_Term objects.
 * @since 4.5.0 Changed the function signature so that the `$args` array can be provided as the first parameter.
 *              Introduced 'meta_key' and 'meta_value' parameters. Introduced the ability to order results by metadata.
 * @since 4.8.0 Introduced 'suppress_filter' parameter.
 *
 * @internal The `$deprecated` parameter is parsed for backward compatibility only.
 *
 * @param string|array $args       Optional. Array or string of arguments. See WP_Term_Query::__construct()
 *                                 for information on accepted arguments. Default empty.
 * @param array        $deprecated Argument array, when using the legacy function parameter format. If present, this
 *                                 parameter will be interpreted as `$args`, and the first function parameter will
 *                                 be parsed as a taxonomy or array of taxonomies.
 * @return array|int|WP_Error List of WP_Term instances and their children. Will return WP_Error, if any of $taxonomies
 *                            do not exist.
 */
function get_terms( $args = array(), $deprecated = '' ) {
    $term_query = new WP_Term_Query();

    $defaults = array(
        'suppress_filter' => false,
    );

    /*
     * Legacy argument format ($taxonomy, $args) takes precedence.
     *
     * We detect legacy argument format by checking if
     * (a) a second non-empty parameter is passed, or
     * (b) the first parameter shares no keys with the default array (ie, it's a list of taxonomies)
     */
    $_args = wp_parse_args( $args );
    $key_intersect  = array_intersect_key( $term_query->query_var_defaults, (array) $_args );
    $do_legacy_args = $deprecated || empty( $key_intersect );

    if ( $do_legacy_args ) {
        $taxonomies = (array) $args;
        $args = wp_parse_args( $deprecated, $defaults );
        $args['taxonomy'] = $taxonomies;
    } else {
        $args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
        if ( isset( $args['taxonomy'] ) && null !== $args['taxonomy'] ) {
            $args['taxonomy'] = (array) $args['taxonomy'];
        }
    }

    if ( ! empty( $args['taxonomy'] ) ) {
        foreach ( $args['taxonomy'] as $taxonomy ) {
            if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
                return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
            }
        }
    }

    // Don't pass suppress_filter to WP_Term_Query.
    $suppress_filter = $args['suppress_filter'];
    unset( $args['suppress_filter'] );

    $terms = $term_query->query( $args );

    // Count queries are not filtered, for legacy reasons.
    if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
        return $terms;
    }

    if ( $suppress_filter ) {
        return $terms;
    }

    /**
     * Filters the found terms.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     * @since 4.6.0 Added the `$term_query` parameter.
     *
     * @param array         $terms      Array of found terms.
     * @param array         $taxonomies An array of taxonomies.
     * @param array         $args       An array of get_terms() arguments.
     * @param WP_Term_Query $term_query The WP_Term_Query object.
     */
    return apply_filters( 'get_terms', $terms, $term_query->query_vars['taxonomy'], $term_query->query_vars, $term_query );
}

/**
 * Adds metadata to a term.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id    Term ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata name.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Metadata value.
 * @param bool   $unique     Optional. Whether to bail if an entry with the same key is found for the term.
 *                           Default false.
 * @return int|WP_Error|bool Meta ID on success. WP_Error when term_id is ambiguous between taxonomies.
 *                           False on failure.
 */
function add_term_meta( $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false ) {
    // Bail if term meta table is not installed.
    if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) < 34370 ) {
        return false;
    }

    if ( wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'ambiguous_term_id', __( 'Term meta cannot be added to terms that are shared between taxonomies.'), $term_id );
    }

    $added = add_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique );

    // Bust term query cache.
    if ( $added ) {
        wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
    }

    return $added;
}

/**
 * Removes metadata matching criteria from a term.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id    Term ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata name.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Optional. Metadata value. If provided, rows will only be removed that match the value.
 * @return bool True on success, false on failure.
 */
function delete_term_meta( $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value = '' ) {
    // Bail if term meta table is not installed.
    if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) < 34370 ) {
        return false;
    }

    $deleted = delete_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value );

    // Bust term query cache.
    if ( $deleted ) {
        wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
    }

    return $deleted;
}

/**
 * Retrieves metadata for a term.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id Term ID.
 * @param string $key     Optional. The meta key to retrieve. If no key is provided, fetches all metadata for the term.
 * @param bool   $single  Whether to return a single value. If false, an array of all values matching the
 *                        `$term_id`/`$key` pair will be returned. Default: false.
 * @return mixed If `$single` is false, an array of metadata values. If `$single` is true, a single metadata value.
 */
function get_term_meta( $term_id, $key = '', $single = false ) {
    // Bail if term meta table is not installed.
    if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) < 34370 ) {
        return false;
    }

    return get_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $key, $single );
}

/**
 * Updates term metadata.
 *
 * Use the `$prev_value` parameter to differentiate between meta fields with the same key and term ID.
 *
 * If the meta field for the term does not exist, it will be added.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id    Term ID.
 * @param string $meta_key   Metadata key.
 * @param mixed  $meta_value Metadata value.
 * @param mixed  $prev_value Optional. Previous value to check before removing.
 * @return int|WP_Error|bool Meta ID if the key didn't previously exist. True on successful update.
 *                           WP_Error when term_id is ambiguous between taxonomies. False on failure.
 */
function update_term_meta( $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value = '' ) {
    // Bail if term meta table is not installed.
    if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) < 34370 ) {
        return false;
    }

    if ( wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'ambiguous_term_id', __( 'Term meta cannot be added to terms that are shared between taxonomies.'), $term_id );
    }

    $updated = update_metadata( 'term', $term_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value );

    // Bust term query cache.
    if ( $updated ) {
        wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
    }

    return $updated;
}

/**
 * Updates metadata cache for list of term IDs.
 *
 * Performs SQL query to retrieve all metadata for the terms matching `$term_ids` and stores them in the cache.
 * Subsequent calls to `get_term_meta()` will not need to query the database.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param array $term_ids List of term IDs.
 * @return array|false Returns false if there is nothing to update. Returns an array of metadata on success.
 */
function update_termmeta_cache( $term_ids ) {
    // Bail if term meta table is not installed.
    if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) < 34370 ) {
        return;
    }

    return update_meta_cache( 'term', $term_ids );
}

/**
 * Get all meta data, including meta IDs, for the given term ID.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
 * @return array|false Array with meta data, or false when the meta table is not installed.
 */
function has_term_meta( $term_id ) {
    // Bail if term meta table is not installed.
    if ( get_option( 'db_version' ) < 34370 ) {
        return false;
    }

    global $wpdb;

    return $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT meta_key, meta_value, meta_id, term_id FROM $wpdb->termmeta WHERE term_id = %d ORDER BY meta_key,meta_id", $term_id ), ARRAY_A );
}

/**
 * Check if Term exists.
 *
 * Formerly is_term(), introduced in 2.3.0.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|string $term     The term to check. Accepts term ID, slug, or name.
 * @param string     $taxonomy The taxonomy name to use
 * @param int        $parent   Optional. ID of parent term under which to confine the exists search.
 * @return mixed Returns null if the term does not exist. Returns the term ID
 *               if no taxonomy is specified and the term ID exists. Returns
 *               an array of the term ID and the term taxonomy ID the taxonomy
 *               is specified and the pairing exists.
 */
function term_exists( $term, $taxonomy = '', $parent = null ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $select = "SELECT term_id FROM $wpdb->terms as t WHERE ";
    $tax_select = "SELECT tt.term_id, tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy as tt ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE ";

    if ( is_int($term) ) {
        if ( 0 == $term )
            return 0;
        $where = 't.term_id = %d';
        if ( !empty($taxonomy) )
            return $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( $tax_select . $where . " AND tt.taxonomy = %s", $term, $taxonomy ), ARRAY_A );
        else
            return $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( $select . $where, $term ) );
    }

    $term = trim( wp_unslash( $term ) );
    $slug = sanitize_title( $term );

    $where = 't.slug = %s';
    $else_where = 't.name = %s';
    $where_fields = array($slug);
    $else_where_fields = array($term);
    $orderby = 'ORDER BY t.term_id ASC';
    $limit = 'LIMIT 1';
    if ( !empty($taxonomy) ) {
        if ( is_numeric( $parent ) ) {
            $parent = (int) $parent;
            $where_fields[] = $parent;
            $else_where_fields[] = $parent;
            $where .= ' AND tt.parent = %d';
            $else_where .= ' AND tt.parent = %d';
        }

        $where_fields[] = $taxonomy;
        $else_where_fields[] = $taxonomy;

        if ( $result = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare("SELECT tt.term_id, tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy as tt ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE $where AND tt.taxonomy = %s $orderby $limit", $where_fields), ARRAY_A) )
            return $result;

        return $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare("SELECT tt.term_id, tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy as tt ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE $else_where AND tt.taxonomy = %s $orderby $limit", $else_where_fields), ARRAY_A);
    }

    if ( $result = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare("SELECT term_id FROM $wpdb->terms as t WHERE $where $orderby $limit", $where_fields) ) )
        return $result;

    return $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare("SELECT term_id FROM $wpdb->terms as t WHERE $else_where $orderby $limit", $else_where_fields) );
}

/**
 * Check if a term is an ancestor of another term.
 *
 * You can use either an id or the term object for both parameters.
 *
 * @since 3.4.0
 *
 * @param int|object $term1    ID or object to check if this is the parent term.
 * @param int|object $term2    The child term.
 * @param string     $taxonomy Taxonomy name that $term1 and `$term2` belong to.
 * @return bool Whether `$term2` is a child of `$term1`.
 */
function term_is_ancestor_of( $term1, $term2, $taxonomy ) {
    if ( ! isset( $term1->term_id ) )
        $term1 = get_term( $term1, $taxonomy );
    if ( ! isset( $term2->parent ) )
        $term2 = get_term( $term2, $taxonomy );

    if ( empty( $term1->term_id ) || empty( $term2->parent ) )
        return false;
    if ( $term2->parent == $term1->term_id )
        return true;

    return term_is_ancestor_of( $term1, get_term( $term2->parent, $taxonomy ), $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Sanitize Term all fields.
 *
 * Relies on sanitize_term_field() to sanitize the term. The difference is that
 * this function will sanitize <strong>all</strong> fields. The context is based
 * on sanitize_term_field().
 *
 * The $term is expected to be either an array or an object.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array|object $term     The term to check.
 * @param string       $taxonomy The taxonomy name to use.
 * @param string       $context  Optional. Context in which to sanitize the term. Accepts 'edit', 'db',
 *                               'display', 'attribute', or 'js'. Default 'display'.
 * @return array|object Term with all fields sanitized.
 */
function sanitize_term($term, $taxonomy, $context = 'display') {
    $fields = array( 'term_id', 'name', 'description', 'slug', 'count', 'parent', 'term_group', 'term_taxonomy_id', 'object_id' );

    $do_object = is_object( $term );

    $term_id = $do_object ? $term->term_id : (isset($term['term_id']) ? $term['term_id'] : 0);

    foreach ( (array) $fields as $field ) {
        if ( $do_object ) {
            if ( isset($term->$field) )
                $term->$field = sanitize_term_field($field, $term->$field, $term_id, $taxonomy, $context);
        } else {
            if ( isset($term[$field]) )
                $term[$field] = sanitize_term_field($field, $term[$field], $term_id, $taxonomy, $context);
        }
    }

    if ( $do_object )
        $term->filter = $context;
    else
        $term['filter'] = $context;

    return $term;
}

/**
 * Cleanse the field value in the term based on the context.
 *
 * Passing a term field value through the function should be assumed to have
 * cleansed the value for whatever context the term field is going to be used.
 *
 * If no context or an unsupported context is given, then default filters will
 * be applied.
 *
 * There are enough filters for each context to support a custom filtering
 * without creating your own filter function. Simply create a function that
 * hooks into the filter you need.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $field    Term field to sanitize.
 * @param string $value    Search for this term value.
 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy Name.
 * @param string $context  Context in which to sanitize the term field. Accepts 'edit', 'db', 'display',
 *                         'attribute', or 'js'.
 * @return mixed Sanitized field.
 */
function sanitize_term_field($field, $value, $term_id, $taxonomy, $context) {
    $int_fields = array( 'parent', 'term_id', 'count', 'term_group', 'term_taxonomy_id', 'object_id' );
    if ( in_array( $field, $int_fields ) ) {
        $value = (int) $value;
        if ( $value < 0 )
            $value = 0;
    }

    if ( 'raw' == $context )
        return $value;

    if ( 'edit' == $context ) {

        /**
         * Filters a term field to edit before it is sanitized.
         *
         * The dynamic portion of the filter name, `$field`, refers to the term field.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed $value     Value of the term field.
         * @param int   $term_id   Term ID.
         * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "edit_term_{$field}", $value, $term_id, $taxonomy );

