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Tricks of the Windows Gam…ming Gurus (2nd Edition)
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overlap
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overlap.c
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C/C++ Source or Header
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1997-10-08
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445 lines
/******************************************************************************\
* Sample demonstrating use of Events in Overlapped (Asynchronous) I/O
*
* This code uses AcceptEx()
* YOU MUST HAVE SERVICE PACK 3 on NT 3.51 to use it !!!
*
* This is a part of the Microsoft Source Code Samples.
* Copyright 1996-1997 Microsoft Corporation.
* All rights reserved.
* This source code is only intended as a supplement to
* Microsoft Development Tools and/or WinHelp documentation.
* See these sources for detailed information regarding the
* Microsoft samples programs.
\******************************************************************************/
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <mswsock.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define DEFAULT_PORT 5001
#define MAX_IO_PEND 10 // maximum pending I/O requests
#define OP_READ 0x10
#define OP_WRITE 0x20
#define xmalloc(s) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(),HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,(s))
#define xfree(p) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(),0,(p))
//
// This structure keeps some useful information
//
typedef struct _socklist {
SOCKET sock;
OVERLAPPED *overlap;
char Buffer[128];
}Socklist;
int curr_size; //current number of handles we are intersted in
int DoWait(HANDLE *,Socklist *) ;
void HandleEvent(int , HANDLE *,Socklist *) ;
void Usage(char *progname) {
fprintf(stderr,"Usage\n%s -e [endpoint] -i [interface]\n",
progname);
fprintf(stderr,"Where:\n");
fprintf(stderr,"\tendpoint is the port to listen on\n");
fprintf(stderr,"\tinterface is the ipaddr (in dotted decimal notation)");
fprintf(stderr," to bind to\n");
fprintf(stderr,"Defaults are 5001 and INADDR_ANY\n");
WSACleanup();
exit(1);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char *interface= NULL;
char *Buffer = xmalloc(256);
unsigned short port=DEFAULT_PORT;
int i;
struct sockaddr_in local;
WSADATA wsaData;
SOCKET listen_socket, accept_sock;
OVERLAPPED *Overlap;
DWORD bytes_read;
DWORD lasterror;
//
// Handles is the array that stores the Event Handles
HANDLE Handles[MAX_IO_PEND] ;
//
// socklist is a parallel array that keeps state information for
// each Handle.
Socklist socklist[MAX_IO_PEND];
/* Parse arguments */
if (argc >1) {
for(i=1;i <argc;i++) {
if ( (argv[i][0] == '-') || (argv[i][0] == '/') ) {
switch(tolower(argv[i][1])) {
case 'i':
interface = argv[++i];
break;
case 'e':
port = atoi(argv[++i]);
break;
default:
Usage(argv[0]);
break;
}
}
else
Usage(argv[0]);
}
}
if (WSAStartup(0x202,&wsaData) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
fprintf(stderr,"WSAStartup failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
if (port == 0){
Usage(argv[0]);
}
local.sin_family = AF_INET;
local.sin_addr.s_addr = (!interface)?INADDR_ANY:inet_addr(interface);
/*
* Port MUST be in Network Byte Order
*/
local.sin_port = htons(port);
listen_socket = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); // TCP socket
if(listen_socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
fprintf(stderr,"socket() failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
if (bind(listen_socket,(struct sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(local) )
== SOCKET_ERROR) {
fprintf(stderr,"bind() failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
if (listen(listen_socket,5) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
fprintf(stderr,"listen() failed with error %d\n",WSAGetLastError());
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
printf("%s: Listening on port %d\n",argv[0],port);
//
// Add the listening socket to our state information for the handle.
//
socklist[0].sock = listen_socket;
curr_size =1;
for(i=1;i<MAX_IO_PEND;i++)
Handles[i] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
//
// The structure of the following loop is very similar to a situation
// where select() might be used.
// We use WaitForSingleObject to multiplex between incoming/outgoing
// data on existing connections.
//
// We don't queue an AcceptEx() until someone actually connects to
// the previous socket. This is to keep the code simple, not a limitation
// of the API itself.
while(1) {
// create a socket for AcceptEx()
accept_sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
//
// Allocate an overlapped structure.
// We use the Offset field to keep track of the socket handle
// we have accpeted a connection on, since there is no other
// way to pass information to GetOverlappedResult()
//
Overlap = xmalloc(sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
Overlap->Offset = accept_sock;
Overlap->hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL,
TRUE,//manual reset
FALSE, // initially non-signalled
NULL);
if (!Overlap->hEvent) {
fprintf(stderr,"CreateEvent failed %d\n",GetLastError());
return -1;
}
//
// Set the appropriate array members
//
Handles[0] = Overlap->hEvent;
socklist[0].overlap = Overlap;
// AcceptEx()
if (!AcceptEx(listen_socket,
accept_sock,
Buffer,
0, // read nothing from the socket
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) +16,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) +16,
&bytes_read,
Overlap)){
lasterror=WSAGetLastError();
if(lasterror!=ERROR_IO_PENDING){
fprintf(stderr,"acceptex failed %d\n",lasterror);
return -1;
}
}
//
// This loop simple checks the handles to see which one is
// signalled.
// If error, exit.
// If there is a new incoming connection, we break to the outer loop
// queue another AcceptEx()
//
while(1){
i = DoWait(Handles,socklist);
if (i<0)
break;
HandleEvent(i,Handles,socklist);
if (i ==0)
break;
};
if (i < 0)
return -1;
}
}
/*
* This is the main function that handles all the events occuring on the
* different handles we are watching.
