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Professional Power Cadd Computer Aided Design and Drafting Copyright (C) 1992 by Professional Power Cadd, Inc. ProCadd Operating Manual Version 6.5.0w Please Address All Correspondence To: Professional Power Cadd Development Group Post Office Box 24967 New Orleans, LA 70184-4967 Voice and FAX : (504) 394-9557 BBS : (504) 393-8664 Voice lines are staffed Monday thru Friday 8AM - 5PM CDT BBS and FAX transmission will be received all hours. BBS support will be responded to by the end of the following business day. Personalized customer support as well as updates and news will be posted for all registered users. All responses will be posted on the board. Registered users, please log on with your program Serial Number in order to assign you proper access. For non-registered users, limited support as well as sales information is available on the board. TABLE OF CONTENTS ----------------- License Agreement ........................................ 9 1.0 Introduction ......................................... 12 2.0 System Requirements .................................. 14 2.1 Minimum Requirements ............................. 14 2.2 Recommended Hardware ............................. 14 2.3 Hardware Notes ................................... 14 3.0 Installation ......................................... 16 4.0 Getting Started - Quick Start ........................ 18 4.1 Execution ........................................ 18 4.2 Direct Execution ................................. 18 4.3 Special Features ................................. 18 4.31 On Line Help 4.32 Shell to DOS 4.33 Status Command 4.34 Play Command 4.35 Icon for Windows 4.4 Program Notes .................................... 19 5.0 Basic Concepts ....................................... 21 5.1 Look and Feel of ProCadd ......................... 21 5.2 Drawing and Drawing Area ......................... 22 5.3 Elements and Entities ............................ 23 5.4 Displayable Attributes ........................... 23 5.5 Active Drawing Files ............................. 23 5.6 Input Devices .................................... 24 6.0 Facilities ........................................... 25 6.1 Position Facilities .............................. 25 6.11 Picking A Point ............................... 25 6.111 Keyboard 6.112 Mouse or Light Pen ProCadd Operations Manual Page 1 6.12 Picking A Point - Geometrically ............... 27 6.121 Last Point 6.122 Grid On/Off 6.123 Align 6.124 Circle Center 6.125 Midpoint 6.126 Intersect 6.127 Direction and Distance 6.128 Ports 6.129 Hold 6.2 Distance Facilities .............................. 32 6.21 Numeric Entry 6.22 Point Location 6.23 Geometric Interpretation 6.3 Direction Facilities ............................. 33 6.31 Numeric Entry 6.32 Rose Selection 6.33 Point Location 6.34 Geometric Interpretation 6.4 Metric Program Operation ......................... 34 7.0 Drawing Functions .................................... 36 7.1 Line Drawing Functions ........................... 36 7.101 All Directions Parameter 7.102 Four Directions Limit Parameter 7.103 Eight Directions Limit Parameter 7.104 Isometric Line Limit Parameter 7.105 Tangent To Parameter 7.11 Point to Point Defined Lines 7.12 Slope and Point Defined Lines 7.13 Chain Line Creation 7.14 Modify Existing Lines Line 7.15 Modify One End of Existing Lines 7.16 Trim Existing Line 7.17 Break Line Into Segments 7.2 Rectangle Drawing Functions ...................... 40 7.21 Point to Point Defined Rectangles ProCadd Operations Manual Page 2 7.22 Center and Point Defined Rectangles 7.23 Concentric Rectangles 7.3 Circle Drawing Functions ......................... 42 7.31 Circle .......................................... 42 7.311 Center and Point Defined Circles 7.312 Point and Center Circle Definition 7.313 Concentric Circles 7.314 Three Points Perimeter Defined Circles 7.315 Radius, Point and Point Defined Circles 7.316 Tangent and Tangent Defined Circles 7.32 Arc ........................................... 46 7.321 Three points Defined Arcs 7.322 Radius, Point and Point Defined Arcs 7.323 Tangent and Tangent Defined Arcs 7.33 Modify Existing Arcs .......................... 48 7.4 Window On The Drawing ............................ 48 7.41 Set the Size of the Window Viewing Area 7.42 Set the Boundaries of the Window Viewing Area 7.43 Reload the Drawing 7.44 Layer Control 7.45 Window View Locator 7.451 Window View Locator Panning ....... 51 8.0 Drawing Utilities .................................... 53 8.1 Move Function .................................... 53 8.11 Move Entities or Groups ....................... 53 8.111 Bring Others Along 8.112 Extend Existing Lines 8.113 Reconnect Lines 8.12 Plumb Aligned Movement ........................ 55 8.13 Level Aligned Movement ........................ 55 8.2 Copy Entities or Groups .......................... 56 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 3 8.21 Move the Copy ................................. 56 8.211 Repeat the Copy 8.212 Repeat the Copy by Count 8.213 Repeat the Copy Distance 8.214 Copy Other Entities 8.22 Rotate Entities ............................... 58 8.221 Repeat the Rotation 8.222 Repeat Count the Rotation by Count 8.223 Repeat Angle Limit 8.224 Copy Other Elements 8.23 Copy to Form an Array ......................... 59 8.3 Grouping of Elements - Temporary Groups .......... 60 8.31 Select the Elements for the Group 8.32 Deselect the Elements for the Group 8.33 Select All for the Group 8.34 Deselect All of the Group 8.4 Combine - Permanent Groups ....................... 62 8.41 Combine Elements for the Group 8.411 Add To The Group 8.42 Separate Elements from the Group 8.5 Dimension ........................................ 63 8.501 Accept the Dimension as Specified 8.502 Cancel the Dimension Definition 8.503 Move the Dimension Arrow and Label 8.504 Move the Label 8.505 Internal/External Arrow Orientation 8.506 Text Size Equals Parameter 8.507 Arrow Size Equals Parameter 8.508 Feet/Inches Shown 8.509 Resolution Equals ProCadd Operations Manual Page 4 8.51 Parallel Dimension Measurement 8.52 Horizontal Component Measurement 8.53 Vertical Component Measurement 8.54 Angular Dimension Measurement 8.55 Radial Dimension Measurement 8.56 Dimension Label Modification 8.57 Arc Length Circumfrential Measurement 8.6 Text Creation and Edition ........................ 68 8.61 Inserting Text 8.611 Real/Fast Text Mode 8.612 Size Equals Parameter 8.613 Rotation Equals Parameter 8.614 Spacing Equals Parameter 8.615 Left/Center/Right Text Justification 8.616 Font Equals Parameter 8.617 Normal, Bold, Italics and Underlined Text 8.62 Moving Text 8.7 Sectioning An Area ............................... 70 8.71 Entity, Element and Point Defined 8.72 Draw Section Lines - Cancel All/Last 8.73 Direction and Distance Defined 8.8 Deleting Entities ................................ 72 9.0 Special Drawing Functions ............................ 73 9.1 Rotating Entities ................................ 73 9.11 Rotation Angle 9.12 Mirror Axis 9.2 Scaling the Drawing .............................. 75 9.3 Translating An Entity ............................ 75 9.31 Scaling Ratio Definition 9.32 Rotation Angle Parameter 9.33 Mirror Angle Axis Definition 9.34 Drag Box/All 9.4 Displayable Attributes ........................... 77 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 5 9.41 Enquire About Existing Attributes 9.42 Set Layer Location 9.43 Set Width Definition 9.44 Set Line Structure 9.45 Set Color of Lines 9.46 Set All Attributes 9.5 Ellipse Drawing Function ......................... 80 9.51 Ellipse 9.511 Center and Point Defined 9.512 Center, Ratio and Rotation Defined 9.52 Concentric Ellipses 9.53 Elliptic Arcs 9.54 Modifying Ellipses 9.6 Spline Drawing Function .......................... 84 9.61 New Spline Creation 9.62 Adding Points to Splines 9.63 Deleting Spline Points 9.64 Moving Spline Points 9.65 Defining Endpoint Slopes 9.7 Fillet Drawing Function .......................... 87 9.8 Ports On Entities ................................ 88 10.0 Utilities ........................................... 90 10.1 Drawing File Maintenance ......................... 90 10.101 Drawing File Sorting 10.102 Finding a Drawing 10.103 Drawing Display Filter 10.104 Location Path Display 10.105 File Name Display 10.106 Drawing Number 10.107 Drawing Revision Number 10.108 Drawing Description 10.11 New Drawings 10.12 Drawing Retrieval 10.13 Combining Drawings ProCadd Operations Manual Page 6 10.14 Drawing Storage 10.15 Deleting Drawings 10.16 Creating Drawing Directories 10.17 Deleting Drawing Directories 10.2 Plotting Drawings ................................ 95 10.21 Pen Color Selection 10.22 Line Structure Selection 10.23 Line Widths Selection 10.24 Drawing Scales 10.25 Paper Size and Orientation 10.26 Plotter Selection 10.27 Plot Size 10.28 Plot Margins 10.3 Drawing Set Up ................................... 100 10.31 Setting Drawing Scales 10.32 Setting Drawing Grid Origins 10.4 Exiting ProCadd .................................. 101 11.0 Symbols and Symbol Files ............................ 102 11.1 Symbols .......................................... 102 11.11 Entering Symbols 11.12 Creating Symbols 11.13 Deleting Symbols 11.14 Deleting a Page of Symbols 11.15 Deleting All Symbols in a File 11.2 Symbol Files ..................................... 106 11.21 Getting a Symbol Set 11.22 Combining Symbol Sets 11.23 Saving a Symbol Set 11.24 Deleting a Symbol File 11.25 Creating a Symbol Directory 11.26 Deleting a Symbol Directory 12.0 Parts Library ....................................... 111 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 7 12.1 Standard Parts ................................... 111 12.11 Getting a Part 12.12 Combing Parts into a Drawing 12.13 Saving a Part 12.14 Deleting a Part File 12.15 Creating a Parts Directory 12.16 Deleting a Parts Directory Index of Key Words ....................................... 117 APPENDIXES A - Function Key Index ................................ 121 B - Font Definition ................................... 122 D - Parameter File Definitions ....................... 124 E - Plotter Device Driver Definitions ................. 140 F - Troubleshooting ................................... 145 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 8 COPYRIGHT (C) 1992 Professional Power Cadd Inc. All Rights Reserved. LICENSE AGREEMENT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DISCLAIMER ~~~~~~~~~~ THIS INFORMATION IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR ENDORSEMENTS REGARDING THE USE OF, THE RESULTS OF, OR PERFORMANCE OF THE INFORMATION, ITS APPROPRIATENESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, OR CORRECTNESS. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT WILL PROFESSIONAL POWER CADD INC., PROFESSIONAL POWER CADD DEVELOPMENT GROUP, OR IT'S EMPLOYEES BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL, RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE INFORMATION. BY USING PROFESSIONAL POWER CADD, YOU HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS DISCLAIMER SHALL SUPERSEDE ANY VERBAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENT TO THE CONTRARY. IF YOU DO NOT ACCEPT THESE TERMS, YOU MUST CEASE AND DESIST USING THIS PRODUCT IMMEDIATELY. Terms of This Agreement ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Your use of this package indicates your acceptance of the following terms and conditions: 1. Copyright: These programs and the related documentation are copyright Professional Power Cadd Inc. You may not use, copy, modify, or transfer the programs, documentation, or any copy except as expressly provided in this agreement. 2. License: You have the non-exclusive right to use any enclosed program only on a single computer at a time. You may load the program into your computers temporary memory (RAM). You may physically transfer the program from one computer to another, provided that the program is used on only one computer at a time. You may not distribute copies of the complete package or the accompanying documentation to others. You may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, modify, ProCadd Operations Manual Page 9 or translate the program or the documentation. You may not attempt to unlock or bypass any copy protection utilized with the program. You may distribute the installation program, along with the unpacking program, as long as its intended use is to install an application other then itself, on a users machine. You may not remove any copyright notice. All other rights and uses not specifically granted in this license are reserved by Professional Power Cadd Inc. 3. Back-up and Transfer: You may make one (1) copy of the program solely for back-up purposes. You must reproduce and include the copyright notice on the back-up copy. You may transfer the product to another party only if the other party agrees to the terms and conditions of this agreement and completes and returns a registration card to ProCadd Development Group. If you transfer the program you must at the same time transfer the documentation and back-up copy or transfer the documentation and destroy the back-up copy. 4. Terms: This license is effective until terminated. You may use ProCadd for a trial period of thirty days at no cost to you to determine if it fits your needs. If you decide to use Procadd regularly you are expected to register it and pay the applicable registration fee. Individual copies of the unregistered version of this program may be given to your friends and associates for the same thirty day free trial period. You may terminate this agreement by destroying the program, the documentation and copies thereof. This license will also terminate if you fail to comply with any terms or conditions of this agreement. You agree upon such termination to destroy all copies of the program and of the documentation. The shareware concept ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Shareware is copyrighted software which is distributed by authors through bulletin boards, on-line services, disk vendors, and copies passed among friends. It is commercial software that you are allowed to try before you pay for it. This makes shareware the ultimate in money back guarantees. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 10 Most money back guarantees work like this: you pay for the product and then have some period of time to try it out and see whether or not you like it. If you don't like it or find that it doesn't do that you need, you return it and you get your money back. Some software companies won't even let you try their product, since to qualify for a refund, the diskette envelope must have an unbroken seal. With shareware you get to try it for a reasonable limited time (like 30 days), without spending a penny. You are able to use the software on your own system(s), in your own special work environment, with no sales people looking over your shoulder. If you decide not to continue using it, you throw it away and forget all about it. There is no paperwork, no phone calls, and no correspondence to waste your valuable time. You only pay for it if you continue to use it. Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. Shareware is produced by accomplished programmers, just like retail software. There is good and bad shareware, just as there is good and bad retail software. The primary difference between shareware and retail software is that with shareware you know if it's good or bad before you pay for it. You benefit because you get to use the software to determine whether it meets your needs, before you pay for it. The shareware system and the continued availability of quality shareware products depend on your willingness to register and pay for the shareware you use. It's the registration fees you pay which allow us to support and continue to develop our products. Please show your support for shareware by registering those programs you actually use and by passing them on to others. Shareware is kept alive by your support! What do I get when I register? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you like ProCadd and you choose to use it, you must register it. You are not allowed to keep, use, ProCadd unless you register. When you register, we send the latest version of the package. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 11 1.0 INTRODUCTION **************** Professional Power Cadd is a computer aided design and drafting software system introduced as a user tailored program written specifically for the engineer, architect, designer, draftsman, or novice user. Professional Power Cadd is the most powerful, easiest to use Cadd program available today. Professional Power Cadd was originally developed to fill a need that was unfulfillable by any other program. As is common today, a majority of Cadd programs are slow, clumsy and complicated. As the years have gone by and customer demands have increased, the traditional packages have added on to the existing program's foundation making their packages top heavy, bulky and loosely footed. In 1985, when no commercial Cadd program with the power and versatility that a successful business required was available, the author of Professional Power Cadd set out to fill that need for his own operations. His primary goal was the development of a package that was above all else, simple to use. ProCadd requires NO SCHOOLING whatsoever. Within a few short minutes the novice user can begin to draw basic elements which would take days or weeks to learn how to draw on other programs. ProCadd's registered version 7.0.0 is compatible with most graphics programs including Corel Draw 3.0. Corel can directly import ProCadd drawings and manipulate them to wrap, stretch, graphically accentuate or add 3D. Version 7.0.0 includes the Corel Draw 3.0 interface. ProCadd is menu driven to allow the operator to utilize many functions without having to memorize complex codes and commands. ProCadd allows the user to use a piece of paper as large or as small as is needed and in Real World Coordinates, allowing the user to enter elements and dimensions as they are or would be. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 12 The overwhelming strengths of ProCadd lie in it's logical, straightforward approaches to the art of drafting and design. ProCadd, however, deceives with it's power and versatility. The highly precise Floating Point Format allows the user to maintain an accuracy level beyond any other Cadd program today. SafeSave triple protects your work against sudden or mistaken loss. We will begin by stressing the basic concepts by which the operator relates to ProCadd. Basic reference terminology like "element" and "entity" are important along with understanding of the "drawing area" and the "active drawing". All will be emphasized. The concepts of facilities, of which there are several, such as position facilities and direction facilities are the most important. These assist the operator in locating points throughout the ProCadd environment or specifically the environment created by the operator by the application of entities within the drawing. We will discuss Windows within the environment, focusing on certain parts of the drawing and scales as well. With a basic understanding of these operating parameters, ProCadd becomes an instrument by which the operator can create. We will then proceed to drawing functions such as line and circle followed by a series of utilities from copy to delete. Next, descriptions of enhanced drawing functions, including ellipse and fillet will be provided. Finally special utilities and libraries will be discussed. If at any time you wish assistance, technical staff will be pleased to help by simply contacting our ProCadd BBS via computer modem. The responses to your questions will be posted on the board for you to pick up by the end of the following business day at 5:00 p.m. CDT USA. If you require voice assistance, you may contact our sales offices at (504) 394-9557. