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1994-06-11
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CRYPTO 1.3
Copyright 1994 Kenneth A. Reek
All rights reserved.
Internet: kar@cs.rit.edu
SHAREWARE VERSION
WHAT IS CRYPTO?
---------------
CRYPTO is a Windows version of the popular Cryptogram puzzles often found
in puzzle books or the Sunday paper. CRYPTO will exercise your brain: you
will use your intuition and imagination while learning a little about the
English language, and you will read a lot of interesting, thought-provoking,
and sometimes downright funny quotes of famous, not-so-famous, and wishing-
they-hadn't-been-quoted people.
REGISTERING CRYPTO
------------------
CRYPTO is copyrighted software. It is not in the public domain, nor is it
distributed for free. The author retains all rights to this software.
CRYPTO is distributed as Shareware so you can try it out without risk to
see if you like it. Use it for two weeks. If you don't like it, simply
delete it and owe nothing. If you continue to use CRYPTO after the two
week trial period, you must register your copy. To do this, send US$10 to
the author:
Kenneth A. Reek
3090 Griffin Rd
Churchville, NY USA 14428-9512
For your convenience, the file REGISTER.TXT is included: it contains a
registration form that you may use.
CompuServe users may also register the program by typing GO SWREG and
selecting registration ID #2317.
Registered users of CRYPTO will receive and be automatically registered
for the next major revision of the program free of charge. Features being
considered for the next version include scoring for multiple players, and a
memory to prevent selection of quotes you've already solved. Registered
users may also call or write for information on the latest revision, to
report bugs, and make suggestions or other comments about CRYPTO. I am
particularly interested in your ideas for making CRYPTO a better game.
DISCLAIMER
----------
CRYPTO is supplied as is. The author disclaims any and all warranties,
expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of merchant-
ability and of fitness for any purpose. The author assumes no liabilities
for any damages, direct or consequential, which may result from the use
of CRYPTO. (For heaven's sake, it's only a game!)
INSTALLING CRYPTO
-----------------
Installation is easy. First, you must unpack the archive file containing
the distribution (if you're reading this, you have done that already). You
should have the following files:
crypto.exe executable Windows program
crypto.qot quote/phrase file
crypto.txt the file you are reading now
register.txt registration form
bwcc.dll Borland C++ support routines
Copy the files "crypto.exe" and "crypto.qot" to any directory you wish;
they must reside in the same directory. Bwcc.dll may be put in this same
directory or the windows\system directory. To start CRYPTO, open the File
Manager, display the directory containing "crypto.exe". Now double-click
your mouse on "crypto.exe", or use File|Run and enter the command "crypto".
Should you decide to register CRYPTO, you may wish to add it to one of the
groups in the Program Manager. Here is how that is done:
1) Open the group to which you have chosen to add CRYPTO.
2) Select File|New from the Program Manager.
3) Verify that the box which appears says "New Program Item", and
click OK.
4) Enter the following values:
Description: CRYPTO!
Command Line: crypto.exe
Working Directory: (the directory where you put crypto.exe
and crypto.qot)
5) Click the OK button.
Now CRYPTO can be started merely by double-clicking its icon in the group
to which you added it.
HOW TO PLAY THE GAME
--------------------
The following sections describe what cryptograms are, how the game is
played, and how you go about finding the solution for a cryptogram puzzle.
WHAT IS A CRYPTOGRAM?
---------------------
A cryptogram is an ordinary phrase or quote. What makes it interesting is
that it has been disguised by changing its letters. For example, all of the
A's may have been changed to Q's, all of the B's to W's, etc. Text that has
been disguised in this manner is called "ciphertext." The original text of
the phrase is called "plaintext."
OBJECT OF THE GAME
------------------
A cryptogram is solved by guessing which plaintext character each cipher-
text character stands for. When you have gotten them all, you will see
the original phrase.
PLAYING THE CRYPTO GAME
-----------------------
When CRYPTO is running the screen is divided into two windows. The left
window contains the ciphertext; this is shown in red.** The right window
shows two things: first is a list of the plaintext letters that have not yet
been chosen, shown in blue. The right window also shows the number of
times each ciphertext character appears.
** Note: these are the default colors. You can change to other colors if
you prefer. See below for details.
To make a guess, point to a ciphertext (red) character with the mouse and
click the left mouse button. (You can point to a ciphertext character in
either window.) The character you have chosen will turn black everywhere it
appears in the phrase. Now point to the plaintext (blue) character you
think it stands for and click the left mouse button again. This plaintext
character is now shown over every occurrance of the ciphertext character in
the cryptogram. If you wish, you can select the plaintext character first,
then the ciphertext character.
As you guess more and more plaintext characters, you should begin to be able
to read the quote; if what you see doesn't make any sense, then you may have
made some wrong guesses. If you wish to undo a guess, simply point the mouse
at the ciphertext or plaintext character you wish to undo and click the
right mouse button. Also, if you have selected the wrong plaintext
character (or the wrong ciphertext character, if you select that one first),
clicking the right mouse button will erase it.
If you can't get started, try getting a hint from the Hint menu. Hint|Big
tells you the plaintext letter for the most often used ciphertext char-
acter. The next big hint exposes the next most often used ciphertext, and
so on. Little hints expose the least often used ciphertext. At any time
during the game, Hint|Confirm can be used to verify whether or not your
guesses so far are correct. Hint|Undo Error will identify and undo one
incorrect guess, or tell you if there are none. Finally, Hint|Solve Puzzle
does just that.
STRATEGY
--------
The letter frequencies are one key to solving cryptograms. While different
authorities will list them in slightly different orders, the most commonly
used letters in ordinary English text are E, T, O, A, N, I, R, S, and H.
It is likely, then, that the ciphertext letters which appear most often
stand for these letters, but there is no guarantee: try them in various
orders and see what you get.
Letter frequencies are not the only thing, however: you can also look at
the ciphertext for clues. For example, there are only two English words
that are one letter long, "a" and "I." If you see a one letter word in the
ciphertext, it must be one of these. If it is not capitalized, it must be
an "a." Contractions, three letter words which appear over and over (e.g.
"the", "and") and punctuation also provide clues. But watch out for
abbreviations and other unusual text.
After selecting a plaintext letter, look throughout the phrase and see if it
makes sense everywhere it appears. For example, if you find that your
selection has created a two-letter word in which both letters are vowels,
something is obviously wrong.
WINNING
-------
For all practical purposes, the game is over when you can read the quote or
phrase. Technically, though, you haven't won until you finish it on the
screen, so CRYPTO won't admit that you have won until you actually mark all
of the plaintext characters correctly. In fact, placing the last letters
on the screen will sometimes show that the quote was not quite what you
thought it was.
Casual or beginning users will use hints to solve the cryptogram. Purists
will refuse to use any of the hints, and will consider a game lost if they
have to undo any guesses. You should play CRYPTO in whatever manner you
enjoy the most.
CHANGING SCREEN COLORS
----------------------
To customize the colors to your liking, choose the Game|Change Colors
menu entry. You will be shown a menu of six different things whose colors
can be changed. Select one of them and click OK, then select the desired
color. Note that only solid colors (not the dithered representations) may
be chosen; for reference, the "Custom Colors" section shows all the valid
solid colors. Then click OK. The menu of things to change will reappear;
you can select another one, or click CANCEL when you are satisfied with
the colors. Your colors will be saved and continue to be used when you
run CRYPTO in the future.
Thank you for trying out CRYPTO, and I hope you enjoy it. Remember to
register the program if you wish to use it past the trial period!
K. Reek, 6/11/94