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1991-08-04
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SYNOPSIS
make [-f makefile] [-ins] [target(s) ...]
(Better than EON mk but not quite as good as UNIX make)
-f makefile name
-i ignore exit status
-n Pretend to make
-p Print all macros & targets
-q Question up-to-dateness of target. Return exit status 1 if not
-r Don't not use inbuilt rules
-s Make silently
-t Touch files instead of making them
-m Change memory requirements (EON only)
.........................................................................
make(1)
NAME
make - maintain program groups
SYNTAX
make [ -f makefile ] [ option ] ... file ...
DESCRIPTION
Make executes commands in makefile to update one or more
target names. Name is typically a program. If no -f option
is present, `makefile' and `Makefile' are tried in order.
If makefile is `-', the standard input is taken. More than
one -f option may appear
Make updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files
that have been modified since the target was last modified,
or if the target does not exist.
Makefile contains a sequence of entries that specify depen-
dencies. The first line of an entry is a blank-separated
list of targets, then a colon, then a list of prerequisite
files. Text following a semicolon, and all following lines
that begin with a tab, are shell commands to be executed to
update the target. If a name appears on the left of more
than one `colon' line, then it depends on all of the names
on the right of the colon on those lines, but only one com-
mand sequence may be specified for it. If a name appears on
a line with a double colon :: then the command sequence fol-
lowing that line is performed only if the name is out of
date with respect to the names to the right of the double
colon, and is not affected by other double colon lines on
which that name may appear.
Two special forms of a name are recognized. A name like
a(b) means the file named b stored in the archive named a. A
name like a((b)) means the file stored in archive a contain-
ing the entry point b.
Sharp and newline surround comments.
The following makefile says that `pgm' depends on two files
`a.o' and `b.o', and that they in turn depend on `.c' files
and a common file `incl'.
pgm: a.o b.o
cc a.o b.o -lm -o pgm
a.o: incl a.c
cc -c a.c
b.o: incl b.c
cc -c b.c
Makefile entries of the form
string1 = string2
are macro definitions. Subsequent appearances of $(string1)
or ${string1} are replaced by string2. If string1 is a sin-
gle character, the parentheses or braces are optional.
Make infers prerequisites for files for which makefile gives
no construction commands. For example, a `.c' file may be
inferred as prerequisite for a `.o' file and be compiled to
produce the `.o' file. Thus the preceding example can be
done more briefly:
pgm: a.o b.o
cc a.o b.o -lm -o pgm
a.o b.o: incl
Prerequisites are inferred according to selected suffixes
listed as the `prerequisites' for the special name `.SUF-
FIXES'; multiple lists accumulate; an empty list clears what
came before. Order is significant; the first possible name
for which both a file and a rule as described in the next
paragraph exist is inferred. The default list is
.SUFFIXES: .out .o .c .e .r .f .y .l .s .p
The rule to create a file with suffix s2 that depends on a
similarly named file with suffix s1 is specified as an entry
for the `target' s1s2. In such an entry, the special macro
$* stands for the target name with suffix deleted, $@ for
the full target name, $< for the complete list of prere-
quisites, and $? for the list of prerequisites that are out
of date. For example, a rule for making optimized `.o'
files from `.c' files is
.c.o: ; cc -c -O -o $@ $*.c
Certain macros are used by the default inference rules to
communicate optional arguments to any resulting compila-
tions. In particular, `CFLAGS' is used for cc(1) options,
`FFLAGS' for f77(1) options, `PFLAGS' for pc(1) options, and
`LFLAGS' and `YFLAGS' for lex and yacc(1) options. In addi-
tion, the macro `MFLAGS' is filled in with the initial com-
mand line options supplied to make. This simplifies main-
taining a hierarchy of makefiles as one may then invoke make
on makefiles in subdirectories and pass along useful options
such as -k.
Command lines are executed one at a time, each by its own
shell. A line is printed when it is executed unless the
special target `.SILENT' is in makefile, or the first char-
acter of the command is `@'.
Commands returning nonzero status (see intro(1)) cause make
to terminate unless the special target `.IGNORE' is in
makefile or the command begins with <tab><hyphen>.
Interrupt and quit cause the target to be deleted unless the
target is a directory or depends on the special name `.PRE-
CIOUS'.
Other options:
-i Equivalent to the special entry `.IGNORE:'.
-k When a command returns nonzero status, abandon work on
the current entry, but continue on branches that do not
depend on the current entry.
-n Trace and print, but do not execute the commands needed
to update the targets.
-t Touch, i.e. update the modified date of targets,
without executing any commands.
-r Equivalent to an initial special entry `.SUFFIXES:'
with no list.
-s Equivalent to the special entry `.SILENT:'.
FILES
makefile, Makefile
SEE ALSO
sh(1), touch(1), f77(1), pc(1)
S. I. Feldman Make - A Program for Maintaining Computer Pro-
grams
RESTRICTIONS
Some commands return nonzero status inappropriately. Use -i
to overcome the difficulty.
Commands that are directly executed by the shell, notably
cd(1), are ineffectual across newlines in make.