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 13 2.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS *********************** 2.1 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS 1. PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 3.3 or higher. 2. IBM 80286, 80386 or 80486 or 100% compatible. 3. 640K Bytes of memory. 4. Video: CGA, EGA, VGA or better. 5. Microsoft Mouse or compatible. 6. Hard Disk Drive with 2 megabyte free. 2.2 RECOMMENDED HARDWARE (Not Required) 1. 80386 100% compatible or better 2. VGA or better 3. 640K plus 1 megabyte expanded. 2.3 HARDWARE NOTES 1. ProCadd will automatically use all expanded and extended memory available as a swap area for overlays. This speeds up overlay swapping, i.e. switching functions. 2. ProCadd utilizes an auto detect fall back sequence which automatically senses your video capabilities beginning at VGA and falls back as far as CGA as necessary. If you desire, however, ProCadd can support up to VESA standard 1280 x 1024. If it is necessary to fallback to CGA or EGA display types, the program's drawing area will be substantially reduced. For information on setting ProCadd to display other resolutions, see the Parameter File Definitions, Appendix D. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 14 3. ProCadd uses a temporary location as a video swapping area. In order to speed up ProCadd's display building process ,you may wish to set up a ram drive and target your tmp files to it. This should speed things up considerably. See your DOS manual about setting up the ram drive. The common syntax is "device=[path to DOS]\ramdrive.sys [memory allocation] /e". See the Parameter File Definitions section of your manual for specifics about directing the tmp files to the ram drive. Since the ram drive would be used for video switching which is only a representation of the drawing and the drawing files are stored on your hard disk, your drawings are not vulnerable to power loss affecting the ram drive. 4. Another use for the ram drive, thereby speeding up the program, is to target the entity or active files to be switched to and from the ram drive. This is dangerous, however, making the integrity of your work subject to power loss and requiring unprompted saving of your drawings and symbol files prior to turning off your computer or they will not be stored. If you wish to use a ram drive as a temporary storage and working directory for the active file, you can direct this file to that location by the following methods. a. To use the entity file, ent.ses on ram drive f: and load a drawing, my.dwg from the directory d:\dwgs, do so as follows: C> cad d:\dwgs\my.dwg f:ent.ses b. Specify in your parameters file as specified in Appendix D a parameter as follows where the ram drive is f: entfile=f:\ ProCadd Operations Manual Page 15 3.0 INSTALLATION **************** By reading this document we assume that you've downloaded and un compressed the ProCadd program and related files. In order to install the program, type "install" at the location of the program files. The install routine will create a program directory in the drive where it currently resides along will several related sub directories as required for program operation. These are: \CAD650 - parent - program, help, document, and related files \CAD650\session - sub directory - parameters, entity files \CAD650\drawings - sub directory - default drawing storage area \CAD650\symbols - sub directory - default symbols storage area \CAD650\stdparts - sub directory - default parts storage area \CAD650\plotters - sub directory - plotter driver selection location \CAD650\fonts - sub directory - font selection location The \drawings sub directory will contain several sample drawings which you are free display and modify for testing purposes. The \symbols directory contains symbol sets for trial purposes. We encourage you to register ProCadd and have several levels at which you can do so. Please review "1st_info.txt" for ordering information. Upon installing ProCadd, the procedure will inform you that the program will be set up in a \CAD650 directory and will prompt you to "press any key to continue". If you choose not to continue, press "CTRL-C" to abort. Once the installation is complete, proceed to your new \CAD650 directory and type "procad" to start the program. The default program is with a black background. If you prefer a white background, refer to "params.txt" or Appendix D of the ProCadd Operations Manual for alternate color schemes. As a result of installing ProCadd, you,ve been given a number of files including the program, drawing files, symbol files, session files, help files, plotter drivers, fonts and various documents as described below. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 16 1. cadmanul.txt - ProCadd Operations Manual text file The manual formed in popular word processor formats is available on the ProCadd BBS. 2. relnotes.txt - The Release Notes document includes product information including update information. 3. 1st_info.txt - This document contains price and ordering information. 4. params.txt - This document is a description of the available custom program options as can be inserted in the Parameters File. This information is also available in Appendix D of the ProCadd Oprerations Manual. As a matter of interest we have listed below the file by file contents of these dirctories so that verification of completness can be ascertained. \CAD650 \drawings \session \fonts cad.exe sampelec.dwg dnm.ses f0.s 1st_info.txt sampfil.dwg ent.ses f1.s cad.ico samphous.dwg kotek3 f1.w caddstar.phd samplay.dwg kotek4 cadmanul.txt sampsen.dwg params params.txt samptxt.dwg sp.ses phdr.exe sym.ses procad.bat mary3 relnotes.txt mary4 install.txt \plotters \symbols \stdparts hi electsym.sym <empty> hp mecansym.sym pr sp ProCadd Operations Manual Page 17 4.0 GETTING STARTED0 ******************* 4.1 EXECUTION To begin ProCadd, enter the \CAD650 directory or any other as you have specified upon installation where your ProCadd program files are located, and type "procad". The program will start and the active drawing will load which is the drawing present when ProCadd was last exited. 4.2 DIRECT EXECUTION 1. To execute ProCadd and instruct the program to go directly to a specific drawing use the following execution string. [procad path] procad [drawing.extension] 2. Another method of loading a drawing file directly into the program upon execution is to specify that drawing in the "cadfile=" parameter as explained in Appendix D - Parameters File. 4.3 SPECIAL FEATURES 4.31 HELP At any time while in ProCadd, On Line Help is available to the user complete with all major function descriptions as well as a handy function key assignment table upon entering. To enter the help sections click on the Help option at any menu or press "Ctrl-F1". When entering the Help menus, the program will remain resident in order to facilitate a speedy transfer to and from the Help menus. If however, your system is too over burdened with resident operations, ProCadd will notify you an unload before bringing up the Help menu. Upon exiting the help section, ProCadd will automatically reload. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 18 Once at the Help menu, double click on the highlighted menu item of interest and help on the appropriate topic will appear. Note: If you need assistance in tidying up your operating system and minimizing your resident requirements so that the Help files will run resident, please refer to APPENDIX _. 4.32 SHELL TO DOS ProCadd will shell to DOS while remaining resident as a convenience to the operator. At any time the user can type "EXIT" and ProCadd will return. Shell to DOS by typing "Ctrl-F2". 4.33 STATUS Press "Ctrl-F3" while anywhere within the program and ProCadd's Status will display at the bottom of the screen. The program name will display followed by the release and version number. Then the serial number of your program will appear and finally will be the available base memory. 4.34 PLAY Pressing "Ctrl-F3" will also play a sample of the system prompts as described and defined in the parameters file. See APPENDIX D - Parameter File Definitions for an explanation. 4.35 ICON FOR WINDOWS Along with your program files you'll find a file named "cad.ico" to be used as your Windows icon if desired. 4.4 PROGRAM NOTES 1. The SafeSave feature of ProCadd takes every step possible to ensure that your work is not lost. At any given time your drawing can be saved or residing in as many as four places. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 19 Your current Active Drawing which resides in memory is periodically and unbeknownst to the user updated to what's called the Entity File which is named specifically "ent.ses" and is default kept in your \SESSION directory. When you save your drawing in your \DRAWINGS directory, the Entity File is copied in it's current status to a place and file name as directed. If the file name already exists, then the file being overwritten is renamed to [filename].bak. So as you operate within ProCadd and Create your drawing and save it periodically it will reside in memory, as a entity file, in your storage directory, and as a previous version in the form of a ".bak" file. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 20 5.0 BASIC CONCEPTS ****************** 5.1 LOOK AND FEEL The layout of the ProCadd screen is highlighted by a large drawing "Window" on an unlimited drawing area. To the right or left, as your install parameters file determines, there is a menu section. At the initial or main menu there are thirty menu functions represented by a brief describing word or phrase. These main functions can be invoked by pointing and clicking or by function key. These functions are grouped in sets of four. The first twelve are keyboard selected by "F1" through "F12" and the second twelve are selected by "Shift-F1" through "Shift F-12". The next six are keyboard selected by "Ctrl-F1" through "Ctrl-F6". After selecting the appropriate function, a function subset is displayed in the menu section. The entered main function being displayed, and highlighted on the top, is followed by a set of appropriate sub functions which are in turn followed by sub function parameters which when asked for have an accenting asterisk before them. Beneath the sub function parameters are attributes which relate to the appearance of the elements of the drawing. And below these is a window status area which locates the window within the drawing as well as identifying the current scale. Finally, there are facilities options, which when invoked prompt appropriate system requests or assists. To return to the main menu, click on the highlighted menu title or press "ESC". Below the drawing area is also a status bar which will notify the operator when ProCadd is working. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 21 5.2 DRAWING AND DRAWING AREA ProCadd uses a Real World Coordinate system enabling the user to draw it as it is or will be and not concern himself with scaling to fit and since ProCadd provides an unlimited amount of space for your work you may use as much or as little as you choose anywhere within the drawing area. The size of the drawing that you are creating has no effect on the portion of the drawing that you are currently viewing. When in a one to one magnification mode, the screen representation is actually real size. (If not see Appendix D) Since ProCadd's drawing area is unlimited, for drawing composition purposes, there is no need for scaling. ProCadd simply zooms in or falls back on the drawing as required. The portion that is being viewed is a window on the drawing. The WINDOW may be positioned anywhere you choose. Zooming in on your drawing is the same as moving the WINDOW closer to the drawing or zooming in so that you will see less of the picture but a larger, more detailed image. (See WINDOW - Section 7.4) Conversely scaling down shows a larger segment of the drawing but with smaller depictions. It is important to remember that the image on the screen is a representation of the drawing and not the actual drawing itself. It can never be as accurate as the plot. In order to increase the speed of updating the image that you see, some approximations are made in displaying certain elements. Circles may appear segmented, but when they plot, they will be the true circles that they represent. In addition, points may not always appear exactly positioned as they have been placed. If a point is required at the intersection of two entities, the operator must first remember that each element is a separate entity and they only appear to connect. When attempting to point and click on the intersection, ProCadd will either attach a position to one or the other element. When the drawing is plotted the point may not be exactly at the desired position. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 22 In this case the "Intersect" position facility should be used so that ProCadd will understand that the intersection is desired. If properly coordinated using this and other later described locating methods, the points will print as required. 5.3 ELEMENTS AND ENTITIES An element is a basic drawing unit. Examples of elements may be line, circle, spline, etc. These basic units are the building blocks of a drawing. An entity is a set of elements that act as a single item. When more than one entity or elements are combined together using the "GROUP" drawing function the resulting entity will act as a single subject. This Grouped entity is temporary. If a permanent grouping is desired then the Combine function should be used. (See COMBINE - Section 8.4) The entity can be copied, moved rotated or deleted as a unit. The "GROUP" function will be discussed later as a drawing function. (See GROUP - Section 8.3) 5.4 DISPLAYABLE ATTRIBUTES Displayable Attributes allow you to select the Color, Layer, Line Structure, and Width of the elements you are drawing. These attributes may be changed at any time that the menu section displays their status. Once set, everything drawn will have the current attributes until changed again. (See ATTRIBUTES - Section 9.4) 5.5 ACTIVE DRAWING If you retrieve a drawing from the "Drawing Library" or create a new drawing, this drawing becomes the "Active Drawing" as displayed on the screen. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 23 The Active Drawing is worked with in a special utility section of ProCadd until it is time for storage at which a new name or revision will have to be assigned so that the original version can remain intact. ProCadd will not allow a drawing to overwrite an existing drawing in the "Drawing Library" without first warning the operator. Then when the save is confirmed, ProCadd will take the original and rename the extension as XXXX.bak. If there was previously a same named "bak" file, it then will be lost. Another invaluable feature of ProCadd automatically loads the Active Drawing upon entering ProCadd. When the system was exited last the current Active Drawing was saved in the utility files section of ProCadd and will remain as "Active" status until it is replaced with another drawing. 5.6 INPUT DEVICE An input device is quite simply the operator's method of communicating with ProCadd. The input devices available to the user are: 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Light Pen The input device can directly select a point in free space or establish a position on an existing entity or element. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 24 6.0 FACILITIES ************** Facilities are tools described as methods by which the operator functions within the ProCadd environment. These basic methods of movement and positioning enable user specific action creating the desired depiction with ease. All drawing functions within ProCadd use some of these in order to facilitate use. 6.1 POSITION FACILITIES Position is established at any point on the drawing area by means of an Input Device or by using such an input device to allow ProCadd to select a precise location geometrically relative to some point, points, elements, or entities as identified by the operator. 6.11 PICKING A POINT - CURSOR MOVEMENT > 6.111 KEYBOARD - The four point arrow keys on the keyboard allow cursor movement in vertical or horizontal directions, vertical movement or Y axis movement by keying the up or down arrows and similarly horizontal movement along the right to left X axis through the right and left arrow keys. Unless otherwise specified pressing the right arrow key will move the cursor one unit of measure to the right which is also unless otherwise specified 1 unit as recognized by ProCadd. These units are either inches or centimeters depending on the user preference as is set in the Parameters File. This variable is discussed in Appendix D. If the number key "2" is pressed prior to the arrow, the cursor will move 2 units in whichever direction specified relative to the previous location. Likewise if we enter numerically 5.25 then the right arrow key, the cursor will move 5 and 1/4 units toward the right from its previous location. This location may be off the screen as you view it but it is a part of the now enlarged drawing area. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 25 Throughout ProCadd, distances, dimensions and coordinates can be listed in feet, feet/inch, decimal numeric or any combination thereof. For instance, five feet and three and one half inches can be expressed in the following formats: 1. 5' 3.5" 5. 63.5" 2. 5' 3.5 6. 63.5 3. 5' 3 1/2 7. 63 1/2 4. 5.25' 1/2" Notice that the second, third, sixth and seventh options have not been listed with inch specific notation. This is because when in the U.S. type foot/inch format, ProCadd's Real World Grid Coordinate system defaults to one inch spacing. Note that if the Metric option is specified in your parameters file as discussed in the parameters appendix, the default spacing will be one centimeter. In this case, unqualified length entries will be interpreted as centimeters. The user can however qualify the length by specifying mm, cm, dm, m or km. If your keyboard does not have arrow keys, then a position relative to the current one can be attained by typing the distance and direction. For instance typing ".2" followed by "D" and "X" sends the cursor 2 tenths of a unit to the right. Entering "-.2DX" sends the cursor to the left. Numerical entry followed by "DY" similarly controls vertical movement. Note that a position need not be established on screen. ProCadd will act identically with regard to keyboard positioning and Real World Coordinates regardless of the current view location on the drawing area. Specific positioning can also be attained by entering "X" and "Y" coordinates. Entering coordinates 0-X,0-Y locates the cursor at the origin of the imaginary grid on the drawing area. (See Section 10.32 to reset the Origin) Similarly 1-X,1-Y will locate the cursor 1 unit above and 1 unit to the right of the origin. Negative digit entry will locate points below or to the left of the Origin. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 26 Once any of these locations is achieved as desired a click of the enter key will establish that point for use. > 6.112 MOUSE OR LIGHT PEN - Since a mouse will be most commonly used this writing we will refer to it instead of a light pen or other similar device. The mouse can locate points or identify entities by simply pointing and establishing the position with a click of the left button. The mouse would most commonly be used to pick a point on or existing entities as ProCadd will choose the closest point on the element or an endpoint if possible when the mouse is clicked near that element. Note: If a point is desired near to but not on a nearby entity, the cursor location can be held and established by first locating with mouse action and then establishing the point with the enter key on the keyboard. The mouse can position freely within the drawing as viewed but if a point off screen is desired and is to be located by mouse, then the window scale must be adjusted for a broader view or the screen can be panned to that location. (See Window Panning - Section 7.451) 6.12 PICKING A POINT - GEOMETRICALLY The position facilities of ProCadd will, upon request, allow points to be defined based on certain useful rules of geometry as applied to existing entities. At the bottom of the drawing function menus there are subsets of facility options such as midpoint, circle center, and intersection. These facility options are accessed by either pointing the mouse and clicking on the desired tool or by striking the keyboard key representing the first letter of the option (i.e., the letter "m" selects "midpoint"). Also included are logical position assistance features such as "last point" and grid overlays. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 27 In the following you will find descriptions of sequences required in identifying the elements properly so that ProCadd can establish the desired point. > 6.121 LAST POINT - This option when selected prompts ProCadd to re-establish the point which was last defined. If for instance, after constructing a line, you wish to begin another element by identifying it first by a point where the line left off, the selection of "last point" will establish that point as the first step in construction of the new element. > 6.122 GRID ON/OFF - The option "Grid" is a toggle on, toggle off feature. When on, this option invokes a limited grid around the cursor in the form of patterned dots to assist the operator in locating points or assessing position. These dots will follow the cursor about the drawing until the option is toggled off. The spacing option of the grid function will alter the spacing between the dots of the grid. Pressing the letter "S" while the grid is toggled on or selecting it with the mouse will prompt a distance request for space between the dots. If the exact distance is known, then keying in a number followed by "enter" will specify the distance. However, ProCadd can identify a distance through one of the other distance facilities at the bottom of the menu section. Selecting "line length" followed by the selection of an element of the drawing will establish grid sectioning equivalent to that length. Similarly, "arc length" and "radius" will section the grid equal to those distances as specified. If the grid spacing distance measurement is entered naked without any qualifying unit of measure, it will be assumed that inches are intended when in U.S. mode and in the case of metric mode centimeters are understood. The "origin", or center of the grid follows the cursor around in a precise manner as determined by the spacing option setting and the position coordinates. In other words if the spacing option is set at one inch, the grid will follow the cursor around, jumping in one inch increments and aligned with the real X and Y coordinates as tracked by ProCadd. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 28 The grid can be centered to any point as desired by using the "origin" option. Simply pressing the letter "O" followed by a new origin selected with an input device are all that is required to realign the grid as to pass through the new origin. The spacing is very important to the use of the grid option because when invoked, the only available points of attachment are on the grid points. It works like a distance limiter with the defined distances being multiples of the grid spacing. > 6.123 ALIGN - Selection of this item will establish a position based on the vertical and horizontal extension of specified X and Y coordinates. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Pick the menu item "align." POS -> Step 2. Specify an X coordinate through which a real or imaginary vertical line will pass. POS -> Step 3. Specify using an input device a Y coordinate through which the imaginary horizontal component will pass. A position point will then appear at the point of alignment. > 6.124 CIRCLE CENTER - This menu item is used to precisely locate the center of circular elements such as arcs, ellipses, circles or an imaginary circle.* When requiring this center use the following sequence: Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Pick the menu item "CIR CEN" or press the letter "C." POS -> Step 2. Select the entity within which the center is to be located. Note: Do not select an endpoint of an arc. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 29 POS -> Step 2* In the case of an imaginary circle, first the points are required through which an imaginary circle would pass. Identify these three with the first being other than a circular element. > 6.125 MIDPOINT - This menu item positions a point midway on a line or between two points.* Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select "MIDPOINT" or the letter "M." POS -> Step 2. Select the line element from which a midpoint is to be established or both ends of the line. When ProCadd does not recognize the final point as an element, it will wait for the operator to select a second point. POS -> Step 2* Specify two points the first of which is other than on a line. > 6.126 INTERSECT - The menu item "INTERSECT" will find the intersection of any two elements. If more than one intersection is found, the intersection closest to the points selected will be used. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "INTERSECT" menu item or "I." POS -> Step 2. Pick a point on the first element in the equation other than its endpoint. If a point other than the endpoint is selected then a second point on that element is required in order to complete identification of that element. POS -> Step 3. Pick the second element similar to the way the first was selected in step 2. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 30 An exact intersection will be produced. Note that two points in free space can be selected and the vector of the an imaginary line between them will be used as either the first or the second element to which an intersection will be found. > 6.127 DIRECTION AND DISTANCE - When selecting the menu item "DIR/DIST" you are allowed to identify a point which is a specific direction and distance relative to a known point of origin, or "LAST POINT." Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "DIR/DIST" menu item or press "D." A small square will appear at the last defined point to indicate the origin of the function. DIR -> Step 2. Specify a direction using the direction facilities. Click on a point on the compass rose, specify a degree heading, or select an element of an angle to match. A line will appear showing the direction. DIST-> Step 3. Specify a distance. Unless qualified with a specific unit of measure, the value entered as distance will be understood as inches when in U.S. mode and centimeters when in metric mode. This locates a point relative to the origin in a known direction and at a known distance. > 6.128 PORTS - This item is a toggle on and toggle off menu item. When ports are specified on a drawing, the ports are the only points which can be selected as points of attachment on the elements to which they are assigned.. In order to deselect this port lock, the menu item "PORTS ON" should be selected and it will toggle to "PORTS OFF" notifying the operator of the new status. Any point on the ported entity can now be selected. (See PORTS - Section 9.8) > 6.129 HOLD - The "HOLD" menu item allows the operator to use a point without defining it as a step in some routine. It helps ProCadd Operations Manual Page 31 when specifying points of origin such as the one required when using "DIR/DIST." Select "HOLD" on the menu or "H" and follow with a point then this point becomes the last point and not a step in some routine to follow. 6.2 DISTANCE FACILITY The term Distance Facilities describes the methods available to the ProCadd operator enabling him to specify lengths or distances as required. There are several ways to specify distance. 6.21 NUMERIC ENTRY If the exact distance is known then it can be numerically entered. The distance can be entered as an expression of feet, feet/inches, inches, millimeters, centimeters, decimeters, meters or kilometers. See Section 6.111 for distance entry methods. Note that while in metric mode, qualified entry will be correctly understood by ProCadd. In other words, when in U.S. standard mode, a naked entry of 1 is considered as 1 inch. A qualified entry of 1 cm while in U.S mode would be considered 1 centimeter as intended. 6.22 POINT LOCATION At any time a Distance entry is required, the user may wish to indicate that distance as a relation to some area of the drawing. The operator can therefore locate two points in succession on the drawing and ProCadd Cadd will use the distance between the points as the distance desired in the function where the request was made. 6.23 GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION Use the set of geometric distance functions through which ProCadd will determine a value. These appear at the bottom of the menu section when a distance request is made. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 32 They are as follows: > 6.221 LINE LENGTH - Selecting "LINE LENGTH" or typing "L" on the keyboard to be followed by the selection of a linear element will interpret the distance request as the length of the element selected. > 6.222 ARC LENGTH - Selecting the ARC LENGTH" or typing "A" followed by specifying a circular element will interpret the distance request as the circumference of the element. > 6.223 RADIUS - Selecting "RADIUS" or "R" followed by referencing a circular element will specify the radius of the element as the distance entry. 6.3 DIRECTION FACILITY Direction Facilities are methods available to the ProCadd operator used to specify direction. Unless otherwise specified, as we will discuss, the angle represents a inclining slope beginning with 0 degrees, which indicates a direction to the right as viewed. Progressively increasing, the degree rotates the heading counter-clockwise. Similarly 90 degrees would be up and 270 degrees would be down. There are several Direction Facilities available to the user. These are as follows: 6.31 If a direction is known it can be typed in directly from the keyboard in either degrees, minutes, seconds; or decimal degrees. After the angle value is input, press the "enter" key to accept. 6.32 Common values can be specified at 30, 45, and 60 degree increments by clicking on the compass rose at the bottom of the menu section when a direction request is made. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 33 6.33 Two points can be randomly specified and the direction from the first point to the second point as relative to zero degrees right will be used. 6.34 An existing element can also be used. If an element is specified then its direction will be used. Remember that a vertical line may have been created in a 90 degree direction or a 270 degree direction. These methods can be used in combination as well. If for instance, a direction is needed 90 degrees as related to an element, or perpendicular, the following sequence would apply. First type in 90, but do not press "enter." Then specify the element to which the new direction will be perpendicular, by entry of two points on the element. Upon the establishment of the second, a vector as requested will appear from the previous point. 6.4 METRIC PROGRAM OPERATION The standard base unit upon which the ProCadd program operates is an inch, however, the program will default to one centimeter if desired. In the Parameters File there is a parameter named "user_units=". This variable setting determines the default mode of operation and the format which the drawing files are stored. Refer to Appendix D for parameter definitions and settings. When in metric mode, the unit of measure as moved on the drawing and used by the Distance Facilities is one centimeter. Similar to the way directional movement is conducted, the Real World Coordinate System is metric scaled. If distance entries are, however, defined as inches with "in" or tickmarks, these identifiers will override the current status mode of the program. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 34 Similarly, while in U.S. mode, entries identified with metric notations i.e. cm, mm, km, etc... will be recognized accordingly. This is very useful when environments require combined usage of both measurement standards in the same drawing. There are several areas of the program effected by metric operation. These include: Distance Facilities Dimension Functions Grid Option Fillet Drawing Function Circle Drawing Function Text Insert/Editing Plot/Print Function Window Ellipse In each of these portions of the manual metric alternate operation will be mentioned. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 35 7.0 DRAWING FUNCTIONS ********************* The basic elements of the drawing are created by use of DRAWING FUNCTIONS. Use of the Drawing Functions in this section will require extensive use of the facilities described in Section 6 so reference will be helpful. 7.1 LINE From the main function selection menu, the operator can request Line functions by either pointing and clicking on the menu item "LINE" or by pressing "F1". The Line sub-menu follows. This menu is made up of the seven Line sub functions listed at the top. Following the sub functions are a set of sub function parameters which limit the directions of the lines being created. An asterisk toggled on upon selection invokes the limit. > 7.101 ALL DIRECTIONS When creating lines this parameter when selected allows the user to define lines in any direction. > 7.102 FOUR DIRECTIONS The Four Directions parameter limits the creation of lines to 0, 90, 180 and 270 degree directions. > 7.103 EIGHT DIRECTIONS The Eight Directions parameter limits creation of lines to 45 degree spaced directions beginning at zero degrees. > 7.104 ISOMETRIC The Isometric parameter option will limit directions to six different directions which help the operator when using perspective view angles to portray depth. These angles are 30, 90, 150, 210, 270 and 330 degrees. > 7.105 TANGENT TO The Tangent To option when used directs the line being created to a point Tangent To a circle or arc. When defining the line, assign one end to a circle or an arc. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 36 Beneath the parameters are Displayable Attributes which determine the color, width, structure and layer of the element. (See Attributes - Section 9.4) Also on the menu is the Window status area. Note that at any time, the operator can go directly to the Window menu by clicking on the window outline and return by pressing "F1." (See Window - Section 7.4) Finally at the bottom of the menu section there are facility selections. 7.11 LINE - POINT/POINT This sub-function allows lines to be drawn by specifying two endpoints. Position Facilities are used to define these points. Note that if the Four Directions parameter is selected, that the line can only be created in a vertical or horizontal direction. Likewise if the Eight Direction parameter is selected then only lines at 45 degree increments can be drawn. The Tangent To option mandates that the line created will connect tangent to a circle or arc if one of the endpoints selected is located on the circle. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Point/Point menu item (unless already selected, this one is default) POS -> Step 2. Locate the first point. POS -> Step 3. Locate the second point and upon acceptance of the second point a line will be placed between them. Note that while positioning the second point, an indicating ghost line will appear where the line would be to assist the operator in placement. 7.12 LINE - SLOPE/POINT This sub-function allows the creation of a line at a given ProCadd Operations Manual Page 37 slope which will intersect a point as specified and extend the extent of the screen only. These lines are generally used as construction guidelines which are later either deleted or modified. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Slope/Point menu item (if not already selected from previous operation). DIR -> Step 2. Specify a slope degree by clicking on the slope request and specifying a direction either by numeric entry or rose selection. POS -> Step 3. Identify the point through which the line will travel. Note that a ghost line appears, to assist the operator in placement of the line. 7.13 LINE - CHAIN LINE The Chain Line is identical to the Point/Point line except that the final point of each segment of the line serves immediately as the first point of the next extension of the Chain Line. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Chain Line menu item. POS -> Step 2. Position the first point of the first segment of the Chain Line. POS -> Step 3. Position the second point of the segment. A ghost line will guide you. This point will serve as the first point of the following element. POS -> Step 4. Repeat Step 3 until the chain is complete. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 38 7.14 LINE - MODIFY The Modify sub-function changes both end points of a line without changing the slope or relative location of the line. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Modify sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Specify the line element to be modified by selection of any point on the line. This location on the element is not important. POS -> Step 3. Locate one new endpoint on the line selected. The end of the existing line that is closest to this point will move to this point when the line is re drawn.. POS -> Step 4. Select a new endpoint for the other end of the line. Upon this selection, the line will be re drawn. 7.15 LINE - MODIFY ONE END The Modify One End sub-function allows for the modification of only one end of a line. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Modify One End sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Select the line to be modified by locating a point on the element closer to the end to be modified than to the other end. POS -> Step 3. Specify the new endpoint. The line will be re drawn upon this selection. 7.16 LINE - TRIM The Trim sub function allows the user to trim a line to a specific point or element. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 39 Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Trim sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select a point or an element to which the line will be trimmed to. POS -> Step 3. Select the line to be modified. The end of the line toward which it's identifying point lies will be trimmed to the point as specified in Step 2. POS -> Step 4. If Step 2 is an element and multiple intersecting lines are to be trimmed then repeat Step 3 until all lines are trimmed. 