        /**
         * Filters the taxonomy field to edit before it is sanitized.
         *
         * The dynamic portions of the filter name, `$taxonomy` and `$field`, refer
         * to the taxonomy slug and taxonomy field, respectively.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed $value   Value of the taxonomy field to edit.
         * @param int   $term_id Term ID.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "edit_{$taxonomy}_{$field}", $value, $term_id );

        if ( 'description' == $field )
            $value = esc_html($value); // textarea_escaped
        else
            $value = esc_attr($value);
    } elseif ( 'db' == $context ) {

        /**
         * Filters a term field value before it is sanitized.
         *
         * The dynamic portion of the filter name, `$field`, refers to the term field.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed  $value    Value of the term field.
         * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "pre_term_{$field}", $value, $taxonomy );

        /**
         * Filters a taxonomy field before it is sanitized.
         *
         * The dynamic portions of the filter name, `$taxonomy` and `$field`, refer
         * to the taxonomy slug and field name, respectively.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed $value Value of the taxonomy field.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "pre_{$taxonomy}_{$field}", $value );

        // Back compat filters
        if ( 'slug' == $field ) {
            /**
             * Filters the category nicename before it is sanitized.
             *
             * Use the {@see 'pre_$taxonomy_$field'} hook instead.
             *
             * @since 2.0.3
             *
             * @param string $value The category nicename.
             */
            $value = apply_filters( 'pre_category_nicename', $value );
        }

    } elseif ( 'rss' == $context ) {

        /**
         * Filters the term field for use in RSS.
         *
         * The dynamic portion of the filter name, `$field`, refers to the term field.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed  $value    Value of the term field.
         * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "term_{$field}_rss", $value, $taxonomy );

        /**
         * Filters the taxonomy field for use in RSS.
         *
         * The dynamic portions of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, and `$field`, refer
         * to the taxonomy slug and field name, respectively.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed $value Value of the taxonomy field.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "{$taxonomy}_{$field}_rss", $value );
    } else {
        // Use display filters by default.

        /**
         * Filters the term field sanitized for display.
         *
         * The dynamic portion of the filter name, `$field`, refers to the term field name.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed  $value    Value of the term field.
         * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
         * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
         * @param string $context  Context to retrieve the term field value.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "term_{$field}", $value, $term_id, $taxonomy, $context );

        /**
         * Filters the taxonomy field sanitized for display.
         *
         * The dynamic portions of the filter name, `$taxonomy`, and `$field`, refer
         * to the taxonomy slug and taxonomy field, respectively.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         *
         * @param mixed  $value   Value of the taxonomy field.
         * @param int    $term_id Term ID.
         * @param string $context Context to retrieve the taxonomy field value.
         */
        $value = apply_filters( "{$taxonomy}_{$field}", $value, $term_id, $context );
    }

    if ( 'attribute' == $context ) {
        $value = esc_attr($value);
    } elseif ( 'js' == $context ) {
        $value = esc_js($value);
    }
    return $value;
}

/**
 * Count how many terms are in Taxonomy.
 *
 * Default $args is 'hide_empty' which can be 'hide_empty=true' or array('hide_empty' => true).
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string       $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @param array|string $args     Optional. Array of arguments that get passed to get_terms().
 *                               Default empty array.
 * @return array|int|WP_Error Number of terms in that taxonomy or WP_Error if the taxonomy does not exist.
 */
function wp_count_terms( $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
    $defaults = array('hide_empty' => false);
    $args = wp_parse_args($args, $defaults);

    // backward compatibility
    if ( isset($args['ignore_empty']) ) {
        $args['hide_empty'] = $args['ignore_empty'];
        unset($args['ignore_empty']);
    }

    $args['fields'] = 'count';

    return get_terms($taxonomy, $args);
}

/**
 * Will unlink the object from the taxonomy or taxonomies.
 *
 * Will remove all relationships between the object and any terms in
 * a particular taxonomy or taxonomies. Does not remove the term or
 * taxonomy itself.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int          $object_id  The term Object Id that refers to the term.
 * @param string|array $taxonomies List of Taxonomy Names or single Taxonomy name.
 */
function wp_delete_object_term_relationships( $object_id, $taxonomies ) {
    $object_id = (int) $object_id;

    if ( !is_array($taxonomies) )
        $taxonomies = array($taxonomies);

    foreach ( (array) $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
        $term_ids = wp_get_object_terms( $object_id, $taxonomy, array( 'fields' => 'ids' ) );
        $term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $term_ids );
        wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $term_ids, $taxonomy );
    }
}

/**
 * Removes a term from the database.
 *
 * If the term is a parent of other terms, then the children will be updated to
 * that term's parent.
 *
 * Metadata associated with the term will be deleted.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int          $term     Term ID.
 * @param string       $taxonomy Taxonomy Name.
 * @param array|string $args {
 *     Optional. Array of arguments to override the default term ID. Default empty array.
 *
 *     @type int  $default       The term ID to make the default term. This will only override
 *                               the terms found if there is only one term found. Any other and
 *                               the found terms are used.
 *     @type bool $force_default Optional. Whether to force the supplied term as default to be
 *                               assigned even if the object was not going to be term-less.
 *                               Default false.
 * }
 * @return bool|int|WP_Error True on success, false if term does not exist. Zero on attempted
 *                           deletion of default Category. WP_Error if the taxonomy does not exist.
 */
function wp_delete_term( $term, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $term = (int) $term;

    if ( ! $ids = term_exists($term, $taxonomy) )
        return false;
    if ( is_wp_error( $ids ) )
        return $ids;

    $tt_id = $ids['term_taxonomy_id'];

    $defaults = array();

    if ( 'category' == $taxonomy ) {
        $defaults['default'] = get_option( 'default_category' );
        if ( $defaults['default'] == $term )
            return 0; // Don't delete the default category
    }

    $args = wp_parse_args($args, $defaults);

    if ( isset( $args['default'] ) ) {
        $default = (int) $args['default'];
        if ( ! term_exists( $default, $taxonomy ) ) {
            unset( $default );
        }
    }

    if ( isset( $args['force_default'] ) ) {
        $force_default = $args['force_default'];
    }

    /**
     * Fires when deleting a term, before any modifications are made to posts or terms.
     *
     * @since 4.1.0
     *
     * @param int    $term     Term ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy Name.
     */
    do_action( 'pre_delete_term', $term, $taxonomy );

    // Update children to point to new parent
    if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical($taxonomy) ) {
        $term_obj = get_term($term, $taxonomy);
        if ( is_wp_error( $term_obj ) )
            return $term_obj;
        $parent = $term_obj->parent;

        $edit_ids = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT term_id, term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE `parent` = " . (int)$term_obj->term_id );
        $edit_tt_ids = wp_list_pluck( $edit_ids, 'term_taxonomy_id' );

        /**
         * Fires immediately before a term to delete's children are reassigned a parent.
         *
         * @since 2.9.0
         *
         * @param array $edit_tt_ids An array of term taxonomy IDs for the given term.
         */
        do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomies', $edit_tt_ids );

        $wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'parent' ), array( 'parent' => $term_obj->term_id) + compact( 'taxonomy' ) );

        // Clean the cache for all child terms.
        $edit_term_ids = wp_list_pluck( $edit_ids, 'term_id' );
        clean_term_cache( $edit_term_ids, $taxonomy );

        /**
         * Fires immediately after a term to delete's children are reassigned a parent.
         *
         * @since 2.9.0
         *
         * @param array $edit_tt_ids An array of term taxonomy IDs for the given term.
         */
        do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomies', $edit_tt_ids );
    }

    // Get the term before deleting it or its term relationships so we can pass to actions below.
    $deleted_term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );

    $object_ids = (array) $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT object_id FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $tt_id ) );

    foreach ( $object_ids as $object_id ) {
        $terms = wp_get_object_terms( $object_id, $taxonomy, array( 'fields' => 'ids', 'orderby' => 'none' ) );
        if ( 1 == count($terms) && isset($default) ) {
            $terms = array($default);
        } else {
            $terms = array_diff($terms, array($term));
            if (isset($default) && isset($force_default) && $force_default)
                $terms = array_merge($terms, array($default));
        }
        $terms = array_map('intval', $terms);
        wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy );
    }

    // Clean the relationship caches for all object types using this term.
    $tax_object = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
    foreach ( $tax_object->object_type as $object_type )
        clean_object_term_cache( $object_ids, $object_type );

    $term_meta_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT meta_id FROM $wpdb->termmeta WHERE term_id = %d ", $term ) );
    foreach ( $term_meta_ids as $mid ) {
        delete_metadata_by_mid( 'term', $mid );
    }

    /**
     * Fires immediately before a term taxonomy ID is deleted.
     *
     * @since 2.9.0
     *
     * @param int $tt_id Term taxonomy ID.
     */
    do_action( 'delete_term_taxonomy', $tt_id );
    $wpdb->delete( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id ) );

    /**
     * Fires immediately after a term taxonomy ID is deleted.
     *
     * @since 2.9.0
     *
     * @param int $tt_id Term taxonomy ID.
     */
    do_action( 'deleted_term_taxonomy', $tt_id );

    // Delete the term if no taxonomies use it.
    if ( !$wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d", $term) ) )
        $wpdb->delete( $wpdb->terms, array( 'term_id' => $term ) );

    clean_term_cache($term, $taxonomy);

    /**
     * Fires after a term is deleted from the database and the cache is cleaned.
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     * @since 4.5.0 Introduced the `$object_ids` argument.
     *
     * @param int     $term         Term ID.
     * @param int     $tt_id        Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string  $taxonomy     Taxonomy slug.
     * @param mixed   $deleted_term Copy of the already-deleted term, in the form specified
     *                              by the parent function. WP_Error otherwise.
     * @param array   $object_ids   List of term object IDs.
     */
    do_action( 'delete_term', $term, $tt_id, $taxonomy, $deleted_term, $object_ids );

    /**
     * Fires after a term in a specific taxonomy is deleted.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the specific
     * taxonomy the term belonged to.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     * @since 4.5.0 Introduced the `$object_ids` argument.
     *
     * @param int     $term         Term ID.
     * @param int     $tt_id        Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param mixed   $deleted_term Copy of the already-deleted term, in the form specified
     *                              by the parent function. WP_Error otherwise.
     * @param array   $object_ids   List of term object IDs.
     */
    do_action( "delete_{$taxonomy}", $term, $tt_id, $deleted_term, $object_ids );

    return true;
}

/**
 * Deletes one existing category.
 *
 * @since 2.0.0
 *
 * @param int $cat_ID Category term ID.
 * @return bool|int|WP_Error Returns true if completes delete action; false if term doesn't exist;
 *     Zero on attempted deletion of default Category; WP_Error object is also a possibility.
 */
function wp_delete_category( $cat_ID ) {
    return wp_delete_term( $cat_ID, 'category' );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the terms associated with the given object(s), in the supplied taxonomies.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.2.0 Added support for 'taxonomy', 'parent', and 'term_taxonomy_id' values of `$orderby`.
 *              Introduced `$parent` argument.
 * @since 4.4.0 Introduced `$meta_query` and `$update_term_meta_cache` arguments. When `$fields` is 'all' or
 *              'all_with_object_id', an array of `WP_Term` objects will be returned.
 * @since 4.7.0 Refactored to use WP_Term_Query, and to support any WP_Term_Query arguments.
 *
 * @param int|array    $object_ids The ID(s) of the object(s) to retrieve.
 * @param string|array $taxonomies The taxonomies to retrieve terms from.
 * @param array|string $args       See WP_Term_Query::__construct() for supported arguments.
 * @return array|WP_Error The requested term data or empty array if no terms found.
 *                        WP_Error if any of the $taxonomies don't exist.
 */
function wp_get_object_terms($object_ids, $taxonomies, $args = array()) {
    if ( empty( $object_ids ) || empty( $taxonomies ) )
        return array();

    if ( !is_array($taxonomies) )
        $taxonomies = array($taxonomies);

    foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
        if ( ! taxonomy_exists($taxonomy) )
            return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    if ( !is_array($object_ids) )
        $object_ids = array($object_ids);
    $object_ids = array_map('intval', $object_ids);