*
* Parameters:
* index: Index into the Handles[] array. Returned by DoWait()
* Handles: Array of Event Handles we are watching
* socklist: Helper parallel array of state information
*
*/
void HandleEvent(int index, HANDLE *Handles,Socklist *socklist) {
OVERLAPPED *Overlap;
SOCKET newsock;
DWORD bytes,overlap_err=0,lasterr;
Overlap = socklist[index].overlap;
//
// Check the specified handle
//
// If a socket is closed by the other side, the error returned is
// ERROR_NETNAM_DELETED
//
if(!GetOverlappedResult(Handles[index], Overlap, &bytes, TRUE) ) {
fprintf(stderr,"GetOverlappedResult failed with error %d\n",
overlap_err=GetLastError());
if (overlap_err != ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED)
return;
}
newsock = Overlap->Offset;
//
// If the other side closed the connection, close our socket and
// move the last element of the Handles[] array into our
// index.
//
// The array compaction is done so that we only pass valid handles
// in the first "curr_size" elements of the array to
// WaitForMultipleObjects(). The function will fail otherwise.
// We should NEVER get this for our listening socket
if (index && overlap_err == ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED) {
closesocket(newsock);
xfree(Overlap);
Handles[index] = Handles[curr_size-1];
socklist[index] = socklist[curr_size-1];
curr_size--;
return;
}
if( (index ==0) ) { //listening socket
if (curr_size >= MAX_IO_PEND) {
fprintf(stderr,"Too many pending requests\n");
return;
}
//
// Get the event handle used to queue the AcceptEx(),
// and re-use it to queue a ReadFile on the socket.
//
Handles[curr_size] = Overlap->hEvent;
socklist[curr_size].overlap = Overlap;
//
// The OffsetHigh field is used to keep track of what we are doing.
// This enables us to alternate ReadFile and WriteFile on a
// connection
Overlap->OffsetHigh = OP_READ;
if (!ReadFile((HANDLE)newsock, socklist[curr_size].Buffer,
sizeof(socklist[curr_size].Buffer),
&bytes,
Overlap) ) {
lasterr = GetLastError();
// Handle ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED specially
// Other errors are Not Good
//
if (lasterr && lasterr != ERROR_IO_PENDING &&
lasterr != ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED ) {
fprintf(stderr,"Inital ReadFile failed %d\n");
return;
}
if (lasterr == ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED) {
closesocket(newsock);
xfree(Overlap);
Handles[index] = Handles[curr_size];
socklist[index] = socklist[curr_size];
curr_size--;
return;
}
}
//
// Increment the last valid handle location in the Handles
// array.
curr_size++;
return;
}
//
// This possibly indicates a closed socket.
//
if ( (bytes == 0 ) && (Overlap->OffsetHigh == OP_READ) ){
closesocket(newsock);
xfree(Overlap);
Handles[index] = Handles[curr_size];
socklist[index] = socklist[curr_size];
curr_size--;
return;
}
//
// If the previos operation was an OP_READ, queue WriteFile on the
// socket
//
if (Overlap->OffsetHigh == OP_READ) { // ReadFile was queued
printf("Read buffer [%s]\n",socklist[index].Buffer);
printf("Echoing back to client\n");
if (!WriteFile((HANDLE)newsock, socklist[index].Buffer,
sizeof(socklist[index].Buffer),
&bytes,
Overlap) ) {
lasterr = GetLastError();
if (lasterr && lasterr != ERROR_IO_PENDING &&
lasterr != ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED ) {
fprintf(stderr,"WriteFile failed %d\n");
ExitProcess(1);
}
if ( (lasterr == ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED) || (!lasterr)) {
closesocket(newsock);
xfree(Overlap);
Handles[index] = Handles[curr_size];
socklist[index] = socklist[curr_size];
curr_size--;
return;
}
}
Overlap->OffsetHigh = OP_WRITE;
return;
}
//
// If we had a WriteFile queued, now do a ReadFile
//
else if (Overlap->OffsetHigh == OP_WRITE) { // WriteFile was queued
printf("Wrote %d bytes\n",bytes);
printf("Queueing read\n");
if (!ReadFile((HANDLE)newsock, socklist[index].Buffer,
sizeof(socklist[index].Buffer),
&bytes,
Overlap) ) {
lasterr =GetLastError();
if (lasterr && lasterr != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
if (lasterr == ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED) {
closesocket(newsock);
xfree(Overlap);
Handles[index] = Handles[curr_size];
socklist[index] = socklist[curr_size];
curr_size--;
return;
}
fprintf(stderr,"ReadFile failed %d\n",GetLastError());
ExitProcess(1);
}
}
Overlap->OffsetHigh = OP_READ;
return;
}
else {
fprintf(stderr,"Unknown operation queued\n");
}
}
//
// This is the wait function used to keep track of events
//
int DoWait(HANDLE *Handles,Socklist *socklist ) {
DWORD wait_rc;
HANDLE hTemp;
Socklist socklTemp;
int i;
//
// Rotate the array, beginning at index 1, by one element.
// This ensures that all handles get a fair chance to be serviced.
//
// There is no way to detect how many handles were signalled when
// WaitForMultipleObjects() returns. We simply pick the first one and
// come back to this function later
// Without the rotation below, this has the potential for starving
// connections accepted later.
//
// Index 0 is avoided, since it is our listening socket.
//
for(i=1;i<curr_size-1;i++){
hTemp = Handles[i+1];
Handles[i+1] = Handles[i];
Handles[i] = hTemp;
socklTemp = socklist[i+1];
socklist[i+1] = socklist[i];
socklist[i] = socklTemp;
}
wait_rc = WaitForMultipleObjects(curr_size,Handles,FALSE,
INFINITE);
if (wait_rc == WAIT_FAILED) {
fprintf(stderr,"Wait failed Error %d\n",GetLastError());
return -1;
}
return (wait_rc - WAIT_OBJECT_0);
}