7.17 LINE - BREAK LINE The Break Line sub-function allows the operator to break a line into segments. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Break Line sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Select the line element to be segmented by locating a point anywhere on the line. POS -> Step 3. Select a point on the line where the break is to begin. POS -> Step 4. Select a point on the line where the break is to end. It is important to note that even though the line has been broken into segments, it still will act as a single entity. If the operator wishes to separate the segments into separate elements then the Separate command must be used. (See Separate - Section 8.42) 7.2 RECTANGLE The rectangle function allows for the creation of rectangles as single elements. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 40 From the Main Function selection menu click on "RECTANGLE" or press the "F2" key. The Rectangle sub menu is made up of three Rectangle sub functions. Beneath the sub-function selection menu are the standard Attributes selections, Window status area, and facilities selections. 7.21 RECTANGLE - POINT/POINT This Rectangle sub-function allows creation of rectangles when the operator supplies diagonally opposed corner points. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Point/Point sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Locate the point designating the first corner of the rectangle. POS -> Step 3. A ghost rectangle will follow the cursor movements proposing the element's shape as you then proceed to locate the second corner. Once the second point is selected, the rectangle will be drawn. 7.22 RECTANGLE - CENTER/POINT This Rectangle sub-function assists the operator in elementary creation of a rectangle by specifying a center point along with one corner. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Center/Point sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a center point position. POS -> Step 3. Locate the corner position. Notice that as before, the ghost follows cursor movement until the final position is established, at which time, the permanent rectangle is drawn. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 41 7.23 RECTANGLE - CONCENTRIC The Concentric sub-function allows for creation of multiple elements with the same center. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Concentric sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Identify a point as the center. POS -> Step 3. Locate a corner point for the initial concentric rectangle. Again a ghost element will follow. POS -> Step 4. Repeat Step 3 by locating subsequent corner points until all concentric rectangles have been placed as desired. 7.3 CIRCLE There are three options within the Circle function group. These are Circle/Circle; Circle/Arc; and Circle/Modify. Listed below the three main options on the Circle menu are the Circle sub functions. Following the sub functions is a Tangent To parameter and then the customary attributes section, the window status section, and finally the facilities tools options. Each option in turn has a set of appropriate sub-functions. Access the Circle option menu by clicking on "CIRCLE" or pressing the "F3" key. 7.31 CIRCLE/CIRCLE In order to make use of the Circle/Circle set of sub functions, click on the Circle option. As asterisk will appear directly before the option indicating it's selected status. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 42 If while using one of the Circle/Circle sub functions, the Tangent To parameter is selected by clicking on it, the perimeter of the circle will be established based on the selection of a point on the element which the circle will be tangent to. > 7.311 CIRCLE/CIRCLE-CENTER/POINT This sub option is used to create circles by establishing a center point followed by a point through which the perimeter will intersect. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Center/Point sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a point to be used as the center of the circle. POS -> Step 3. Locate a perimeter point through which the circle will be drawn. Note that the ghost follows until the perimeter point is established in the form of a circle or a square depending on the main program parameter setup. > 7.312 CIRCLE/CIRCLE-POINT/CENTER This Point/Center sub- function operates similar to the previous Center/Point sub- function with the only difference being that the perimeter point is specified first and followed by the center point. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Point/Center sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Locate the perimeter point as required. POS -> Step 3. Locate the center point as desired. Note that when the center is established and the circle is drawn, if the Tangent To parameter is selected and the perimeter point is located on another element, then the perimeter point and radius will be adjusted so that the circle is tangent to the element. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 43 > 7.313 CIRCLE/CIRCLE-CONCENTRIC The Circle/Concentric sub- function is used for making multiple circular elements with the same center by locating multiple perimeter locations. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Circle/Concentric sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Locate the center as desired for the concentric circles. POS -> Step 3. Establish a point for the desired perimeter upon which the circle will be drawn. POS -> Step 4. Locate a point for the second concentric circle and repeat as many times as are circles required. > 7.314 CIRCLE/CIRCLE- 3 POINTS This sub-function allows circles to be drawn by selecting three points to be on the perimeter of the proposed circle. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Circle/3 Points sub-function. POS -> Step 2. Locate the first point on the perimeter of the circle you wish to draw. POS -> Step 3. Locate a second point on the perimeter of the circle you wish to draw. POS -> Step 4. Locate the final point on the perimeter of the circle you wish to draw and upon that entry, the circle will appear. If the three points are collinear, no point will be drawn. > 7.315 CIRCLE/CIRCLE-RAD/POINT/POINT This sub function assists the operator in creating a circle by specifying a radial dimension followed by two points to be on the perimeter of the circle being drawn. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 44 Notice that upon selection of the Rad/Point/Point menu item that the standard position request facility subset of options at the bottom of the menu disappears and a set of three distance request facility options appears. This distance input is requested as the first portion of the element construction. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Rad/Point/Point menu item. DIST-> Step 2. Specify a distance to be considered as the radius of the circle to be drawn. You may numerically input a value or use one of the distance assists at the bottom of the menu selection. POS -> Step 3. Choose a point which will be the first perimeter point of the circle being drawn. POS -> Step 4. Locate the second perimeter point through which the circle will intersect. Upon selection of this element the circle will appear. Note that if the distance between the perimeter points is greater than twice the radial measurement, no circle will be drawn. > 7.316 CIRCLE-CIRCLE-TANGENT/TANGENT This Circle/Tangent/Tangent sub function assists the operator in the creation of circles while specifying tangency to two separate entities. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Tangent/Tangent sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select the first element to which the circle to be drawn will be tangent to. The Circle will be tangent to this element at this point. POS -> Step 3. Select the second element to which the circle will be tangent to. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 45 Upon the second selection, the circle will be drawn. Note that the circle's diameter will be determined by the location of the first point on the element to which the circle being drawn is tangent to. 7.32 CIRCLE-ARC The ARC set of sub functions enables the operator to draw arcs in a variety of ways. There are three Arc sub functions that appear when the Arc option is selected. Keep in mind that arcs are always defined in a counter- clockwise direction. > 7.321 CIRCLE-ARC-3 POINTS The Arc/3 Points sub function creates arcs by specifying three points. The arc will begin at the first point, end at the second point and pass through the third point. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Arc/3 Points sub function. POS -> Step 2. Position a point to be the beginning of the desired arc. POS -> Step 3. Establish a point to be the end of the desired arc. POS -> Step 4. Select the final point on the circumference through which the arc will pass. Since the arc will always draw in a counter-clockwise direction, a first point positioned on the left followed by a second point on the right will indicate an arc downward. On the other hand an arc defined by a first point on the right and followed by a second point on the left will draw an upward arc. > 7.322 CIRCLE-ARC-RAD/POINT/POINT The Arc/Rad/Point/Point sub function allows the user to define an arc by specifying a radius followed by a beginning point and then an ending point. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 46 Procedure ========= -> Step 1: Select the Arc/Rad/Point/Point sub function. DIST-> Step 2: Enter a radial measurement using the keyboard or one of the distance tools that appear at the bottom of the menu section as the distance definition which is required. POS -> Step 3: Establish the point to be used as the starting point of the arc to be drawn. POS -> Step 4: Locate the ending point for the arc to be drawn. Upon selection of the final point, the arc will appear. Note that the order of which the two arc end points are entered is important. The arc will begin at the first point and draw towards the second, radiating counter-clockwise until reaching the second. The order of entry therefore determines to which side of the endpoints points the arc will lie. > 7.323 CIRCLE-ARC-TANGENT/TANGENT This Arc/Tangent/Tangent sub function will draw arcs as required tangent two separate entities. When selecting the Tangent/Tangent option of the Arc sub function, a clockwise/counter-clockwise toggling option appears. For this Tangent/Tangent option the user can define the arc in a clockwise fashion if desired. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Arc/Tangent/Tangent sub function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a starting point on an entity to which the arc will be tangent. POS -> Step 3. Locate the ending point on an entity to which the arc will be tangent. Upon establishment of the final point, an arc will be drawn. If tangency is not possible as defined, no arc will be drawn. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 47 7.33 CIRCLE-CIRCLE-MODIFY The Modify option within the Circle function is used to modify existing circles and arcs. As was during their creation, the new endpoints must be specified on a counter-clockwise basis. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Modify sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select the element to be modified. The position of the selection point is irrelevant as long as it is not an endpoint. POS -> Step 3. Position a point to be the new beginning point of the circle or arc being modified. POS -> Step 4. Select a position point for the new ending point of the circle or arc being modified. After establishment of the final ending point, the element will be re-drawn. 7.4 WINDOW The WINDOW features allow the operator to select the viewed portion of the drawing that is being worked on. Portions of the drawing can be zoomed in on and this enlarged portrait can pan across the full drawing as desired. The Window menu selection subset can be entered in three ways. First would be to click on the "WINDOW" feature of the main menu selection area. Window can also be entered by pressing "F4" at any point. Finally, if the operator is currently in one the drawing function menus he can click on the rectangular outline of the drawing area referred to as the Window View Locator in the window status section of the menu. This will take the user directly to the Window menu. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 48 The Window sub function menu features two options being Set Size and Set Bounds. Beneath these on the menu is the Reload function. Beneath the Reload option are the Layer control functions. Following these Layer options are the Window View Locator and scale adjustments and finally below that is the facility request area. 7.41 WINDOW-SET SIZE The Set Size sub function of the Window menu is used to adjust the viewed area of the drawing screen to view a specifically sized view of the drawing. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Set Size sub function. DIST-> Step 2. Pick a distance by using one of the distance facility options at the bottom of the menu section and following with the selection of the appropriate element or just entering a value via the keyboard. Once a distance is specified, the screen will adjust to a magnification factor where the horizontal dimension of the viewed area is as requested. 7.42 WINDOW-SET BOUNDS The Set Bounds sub function of the Window menu is used to specify a window viewing boundary as desired. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Set Bounds sub function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a point to be one diagonally positioned corner point for the new boundary as desired. POS -> Step 3. Locate a point to be the opposite corner of the new viewing screen boundary. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 49 Upon establishment of the final corner, the screen will be readjusted. Notice that as the second point is being positioned a ghost sample of the result will follow. 7.43 WINDOW-RELOAD The Reload option redraws the current drawing thereby including any changes. If for instance, a Layer is toggled off, the elements included in that layer will not disappear until the drawing is reloaded. The Reload function is invoked by clicking on the word "RELOAD" at the Window menu or at any point in ProCadd by pressing "CTRL-R". 7.44 WINDOW-LAYER CONTROL This section of the menu controls the selection of Layers applicable to the current drawing. Layers can be used to assign viewing status to different parts of a drawing. An operator may for instance draw the basic structure of a building on layer one. The electrical schemes may be on layer two. The plumbing could be on layer three. Perhaps the foundation plan would be on layer four. Descriptions, notes, or lists of materials might be on layer five. Generally users will develop their own standard set of layer designations. There are 120 layers available to be used or not used as desired. The first option of the Layer set of options is "ALL ON/OFF". Clicking on the "ON" portion of the phrase will turn all layers on. Likewise clicking on the "OFF" portion of the phrase will conversely turn them all off. The next items "+10/-10" control the layers shown in the menu section. Clicking on "+10" ascends the layer grouping by ten and likewise the "-10" descends the layer grouping. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 50 The listed group of ten layers can be selectively toggled on or off by clicking on the individual layer thereby toggling it to an active status. Note that when layer status is changed, it will not effect the view of the drawing until it is reloaded by clicking on the above "RELOAD" or pressing the combination "CTRL-R". 7.45 WINDOW-VIEW LOCATOR The Window View Locator shows you the location and relative size of the view you are currently using relative to the entire drawing. The locator is two rectangles, the outside rectangle shows the size of the full drawing while the inside rectangle shows the position of drawing that you are currently viewing. The current window scale is listed below the window view locator. If the full drawing is on screen the window view locator will appear as one rectangle. A list of scale changes are displayed around the window view locator. These numbers represent a scaling factor that will be applied to the current status. The values range from "8" (an 8x zoom in) to "1/8" (an 1/8 zoom out). Selecting any one of these will cause the drawing to be reloaded and the viewed portion of the drawing to be rescaled. Remember that throughout all window functions the drawing is not being changed, only the viewing window on the drawing. When a large drawing is currently being displayed and several scaling changes are required, the loading can be stopped and the next step effected immediately without waiting for the entire drawing to appear. Pressing any key or clicking on a function will cause the reload to cease and the system will wait for your next request. > 7.451 WINDOW-VIEW LOCATOR-PANNING Panning is a term used to describe the process of stepping across the drawing with the viewed screen. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 51 While in the Window function and not utilizing one of the sub functions, if a point is established at a location on the drawing, the drawing will then be reloaded with that point as the center of the screen. So if a sequence of points were to be established at the right side of the screen, the view will be reloaded at each request and each load will pan to the right as compared with the previous representation. Likewise the view can pan up, down, left or diagonally. Again, as it was when scaling the view, upon each reload, the process can be stopped by pressing a key or clicking on a function. The next pan can then be selected without waiting for the previous image to finish. This is most helpful when large or complicated drawings are being manipulated. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 52 8.0 DRAWING UTILITIES ********************** This set of eight utilities is geared toward identification, duplication and manipulation of existing elements or entities on drawings. 8.1 MOVE The Move function allows for the repositioning of entities within a drawing. The MOVE function can be invoked by clicking on the word "MOVE" or pressing the "F5" key. The Move function has three Move sub functions. 