    $args = wp_parse_args( $args );

    /**
     * Filter arguments for retrieving object terms.
     *
     * @since 4.9.0
     *
     * @param array        $args       An array of arguments for retrieving terms for the given object(s).
     *                                 See {@see wp_get_object_terms()} for details.
     * @param int|array    $object_ids Object ID or array of IDs.
     * @param string|array $taxonomies The taxonomies to retrieve terms from.
     */
    $args = apply_filters( 'wp_get_object_terms_args', $args, $object_ids, $taxonomies );

    /*
     * When one or more queried taxonomies is registered with an 'args' array,
     * those params override the `$args` passed to this function.
     */
    $terms = array();
    if ( count( $taxonomies ) > 1 ) {
        foreach ( $taxonomies as $index => $taxonomy ) {
            $t = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
            if ( isset( $t->args ) && is_array( $t->args ) && $args != array_merge( $args, $t->args ) ) {
                unset( $taxonomies[ $index ] );
                $terms = array_merge( $terms, wp_get_object_terms( $object_ids, $taxonomy, array_merge( $args, $t->args ) ) );
            }
        }
    } else {
        $t = get_taxonomy( $taxonomies[0] );
        if ( isset( $t->args ) && is_array( $t->args ) ) {
            $args = array_merge( $args, $t->args );
        }
    }

    $args['taxonomy'] = $taxonomies;
    $args['object_ids'] = $object_ids;

    // Taxonomies registered without an 'args' param are handled here.
    if ( ! empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
        $terms_from_remaining_taxonomies = get_terms( $args );

        // Array keys should be preserved for values of $fields that use term_id for keys.
        if ( ! empty( $args['fields'] ) && 0 === strpos( $args['fields'], 'id=>' ) ) {
            $terms = $terms + $terms_from_remaining_taxonomies;
        } else {
            $terms = array_merge( $terms, $terms_from_remaining_taxonomies );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Filters the terms for a given object or objects.
     *
     * @since 4.2.0
     *
     * @param array $terms      An array of terms for the given object or objects.
     * @param array $object_ids Array of object IDs for which `$terms` were retrieved.
     * @param array $taxonomies Array of taxonomies from which `$terms` were retrieved.
     * @param array $args       An array of arguments for retrieving terms for the given
     *                          object(s). See wp_get_object_terms() for details.
     */
    $terms = apply_filters( 'get_object_terms', $terms, $object_ids, $taxonomies, $args );

    $object_ids = implode( ',', $object_ids );
    $taxonomies = "'" . implode( "', '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $taxonomies ) ) . "'";

    /**
     * Filters the terms for a given object or objects.
     *
     * The `$taxonomies` parameter passed to this filter is formatted as a SQL fragment. The
     * {@see 'get_object_terms'} filter is recommended as an alternative.
     *
     * @since 2.8.0
     *
     * @param array     $terms      An array of terms for the given object or objects.
     * @param int|array $object_ids Object ID or array of IDs.
     * @param string    $taxonomies SQL-formatted (comma-separated and quoted) list of taxonomy names.
     * @param array     $args       An array of arguments for retrieving terms for the given object(s).
     *                              See wp_get_object_terms() for details.
     */
    return apply_filters( 'wp_get_object_terms', $terms, $object_ids, $taxonomies, $args );
}

/**
 * Add a new term to the database.
 *
 * A non-existent term is inserted in the following sequence:
 * 1. The term is added to the term table, then related to the taxonomy.
 * 2. If everything is correct, several actions are fired.
 * 3. The 'term_id_filter' is evaluated.
 * 4. The term cache is cleaned.
 * 5. Several more actions are fired.
 * 6. An array is returned containing the term_id and term_taxonomy_id.
 *
 * If the 'slug' argument is not empty, then it is checked to see if the term
 * is invalid. If it is not a valid, existing term, it is added and the term_id
 * is given.
 *
 * If the taxonomy is hierarchical, and the 'parent' argument is not empty,
 * the term is inserted and the term_id will be given.
 *
 * Error handling:
 * If $taxonomy does not exist or $term is empty,
 * a WP_Error object will be returned.
 *
 * If the term already exists on the same hierarchical level,
 * or the term slug and name are not unique, a WP_Error object will be returned.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string       $term     The term to add or update.
 * @param string       $taxonomy The taxonomy to which to add the term.
 * @param array|string $args {
 *     Optional. Array or string of arguments for inserting a term.
 *
 *     @type string $alias_of    Slug of the term to make this term an alias of.
 *                               Default empty string. Accepts a term slug.
 *     @type string $description The term description. Default empty string.
 *     @type int    $parent      The id of the parent term. Default 0.
 *     @type string $slug        The term slug to use. Default empty string.
 * }
 * @return array|WP_Error An array containing the `term_id` and `term_taxonomy_id`,
 *                        WP_Error otherwise.
 */
function wp_insert_term( $term, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
    global $wpdb;

    if ( ! taxonomy_exists($taxonomy) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }
    /**
     * Filters a term before it is sanitized and inserted into the database.
     *
     * @since 3.0.0
     *
     * @param string $term     The term to add or update.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    $term = apply_filters( 'pre_insert_term', $term, $taxonomy );
    if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
        return $term;
    }
    if ( is_int( $term ) && 0 == $term ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term_id', __( 'Invalid term ID.' ) );
    }
    if ( '' == trim( $term ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'empty_term_name', __( 'A name is required for this term.' ) );
    }
    $defaults = array( 'alias_of' => '', 'description' => '', 'parent' => 0, 'slug' => '');
    $args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

    if ( $args['parent'] > 0 && ! term_exists( (int) $args['parent'] ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'missing_parent', __( 'Parent term does not exist.' ) );
    }

    $args['name'] = $term;
    $args['taxonomy'] = $taxonomy;

    // Coerce null description to strings, to avoid database errors.
    $args['description'] = (string) $args['description'];

    $args = sanitize_term($args, $taxonomy, 'db');

    // expected_slashed ($name)
    $name = wp_unslash( $args['name'] );
    $description = wp_unslash( $args['description'] );
    $parent = (int) $args['parent'];

    $slug_provided = ! empty( $args['slug'] );
    if ( ! $slug_provided ) {
        $slug = sanitize_title( $name );
    } else {
        $slug = $args['slug'];
    }

    $term_group = 0;
    if ( $args['alias_of'] ) {
        $alias = get_term_by( 'slug', $args['alias_of'], $taxonomy );
        if ( ! empty( $alias->term_group ) ) {
            // The alias we want is already in a group, so let's use that one.
            $term_group = $alias->term_group;
        } elseif ( ! empty( $alias->term_id ) ) {
            /*
             * The alias is not in a group, so we create a new one
             * and add the alias to it.
             */
            $term_group = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT MAX(term_group) FROM $wpdb->terms") + 1;

            wp_update_term( $alias->term_id, $taxonomy, array(
                'term_group' => $term_group,
            ) );
        }
    }

    /*
     * Prevent the creation of terms with duplicate names at the same level of a taxonomy hierarchy,
     * unless a unique slug has been explicitly provided.
     */
    $name_matches = get_terms( $taxonomy, array(
        'name' => $name,
        'hide_empty' => false,
        'parent' => $args['parent'],
    ) );

    /*
     * The `name` match in `get_terms()` doesn't differentiate accented characters,
     * so we do a stricter comparison here.
     */
    $name_match = null;
    if ( $name_matches ) {
        foreach ( $name_matches as $_match ) {
            if ( strtolower( $name ) === strtolower( $_match->name ) ) {
                $name_match = $_match;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( $name_match ) {
        $slug_match = get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $taxonomy );
        if ( ! $slug_provided || $name_match->slug === $slug || $slug_match ) {
            if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) ) {
                $siblings = get_terms( $taxonomy, array( 'get' => 'all', 'parent' => $parent ) );

                $existing_term = null;
                if ( ( ! $slug_provided || $name_match->slug === $slug ) && in_array( $name, wp_list_pluck( $siblings, 'name' ) ) ) {
                    $existing_term = $name_match;
                } elseif ( $slug_match && in_array( $slug, wp_list_pluck( $siblings, 'slug' ) ) ) {
                    $existing_term = $slug_match;
                }

                if ( $existing_term ) {
                    return new WP_Error( 'term_exists', __( 'A term with the name provided already exists with this parent.' ), $existing_term->term_id );
                }
            } else {
                return new WP_Error( 'term_exists', __( 'A term with the name provided already exists in this taxonomy.' ), $name_match->term_id );
            }
        }
    }

    $slug = wp_unique_term_slug( $slug, (object) $args );

    $data = compact( 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' );

    /**
     * Filters term data before it is inserted into the database.
     *
     * @since 4.7.0
     *
     * @param array  $data     Term data to be inserted.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_insert_term().
     */
    $data = apply_filters( 'wp_insert_term_data', $data, $taxonomy, $args );

    if ( false === $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->terms, $data ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not insert term into the database.' ), $wpdb->last_error );
    }

    $term_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;

    // Seems unreachable, However, Is used in the case that a term name is provided, which sanitizes to an empty string.
    if ( empty($slug) ) {
        $slug = sanitize_title($slug, $term_id);

        /** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        do_action( 'edit_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );
        $wpdb->update( $wpdb->terms, compact( 'slug' ), compact( 'term_id' ) );

        /** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        do_action( 'edited_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );
    }

    $tt_id = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt INNER JOIN $wpdb->terms AS t ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id = %d", $taxonomy, $term_id ) );

    if ( !empty($tt_id) ) {
        return array('term_id' => $term_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id);
    }
    $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'term_id', 'taxonomy', 'description', 'parent') + array( 'count' => 0 ) );
    $tt_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;

    /*
     * Sanity check: if we just created a term with the same parent + taxonomy + slug but a higher term_id than
     * an existing term, then we have unwittingly created a duplicate term. Delete the dupe, and use the term_id
     * and term_taxonomy_id of the older term instead. Then return out of the function so that the "create" hooks
     * are not fired.
     */
    $duplicate_term = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT t.term_id, tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->terms t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy tt ON ( tt.term_id = t.term_id ) WHERE t.slug = %s AND tt.parent = %d AND tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id < %d AND tt.term_taxonomy_id != %d", $slug, $parent, $taxonomy, $term_id, $tt_id ) );
    if ( $duplicate_term ) {
        $wpdb->delete( $wpdb->terms, array( 'term_id' => $term_id ) );
        $wpdb->delete( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id ) );

        $term_id = (int) $duplicate_term->term_id;
        $tt_id   = (int) $duplicate_term->term_taxonomy_id;

        clean_term_cache( $term_id, $taxonomy );
        return array( 'term_id' => $term_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id );
    }

    /**
     * Fires immediately after a new term is created, before the term cache is cleaned.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
     * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( "create_term", $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires after a new term is created for a specific taxonomy.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers
     * to the slug of the taxonomy the term was created for.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int $term_id Term ID.
     * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
     */
    do_action( "create_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

    /**
     * Filters the term ID after a new term is created.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int $term_id Term ID.
     * @param int $tt_id   Taxonomy term ID.
     */
    $term_id = apply_filters( 'term_id_filter', $term_id, $tt_id );

    clean_term_cache($term_id, $taxonomy);

    /**
     * Fires after a new term is created, and after the term cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
     * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( 'created_term', $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires after a new term in a specific taxonomy is created, and after the term
     * cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int $term_id Term ID.
     * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
     */
    do_action( "created_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

    return array('term_id' => $term_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id);
}