8.11 MOVE-MOVE The Move sub function allows for the movement of entities to other positions in a drawing. These movements are limited as necessary by three parameters. An asterisk toggled on, next to the ALL DIRECTIONS parameter, or the X ONLY parameter, or the Y ONLY parameter, will limit movement as indicated. When selected by positioning a point on an entity, the entity will follow the cursor in the same relative alignment to the point until the new position point is located. If multiple elements or entities are to be moved they can be moved as a unit by Grouping them together. (See GROUP - Section 8.3) Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Move sub function from the Move menu. POS -> Step 2. Select a point on the entity which is to be moved. The position of the point on the entity is irrelevant unless (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 53 it is required by the operator for specific location purposes because this point becomes the drag point. POS -> Step 3. Locate the new position point by it's drag point as should be relative to the entity as it sits in it's new location. Notice that the entity will follow the cursor about the drawing until positioned. Upon completion of the movement sequence, four new menu selections will appear. > 8.111 MOVE-MOVE-BRING OTHERS Once a Move sequence has been completed, the Bring Others menu option will appear. If the operator then activates the option by selecting it, and an asterisk highlights the option, other entities on the drawings can be moved as well, all relative to the initial movement. For example if an element is moved two inches to the left and one inch up, any other entities can be also moved two inches to the left and one inch up simply by selecting the Bring Others option and the clicking on the desired entities. > 8.112 MOVE-MOVE-EXTEND LINES When a line is moved and vertical or horizontal lines that were connected to that line need to be lengthened or shortened to reconnect to the line in a similar fashion, the Extend Lines option does so. Once the original line is moved, the Extend Lines option will appear. Click on each line which is to be reconnected and it will be modified accordingly. The lines being extended or trimmed will maintain their original vertical or horizontal position. Only their length will be changed. > 8.113 MOVE-MOVE-RECONNECT LINES When a line is moved and a previously connecting line needs to be reconnected, the Reconnect Lines option will do so. Clicking on the Reconnect Lines option and following it with selection of the elements to be reconnected, will cause the connecting endpoint of the line being reconnected to be moved to the point on the moved line as it was originally connected. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 54 The slope of the line being reconnected may change as only one endpoint will be moved. 8.12 MOVE-PLUMB The Plumb sub function of the Move function allows the user to move an entity horizontally to a plumb vertical axis as specified. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Plumb sub function. POS -> Step 2. Establish a vertical line to which the entity will be aligned. A vertical ghost line will follow the cursor until placed. POS -> Step 3. Locate a point on the entity being moved and the entity will be moved such that the point specified intersects the plumb line indicator. When the entity is selected and therefore moved, the plumb line will disappear. Note that when selecting the entity to be moved, the point at which the entity is identified is important because the entity will intersect the plumb line at that point. 8.13 MOVE-LEVEL The Level sub function allows the user to move an entity to align with a level horizontal line. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Level sub function of the Move menu. POS -> Step 2. Establish a horizontal line to which the entity to be moved will be aligned. A horizontal ghost line will follow the cursor until placed. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 55 POS -> Step 3. Locate a point on the entity being moved and that entity will move such that the point selected will intersect the horizontal line as placed. When the entity is selected and therefore moved the level line will disappear. Note that when selecting the entity to be moved, the point at which the entity is identified is important because the entity will intersect the level line at that point. 8.2 COPY The Copy function allows an entity to be copied. This function has three sub functions that allow the copies to be either moved, rotated or copied following an array pattern. You may enter the Copy function by either clicking on the word "COPY" on the main menu or pressing "F6" on your keyboard. 8.21 COPY-MOVE The Move sub function of the Copy menu item is used to copy an element or grouped set of elements to form an entity and move this copy to another location. There are three parameters available to quantify the freedom of movement and can be utilized by toggling on the option indicated by an asterisk. The "ALL DIRECTIONS" parameter allows unrestricted directional movement. The "X AXIS" parameter limits movement to a horizontal bias and "Y AXIS" limits movement to vertical directions. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Copy/Move sub function of the Copy menu. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 56 POS -> Step 2. Locate a point on the entity to be copied. It is important to pick a point that will be useful in positioning the copied entity. POS -> Step 3. Locate the copy, which is following the cursor to it's final location, using the attachment point as a reference. The final location will be precisely relative to the point as positioned. Once the entity has been moved there will be four extended options appearing below the sub function group available for the user. They are as follows: > 8.211 COPY/MOVE/REPEAT The Repeat sub option when clicked on will duplicate the previous action set. A new copy will be positioned relative to the previous copy as was the previous copy to the original. > 8.212 COPY/MOVE/REPEAT COUNT The Repeat Count sub option is an extension of the above described "Repeat". When clicked on and followed by a numerical count factor, the original or previous entity will be duplicated as copied and repeated by as many times as specified. Each duplication will be relative to the previous copy as was the original copy to the original. > 8.213 COPY/MOVE/REPEAT DISTANCE The Repeat Distance sub option is again similar to both the Repeat and Repeat Count options. This option however requires a distance within which copies will be repeated until that point is reached. Do so by selecting Repeat Distance after a copy has been made, then selecting the copied element and following it with a distance value. Multiples will then be made to fill the distance as identified. > 8.214 COPY/MOVE/COPY OTHER The Copy Other sub option will copy and move a copy of an alternate entity to a position relative to it's original as was the copy moved in the previous Copy/Move action. This is done by simply selecting any point on an alternate entity and can be repeated for other entities in succession. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 57 8.22 COPY-ROTATE This Copy/Rotate sub function allows the operator to copy an entity and rotate it in a specified direction as well as around any center. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the COPY/ROT sub function. POS -> Step 2. Position a point on the object entity to be rotated. The location on the element is important because the axis of rotation will be around this point unless otherwise specified. POS -> Step 2a. Upon selecting an entity the menu item "NEW CENTER" will appear. If this item is selected and followed with a new center position on the drawing, it will remain the center of rotation until another major sub function is invoked. DIR -> Step 3. Specify an angular direction of rotation which will determine the direction and amount of rotation around the center as indicated. Positive entry indicates a counter- clockwise rotation. Once the entity has been rotated there will be four extended options appearing below the sub function group available for the user. They are as follows: > 8.221 COPY/ROTATE/REPEAT The Repeat sub option when clicked on will duplicate the previous action set. A new copy will be positioned relative to the previous copy as was the previous copy to the original. > 8.222 COPY/ROTATE/REPEAT COUNT The Repeat Count sub option is an extension of the above described "Repeat". When clicked on and followed by a numerical count factor, the original or previous entity will be duplicated as copied and repeated by as many times as specified. Each duplication will be relative to the previous copy as was the original copy to the original. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 58 > 8.223 COPY/ROTATE/REPEAT ANGLE The Repeat Angle sub option is again similar to both the Repeat and Repeat Count options. This option however requires an angle within which copies will be repeated until that point is reached. Do so by selecting Repeat angle after a copy has been made, then selecting the copied element and following it with an angle degree. Multiples will then be made. > 8.224 COPY/ROTATE/COPY OTHER The Copy Other sub option will copy and move a copy of an alternate entity to a position relative to it's original as was the copy moved of the previous Copy/Rotate action. This is done by simply selecting any point on an alternate entity and can be repeated for other entities in succession. 8.23 COPY-ARRAY This Copy Array sub function allows copies to be made and arrayed throughout an area in a grid pattern sequence as necessary. Selection of this menu item causes four information queries to appear below. Procedure ========= DIST-> Step 1. Select the "ROW SPACE" item and enter a distance requested between rows. A positive entry would notate rows above the entity to be copied and likewise a negative entry would indicate rows below. The value entered in this variable will represent the number of current mode units of measure to be considered as desired spacing. These units will be either centimeters or inches. DIST-> Step 2. Select the "COL SPACE" item and enter a distance requested between columns. A positive entry will identify columns to the right of the entity being copied. A negative entry will indicate column spacing of those the left. This value will also represent centimeters or inches depending on the current mode of operation. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 59 -> Step 3. Select the "ROWS" menu item. This quantity entry will specify the number of copies to be made vertically spaced as indicated by the Row Space entry above. -> Step 4. Select the "COLS" menu item. This quantity entry will specify the number of copies to be made horizontally spaced as indicated in the Col Space area above. POS -> Step 5. Identify the entity or entity grouping to be copied and arrayed in the pattern as specified. The number of Rows multiplied by the number of Cols specified will be equal to the number of copies made. If numerous or complicated copies are being made, the visual representation of the procedure can be halted at any time by activating a major function item and the system will accept your next commands. 8.3 GROUP The GROUP function allows the operator to tag a set of elements or entities that will then perform as a single entity when acted upon. The group is a temporary collection of elements or entities that is affected by utilities such as move, copy, delete or save. To enter the Group menu click on the main menu item "GROUP" or press "F7". The Group menu consists of four sub functions as well as the Window View Locator. 8.31 GROUP-SELECT The Select sub function is used to invite elements to be part of the Group. > 8.311 GROUP-SELECT BLOCK The Select Block option will select elements within a defined area of the drawing to be part of the Group. In order to define the blocked area, first click on a corner of the object ProCadd Operations Manual Page 60 area. A ghost block will follow the cursor at the diagonally located corner until it is placed by clicking at a position as necessary. Note that only totally enclosed non-protruding elements will be included in the group. > 8.312 GROUP-SELECT ELEMENTS Clicking on each applicable element will cause it to be highlighted informing the operator that is has been accepted by ProCadd. Blocking and individual selection can also be used in conjunction. If for example an area is blocked but a few protruding elements do not select. They can then be individually chosen and thereby added to the group. Blocking and individual selection can be used in multiple succession in order to define items in remote areas of the drawing as part of the intended Group. 8.32 GROUP-DESELECT The Deselect sub function is used to individually remove elements from the Group. Clicking on each undesirable element will cause it to be removed. Note that blocking an area of the drawing is also applicable for deselection. When the cursor is used to define an area, all elements totally enclosed and non-protruding from the block will be de selected from the Group. 8.33 GROUP-SELECT ALL The Select All sub function when invoked will select every item on the current drawing. If a large number of elements are desired for the Group it may be easier to Select All and then Deselect individual or blocks of elements. Remember that elements off the viewing screen and elsewhere in the drawing will be selected with Select All and be manipulated with the Group without being seen. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 61 8.34 GROUP-DESELECT ALL The Deselect All sub function when invoked will abolish the Group completely. When this sub function is used the function "RESTORE GROUP" will appear beneath the Deselect All sub function. This will restore the group as it was previously in case of a mistaken command. 8.4 COMBINE The COMBINE functions are used to assemble or dilute groups also. Whereas the Group functions create temporary groups, the Combine function creates permanent ones. To enter the Combine sub functions, click on the word "COMBINE" on the main menu or press "F8". The Combine sub function menu has two options with one parameter as well as the Window View Locator. 8.41 COMBINE-COMBINE The combine sub function builds the group. Begin by selecting all of those elements that you wish included in the group. They will disappear temporarily as they are selected. When you have completed selections follow by clicking on the "Combine" sub function menu item. The elements will reappear as a group. > 8.411 COMBINE/ADD TO GROUP If you wish to add to the Group, clicking on "ADD TO GROUP" followed by your selections including the group being added to, and finally clicking on "COMBINE" will form the combination or Combined Group. Whenever selections are being made, two additional menu items appear. "CANCEL" when clicked will abort the entire procedure. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 62 "RESTORE" when clicked will negate the previous selection. 8.42 COMBINE-SEPARATE The Separate sub function dissolves the group as an entity. To Separate the Group, select the Group and click on Separate. 8.5 DIMENSION The Dimension function is used to determine and label linear and angular dimensions. Enter the DIMENSION function by selecting the "DIMENSION" word on the main menu or pressing "F9". Before we discuss the several Dimension sub functional options we will explain the subset of parameters that appear whenever a dimension is requested. They are as follows: > 8.501 ACCEPT When a Dimension is requested and sample layout and method are indicated on the screen as well as in this parameter section, if all is as the operator wishes it to be, he would select "ACCEPT" and the Dimension would become permanent. > 8.502 CANCEL If the Dimension is unacceptable and changes available are not desired, then "CANCEL" will restart the entire sequence. > 8.503 MOVE DIMENSION The Move Dimension menu item will redefine the location of the dimension arrows and labels as desired. The movement is limited however to logical positioning relative to the entity being measured. Selection of the "MOVE DIMENSION" item will cause the arrow and label set to follow the cursor until placed. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 63 > 8.504 MOVE LABEL The Move Label option is used to move the Label only to a desired location. Selecting "MOVE LABEL" will cause the dimension's Label to follow the cursor until placed. > 8.505 INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ARROW The Internal/External Arrow toggle determines if the dimension arrows are internally pointing at the ends of the dimension or pointing at it from the outside. The type shown will be the type drawn. > 8.506 TEXT EQUALS The Text Equals item allows the user to specify a label size. When the "TEXT=" selection is made a size entry is required by either numeric keyboard or other distance facility that appears at the bottom of the menu section. The program default text size is 0.1 inches or 0.254 centimeters. If some other text size is preferred to be used as a default value, it should be entered in the Parameters File as a qualified value. If the value is unqualified, the value will be understood as a factor of the default unit. Note that unless the program's text preference is in Real Text mode, the text as seen is Fast Text, and not what is plotted. The vertical and horizontal half box that surrounds the text is the actual height and length of the text as specified. The half box will not plot. Only the text represented will plot or print. > 8.507 ARROW EQUALS The Arrow Equals option allows the user to determine arrow size. When the "ARROW=" selection is made, a size entry is required by either numeric keyboard or other distance facility that appears at the bottom of the menu section. The program default arrow size is 0.1 inches or 0.254 centimeters. If some other arrow size is preferred to be used as a default value, it should be entered in the Parameters File as a qualified value. If the value is unqualified, the value will be understood as a factor of the default unit. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 64 > 8.508 UNITS SHOWN The Units Shown option toggles between feet/inches, inches, millimeters, centimeters, meters and kilometers. Whichever distance units qualifier is present will determine the format of the dimension length display. The default as displayed is determined in the Parameters File. > 8.509 RESOLUTION EQUALS The "RESOL.=" menu item when selected allows the operator to pick the extent of accuracy to which a dimension is displayed. The default unit, as is displayed through this function is determined by the ProCadd Setup Parameters File, which can be changed as described in the Parameter File description located in Appendix D of this manual. Clicking on the "RESOL.=" item repeatedly cycles through a selection of tolerances both fractional and decimal. 8.51 DIMENSION-PARALLEL The Parallel sub function of the Dimension menu will establish a linear dimension set parallel to the distance as specified. When the Parallel sub function is activated as evidenced by an asterisk, the operator must only select an element or locate two points, after which a dimension outline will appear. This outline can be either modified or accepted by the subset of appliances that appear once the dimension is indicated. 8.52 DIMENSION-HORIZONTAL The Horizontal sub function, when clicked on, and an element is chosen, will define the horizontal distance component of that element. An outline of the results and sample display will appear for your confirmation. You can either accept or change it. 8.53 DIMENSION-VERTICAL The Vertical sub function of the Dimension menu instructs ProCadd to calculate the vertical distance component of the ProCadd Operations Manual Page 65 element selected. First select "VERTICAL" and follow it with the selection of an element. Then make any necessary modifications or accept it as it is. Note that the Parallel, Horizontal or Vertical sub function can measure between two points and not only entities. When selection of the item to be measured is required, respond with two point locations on the drawing and ProCadd will calculate the distance between them. 8.54 DIMENSION-ANGULAR The Angular sub function defines angular dimensions by degrees. ProCadd indicates degree by the "^" sign. Since this sub function requires multi positional requests in a specific sequence, we will describe it as a procedure. Three positional requests will be made. The order in which the points are outlined will determine which side of the angle ProCadd measures. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Angular sub function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a point on the first wing on the structure to be measured. The measurement indicating arrows will arc counter-clockwise. Accordingly if the rightmost wing is chosen first then the arrow will measure upward through the angle. Likewise if the leftmost wing is chosen the label arc will radiate downward about the opposite side of the structure. POS -> Step 3. Locate the axis of the angle. POS -> Step 4. Locate the other wing upon which the dimension profile will appear for your approval. Note that the point on which the first wing is identified will be the indication focus of the dimension arrows. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 66 Angular dimensions of points in free space can be had also using the identical procedure only not specifying points on elements. 8.55 DIMENSION-RADIAL The Radial sub function on the Dimension menu is used to measure and label radius components of circles and arcs. After choosing the Radial menu item, follow with the selection of the element to be measured. An outline of the dimension setup will appear for your approval or modification. The dimension arrow will initially appear pointing in the direction of the point by which the user specified the element to be measured. 8.56 DIMENSION-LABEL The Label sub function is used to assign a label or some descriptive text to some portion of the drawing. After choosing the "LABEL" option, select a point on the drawing toward which the Label arrow should point. Notice then how the standard dimension editing features appear so that the user can specify and manipulate the Label text as desired. Once all edit options are as preferred, enter the text. As entered it will be mirrored at the bottom of the screen. As with the dimension options, select "ACCEPT" when finished. If an arrow only is desired, it is accomplished by completing the Label sequence without entering any text. 8.57 DIMENSION-ARC LENGTH The Arc Length sub function is used to measure the circumfrential component of a circle or arc. Select the "ARC LENGTH" menu item and follow with the selection of an element to be measured. The outline will appear for modification or approval. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 67 8.6 TEXT The TEXT function assists in the creation of text as needed. The text can be edited, sized, spaced, colored, rotated, or styled. Enter the Text function menu by clicking on the word "TEXT" or pressing "F10". The Text menu includes two sub functions followed by a group of text editing parameters. The parameters manipulating the attributes of color and width as well as layer designation are available. After that are the Window View Locator and the facilities section. 8.61 TEXT-EDIT/INSERT When Editing existing text select the Edit/Insert sub function. Begin to Edit by pointing to the text to be edited. The text will appear at the bottom of the screen confirming the edit. The attributes menu items will be automatically changed to reflect the characteristics of the text in question. These can be changed to suit the operator by pointing to the item and inputting new values. During modification, the outline of the text will alter indicating specified location and orientation. Once complete, pressing enter will confirm the operation. In order to Insert new text, the same process is used except that instead of pointing at existing text, the user points out a new location. The text characteristic variables are listed and described below. > 8.611 FAST/REAL TEXT - Clicking on this menu item toggles the current selection between Fast and Real text. Fast text is either just an outline of the text to be plotted indicating ProCadd Operations Manual Page 68 actual height and length or if large enough, a display of the text will appear in standard text mode inside the outline of the actual text. Real Text is an actual Real Scaled representation of the text as saved on the drawing including font type and style. Normally when using ProCadd and especially when a large drawing is current, the Real Text mode would only be used as a confirmation or visual tool. Because of the taxation of the computer's resources required to display Real Text, it is advantageous to keep this menu item toggled normally to Fast mode. > 8.612 SIZE EQUALS - Clicking on "SIZE=" will call for a value to be the new text height. The program default text size is 0.1 inches or 0.254 centimeters. If some other text size is preferred to be used as a default value, it should be entered in the Parameters File as a qualified value. If the value is unqualified, the value will be understood as a factor of the default unit. > 8.613 ROTATION EQUALS - The "ROTATION=" variable orients the radiated direction of the text in question. A direction request by numeric entry or rose indication will alter the text's orientation. > 8.614 SPACING EQUALS - Pointing to the "SPACING=" item will prompt a line spacing request. Enter a value to be understood as a measure of the default units of measure depending on whether the program is operating in U.S. or metric mode. The default spacing is valued at the text size times a factor of 1.6667. When entering multiple lines of text and the first line is confirmed by pressing "enter", the cursor will Space down the value as input at this variable and be ready to receive the next line's text. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 69 > 8.615 LEFT/CENTER/RIGHT JUSTIFIED - The menu items "LEFT" and "CENTER" and "RIGHT" toggled when pointed to and followed by "JUSTIFIED" indicate a method of alignment for the text as entered. Left text will extend to the right of the location point. Right text similarly to the left and Center text will extend equally in both directions as entered. > 8.616 FONT EQUALS - There are two fonts available to the ProCadd user in the standard program. In the "FONT=" variable a "0" or a "1" can be entered to choose between them. If the user wishes to define additional fonts it can be done by referring to Appendix B and placing the font file into the /CAD650/fonts directory. > 8.617 NORMAL/BOLD/ITALIC/UNDERLINE - These items will toggle in rotation when clicked on. The text styles of "NORMAL", "BOLD", "ITALIC" and "UNDERLINE" will alter and establish the text style to be plotted. 8.62 TEXT-MOVE TEXT The Move Text menu item when pointed at is used to reposition text on the drawing. This is performed by first selecting the menu item Move Text and then pointing to the text to be moved and dragging it to it's desired position. 8.7 SECTION The Section function allows the user to enter section lines in a defined boundary. As well as sectioning an area, the Section function can be used as a "fill" function to fill in or shade and color an area. Enter the Section function menu subset by pointing and clicking on the word "SECTION" or by pressing "F11". If your key board does not support "F11", then "ALT-F7" will substitute. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 70 The Section function menu has at the top three methods or options used to identify the boundaries of the area to be sectioned. Below these are three commands used to draw the section lines or retract boundary specifications. Then there are two variables used to clarify section line spacing and section line direction. Finally the attribute selection area and the Window View Locator are included followed by the facilities section. 8.71 SECTION-ADD ENTITY/ELEMENT/POINT These three boundary selection identifiers are in use when an asterisk appears by the one clicked on. The Entity identifier when used selects entities. When the entity is clicked on it will be highlighted. The Element identifier likewise selects elements to be used as boundaries. They also will be highlighted upon selection. The Add Point selection device chains together multiple point locations in order to create the boundary to be sectioned. Lines appear between the points to assist the operator in location but upon completion they will disappear. 8.72 SECTION-FILL/CANCEL ALL/LAST Upon completion of the desired boundary area or areas, the "FILL" command will section the area as identified. If modifications to the boundary area are needed prior to execution of sectioning, "CANCEL LAST" will remove the preceding boundary selection or "CANCEL ALL" will remove all boundary selections. 8.73 SECTION-DIRECTION/DISTANCE The Direction and Distance variable requests are used to select rotational direction of the sectioning lines as well as the spacing distance between them. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 71 When the user clicks on the Direction variable item a direction input is required either by rose selection, numeric vector input, or selection of a like element on the drawing who's direction can be emulated. When the user clicks on the Distance variable item a distance input is required. Enter the distance desired between each section line. When in metric mode, this entry will represent a centimeter measurement and when in U.S mode, an inch measurement will be assumed. 8.8 DELETE The DELETE function removes elements or entities from the drawing. Access the Delete function by selecting the main menu item "DELETE" or by pressing "F12". If your keyboard does not support "F12" then pressing "ALT-F8" will substitute. The sole item on the Delete menu is the Window View Locator. To Delete an entity just click on the entity. Once the entity is removed the command Restore will appear on the menu. Clicking on "RESTORE" will reverse the previous action and restore the entity previously deleted. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 72 9.0 SPECIAL DRAWING FUNCTIONS ***************************** 9.1 ROTATE The Rotate function allows the user to Rotate or Mirror any entity or group of entities. Enter the Rotate function menu by clicking on "ROTATE" or pressing "SHIFT-F1". The Rotate menu will appear with two sub functions, namely Rotate and Mirror, followed by a direction variable entry item. Then there are the customary Window View Locator and the facilities section. 9.11 ROTATE-ROTATE This sub function assists the operator in rotating an entity by a known angle or relative to another angle and around any center. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Rotate sub function from the Rotate menu section. An asterisk will appear at the Rotate menu item as notice of it's selection. POS -> Step 2. Select the entity or group of entities. The point by which you select the object will be the center around which the object will be rotated. POS -> Step 2a If a center of rotation other than on the object is required, select the "NEW CENTER" menu item and position a new center point. DIR -> Step 3. Through rose selection or numeric input specify an angle of rotation. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 73 Assuming that the menu item "BEG ANGLE" is zero degrees, the object will then rotate in a counter-clockwise direction around the center as specified, to an angle relative to it's original position by that angle. If rotation relative to another entity is required an alternate value can be entered for the Beginning Angle. Select "BEG ANGLE" and enter a numeric angle or pick an angle based on the drawing by positioning two points on the screen. ProCadd will determine the angle of the direction of an imaginary line between the points from the first to the second. 9.12 ROTATE-MIRROR The Mirror sub function allows the entity or group of entities in question to be manipulated such that the image is reversed or Mirrored about an axial direction as specified. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Mirror sub function. DIR -> Step 2. Select the "MIR.ANG." item on the menu and specify the direction of the axis around which the object will be mirrored. If the angle is part of the object or some other part of the drawing, then choose two points on that axis and ProCadd will display the correct angle. POS -> Step 3. Select a mirroring point which can be anywhere on the drawing through which the mirroring axis will pass and around which the image of the object will reverse itself. POS -> Step 4. Pick the object to be mirrored by selecting any point on that object. Upon selection of the entity being mirrored it will disappear from it's current position and reappear opposite and equidistant as relative the axis as specified. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 74 9.2 SCALE The Scale function is used to enlarge or reduce the size of any entity or group of entities. This is not the viewed size but the actual size. Enter the Scale menu by selecting the word "SCALE" from the main menu or by pressing "SHIFT-F2" from anywhere within ProCadd. Procedure ========= POS -> Step 1. Select the entity or group to be manipulated. POS -> Step 1a If the position of the point selecting the entity to be manipulated is not the center about which the rescaled size of the entity is to center, then select "NEW CENTER" on the menu and position a New Center point. DIST-> Step 2. Specify a distance either by keyboard entry or by use of one of the distance facilities at the bottom of the menu section. This value will be the first or current value in the ratio dictating the size adjustment. DIST-> Step 3. Specify the second distance required to complete the ratio of change by use of keyboard or other facility. A smaller value than the previous step will reduce the entity size. A larger value will increase the entity size. 9.3 TRANSLATE The Translate function is a combination of several previously described functions. The Translate function will copy, rotate, scale and mirror an entity or group all at the same time. To enter the Translate function menu, click on "TRANSLATE" or press the "SHIFT-F3" key or keys. The Translate function menu has three parameter variables controlling scaling, mirroring and rotation. Following are four sub options allowing recentering as well as repeat options and translation formats. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 75 9.31 TRANSLATE-SCALE EQUALS Set the Scale component of the Translate function. Select the "SCALE=" menu item and follow with two distance entries which will represent the scaling ratio of the function. If no change in size is required then set the scale to one. 9.32 TRANSLATE-ROTATION EQUALS Set the Rotation component of the Translate function. Select the "ROTATION=" menu item and enter a Rotation angle which will affect the object in a counter-clockwise direction for a positive entry. If no rotation is required then set this variable to zero. 9.33 TRANSLATE-MIRROR EQUALS Set the Mirror component of the Translate function. Select the "MIRROR=" menu item and enter a Mirror axis direction which will determine the perspective of the mirrored image. If no Mirrored image is required then set this variable to zero. 9.34 DRAG BOX/ALL The Drag Box or Drag All option determines whether the ghost following the placement of the entity or group being translocated is a boxed outline of the entity or an image of the entity itself. If the entity is a complicated subject then it may tax your computer's resources in managing duplication of the image as it moves across the screen and therefore may slow the operator down or misrepresent the entities intended location so when the box option is used a simple outline represents the more complicated image and therefore is more easily moved. Toggle between Drag Box and Drag All as necessary. In order to use the Translate function, begin by selecting the object or object group to be manipulated. The point by which the ProCadd Operations Manual Page 76 object is chosen becomes the placement reference point for the copy, as well as the center for the scale, rotation and mirroring. If a New Center is required for scale, rotate, and/or mirror then after selecting the object, click on "NEW CENTER" and point out the New Center as desired. Drag the ghost copy of the object being copied and place it as necessary. The permanent copy will appear upon placement, referenced by it's drag point and manipulated as the variable parameters have dictated. A "REPEAT" option is available to make identical copies relative to the previous copy as the previous copy was relative to the original. A "BRING OTHERS" option also appears after the original translation. When clicked on and followed by selection of alternate elements, those elements will be treated identically as was the original. 9.4 ATTRIBUTES The Attributes function section of ProCadd allows the operator to change the physical properties of elements within the drawing. To enter the Attributes menu, click on "ATTRIBUTES", or press "SHIFT-F4". The Attributes menu has six sub functions used to evaluate or change various properties of specific elements of a drawing. These are followed by the Attributes status area which works in conjunction with the sub functions above. Also the Window View Locator is present and finally the facilities section. 9.41 ATTRIBUTES-ENQUIRE The Enquire sub function of the Attributes section is used to qualify the current display status of elements of a drawing. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 77 Select the "ENQUIRE" sub function and then the element in question. The Attribute status section of the menu will then display the properties of that element. 9.42 ATTRIBUTES-SET LAYER The Set Layer sub function is used to reassign layer status to a given element or entity. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "LAYER" sub function and only the layer selection portion of the Attributes display section will appear. -> Step 2. Alter the layer to the desired result by cycling up or down with the "+" or "-" signs. POS -> Step 3. Select the element to be modified and it will be changed. If more than one element requires the same property, repeated selection of alternate elements will change them as well. If a mistake is made then clicking on the "RESTORE" command will reverse the previous action. 9.43 ATTRIBUTES-SET WIDTH The Set Width sub function is used to alter element width. Line widths are assigned to the width selection numbers in the Plot section of ProCadd. (See PLOT - Section 10.23) Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "WIDTH" sub function. Only the Width portion of the status area will then appear. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 78 -> Step 2. Alter the current width up or down to the desired point. POS -> Step 3. Select the object element to be modified. If similar changes are required for other elements or entities, select them next. The "RESTORE" menu item will reverse the previous selection. 9.44 ATTRIBUTES-SET STRUCTURE The Set Structure sub function of the Attributes menu is used to select the line structure type of the element in question. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "STRUCTURE" menu item. The line structure property status will appear in the Attribute status area. -> Step 2. Cycle through the eight status options by clicking on the sample line element in the status area. The options are assigned in the Plot function menu. (See Plot - Section 10.22) POS -> Step 3. Select the object element to be altered. Select repeated elements to be changed similarly if desired. The "RESTORE" menu command will return the previous elements to their previous status. 9.45 ATTRIBUTES-SET COLOR The Set Color sub function on the Attributes is used to select the color of the element in question. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "COLOR" menu item. The color status bar will appear in the Attributes status area. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 79 -> Step 2. Cycle through the color selections by clicking on the plus or minus signs along side the color bar and stopping on the desired color. -> Step 3. Select each element to be changed to the chosen color. The "RESTORE" menu item will reverse the previous action. 9.46 ATTRIBUTES-SET ALL The Set All sub function operates as do all of the individual Attribute sub functions except that this one alters more than one at a time. Each item in the status area must be as desired because when the element to be modified is selected, each property of the element will be altered to be consistent with the status area variables. First select the "SET ALL" sub function, set the properties and finally select the element or elements to be modified. 9.5 ELLIPSE The Ellipse function used in the creation of ellipses has several sub functions. Enter the Ellipse group of sub functions menu by clicking on the word "ELLIPSE" or press "SHIFT-F5". On the Ellipse menu there are four sub functions with options for the first sub function as well as slope and ratio parameters. Beneath the sub functions follow the Attributes section, the Window View Locator and the facilities section. 9.51 ELLIPSE-ELLIPSE An Ellipse is a circle that is not round. First we must determine the ratio of the length versus the breadth of the ellipse and then we must indicate the desired orientation. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 80 Point and click on the "RATIO" parameter. This will then require two distance entries. The relationship between these two entries will determine the shape of the ellipse. An entry of "2" followed by an entry of "1" will create an ellipse twice as long as it is wide and will be displayed as a ratio of 2.00. Point and click on the "SLOPE" parameter. This will require a direction entry that will determine the ellipse's orientation. This ellipse's axis which is along the longest possible dimension within the ellipse will arrange itself at the slope as specified. > 9.511 ELLIPSE/CENTER/POINT The Center Point option of the Ellipse sub function assists in the creation of ellipses by first picking the center and following with a point on the perimeter. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "CTR/PT" option of the Ellipse sub function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a center position for the ellipse being created. POS -> Step 3. Locate a perimeter position point for the ellipse. Note that the orientation of the ellipse is not affected by the perimeter location. The ellipse will be drawn a whatever size is necessary to accommodate both the slope parameter and the perimeter point. > 9.512 ELLIPSE/CENTER/RATIO/ROTATION The Center Ratio Rotation option of the Ellipse sub function allows the user to create an ellipse by specifying the center, the actual major and minor radial values and the rotation or orientation angle. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 81 Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "CTR/RAT/ROT" option of the Ellipse sub function. POS -> Step 2. Locate a center position for the ellipse being created. DIST-> Step 3. Enter by numeric entry or by use of one of the facilities at the bottom of the menu both a major and a minor radius measurement. Two separate entries are required. DIR -> Step 4. Enter the rotation direction that the ellipse should be oriented to. Enter this variable either by rose or numeric angle. 9.52 ELLIPSE-CONCENTRIC The Concentric sub function of the Ellipse menu creates multiple ellipses with the same center. This Concentric sub function makes use of the presettable slope and ratio variables. Point and click on the "RATIO" parameter. This will then require two distance entries. The relationship between these two entries will determine the shape of the ellipse. An entry of "2" followed by an entry of "1" will create an ellipse twice as long as it is wide. Point and click on the "SLOPE" parameter. This will require a direction entry that will determine the ellipse's orientation. This ellipse's axis which is along the longest possible dimension within the ellipse will arrange itself at the slope as specified. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Concentric sub function. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 82 POS -> Step 2. Locate a center position for the concentric ellipses. POS -> Step 3. Locate a perimeter point. The ellipse will be drawn upon entry of the perimeter point. If the currently displayed slope and ratio are acceptable continue on to the second concentric circle by locating a perimeter point for the second and repeat until finished. 9.53 ELLIPSE-ARC The Arc sub function of the Ellipse function menu allows the user to create elliptic arcs by specifying a center and two endpoints. This Arc sub function makes use of the presettable slope and ratio variables. Point and click on the "RATIO" parameter. This will then require two distance entries. The relationship between these two entries will determine the shape of the ellipse. An entry of "2" followed by an entry of "1" will create an ellipse twice as long as it is wide. Point and click on the "SLOPE" parameter. This will require a direction entry that will determine the ellipse's orientation. This ellipse's axis which is along the longest possible dimension within the ellipse will arrange itself at the slope as specified. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "ARC" sub function. POS -> Step 2. Locate the radiant center of the arc being created. POS -> Step 3. Locate a point to be the beginning point of the elliptic arc to be drawn. Keep in mind that the arc will be drawn in a counter-clockwise direction so the endpoint which is specified first matters. POS -> Step 4. Establish the ending endpoint of the arc. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 83 Once the second endpoint has been established the arc will be drawn. 9.54 ELLIPSE-MODIFY The Modify sub function is used to modify ellipses or elliptical arcs. Note that when placing new endpoints for the arcs, the endpoints should be specified in a counter-clockwise manner. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "MODIFY" sub function of the Ellipse menu. POS -> Step 2. Select the element to be modified. The location of the selection point on the element does not matter. POS -> Step 3. Locate the first new endpoint on the object arc. POS -> Step 4. Locate the other new endpoint on the object arc. The arc will be then be drawn in a counter clockwise fashion from the first to the second point. 9.6 SPLINE The Spline function enables the operator to draw or modify complex curves by selecting a series of points. The spline line will be drawn through the path of points as specified with a logical curving shape. Since spline curves are not simply mathematically defined but are more for appearance, they can be modified or shaped rather than requiring them to be totally redefined. Enter the Spline set of sub functions by pointing to the main menu item "SPLINE" or by pressing "SHIFT-F6". The Spline menu has five sub functions used to create and modify Splines. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 84 Also on the menu are the Attribute status area, Window View Locator, and the facilities section. 9.61 SPLINE-NEW SPLINE The New Spline sub function allows the user to create a spline by defining two or more points. If a mistake is made while points are being defined, the previous point can be removed by clicking on "DELETE LAST". Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "NEW SPLINE" sub function from the Spline function menu. POS -> Step 2. Locate the beginning point of the spline curve. POS -> Step 3. Locate the second and any further points to be used to define the spline curve. -> Step 4. Click on "DRAW SPLINE". The spline will be drawn from the first point defined to the last and will intersect all points between. 9.62 SPLINE-ADD POINT The Add Point sub function allows the operator to modify a spline so that the shape may be defined more precisely by inserting an additional point into the spline point path. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "ADD POINT" sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select the spline element to which a point is to be added. The location of the identifying point is not of consequence. Upon selection of the spline, the existing points will appear. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 85 POS -> Step 3. Position the new point to be added. The location should be between two existing points so that ProCadd can identify it's order within the spline point path. Upon placement of the new point, the spline will be re drawn. If the point being added is an endpoint or if the point to be added is radically out of line with the existing curve, then use "MOVE POINT" after placing the added point in a logical path. 9.63 SPLINE-DELETE POINT The Delete Point sub function allows the user to modify a spline by deleting a point from the group that define that spline. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "DELETE POINT" sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select the spline from which the point will be deleted. The position of the point identifying the spline does not matter. Once the spline has been selected the existing points will appear for reference. POS -> Step 3. Point out the point to be deleted and it will disappear and the spline will be re drawn. 9.64 SPLINE-MOVE POINT The Move Point sub function allows the user to reshape a spline by relocating one of it's identifying points. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "MOVE POINT" sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select the spline which is to be modified. The location of the point selecting the spline is not important. The existing points will appear upon selection of the spline. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 86 POS -> Step 3. Click on the point which is to be moved. POS -> Step 4. Position the object point at it's new desired location. Once the new location is defined, the spline will redraw. 9.65 SPLINE-ENDPOINT SLOPE The Endpoint Slope sub function is used when a specific slope is required at either endpoint of the spline. This is useful when a spline element must make a smooth transition to another element. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the "ENDPOINT SLOPE" sub function. POS -> Step 2. Select the spline to be modified by specifying a point on the spline. POS -> Step 3. Select the endpoint to be modified. If an endpoint is not defined, then the endpoint nearest to the point used to identify the spline will be assumed. DIR -> Step 4. Define a slope that the endpoint is to orient to by rose, point entry or numeric angle input. Once the direction has been determined, the spline will be re drawn with it's new endpoint slope. 9.7 FILLET The Fillet function provides the ability to draw a fillet curve at the actual or extended intersection of two lines. The fillet may be of any radius. The lines are automatically modified to end at a point of tangency with the fillet curve where it begins and ends. Enter the Fillet function menu by selecting the word "FILLET" at the main function menu or by pressing "SHIFT-F7". ProCadd Operations Manual Page 87 The menu contains a Radius dimension variable as well as the Attributes section, the Window View Locator and the facilities section. Procedure ========= DIST-> Step 1. Specify the radius of the Fillet curve by clicking on the "RADIUS" menu item and entering a suitable measurement. The radius dimension will be qualified as the default units of measure depending on the current operation of the program. If in metric mode the radial measurement will be in centimeters and when in U.S. mode the default will be inches. POS -> Step 2. Select the first of the intersecting lines to which the Fillet will connect. The point of selection although itself is not important must be on a portion of the line that is being retained. POS -> Step 3. Select the other intersecting line to which the fillet curve will connect. This point of selection must also be on a portion being retained. If the two lines selected are parts of the same entity, the resulting fillet curve will also become a part of that entity. If however, the two lines are separate entities, the fillet will be a separate element on the current layer. Any intersecting lines can be connected with a suitable fillet curve. The radius specified must be of a size appropriate for the space allowed between the lines. Parallel lines cannot be used. 9.8 PORTS The Ports function creates sole points of attachment on elements or entities. When a Port is assigned to an entity, any effort to attach a point to that entity will result in attachment to the entity at that Port. If a Port is selected on an entity, the Port becomes part of that entity. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 88 If the Port is selected freely within the drawing and not on an entity, then the port will be an entity itself which can be Combined to become part of an entity if desired. In other words, a Port for an entity does not have to be on that entity. Ports remain visible on the drawing screen but will not be plotted. To enter Ports, go to the Ports menu by clicking on the word "PORTS" or press "SHIFT-F8". Once at the Ports menu position, the Port or Ports as necessary. Once a Port is established on an entity, the Port can be temporally disabled but toggling the Ports position facility to "PORTS OFF". If multiple ports are desired, the "PORTS OFF" must be toggled to at one of the drawing functions. When Port restrictions are enabled, once the first port has been selected, then it is the only point of assignment available. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 89 10.0 UTILITIES ************** 10.1 DRAWING FILES The Drawing Files section of ProCadd is available to the ProCadd user for Drawing File storage, maintenance and retrieval. The Structure of File storage is within the \DRAWINGS directory. When directories are created, they are done so within the structure or directory as is current on the screen. When the DRAWINGS directory is displayed, clicking on a XXXX.<DIR> will cause that directory to be displayed. When in the XXXX directory, clicking on the ".. <DIR>" parent directory will return up the tree one step to the DRAWINGS directory. The Drawing Files menu section is entered by clicking on the main menu item "DRAWING FILES" or by pressing "SHIFT-F9". Listed throughout Drawing Files routines, are currently specified files and directories in a format beginning from left to right and including in the first column the file name with the extension. Second is the drawing number. Third is the revision number and finally the description. The Drawing Files menu section has several options and descriptive variables that appear and disappear as appropriate with the activation the various sub functions. These are: > 10.101 SORT BY NAME/DATE/ASCENDING/DESCENDING/NO SORT The display parameter actually has three sort type variables. The first is toggled by clicking on the "SORT" portion of the parameter. The files will either be sorted according to the remaining variables or in the case of "NO SORT", be displayed in directory order. Secondly clicking on the "NAME" or "DATE" sort type will toggle between the two and determine the sorted item criteria. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 90 Finally sorting can be in "ASCENDING" or "DESCENDING" order. Clicking on this portion of the variable string will toggle between the two. > 10.102 FIND/FIND NEXT The Find option searches throughout all directories and sub directories for any files meeting the criteria as specified. The search is conducted throughout the current directory and any sub directories within it. When Find is used Find Next will appear beneath it. Once the first match is located, the find routine will proceed with the search when Find Next is selected. > 10.103 FILTER/NO FILTER When browsing through drawing files, the files as displayed can be limited to certain criteria by specifying that criteria and toggle the Filter/No Filter to No Filter. When the filter is on and the user is in "GET FILE", the default search criteria is "*.*". Only ProCadd drawing files will be displayed for selection. The No Filter option allows for a complete display of the current directories contents. > 10.104 CURRENT PATH The Current Path determines or represents the file area being displayed in the display area below. The Current Path can be altered by manually entering the [drive]:\[dir]\[dir] or the Current Path will automatically be displayed when the directory tree is moved through by mouse. Clicking on a directory will take you to that directory and clicking on the ".." parent directory sign will back you out. In addition, clicking on the actual path specification will move the display to that portion of the tree path at which the mouse was clicked. > 10.105 FILE NAME The File Name is the unique DOS file name with up to eight characters followed by an extension of three. Depending on user preference the file name can be user generated or ProCadd generated. The option of flexible entry or ProCadd generated names is decided by a setting in the parameter file which you can edit by referring to Appendix D - Parameter File Definitions. When auto generation is active, ProCadd Operations Manual Page 91 the specification of the Drawing Number and the Revision Number will cause ProCadd to assign a File Name. The File Name will be derived from up to the first ten characters of the Drawing Number represented by the first eight being the file and the other two being the first two of the extension. The final character, or the third character of the extension will be the first character of the Revision Number. > 10.106 DRAWING NUMBER The Drawing Number which is chosen by the user can be any combination of up to fifteen alphanumeric characters long. The Drawing number must be unique or it will overwrite an existing file. > 10.107 REVISION NUMBER The Revision Number is a two character designation. If a drawing is retrieved and modified, it may be advantageous to assign a following consecutive Revision Number upon it's resaving. A unique Revision number will not prevent the original file's destruction. A common Drawing Number with a different Revision Number will cause the original file to be overwritten when the new revision is saved. > 10.108 DESCRIPTION The Description field is an area where the user can identify a drawing with text. Up to sixty characters of text can be entered and will be displayed when browsed. 10.11 DRAWING FILES-NEW DRAWING The New Drawing sub function is used to remove the current active drawing and begin a new one. Select the "NEW DRAWING" sub function and a blank drawing screen will indicate that the objective has been performed. Upon selection of a New Drawing, the toggle "U.S. UNITS" or ""METRIC UNITS" will appear. The currently displayed option reflects the active file format of the previous drawing. Changing to an alternate mode will determine the format of the drawing as it will be saved only and will not alter the current user unit status. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 92 If by selecting a New File, an important drawing has been lost, it can at this point be recalled by clicking on "RESTORE". 