/**
 * Create Term and Taxonomy Relationships.
 *
 * Relates an object (post, link etc) to a term and taxonomy type. Creates the
 * term and taxonomy relationship if it doesn't already exist. Creates a term if
 * it doesn't exist (using the slug).
 *
 * A relationship means that the term is grouped in or belongs to the taxonomy.
 * A term has no meaning until it is given context by defining which taxonomy it
 * exists under.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb The WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The object to relate to.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     A single term slug, single term id, or array of either term slugs or ids.
 *                                    Will replace all existing related terms in this taxonomy. Passing an
 *                                    empty value will remove all related terms.
 * @param string           $taxonomy  The context in which to relate the term to the object.
 * @param bool             $append    Optional. If false will delete difference of terms. Default false.
 * @return array|WP_Error Term taxonomy IDs of the affected terms.
 */
function wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy, $append = false ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $object_id = (int) $object_id;

    if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    if ( !is_array($terms) )
        $terms = array($terms);

    if ( ! $append )
        $old_tt_ids =  wp_get_object_terms($object_id, $taxonomy, array('fields' => 'tt_ids', 'orderby' => 'none'));
    else
        $old_tt_ids = array();

    $tt_ids = array();
    $term_ids = array();
    $new_tt_ids = array();

    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term) {
        if ( !strlen(trim($term)) )
            continue;

        if ( !$term_info = term_exists($term, $taxonomy) ) {
            // Skip if a non-existent term ID is passed.
            if ( is_int($term) )
                continue;
            $term_info = wp_insert_term($term, $taxonomy);
        }
        if ( is_wp_error($term_info) )
            return $term_info;
        $term_ids[] = $term_info['term_id'];
        $tt_id = $term_info['term_taxonomy_id'];
        $tt_ids[] = $tt_id;

        if ( $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE object_id = %d AND term_taxonomy_id = %d", $object_id, $tt_id ) ) )
            continue;

        /**
         * Fires immediately before an object-term relationship is added.
         *
         * @since 2.9.0
         * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
         *
         * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
         * @param int    $tt_id     Term taxonomy ID.
         * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
         */
        do_action( 'add_term_relationship', $object_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );
        $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->term_relationships, array( 'object_id' => $object_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id ) );

        /**
         * Fires immediately after an object-term relationship is added.
         *
         * @since 2.9.0
         * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
         *
         * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
         * @param int    $tt_id     Term taxonomy ID.
         * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
         */
        do_action( 'added_term_relationship', $object_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );
        $new_tt_ids[] = $tt_id;
    }

    if ( $new_tt_ids )
        wp_update_term_count( $new_tt_ids, $taxonomy );

    if ( ! $append ) {
        $delete_tt_ids = array_diff( $old_tt_ids, $tt_ids );

        if ( $delete_tt_ids ) {
            $in_delete_tt_ids = "'" . implode( "', '", $delete_tt_ids ) . "'";
            $delete_term_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tt.term_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND tt.term_taxonomy_id IN ($in_delete_tt_ids)", $taxonomy ) );
            $delete_term_ids = array_map( 'intval', $delete_term_ids );

            $remove = wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $delete_term_ids, $taxonomy );
            if ( is_wp_error( $remove ) ) {
                return $remove;
            }
        }
    }

    $t = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
    if ( ! $append && isset($t->sort) && $t->sort ) {
        $values = array();
        $term_order = 0;
        $final_tt_ids = wp_get_object_terms($object_id, $taxonomy, array('fields' => 'tt_ids'));
        foreach ( $tt_ids as $tt_id )
            if ( in_array($tt_id, $final_tt_ids) )
                $values[] = $wpdb->prepare( "(%d, %d, %d)", $object_id, $tt_id, ++$term_order);
        if ( $values )
            if ( false === $wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO $wpdb->term_relationships (object_id, term_taxonomy_id, term_order) VALUES " . join( ',', $values ) . " ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE term_order = VALUES(term_order)" ) )
                return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not insert term relationship into the database.' ), $wpdb->last_error );
    }

    wp_cache_delete( $object_id, $taxonomy . '_relationships' );
    wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

    /**
     * Fires after an object's terms have been set.
     *
     * @since 2.8.0
     *
     * @param int    $object_id  Object ID.
     * @param array  $terms      An array of object terms.
     * @param array  $tt_ids     An array of term taxonomy IDs.
     * @param string $taxonomy   Taxonomy slug.
     * @param bool   $append     Whether to append new terms to the old terms.
     * @param array  $old_tt_ids Old array of term taxonomy IDs.
     */
    do_action( 'set_object_terms', $object_id, $terms, $tt_ids, $taxonomy, $append, $old_tt_ids );
    return $tt_ids;
}

/**
 * Add term(s) associated with a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.6.0
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The ID of the object to which the terms will be added.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     The slug(s) or ID(s) of the term(s) to add.
 * @param array|string     $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
 * @return array|WP_Error Term taxonomy IDs of the affected terms.
 */
function wp_add_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy ) {
    return wp_set_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy, true );
}

/**
 * Remove term(s) associated with a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.6.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int              $object_id The ID of the object from which the terms will be removed.
 * @param string|int|array $terms     The slug(s) or ID(s) of the term(s) to remove.
 * @param array|string     $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True on success, false or WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_remove_object_terms( $object_id, $terms, $taxonomy ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $object_id = (int) $object_id;

    if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    if ( ! is_array( $terms ) ) {
        $terms = array( $terms );
    }

    $tt_ids = array();

    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
        if ( ! strlen( trim( $term ) ) ) {
            continue;
        }

        if ( ! $term_info = term_exists( $term, $taxonomy ) ) {
            // Skip if a non-existent term ID is passed.
            if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
                continue;
            }
        }

        if ( is_wp_error( $term_info ) ) {
            return $term_info;
        }

        $tt_ids[] = $term_info['term_taxonomy_id'];
    }

    if ( $tt_ids ) {
        $in_tt_ids = "'" . implode( "', '", $tt_ids ) . "'";

        /**
         * Fires immediately before an object-term relationship is deleted.
         *
         * @since 2.9.0
         * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
         *
         * @param int   $object_id Object ID.
         * @param array $tt_ids    An array of term taxonomy IDs.
         * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
         */
        do_action( 'delete_term_relationships', $object_id, $tt_ids, $taxonomy );
        $deleted = $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE object_id = %d AND term_taxonomy_id IN ($in_tt_ids)", $object_id ) );

        wp_cache_delete( $object_id, $taxonomy . '_relationships' );
        wp_cache_delete( 'last_changed', 'terms' );

        /**
         * Fires immediately after an object-term relationship is deleted.
         *
         * @since 2.9.0
         * @since 4.7.0 Added the `$taxonomy` parameter.
         *
         * @param int    $object_id Object ID.
         * @param array  $tt_ids    An array of term taxonomy IDs.
         * @param string $taxonomy  Taxonomy slug.
         */
        do_action( 'deleted_term_relationships', $object_id, $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

        wp_update_term_count( $tt_ids, $taxonomy );

        return (bool) $deleted;
    }

    return false;
}

/**
 * Will make slug unique, if it isn't already.
 *
 * The `$slug` has to be unique global to every taxonomy, meaning that one
 * taxonomy term can't have a matching slug with another taxonomy term. Each
 * slug has to be globally unique for every taxonomy.
 *
 * The way this works is that if the taxonomy that the term belongs to is
 * hierarchical and has a parent, it will append that parent to the $slug.
 *
 * If that still doesn't return an unique slug, then it try to append a number
 * until it finds a number that is truly unique.
 *
 * The only purpose for `$term` is for appending a parent, if one exists.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param string $slug The string that will be tried for a unique slug.
 * @param object $term The term object that the `$slug` will belong to.
 * @return string Will return a true unique slug.
 */
function wp_unique_term_slug( $slug, $term ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $needs_suffix = true;
    $original_slug = $slug;

    // As of 4.1, duplicate slugs are allowed as long as they're in different taxonomies.
    if ( ! term_exists( $slug ) || get_option( 'db_version' ) >= 30133 && ! get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $term->taxonomy ) ) {
        $needs_suffix = false;
    }

    /*
     * If the taxonomy supports hierarchy and the term has a parent, make the slug unique
     * by incorporating parent slugs.
     */
    $parent_suffix = '';
    if ( $needs_suffix && is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $term->taxonomy ) && ! empty( $term->parent ) ) {
        $the_parent = $term->parent;
        while ( ! empty($the_parent) ) {
            $parent_term = get_term($the_parent, $term->taxonomy);
            if ( is_wp_error($parent_term) || empty($parent_term) )
                break;
            $parent_suffix .= '-' . $parent_term->slug;
            if ( ! term_exists( $slug . $parent_suffix ) ) {
                break;
            }

            if ( empty($parent_term->parent) )
                break;
            $the_parent = $parent_term->parent;
        }
    }

    // If we didn't get a unique slug, try appending a number to make it unique.

    /**
     * Filters whether the proposed unique term slug is bad.
     *
     * @since 4.3.0
     *
     * @param bool   $needs_suffix Whether the slug needs to be made unique with a suffix.
     * @param string $slug         The slug.
     * @param object $term         Term object.
     */
    if ( apply_filters( 'wp_unique_term_slug_is_bad_slug', $needs_suffix, $slug, $term ) ) {
        if ( $parent_suffix ) {
            $slug .= $parent_suffix;
        } else {
            if ( ! empty( $term->term_id ) )
                $query = $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT slug FROM $wpdb->terms WHERE slug = %s AND term_id != %d", $slug, $term->term_id );
            else
                $query = $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT slug FROM $wpdb->terms WHERE slug = %s", $slug );

            if ( $wpdb->get_var( $query ) ) {
                $num = 2;
                do {
                    $alt_slug = $slug . "-$num";
                    $num++;
                    $slug_check = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT slug FROM $wpdb->terms WHERE slug = %s", $alt_slug ) );
                } while ( $slug_check );
                $slug = $alt_slug;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Filters the unique term slug.
     *
     * @since 4.3.0
     *
     * @param string $slug          Unique term slug.
     * @param object $term          Term object.
     * @param string $original_slug Slug originally passed to the function for testing.
     */
    return apply_filters( 'wp_unique_term_slug', $slug, $term, $original_slug );
}

/**
 * Update term based on arguments provided.
 *
 * The $args will indiscriminately override all values with the same field name.
 * Care must be taken to not override important information need to update or
 * update will fail (or perhaps create a new term, neither would be acceptable).
 *
 * Defaults will set 'alias_of', 'description', 'parent', and 'slug' if not
 * defined in $args already.
 *
 * 'alias_of' will create a term group, if it doesn't already exist, and update
 * it for the $term.
 *
 * If the 'slug' argument in $args is missing, then the 'name' in $args will be
 * used. It should also be noted that if you set 'slug' and it isn't unique then
 * a WP_Error will be passed back. If you don't pass any slug, then a unique one
 * will be created for you.
 *
 * For what can be overrode in `$args`, check the term scheme can contain and stay
 * away from the term keys.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int          $term_id  The ID of the term
 * @param string       $taxonomy The context in which to relate the term to the object.
 * @param array|string $args     Optional. Array of get_terms() arguments. Default empty array.
 * @return array|WP_Error Returns Term ID and Taxonomy Term ID
 */
function wp_update_term( $term_id, $taxonomy, $args = array() ) {
    global $wpdb;

    if ( ! taxonomy_exists( $taxonomy ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_taxonomy', __( 'Invalid taxonomy.' ) );
    }

    $term_id = (int) $term_id;

    // First, get all of the original args
    $term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );

    if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
        return $term;
    }

    if ( ! $term ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );
    }

    $term = (array) $term->data;

    // Escape data pulled from DB.
    $term = wp_slash( $term );

    // Merge old and new args with new args overwriting old ones.
    $args = array_merge($term, $args);

    $defaults = array( 'alias_of' => '', 'description' => '', 'parent' => 0, 'slug' => '');
    $args = wp_parse_args($args, $defaults);
    $args = sanitize_term($args, $taxonomy, 'db');
    $parsed_args = $args;

    // expected_slashed ($name)
    $name = wp_unslash( $args['name'] );
    $description = wp_unslash( $args['description'] );

    $parsed_args['name'] = $name;
    $parsed_args['description'] = $description;

    if ( '' == trim( $name ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'empty_term_name', __( 'A name is required for this term.' ) );
    }

    if ( $parsed_args['parent'] > 0 && ! term_exists( (int) $parsed_args['parent'] ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'missing_parent', __( 'Parent term does not exist.' ) );
    }

    $empty_slug = false;
    if ( empty( $args['slug'] ) ) {
        $empty_slug = true;
        $slug = sanitize_title($name);
    } else {
        $slug = $args['slug'];
    }

    $parsed_args['slug'] = $slug;

    $term_group = isset( $parsed_args['term_group'] ) ? $parsed_args['term_group'] : 0;
    if ( $args['alias_of'] ) {
        $alias = get_term_by( 'slug', $args['alias_of'], $taxonomy );
        if ( ! empty( $alias->term_group ) ) {
            // The alias we want is already in a group, so let's use that one.
            $term_group = $alias->term_group;
        } elseif ( ! empty( $alias->term_id ) ) {
            /*
             * The alias is not in a group, so we create a new one
             * and add the alias to it.
             */
            $term_group = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT MAX(term_group) FROM $wpdb->terms") + 1;

            wp_update_term( $alias->term_id, $taxonomy, array(
                'term_group' => $term_group,
            ) );
        }

        $parsed_args['term_group'] = $term_group;
    }

    /**
     * Filters the term parent.
     *
     * Hook to this filter to see if it will cause a hierarchy loop.
     *
     * @since 3.1.0
     *
     * @param int    $parent      ID of the parent term.
     * @param int    $term_id     Term ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy slug.
     * @param array  $parsed_args An array of potentially altered update arguments for the given term.
     * @param array  $args        An array of update arguments for the given term.
     */
    $parent = apply_filters( 'wp_update_term_parent', $args['parent'], $term_id, $taxonomy, $parsed_args, $args );

    // Check for duplicate slug
    $duplicate = get_term_by( 'slug', $slug, $taxonomy );
    if ( $duplicate && $duplicate->term_id != $term_id ) {
        // If an empty slug was passed or the parent changed, reset the slug to something unique.
        // Otherwise, bail.
        if ( $empty_slug || ( $parent != $term['parent']) ) {
            $slug = wp_unique_term_slug($slug, (object) $args);
        } else {
            /* translators: 1: Taxonomy term slug */
            return new WP_Error( 'duplicate_term_slug', sprintf( __( 'The slug “%s” is already in use by another term.' ), $slug ) );
        }
    }

    $tt_id = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tt.term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt INNER JOIN $wpdb->terms AS t ON tt.term_id = t.term_id WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.term_id = %d", $taxonomy, $term_id) );

    // Check whether this is a shared term that needs splitting.
    $_term_id = _split_shared_term( $term_id, $tt_id );
    if ( ! is_wp_error( $_term_id ) ) {
        $term_id = $_term_id;
    }

    /**
     * Fires immediately before the given terms are edited.
     *
     * @since 2.9.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( 'edit_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );

    $data = compact( 'name', 'slug', 'term_group' );

    /**
     * Filters term data before it is updated in the database.
     *
     * @since 4.7.0
     *
     * @param array  $data     Term data to be updated.
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     * @param array  $args     Arguments passed to wp_update_term().
     */
    $data = apply_filters( 'wp_update_term_data', $data, $term_id, $taxonomy, $args );

    $wpdb->update( $wpdb->terms, $data, compact( 'term_id' ) );
    if ( empty($slug) ) {
        $slug = sanitize_title($name, $term_id);
        $wpdb->update( $wpdb->terms, compact( 'slug' ), compact( 'term_id' ) );
    }

    /**
     * Fires immediately after the given terms are edited.
     *
     * @since 2.9.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( 'edited_terms', $term_id, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires immediate before a term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
     *
     * @since 2.9.0
     *
     * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $tt_id, $taxonomy );

    $wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'term_id', 'taxonomy', 'description', 'parent' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id ) );

    /**
     * Fires immediately after a term-taxonomy relationship is updated.
     *
     * @since 2.9.0
     *
     * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $tt_id, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires after a term has been updated, but before the term cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
     * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( "edit_term", $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires after a term in a specific taxonomy has been updated, but before the term
     * cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int $term_id Term ID.
     * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
     */
    do_action( "edit_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

    /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
    $term_id = apply_filters( 'term_id_filter', $term_id, $tt_id );

    clean_term_cache($term_id, $taxonomy);

    /**
     * Fires after a term has been updated, and the term cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
     * @param int    $tt_id    Term taxonomy ID.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( "edited_term", $term_id, $tt_id, $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires after a term for a specific taxonomy has been updated, and the term
     * cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$taxonomy`, refers to the taxonomy slug.
     *
     * @since 2.3.0
     *
     * @param int $term_id Term ID.
     * @param int $tt_id   Term taxonomy ID.
     */
    do_action( "edited_{$taxonomy}", $term_id, $tt_id );

    return array('term_id' => $term_id, 'term_taxonomy_id' => $tt_id);
}

/**
 * Enable or disable term counting.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @staticvar bool $_defer
 *
 * @param bool $defer Optional. Enable if true, disable if false.
 * @return bool Whether term counting is enabled or disabled.
 */
function wp_defer_term_counting($defer=null) {
    static $_defer = false;

    if ( is_bool($defer) ) {
        $_defer = $defer;
        // flush any deferred counts
        if ( !$defer )
            wp_update_term_count( null, null, true );
    }

    return $_defer;
}

/**
 * Updates the amount of terms in taxonomy.
 *
 * If there is a taxonomy callback applied, then it will be called for updating
 * the count.
 *
 * The default action is to count what the amount of terms have the relationship
 * of term ID. Once that is done, then update the database.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @staticvar array $_deferred
 *
 * @param int|array $terms       The term_taxonomy_id of the terms.
 * @param string    $taxonomy    The context of the term.
 * @param bool      $do_deferred Whether to flush the deferred term counts too. Default false.
 * @return bool If no terms will return false, and if successful will return true.
 */
function wp_update_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy, $do_deferred = false ) {
    static $_deferred = array();

    if ( $do_deferred ) {
        foreach ( (array) array_keys($_deferred) as $tax ) {
            wp_update_term_count_now( $_deferred[$tax], $tax );
            unset( $_deferred[$tax] );
        }
    }

    if ( empty($terms) )
        return false;

    if ( !is_array($terms) )
        $terms = array($terms);

    if ( wp_defer_term_counting() ) {
        if ( !isset($_deferred[$taxonomy]) )
            $_deferred[$taxonomy] = array();
        $_deferred[$taxonomy] = array_unique( array_merge($_deferred[$taxonomy], $terms) );
        return true;
    }

    return wp_update_term_count_now( $terms, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Perform term count update immediately.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param array  $terms    The term_taxonomy_id of terms to update.
 * @param string $taxonomy The context of the term.
 * @return true Always true when complete.
 */
function wp_update_term_count_now( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
    $terms = array_map('intval', $terms);

    $taxonomy = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
    if ( !empty($taxonomy->update_count_callback) ) {
        call_user_func($taxonomy->update_count_callback, $terms, $taxonomy);
    } else {
        $object_types = (array) $taxonomy->object_type;
        foreach ( $object_types as &$object_type ) {
            if ( 0 === strpos( $object_type, 'attachment:' ) )
                list( $object_type ) = explode( ':', $object_type );
        }

        if ( $object_types == array_filter( $object_types, 'post_type_exists' ) ) {
            // Only post types are attached to this taxonomy
            _update_post_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy );
        } else {
            // Default count updater
            _update_generic_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy );
        }
    }

    clean_term_cache($terms, '', false);

    return true;
}

//
// Cache
//

/**
 * Removes the taxonomy relationship to terms from the cache.
 *
 * Will remove the entire taxonomy relationship containing term `$object_id`. The
 * term IDs have to exist within the taxonomy `$object_type` for the deletion to
 * take place.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @see get_object_taxonomies() for more on $object_type.
 *
 * @param int|array    $object_ids  Single or list of term object ID(s).
 * @param array|string $object_type The taxonomy object type.
 */
function clean_object_term_cache($object_ids, $object_type) {
    global $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

    if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
        return;
    }

    if ( !is_array($object_ids) )
        $object_ids = array($object_ids);

    $taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );

    foreach ( $object_ids as $id ) {
        foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
            wp_cache_delete($id, "{$taxonomy}_relationships");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fires after the object term cache has been cleaned.
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     *
     * @param array  $object_ids An array of object IDs.
     * @param string $object_type Object type.
     */
    do_action( 'clean_object_term_cache', $object_ids, $object_type );
}

/**
 * Will remove all of the term ids from the cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 * @global bool $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation
 *
 * @param int|array $ids            Single or list of Term IDs.
 * @param string    $taxonomy       Optional. Can be empty and will assume `tt_ids`, else will use for context.
 *                                  Default empty.
 * @param bool      $clean_taxonomy Optional. Whether to clean taxonomy wide caches (true), or just individual
 *                                  term object caches (false). Default true.
 */
function clean_term_cache($ids, $taxonomy = '', $clean_taxonomy = true) {
    global $wpdb, $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation;

    if ( ! empty( $_wp_suspend_cache_invalidation ) ) {
        return;
    }

    if ( !is_array($ids) )
        $ids = array($ids);

    $taxonomies = array();
    // If no taxonomy, assume tt_ids.
    if ( empty($taxonomy) ) {
        $tt_ids = array_map('intval', $ids);
        $tt_ids = implode(', ', $tt_ids);
        $terms = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT term_id, taxonomy FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN ($tt_ids)");
        $ids = array();
        foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
            $taxonomies[] = $term->taxonomy;
            $ids[] = $term->term_id;
            wp_cache_delete( $term->term_id, 'terms' );
        }
        $taxonomies = array_unique($taxonomies);
    } else {
        $taxonomies = array($taxonomy);
        foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
            foreach ( $ids as $id ) {
                wp_cache_delete( $id, 'terms' );
            }
        }
    }

    foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
        if ( $clean_taxonomy ) {
            clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy );
        }

        /**
         * Fires once after each taxonomy's term cache has been cleaned.
         *
         * @since 2.5.0
         * @since 4.5.0 Added the `$clean_taxonomy` parameter.
         *
         * @param array  $ids            An array of term IDs.
         * @param string $taxonomy       Taxonomy slug.
         * @param bool   $clean_taxonomy Whether or not to clean taxonomy-wide caches
         */
        do_action( 'clean_term_cache', $ids, $taxonomy, $clean_taxonomy );
    }

    wp_cache_set( 'last_changed', microtime(), 'terms' );
}

/**
 * Clean the caches for a taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 4.9.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
 */
function clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy ) {
    wp_cache_delete( 'all_ids', $taxonomy );
    wp_cache_delete( 'get', $taxonomy );

    // Regenerate cached hierarchy.
    delete_option( "{$taxonomy}_children" );
    _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy );

    /**
     * Fires after a taxonomy's caches have been cleaned.
     *
     * @since 4.9.0
     *
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    do_action( 'clean_taxonomy_cache', $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Retrieves the taxonomy relationship to the term object id.
 *
 * Upstream functions (like get_the_terms() and is_object_in_term()) are
 * responsible for populating the object-term relationship cache. The current
 * function only fetches relationship data that is already in the cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 * @since 4.7.0 Returns a WP_Error object if get_term() returns an error for
 *              any of the matched terms.
 *
 * @param int    $id       Term object ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return bool|array|WP_Error Array of `WP_Term` objects, if cached.
 *                             False if cache is empty for `$taxonomy` and `$id`.
 *                             WP_Error if get_term() returns an error object for any term.
 */
function get_object_term_cache( $id, $taxonomy ) {
    $_term_ids = wp_cache_get( $id, "{$taxonomy}_relationships" );

    // We leave the priming of relationship caches to upstream functions.
    if ( false === $_term_ids ) {
        return false;
    }

    // Backward compatibility for if a plugin is putting objects into the cache, rather than IDs.
    $term_ids = array();
    foreach ( $_term_ids as $term_id ) {
        if ( is_numeric( $term_id ) ) {
            $term_ids[] = intval( $term_id );
        } elseif ( isset( $term_id->term_id ) ) {
            $term_ids[] = intval( $term_id->term_id );
        }
    }

    // Fill the term objects.
    _prime_term_caches( $term_ids );

    $terms = array();
    foreach ( $term_ids as $term_id ) {
        $term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );
        if ( is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
            return $term;
        }

        $terms[] = $term;
    }

    return $terms;
}

/**
 * Updates the cache for the given term object ID(s).
 *
 * Note: Due to performance concerns, great care should be taken to only update
 * term caches when necessary. Processing time can increase exponentially depending
 * on both the number of passed term IDs and the number of taxonomies those terms
 * belong to.
 *
 * Caches will only be updated for terms not already cached.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string|array $object_ids  Comma-separated list or array of term object IDs.
 * @param array|string $object_type The taxonomy object type.
 * @return void|false False if all of the terms in `$object_ids` are already cached.
 */
function update_object_term_cache($object_ids, $object_type) {
    if ( empty($object_ids) )
        return;

    if ( !is_array($object_ids) )
        $object_ids = explode(',', $object_ids);

    $object_ids = array_map('intval', $object_ids);

    $taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies($object_type);

    $ids = array();
    foreach ( (array) $object_ids as $id ) {
        foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
            if ( false === wp_cache_get($id, "{$taxonomy}_relationships") ) {
                $ids[] = $id;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( empty( $ids ) )
        return false;

    $terms = wp_get_object_terms( $ids, $taxonomies, array(
        'fields' => 'all_with_object_id',
        'orderby' => 'name',
        'update_term_meta_cache' => false,
    ) );

    $object_terms = array();
    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
        $object_terms[ $term->object_id ][ $term->taxonomy ][] = $term->term_id;
    }

    foreach ( $ids as $id ) {
        foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
            if ( ! isset($object_terms[$id][$taxonomy]) ) {
                if ( !isset($object_terms[$id]) )
                    $object_terms[$id] = array();
                $object_terms[$id][$taxonomy] = array();
            }
        }
    }

    foreach ( $object_terms as $id => $value ) {
        foreach ( $value as $taxonomy => $terms ) {
            wp_cache_add( $id, $terms, "{$taxonomy}_relationships" );
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Updates Terms to Taxonomy in cache.
 *
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of term objects to change.
 * @param string $taxonomy Optional. Update Term to this taxonomy in cache. Default empty.
 */
function update_term_cache( $terms, $taxonomy = '' ) {
    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
        // Create a copy in case the array was passed by reference.
        $_term = clone $term;

        // Object ID should not be cached.
        unset( $_term->object_id );

        wp_cache_add( $term->term_id, $_term, 'terms' );
    }
}

//
// Private
//

/**
 * Retrieves children of taxonomy as Term IDs.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return array Empty if $taxonomy isn't hierarchical or returns children as Term IDs.
 */
function _get_term_hierarchy( $taxonomy ) {
    if ( !is_taxonomy_hierarchical($taxonomy) )
        return array();
    $children = get_option("{$taxonomy}_children");

    if ( is_array($children) )
        return $children;
    $children = array();
    $terms = get_terms($taxonomy, array('get' => 'all', 'orderby' => 'id', 'fields' => 'id=>parent'));
    foreach ( $terms as $term_id => $parent ) {
        if ( $parent > 0 )
            $children[$parent][] = $term_id;
    }
    update_option("{$taxonomy}_children", $children);

    return $children;
}

/**
 * Get the subset of $terms that are descendants of $term_id.
 *
 * If `$terms` is an array of objects, then _get_term_children() returns an array of objects.
 * If `$terms` is an array of IDs, then _get_term_children() returns an array of IDs.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id   The ancestor term: all returned terms should be descendants of `$term_id`.
 * @param array  $terms     The set of terms - either an array of term objects or term IDs - from which those that
 *                          are descendants of $term_id will be chosen.
 * @param string $taxonomy  The taxonomy which determines the hierarchy of the terms.
 * @param array  $ancestors Optional. Term ancestors that have already been identified. Passed by reference, to keep
 *                          track of found terms when recursing the hierarchy. The array of located ancestors is used
 *                          to prevent infinite recursion loops. For performance, `term_ids` are used as array keys,
 *                          with 1 as value. Default empty array.
 * @return array|WP_Error The subset of $terms that are descendants of $term_id.
 */
function _get_term_children( $term_id, $terms, $taxonomy, &$ancestors = array() ) {
    $empty_array = array();
    if ( empty($terms) )
        return $empty_array;

    $term_list = array();
    $has_children = _get_term_hierarchy($taxonomy);

    if  ( ( 0 != $term_id ) && ! isset($has_children[$term_id]) )
        return $empty_array;

    // Include the term itself in the ancestors array, so we can properly detect when a loop has occurred.
    if ( empty( $ancestors ) ) {
        $ancestors[ $term_id ] = 1;
    }

    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
        $use_id = false;
        if ( !is_object($term) ) {
            $term = get_term($term, $taxonomy);
            if ( is_wp_error( $term ) )
                return $term;
            $use_id = true;
        }

        // Don't recurse if we've already identified the term as a child - this indicates a loop.
        if ( isset( $ancestors[ $term->term_id ] ) ) {
            continue;
        }

        if ( $term->parent == $term_id ) {
            if ( $use_id )
                $term_list[] = $term->term_id;
            else
                $term_list[] = $term;

            if ( !isset($has_children[$term->term_id]) )
                continue;

            $ancestors[ $term->term_id ] = 1;

            if ( $children = _get_term_children( $term->term_id, $terms, $taxonomy, $ancestors) )
                $term_list = array_merge($term_list, $children);
        }
    }

    return $term_list;
}

/**
 * Add count of children to parent count.
 *
 * Recalculates term counts by including items from child terms. Assumes all
 * relevant children are already in the $terms argument.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of term objects (passed by reference).
 * @param string $taxonomy Term context.
 */
function _pad_term_counts( &$terms, $taxonomy ) {
    global $wpdb;

    // This function only works for hierarchical taxonomies like post categories.
    if ( !is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $taxonomy ) )
        return;

    $term_hier = _get_term_hierarchy($taxonomy);

    if ( empty($term_hier) )
        return;

    $term_items = array();
    $terms_by_id = array();
    $term_ids = array();

    foreach ( (array) $terms as $key => $term ) {
        $terms_by_id[$term->term_id] = & $terms[$key];
        $term_ids[$term->term_taxonomy_id] = $term->term_id;
    }

    // Get the object and term ids and stick them in a lookup table.
    $tax_obj = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);
    $object_types = esc_sql($tax_obj->object_type);
    $results = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT object_id, term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_relationships INNER JOIN $wpdb->posts ON object_id = ID WHERE term_taxonomy_id IN (" . implode(',', array_keys($term_ids)) . ") AND post_type IN ('" . implode("', '", $object_types) . "') AND post_status = 'publish'");
    foreach ( $results as $row ) {
        $id = $term_ids[$row->term_taxonomy_id];
        $term_items[$id][$row->object_id] = isset($term_items[$id][$row->object_id]) ? ++$term_items[$id][$row->object_id] : 1;
    }

    // Touch every ancestor's lookup row for each post in each term.
    foreach ( $term_ids as $term_id ) {
        $child = $term_id;
        $ancestors = array();
        while ( !empty( $terms_by_id[$child] ) && $parent = $terms_by_id[$child]->parent ) {
            $ancestors[] = $child;
            if ( !empty( $term_items[$term_id] ) )
                foreach ( $term_items[$term_id] as $item_id => $touches ) {
                    $term_items[$parent][$item_id] = isset($term_items[$parent][$item_id]) ? ++$term_items[$parent][$item_id]: 1;
                }
            $child = $parent;

            if ( in_array( $parent, $ancestors ) ) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // Transfer the touched cells.
    foreach ( (array) $term_items as $id => $items )
        if ( isset($terms_by_id[$id]) )
            $terms_by_id[$id]->count = count($items);
}

/**
 * Adds any terms from the given IDs to the cache that do not already exist in cache.
 *
 * @since 4.6.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array $term_ids          Array of term IDs.
 * @param bool  $update_meta_cache Optional. Whether to update the meta cache. Default true.
 */
function _prime_term_caches( $term_ids, $update_meta_cache = true ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $non_cached_ids = _get_non_cached_ids( $term_ids, 'terms' );
    if ( ! empty( $non_cached_ids ) ) {
        $fresh_terms = $wpdb->get_results( sprintf( "SELECT t.*, tt.* FROM $wpdb->terms AS t INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id WHERE t.term_id IN (%s)", join( ",", array_map( 'intval', $non_cached_ids ) ) ) );

        update_term_cache( $fresh_terms, $update_meta_cache );

        if ( $update_meta_cache ) {
            update_termmeta_cache( $non_cached_ids );
        }
    }
}

//
// Default callbacks
//

/**
 * Will update term count based on object types of the current taxonomy.
 *
 * Private function for the default callback for post_tag and category
 * taxonomies.
 *
 * @access private
 * @since 2.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of Term taxonomy IDs.
 * @param object $taxonomy Current taxonomy object of terms.
 */
function _update_post_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
    global $wpdb;

    $object_types = (array) $taxonomy->object_type;

    foreach ( $object_types as &$object_type )
        list( $object_type ) = explode( ':', $object_type );

    $object_types = array_unique( $object_types );

    if ( false !== ( $check_attachments = array_search( 'attachment', $object_types ) ) ) {
        unset( $object_types[ $check_attachments ] );
        $check_attachments = true;
    }

    if ( $object_types )
        $object_types = esc_sql( array_filter( $object_types, 'post_type_exists' ) );

    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
        $count = 0;

        // Attachments can be 'inherit' status, we need to base count off the parent's status if so.
        if ( $check_attachments )
            $count += (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_relationships, $wpdb->posts p1 WHERE p1.ID = $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id AND ( post_status = 'publish' OR ( post_status = 'inherit' AND post_parent > 0 AND ( SELECT post_status FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE ID = p1.post_parent ) = 'publish' ) ) AND post_type = 'attachment' AND term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term ) );

        if ( $object_types )
            $count += (int) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_relationships, $wpdb->posts WHERE $wpdb->posts.ID = $wpdb->term_relationships.object_id AND post_status = 'publish' AND post_type IN ('" . implode("', '", $object_types ) . "') AND term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term ) );

        /** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
        $wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'count' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $term ) );

        /** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
    }
}

/**
 * Will update term count based on number of objects.
 *
 * Default callback for the 'link_category' taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 3.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param array  $terms    List of term taxonomy IDs.
 * @param object $taxonomy Current taxonomy object of terms.
 */
function _update_generic_term_count( $terms, $taxonomy ) {
    global $wpdb;

    foreach ( (array) $terms as $term ) {
        $count = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_relationships WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term ) );

        /** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        do_action( 'edit_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
        $wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy, compact( 'count' ), array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $term ) );

        /** This action is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        do_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', $term, $taxonomy->name );
    }
}

/**
 * Create a new term for a term_taxonomy item that currently shares its term
 * with another term_taxonomy.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 * @since 4.3.0 Introduced `$record` parameter. Also, `$term_id` and
 *              `$term_taxonomy_id` can now accept objects.
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int|object $term_id          ID of the shared term, or the shared term object.
 * @param int|object $term_taxonomy_id ID of the term_taxonomy item to receive a new term, or the term_taxonomy object
 *                                     (corresponding to a row from the term_taxonomy table).
 * @param bool       $record           Whether to record data about the split term in the options table. The recording
 *                                     process has the potential to be resource-intensive, so during batch operations
 *                                     it can be beneficial to skip inline recording and do it just once, after the
 *                                     batch is processed. Only set this to `false` if you know what you are doing.
 *                                     Default: true.
 * @return int|WP_Error When the current term does not need to be split (or cannot be split on the current
 *                      database schema), `$term_id` is returned. When the term is successfully split, the
 *                      new term_id is returned. A WP_Error is returned for miscellaneous errors.
 */
function _split_shared_term( $term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $record = true ) {
    global $wpdb;

    if ( is_object( $term_id ) ) {
        $shared_term = $term_id;
        $term_id = intval( $shared_term->term_id );
    }

    if ( is_object( $term_taxonomy_id ) ) {
        $term_taxonomy = $term_taxonomy_id;
        $term_taxonomy_id = intval( $term_taxonomy->term_taxonomy_id );
    }

    // If there are no shared term_taxonomy rows, there's nothing to do here.
    $shared_tt_count = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy tt WHERE tt.term_id = %d AND tt.term_taxonomy_id != %d", $term_id, $term_taxonomy_id ) );

    if ( ! $shared_tt_count ) {
        return $term_id;
    }

    /*
     * Verify that the term_taxonomy_id passed to the function is actually associated with the term_id.
     * If there's a mismatch, it may mean that the term is already split. Return the actual term_id from the db.
     */
    $check_term_id = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT term_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term_taxonomy_id ) );
    if ( $check_term_id != $term_id ) {
        return $check_term_id;
    }

    // Pull up data about the currently shared slug, which we'll use to populate the new one.
    if ( empty( $shared_term ) ) {
        $shared_term = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT t.* FROM $wpdb->terms t WHERE t.term_id = %d", $term_id ) );
    }

    $new_term_data = array(
        'name' => $shared_term->name,
        'slug' => $shared_term->slug,
        'term_group' => $shared_term->term_group,
    );

    if ( false === $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->terms, $new_term_data ) ) {
        return new WP_Error( 'db_insert_error', __( 'Could not split shared term.' ), $wpdb->last_error );
    }

    $new_term_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;

    // Update the existing term_taxonomy to point to the newly created term.
    $wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy,
        array( 'term_id' => $new_term_id ),
        array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $term_taxonomy_id )
    );

    // Reassign child terms to the new parent.
    if ( empty( $term_taxonomy ) ) {
        $term_taxonomy = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_taxonomy_id = %d", $term_taxonomy_id ) );
    }

    $children_tt_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT term_taxonomy_id FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE parent = %d AND taxonomy = %s", $term_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy ) );
    if ( ! empty( $children_tt_ids ) ) {
        foreach ( $children_tt_ids as $child_tt_id ) {
            $wpdb->update( $wpdb->term_taxonomy,
                array( 'parent' => $new_term_id ),
                array( 'term_taxonomy_id' => $child_tt_id )
            );
            clean_term_cache( (int) $child_tt_id, '', false );
        }
    } else {
        // If the term has no children, we must force its taxonomy cache to be rebuilt separately.
        clean_term_cache( $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy, false );
    }

    clean_term_cache( $term_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy, false );

    /*
     * Taxonomy cache clearing is delayed to avoid race conditions that may occur when
     * regenerating the taxonomy's hierarchy tree.
     */
    $taxonomies_to_clean = array( $term_taxonomy->taxonomy );

    // Clean the cache for term taxonomies formerly shared with the current term.
    $shared_term_taxonomies = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT taxonomy FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d", $term_id ) );
    $taxonomies_to_clean = array_merge( $taxonomies_to_clean, $shared_term_taxonomies );

    foreach ( $taxonomies_to_clean as $taxonomy_to_clean ) {
        clean_taxonomy_cache( $taxonomy_to_clean );
    }

    // Keep a record of term_ids that have been split, keyed by old term_id. See wp_get_split_term().
    if ( $record ) {
        $split_term_data = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );
        if ( ! isset( $split_term_data[ $term_id ] ) ) {
            $split_term_data[ $term_id ] = array();
        }

        $split_term_data[ $term_id ][ $term_taxonomy->taxonomy ] = $new_term_id;
        update_option( '_split_terms', $split_term_data );
    }

    // If we've just split the final shared term, set the "finished" flag.
    $shared_terms_exist = $wpdb->get_results(
        "SELECT tt.term_id, t.*, count(*) as term_tt_count FROM {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} tt
         LEFT JOIN {$wpdb->terms} t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id
         GROUP BY t.term_id
         HAVING term_tt_count > 1
         LIMIT 1"
    );
    if ( ! $shared_terms_exist ) {
        update_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms', true );
    }

    /**
     * Fires after a previously shared taxonomy term is split into two separate terms.
     *
     * @since 4.2.0
     *
     * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
     * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
     * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
     * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
     */
    do_action( 'split_shared_term', $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $term_taxonomy->taxonomy );

    return $new_term_id;
}

/**
 * Splits a batch of shared taxonomy terms.
 *
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 */
function _wp_batch_split_terms() {
    global $wpdb;

    $lock_name = 'term_split.lock';

    // Try to lock.
    $lock_result = $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT IGNORE INTO `$wpdb->options` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES (%s, %s, 'no') /* LOCK */", $lock_name, time() ) );

    if ( ! $lock_result ) {
        $lock_result = get_option( $lock_name );

        // Bail if we were unable to create a lock, or if the existing lock is still valid.
        if ( ! $lock_result || ( $lock_result > ( time() - HOUR_IN_SECONDS ) ) ) {
            wp_schedule_single_event( time() + ( 5 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ), 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );
            return;
        }
    }

    // Update the lock, as by this point we've definitely got a lock, just need to fire the actions.
    update_option( $lock_name, time() );

    // Get a list of shared terms (those with more than one associated row in term_taxonomy).
    $shared_terms = $wpdb->get_results(
        "SELECT tt.term_id, t.*, count(*) as term_tt_count FROM {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} tt
         LEFT JOIN {$wpdb->terms} t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id
         GROUP BY t.term_id
         HAVING term_tt_count > 1
         LIMIT 10"
    );

    // No more terms, we're done here.
    if ( ! $shared_terms ) {
        update_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms', true );
        delete_option( $lock_name );
        return;
    }

    // Shared terms found? We'll need to run this script again.
    wp_schedule_single_event( time() + ( 2 * MINUTE_IN_SECONDS ), 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );

    // Rekey shared term array for faster lookups.
    $_shared_terms = array();
    foreach ( $shared_terms as $shared_term ) {
        $term_id = intval( $shared_term->term_id );
        $_shared_terms[ $term_id ] = $shared_term;
    }
    $shared_terms = $_shared_terms;

    // Get term taxonomy data for all shared terms.
    $shared_term_ids = implode( ',', array_keys( $shared_terms ) );
    $shared_tts = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} WHERE `term_id` IN ({$shared_term_ids})" );

    // Split term data recording is slow, so we do it just once, outside the loop.
    $split_term_data = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );
    $skipped_first_term = $taxonomies = array();
    foreach ( $shared_tts as $shared_tt ) {
        $term_id = intval( $shared_tt->term_id );

        // Don't split the first tt belonging to a given term_id.
        if ( ! isset( $skipped_first_term[ $term_id ] ) ) {
            $skipped_first_term[ $term_id ] = 1;
            continue;
        }

        if ( ! isset( $split_term_data[ $term_id ] ) ) {
            $split_term_data[ $term_id ] = array();
        }

        // Keep track of taxonomies whose hierarchies need flushing.
        if ( ! isset( $taxonomies[ $shared_tt->taxonomy ] ) ) {
            $taxonomies[ $shared_tt->taxonomy ] = 1;
        }

        // Split the term.
        $split_term_data[ $term_id ][ $shared_tt->taxonomy ] = _split_shared_term( $shared_terms[ $term_id ], $shared_tt, false );
    }

    // Rebuild the cached hierarchy for each affected taxonomy.
    foreach ( array_keys( $taxonomies ) as $tax ) {
        delete_option( "{$tax}_children" );
        _get_term_hierarchy( $tax );
    }

    update_option( '_split_terms', $split_term_data );

    delete_option( $lock_name );
}

/**
 * In order to avoid the _wp_batch_split_terms() job being accidentally removed,
 * check that it's still scheduled while we haven't finished splitting terms.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.3.0
 */
function _wp_check_for_scheduled_split_terms() {
    if ( ! get_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms' ) && ! wp_next_scheduled( 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' ) ) {
        wp_schedule_single_event( time() + MINUTE_IN_SECONDS, 'wp_split_shared_term_batch' );
    }
}

/**
 * Check default categories when a term gets split to see if any of them need to be updated.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_default_terms( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
    if ( 'category' != $taxonomy ) {
        return;
    }

    foreach ( array( 'default_category', 'default_link_category', 'default_email_category' ) as $option ) {
        if ( $term_id == get_option( $option, -1 ) ) {
            update_option( $option, $new_term_id );
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Check menu items when a term gets split to see if any of them need to be updated.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_terms_in_menus( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
    global $wpdb;
    $post_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $wpdb->prepare(
        "SELECT m1.post_id
        FROM {$wpdb->postmeta} AS m1
            INNER JOIN {$wpdb->postmeta} AS m2 ON ( m2.post_id = m1.post_id )
            INNER JOIN {$wpdb->postmeta} AS m3 ON ( m3.post_id = m1.post_id )
        WHERE ( m1.meta_key = '_menu_item_type' AND m1.meta_value = 'taxonomy' )
            AND ( m2.meta_key = '_menu_item_object' AND m2.meta_value = %s )
            AND ( m3.meta_key = '_menu_item_object_id' AND m3.meta_value = %d )",
        $taxonomy,
        $term_id
    ) );

    if ( $post_ids ) {
        foreach ( $post_ids as $post_id ) {
            update_post_meta( $post_id, '_menu_item_object_id', $new_term_id, $term_id );
        }
    }
}

/**
 * If the term being split is a nav_menu, change associations.
 *
 * @ignore
 * @since 4.3.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id          ID of the formerly shared term.
 * @param int    $new_term_id      ID of the new term created for the $term_taxonomy_id.
 * @param int    $term_taxonomy_id ID for the term_taxonomy row affected by the split.
 * @param string $taxonomy         Taxonomy for the split term.
 */
function _wp_check_split_nav_menu_terms( $term_id, $new_term_id, $term_taxonomy_id, $taxonomy ) {
    if ( 'nav_menu' !== $taxonomy ) {
        return;
    }

    // Update menu locations.
    $locations = get_nav_menu_locations();
    foreach ( $locations as $location => $menu_id ) {
        if ( $term_id == $menu_id ) {
            $locations[ $location ] = $new_term_id;
        }
    }
    set_theme_mod( 'nav_menu_locations', $locations );
}

/**
 * Get data about terms that previously shared a single term_id, but have since been split.
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int $old_term_id Term ID. This is the old, pre-split term ID.
 * @return array Array of new term IDs, keyed by taxonomy.
 */
function wp_get_split_terms( $old_term_id ) {
    $split_terms = get_option( '_split_terms', array() );

    $terms = array();
    if ( isset( $split_terms[ $old_term_id ] ) ) {
        $terms = $split_terms[ $old_term_id ];
    }

    return $terms;
}

/**
 * Get the new term ID corresponding to a previously split term.
 *
 * @since 4.2.0
 *
 * @param int    $old_term_id Term ID. This is the old, pre-split term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy    Taxonomy that the term belongs to.
 * @return int|false If a previously split term is found corresponding to the old term_id and taxonomy,
 *                   the new term_id will be returned. If no previously split term is found matching
 *                   the parameters, returns false.
 */
function wp_get_split_term( $old_term_id, $taxonomy ) {
    $split_terms = wp_get_split_terms( $old_term_id );

    $term_id = false;
    if ( isset( $split_terms[ $taxonomy ] ) ) {
        $term_id = (int) $split_terms[ $taxonomy ];
    }

    return $term_id;
}

/**
 * Determine whether a term is shared between multiple taxonomies.
 *
 * Shared taxonomy terms began to be split in 4.3, but failed cron tasks or
 * other delays in upgrade routines may cause shared terms to remain.
 *
 * @since 4.4.0
 *
 * @param int $term_id Term ID.
 * @return bool Returns false if a term is not shared between multiple taxonomies or
 *              if splittng shared taxonomy terms is finished.
 */
function wp_term_is_shared( $term_id ) {
    global $wpdb;

    if ( get_option( 'finished_splitting_shared_terms' ) ) {
        return false;
    }

    $tt_count = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM $wpdb->term_taxonomy WHERE term_id = %d", $term_id ) );

    return $tt_count > 1;
}

/**
 * Generate a permalink for a taxonomy term archive.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @global WP_Rewrite $wp_rewrite
 *
 * @param object|int|string $term     The term object, ID, or slug whose link will be retrieved.
 * @param string            $taxonomy Optional. Taxonomy. Default empty.
 * @return string|WP_Error HTML link to taxonomy term archive on success, WP_Error if term does not exist.
 */
function get_term_link( $term, $taxonomy = '' ) {
    global $wp_rewrite;

    if ( !is_object($term) ) {
        if ( is_int( $term ) ) {
            $term = get_term( $term, $taxonomy );
        } else {
            $term = get_term_by( 'slug', $term, $taxonomy );
        }
    }

    if ( !is_object($term) )
        $term = new WP_Error( 'invalid_term', __( 'Empty Term.' ) );

    if ( is_wp_error( $term ) )
        return $term;

    $taxonomy = $term->taxonomy;

    $termlink = $wp_rewrite->get_extra_permastruct($taxonomy);

    /**
     * Filters the permalink structure for a terms before token replacement occurs.
     *
     * @since 4.9.0
     *
     * @param string  $termlink The permalink structure for the term's taxonomy.
     * @param WP_Term $term     The term object.
     */
    $termlink = apply_filters( 'pre_term_link', $termlink, $term );

    $slug = $term->slug;
    $t = get_taxonomy($taxonomy);

    if ( empty($termlink) ) {
        if ( 'category' == $taxonomy )
            $termlink = '?cat=' . $term->term_id;
        elseif ( $t->query_var )
            $termlink = "?$t->query_var=$slug";
        else
            $termlink = "?taxonomy=$taxonomy&term=$slug";
        $termlink = home_url($termlink);
    } else {
        if ( $t->rewrite['hierarchical'] ) {
            $hierarchical_slugs = array();
            $ancestors = get_ancestors( $term->term_id, $taxonomy, 'taxonomy' );
            foreach ( (array)$ancestors as $ancestor ) {
                $ancestor_term = get_term($ancestor, $taxonomy);
                $hierarchical_slugs[] = $ancestor_term->slug;
            }
            $hierarchical_slugs = array_reverse($hierarchical_slugs);
            $hierarchical_slugs[] = $slug;
            $termlink = str_replace("%$taxonomy%", implode('/', $hierarchical_slugs), $termlink);
        } else {
            $termlink = str_replace("%$taxonomy%", $slug, $termlink);
        }
        $termlink = home_url( user_trailingslashit($termlink, 'category') );
    }
    // Back Compat filters.
    if ( 'post_tag' == $taxonomy ) {

        /**
         * Filters the tag link.
         *
         * @since 2.3.0
         * @deprecated 2.5.0 Use 'term_link' instead.
         *
         * @param string $termlink Tag link URL.
         * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
         */
        $termlink = apply_filters( 'tag_link', $termlink, $term->term_id );
    } elseif ( 'category' == $taxonomy ) {

        /**
         * Filters the category link.
         *
         * @since 1.5.0
         * @deprecated 2.5.0 Use 'term_link' instead.
         *
         * @param string $termlink Category link URL.
         * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
         */
        $termlink = apply_filters( 'category_link', $termlink, $term->term_id );
    }

    /**
     * Filters the term link.
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     *
     * @param string $termlink Term link URL.
     * @param object $term     Term object.
     * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy slug.
     */
    return apply_filters( 'term_link', $termlink, $term, $taxonomy );
}

/**
 * Display the taxonomies of a post with available options.
 *
 * This function can be used within the loop to display the taxonomies for a
 * post without specifying the Post ID. You can also use it outside the Loop to
 * display the taxonomies for a specific post.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param array $args {
 *     Arguments about which post to use and how to format the output. Shares all of the arguments
 *     supported by get_the_taxonomies(), in addition to the following.
 *
 *     @type  int|WP_Post $post   Post ID or object to get taxonomies of. Default current post.
 *     @type  string      $before Displays before the taxonomies. Default empty string.
 *     @type  string      $sep    Separates each taxonomy. Default is a space.
 *     @type  string      $after  Displays after the taxonomies. Default empty string.
 * }
 */
function the_taxonomies( $args = array() ) {
    $defaults = array(
        'post' => 0,
        'before' => '',
        'sep' => ' ',
        'after' => '',
    );

    $r = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

    echo $r['before'] . join( $r['sep'], get_the_taxonomies( $r['post'], $r ) ) . $r['after'];
}

/**
 * Retrieve all taxonomies associated with a post.
 *
 * This function can be used within the loop. It will also return an array of
 * the taxonomies with links to the taxonomy and name.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Optional. Post ID or WP_Post object. Default is global $post.
 * @param array $args {
 *     Optional. Arguments about how to format the list of taxonomies. Default empty array.
 *
 *     @type string $template      Template for displaying a taxonomy label and list of terms.
 *                                 Default is "Label: Terms."
 *     @type string $term_template Template for displaying a single term in the list. Default is the term name
 *                                 linked to its archive.
 * }
 * @return array List of taxonomies.
 */
function get_the_taxonomies( $post = 0, $args = array() ) {
    $post = get_post( $post );

    $args = wp_parse_args( $args, array(
        /* translators: %s: taxonomy label, %l: list of terms formatted as per $term_template */
        'template' => __( '%s: %l.' ),
        'term_template' => '<a href="%1$s">%2$s</a>',
    ) );

    $taxonomies = array();

    if ( ! $post ) {
        return $taxonomies;
    }

    foreach ( get_object_taxonomies( $post ) as $taxonomy ) {
        $t = (array) get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
        if ( empty( $t['label'] ) ) {
            $t['label'] = $taxonomy;
        }
        if ( empty( $t['args'] ) ) {
            $t['args'] = array();
        }
        if ( empty( $t['template'] ) ) {
            $t['template'] = $args['template'];
        }
        if ( empty( $t['term_template'] ) ) {
            $t['term_template'] = $args['term_template'];
        }

        $terms = get_object_term_cache( $post->ID, $taxonomy );
        if ( false === $terms ) {
            $terms = wp_get_object_terms( $post->ID, $taxonomy, $t['args'] );
        }
        $links = array();

        foreach ( $terms as $term ) {
            $links[] = wp_sprintf( $t['term_template'], esc_attr( get_term_link( $term ) ), $term->name );
        }
        if ( $links ) {
            $taxonomies[$taxonomy] = wp_sprintf( $t['template'], $t['label'], $links, $terms );
        }
    }
    return $taxonomies;
}

/**
 * Retrieve all taxonomies of a post with just the names.
 *
 * @since 2.5.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_Post $post Optional. Post ID or WP_Post object. Default is global $post.
 * @return array An array of all taxonomy names for the given post.
 */
function get_post_taxonomies( $post = 0 ) {
    $post = get_post( $post );

    return get_object_taxonomies($post);
}

/**
 * Determine if the given object is associated with any of the given terms.
 *
 * The given terms are checked against the object's terms' term_ids, names and slugs.
 * Terms given as integers will only be checked against the object's terms' term_ids.
 * If no terms are given, determines if object is associated with any terms in the given taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 2.7.0
 *
 * @param int              $object_id ID of the object (post ID, link ID, ...).
 * @param string           $taxonomy  Single taxonomy name.
 * @param int|string|array $terms     Optional. Term term_id, name, slug or array of said. Default null.
 * @return bool|WP_Error WP_Error on input error.
 */
function is_object_in_term( $object_id, $taxonomy, $terms = null ) {
    if ( !$object_id = (int) $object_id )
        return new WP_Error( 'invalid_object', __( 'Invalid object ID.' ) );

    $object_terms = get_object_term_cache( $object_id, $taxonomy );
    if ( false === $object_terms ) {
        $object_terms = wp_get_object_terms( $object_id, $taxonomy, array( 'update_term_meta_cache' => false ) );
        if ( is_wp_error( $object_terms ) ) {
            return $object_terms;
        }

        wp_cache_set( $object_id, wp_list_pluck( $object_terms, 'term_id' ), "{$taxonomy}_relationships" );
    }

    if ( is_wp_error( $object_terms ) )
        return $object_terms;
    if ( empty( $object_terms ) )
        return false;
    if ( empty( $terms ) )
        return ( !empty( $object_terms ) );

    $terms = (array) $terms;

    if ( $ints = array_filter( $terms, 'is_int' ) )
        $strs = array_diff( $terms, $ints );
    else
        $strs =& $terms;

    foreach ( $object_terms as $object_term ) {
        // If term is an int, check against term_ids only.
        if ( $ints && in_array( $object_term->term_id, $ints ) ) {
            return true;
        }

        if ( $strs ) {
            // Only check numeric strings against term_id, to avoid false matches due to type juggling.
            $numeric_strs = array_map( 'intval', array_filter( $strs, 'is_numeric' ) );
            if ( in_array( $object_term->term_id, $numeric_strs, true ) ) {
                return true;
            }

            if ( in_array( $object_term->name, $strs ) ) return true;
            if ( in_array( $object_term->slug, $strs ) ) return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/**
 * Determine if the given object type is associated with the given taxonomy.
 *
 * @since 3.0.0
 *
 * @param string $object_type Object type string.
 * @param string $taxonomy    Single taxonomy name.
 * @return bool True if object is associated with the taxonomy, otherwise false.
 */
function is_object_in_taxonomy( $object_type, $taxonomy ) {
    $taxonomies = get_object_taxonomies( $object_type );
    if ( empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    return in_array( $taxonomy, $taxonomies );
}

/**
 * Get an array of ancestor IDs for a given object.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 * @since 4.1.0 Introduced the `$resource_type` argument.
 *
 * @param int    $object_id     Optional. The ID of the object. Default 0.
 * @param string $object_type   Optional. The type of object for which we'll be retrieving
 *                              ancestors. Accepts a post type or a taxonomy name. Default empty.
 * @param string $resource_type Optional. Type of resource $object_type is. Accepts 'post_type'
 *                              or 'taxonomy'. Default empty.
 * @return array An array of ancestors from lowest to highest in the hierarchy.
 */
function get_ancestors( $object_id = 0, $object_type = '', $resource_type = '' ) {
    $object_id = (int) $object_id;

    $ancestors = array();

    if ( empty( $object_id ) ) {

        /** This filter is documented in wp-includes/taxonomy.php */
        return apply_filters( 'get_ancestors', $ancestors, $object_id, $object_type, $resource_type );
    }

    if ( ! $resource_type ) {
        if ( is_taxonomy_hierarchical( $object_type ) ) {
            $resource_type = 'taxonomy';
        } elseif ( post_type_exists( $object_type ) ) {
            $resource_type = 'post_type';
        }
    }

    if ( 'taxonomy' === $resource_type ) {
        $term = get_term($object_id, $object_type);
        while ( ! is_wp_error($term) && ! empty( $term->parent ) && ! in_array( $term->parent, $ancestors ) ) {
            $ancestors[] = (int) $term->parent;
            $term = get_term($term->parent, $object_type);
        }
    } elseif ( 'post_type' === $resource_type ) {
        $ancestors = get_post_ancestors($object_id);
    }

    /**
     * Filters a given object's ancestors.
     *
     * @since 3.1.0
     * @since 4.1.1 Introduced the `$resource_type` parameter.
     *
     * @param array  $ancestors     An array of object ancestors.
     * @param int    $object_id     Object ID.
     * @param string $object_type   Type of object.
     * @param string $resource_type Type of resource $object_type is.
     */
    return apply_filters( 'get_ancestors', $ancestors, $object_id, $object_type, $resource_type );
}

/**
 * Returns the term's parent's term_ID.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param int    $term_id  Term ID.
 * @param string $taxonomy Taxonomy name.
 * @return int|false False on error.
 */
function wp_get_term_taxonomy_parent_id( $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
    $term = get_term( $term_id, $taxonomy );
    if ( ! $term || is_wp_error( $term ) ) {
        return false;
    }
    return (int) $term->parent;
}

/**
 * Checks the given subset of the term hierarchy for hierarchy loops.
 * Prevents loops from forming and breaks those that it finds.
 *
 * Attached to the {@see 'wp_update_term_parent'} filter.
 *
 * @since 3.1.0
 *
 * @param int    $parent   `term_id` of the parent for the term we're checking.
 * @param int    $term_id  The term we're checking.
 * @param string $taxonomy The taxonomy of the term we're checking.
 *
 * @return int The new parent for the term.
 */
function wp_check_term_hierarchy_for_loops( $parent, $term_id, $taxonomy ) {
    // Nothing fancy here - bail
    if ( !$parent )
        return 0;

    // Can't be its own parent.
    if ( $parent == $term_id )
        return 0;

    // Now look for larger loops.
    if ( !$loop = wp_find_hierarchy_loop( 'wp_get_term_taxonomy_parent_id', $term_id, $parent, array( $taxonomy ) ) )
        return $parent; // No loop

    // Setting $parent to the given value causes a loop.
    if ( isset( $loop[$term_id] ) )
        return 0;

    // There's a loop, but it doesn't contain $term_id. Break the loop.
    foreach ( array_keys( $loop ) as $loop_member )
        wp_update_term( $loop_member, $taxonomy, array( 'parent' => 0 ) );

    return $parent;
}