10.12 DRAWING FILES-GET DRAWING The Get Drawing sub function is used to retrieve drawings from the archive directories. Select the "GET DRAWING" sub function from the Drawing Files function menu. Use "*.*" for the File Name variable and a complete list of files will be displayed in the current directory. If there are more than will fit on the current screen then press "NEXT PAGE" and the display will scroll forward. "PREVIOUS PAGE" will scroll back. Select the desired file and it will highlight confirming it's selection. The command "GET DRAWING" will appear at the bottom of the screen. Click on it and the drawing indicated will be retrieved. 10.13 DRAWING FILES-COMBINE DRAWING Once a drawing is currently active, ProCadd can use the Combine Drawing sub function to recall an additional drawing and overlay it upon the first. Use the current drawing or retrieve a drawing from the library to be the first of two drawings to be combined. Select the Combine Drawing sub function and operate it the same as the Get Drawing sub function by pointing out the file of interest to be combined and click on "COMBINE DRAWING" at the bottom of the screen. The second drawing will be combined with the first. Initially the second drawing will be displayed as a single Group until accepted by moving on to another ProCadd function. 10.14 DRAWING FILES-SAVE DRAWING The Save Drawing function allows the operator to store drawings or Groups from within a drawing for later reference. (See Group - Section 8.3) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 93 When saving a drawing or group, the user can assign a name, number and revision to the current drawings being saved. If desired as described in Section 10.105, ProCadd will derive a File Number from the Drawing Number and Revision. If the drawing being stored is an updated version of a drawing previously retrieved, then normally a new revision number would be assigned to it and when stored as ProCadd will warn you, the original will be overwritten. The original drawing's identity will be displayed as a reference for you to note. A unique Drawing Number causes non destructive storage but a unique Revision Number will overwrite a drawing with a like Drawing Number. When you save your drawing, the Entity File is copied in it's current status to a place and file name as directed. If the file name already exists, then the file being overwritten is renamed to [filename].bak. The user must determine where the drawing is to be stored. Moving through the directory structure within the Drawings directory will display their contents. The Drawing will be saved in the current directory as displayed. When the drawing being saved has been satisfactorily identified for storage and the directory location is present, clicking on "SAVE DRAWING" at the bottom of the screen will initiate storage. If there is an active Group then the information "ONLY THE GROUP WILL BE SAVED" will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. 10.15 DRAWING FILES-DELETE FILE Drawing Files can be deleted as necessary by selecting the Delete sub function. Once at the Delete sub function section, the files in the current directory will be listed. The directory can be ProCadd Operations Manual Page 94 changed or if the object for deletion is in the current directory, it can be identified by pointing it out at which time it will be highlighted for confirmation. Clicking on the "DELETE FILE" phrase at the bottom of the screen will complete the action. 10.16 DRAWING FILES-CREATE DIRECTORY The Create Directory sub function is used to create storage area directories where necessary. After selecting the Create Directory sub function, move to the directory into which a sub directory is to be created. Specify the new directory name as will be displayed in the File Name area. Click on the "CREATE DIRECTORY" phrase at the bottom of the screen and the action will be complete. 10.17 DRAWING FILES-DELETE DIRECTORY The Delete Directory sub function is used to destroy storage area directories. Prior to deletion, the directory must be empty of all files or sub directories. In order to delete the object directory, first select the Delete Directory sub function. Then move to the directory to be deleted. Finally click on the "DELETE DIRECTORY" phrase at the bottom of the screen. 10.2 PLOT The PLOT function outputs the active drawing to a plotter. Enter the Plot function menu by selecting "PLOT" on the main function menu or by pressing "SHIFT-F10". ProCadd Operations Manual Page 95 The Plot function menu appears on the screen which contains Plot control options available to the user in defining the plot. Once all of the options are as desired then "START PLOT" will begin the drawing. The plot can be interrupted by pressing any function key. Only the active Layers will be plotted and likewise if there is an active Group as a warning will inform the user "ONLY THE GROUP WILL BE PLOTTED". The Plot control variables are described below. 10.21 PEN COLOR SELECTION The color samples as displayed on the screen represent the colors as available to the user when drawings are created. The number of colors available is determined by the Parameters file in the Session directory and is default set to the maximum sixteen. If for administrational purposes, the program should limit users to a lesser selection, the availability can be altered. See the Parameters File Definitions - Appendix D. The Pen Color Section allows the user to assign the output colors from the drawing to pen numbers of the plotter. To assign pen numbers to drawing colors simply select the color and enter the pen number. If your plotter is multi penned then ProCadd will automatically select a new pen as they have been assigned to the drawing. If your plotter is a single pen plotter and multiple colors have been selected, ProCadd will plot only pen one first. Then ProCadd will halt the plot and prompt the user to insert pen color two and so on until all colors have been plotted. Note that if a pause is requested between pens, then the plotter driver must be edited to determine this. See Appendix E for details. 10.22 LINE STRUCTURE SELECTION ProCadd Operations Manual Page 96 Shown in the Line Structure Selection section of the Plot control screen are seven Line Structures. These structures are the selections available in the Attributes section of various ProCadd drawing functions to create elements with. Here in the Plot section is where they are defined.(The defaults are specified in the Parameters File) If a line structure here is modified then any elements drawn with that structure on the current drawing will be modified to the new structure specifications. Also if any other drawings loaded while that structure position has it's new definition, they will also be modified. In this Line Structure Selection section the sample structures are listed with the sample line followed by the description of that structure. The method of describing a structure is by specifying segment lengths and space lengths until one complete description of the structure cycle has been described. For example: .35,.1,.25,.1 This definition describes a structure beginning with a length of .35 followed by a .1 space, then a .25 segment and another .1 space. This represents one structure cycle and the line will repeat this cycle throughout it's length.(See Appendix D Parameter File Definitions for exact procedure) In order to modify a structure, use the mouse or the arrow keys to move to the structure to be modified. Then use text entering technique in order to define the new structure with a comma between each length. Note that the format and value possibilities have certain limits and these must be followed to correctly define structures. See Appendix D for exact definitions. If the user selects a scaling factor for the plot, the line length will be scaled but the structure specifics will not. (See SCALING - Section 10.31) 10.23 LINE WIDTHS SELECTION The Line Widths Selection section is where the operator determines the option specifications of the line widths in the Attributes section and therefore on the plot. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 97 Listed in this section there are eight line width selections. These existing default widths are specified in the Parameters File. See Appendix D for default specifics. The width selected is the physical width in inches. Also if the drawing is scaled then the line widths will not be scaled. When the settings are altered, any lines drawn with that width selection will be re drawn with the new setting as well as any other drawings loaded from memory. Wide lines are plotted by multiple pen strokes. If a line width is listed as 0.0 then the pen will draw one stroke. To change line widths select the width to be changed with the arrow keys or the mouse and enter the new decimal width value. 10.24 DEFAULT DRAWING SCALES/SCALE EQUALS/FIT TO PAPER This section of Drawing Scales allows the user to predefine and choose from a group of scales to which the drawing will be plotted. The predefined selections are determined by the Parameter File default settings. (See Appendix D) By clicking on the desired preset scale, the plot sizes and scale listed below on the plot menu will change accordingly. If one of these Default Drawing Scales does not suit the user then he can change it at the parameter entitled "SCALE=". Here a value can be entered. An entry of .10 would determined that the drawing scale would be one tenth. The scale can be automatically selected by ProCadd to "best fit" to the paper size as selected by clicking on the menu item "FIT TO PAPER". This menu item is, since it would be assumed to be most likely used, the default selection. 10.25 PAPER SIZE/ORIENTATION Paper Size for the plot can be defined by selection here. Click on this item and the size selection will cycle through five options being "A" through "E". ProCadd Operations Manual Page 98 The physical paper sizes are as follows: A = 8.5" x 11" B = 11" x 17" C = 17" x 22" D = 22" x 34" E = 34" x 44" The Paper Orientation is toggled between Portrait and Landscape. Click on this item and select whichever is appropriate. 10.26 DEVICE The Device parameter informs ProCadd of the plotter type to be driven. A two character plotter designation inserted at the "DEVICE=" position will determine the identity of the device. The device drivers are located in the CAD650\Plotters directory. (See Appendix D for availability of selections.) 10.27 PLOT SIZE/WIDTH AND HEIGHT Once a Scale has been selected, either through one of the preset Default Scales, or by the direct Scale entry, the Plot Width and Plot Height will automatically change, reflecting the actual size that drawing to be plotted will be. This will assist the user in paper size selection. If a specific scaled size is known or required, it can be directly entered and the Scale will automatically adjust to accommodate the size as entered. In order to enter a pre determined Plot Height or Plot Width , select the item to be changed and enter the new value. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 99 10.28 MARGINS The Top, Bottom, Left and Right Margins are selectable by clicking on that item to be changed and entering the new Margin value. The default in these variables are determined by entry in the Plotter Driver Files. See Appendix E for parameter entry and definition. 10.3 DRAWING SET UP The Drawing Set Up function allows the user to rescale or adjust the origin of the current drawing. Enter the Drawing Set Up menu by clicking on the word "DRAWING" or pressing the "SHIFT-F11" key. If your keyboard will not support the "F11" key, "ALT-F9" will substitute for "SHIFT-F11". Note that scale and origin changes are not permanent. They are only for the current execution of ProCadd. 10.31 DRAWING-SET SCALE The Set Scale sub function allows the user to scale up or down the current drawing. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Set Scale sub function. DIST-> Step 2. Use a distance facility to enter a value to become the first of two in the scaling ratio. DIST-> Step 3. Enter the second distance for the scaling ratio. The size of the elements in the drawing as they appear on screen will not change, however their measured size will change as the ratio determines. Existing dimension descriptions will not change and will have to be re measured if necessary. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 100 The current scale status will remain and will affect all drawings until changed or until ProCadd is ended and restarted. 10.32 DRAWING-SET ORIGIN The Set Origin sub function allows the user to reassign the origin or real center of the drawing. The real center is the 0-X,0-Y graphic center of the drawing and may need to be realigned temporally in order to assist the user in working within a specific area of the drawing. This change is only temporary and will be reassigned as original when the current execution of ProCadd is ended. In other words when ProCadd is exited and restarted. 10.4 EXIT The Exit function ends the current ProCadd execution. Exit by clicking on "EXIT" or pressing "SHIFT-F12". If your keyboard does not support "F12", pressing "ALT-F10" will substitute for "SHIFT-F12". The drawing currently active on the screen will automatically be stored as the Active Drawing and will be reloaded upon re-entering ProCadd. The storage of the Active Drawing is not permanent storage in the Drawing Library. This must be accomplished through the Save Drawing sub function of the Drawing Files function menu. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 101 11.0 SYMBOLS AND SYMBOL FILES Symbols are commonly used graphic representations which can be stored in a Symbols Library and recalled and inserted as desired. 11.1 SYMBOLS The Symbols menu is available to the ProCadd user at any time and is accessed by pressing "CTRL-F4". The Symbols menu will appear with a set of symbol sub functions useful in the creation, storage, retrieval and deletion of Symbols. Beneath these are the options and parameters which appear when applicable and are used to aid the user is manipulating the symbol drawing. These assorted options are described as follows: > 11.101 SCALE EQUALS - At the Scale Equals variable the user can determine at which scale the Symbol in question will be inserted in the drawing. The Symbol is saved in a size as it was originally drawn and may need to be sized for the current application. Upon selecting the Scale Equals item two distance requests should follow representing a ratio to affect the symbol when inserted. > 11.102 ROTATION EQUALS - The Rotation variable allows the operator to enter the Symbol into the drawing at a rotation as desired. At this variable enter a rotation angle or use the rose to select a value. > 11.103 MIRROR EQUALS - The Mirror parameter allows the user to reverse the image along an axis through the symbol's origin which is sloped at any orientation. Once the Mirror item is selected, an orientation angle needs to be entered numerically or by use of the rose. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 102 > 11.104 DRAG BOX/ALL - The Drag option toggles between Box and All. When on Box, the Symbol being manipulated will be represented when moved by an outline box. This is particularly useful when the symbol is complicated and resources need be conserved. When the Drag All toggle is present, an image of the entire symbol will be continuously reproduced as the symbol is moved until placed. > 11.105 SHOW AS SAVED/NAME ONLY - While in the Symbols function, the symbols in the current Symbol File and on the current page are shown at the bottom of the screen. "AS SAVED" means that the image of the symbol picture will represent the symbol. A Symbol would normally be saved as a picture with a name, however, if it was saved as a name, "AS SAVED" will display the name. When "NAME ONLY" is present, only the Symbol's name will be present to represent the symbol. > 11.106 PICTURE - When creating and saving a drawing, if the item picture is selected evidenced by a asterisk, then an image of the symbol being saved will appear in the symbol selection area at the bottom of the screen. > 11.107 NAME EQUALS - If the user wishes to name the Symbol, it can be done at the "NAME=" item. Text can be entered up to ten characters. If a name is not specified, the Symbol will be called "NONAME". > 11.108 PAGE UP/DOWN - By clicking on the plus or minus sign, the symbol selection will scroll through the pages of the current Symbol File. Up to 384 pages are allowed in each file. > 11.109 NEW ORIGIN - When creating a Symbol, a New Origin to be used as a drag and placement point may be preferred as opposed to the standard center. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 103 11.11 ENTER SYMBOL When a Symbol is to be inserted in a drawing, it is done by simply dragging to it's desired location. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Select the Enter Symbol sub function. -> Step 2. Review the available placement and orientation parameters and adjust as necessary. -> Step 3. Locate and select the object Symbol by clicking on the representation. POS -> Step 4. Position the Symbol where desired in the drawing. POS -> Step 5. Repeat Step 4 and place as many copies of the object Symbol as desired. Placement of the Symbol will be centered around the origin of the Symbol as it was saved. 11.12 CREATE SYMBOL The creation of a Symbol is begun by first drawing that Symbol using standard drawings functions. Once complete, it can be stored in a designated Symbol File and with any name. Also any portion of an existing drawing that would be repeatedly used can be saved as a Symbol and recalled as necessary. Procedure ========= -> Step 1. Using standard ProCadd drawing procedures, create the Symbol to be saved or Combine a group to be saved. -> Step 2. Select "CREATE SYMBOL" from the Symbol function menu. -> Step 3. Select the entity or group to be saved as a Symbol. (procedure continued next page) ProCadd Operations Manual Page 104 Note that only a permanent "Combined" group can be saved as a symbol set. Upon selection of the Symbol, an origin point will appear at the center of the Symbol set. At this time a new origin can be specified by selecting "NEW ORIGIN" and following with a New Origin point position. -> Step 4. Select a name for the Symbol and whether or not it is to be saved as a Picture. -> Step 5. Select the location at which the Symbol is to be saved and click on that location point. It is recommended that the Symbol be saved with both a name and a picture by first entering a name and following up by selecting picture for the creation. The name can always be displayed if desired by selecting "SHOW NAME ONLY". 11.13 DELETE SYMBOL Symbols can be deleted by selecting the "DELETE SYMBOL" sub function and then pointing to the Symbol to be deleted. Subsequent symbols can be then selected and deleted as well. 11.14 DELETE PAGE Entire pages of symbols can be deleted by paging to the one targeted for deletion and then selecting "DELETE PAGE". There will be a confirmation required which can be done by selecting on "DELETE THIS PAGE". 11.15 DELETE ALL Selecting the Delete All sub function will cause the entire active Symbol File to be deleted. The option "RESTORE" appears if perhaps the deletion should be reversed. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 105 11.2 SYMBOL FILES Symbol Files are where Symbols are stored. Each file can hold one or hundreds of symbols and each file can be stored in any directory as desired. Enter the Symbol Files function menu by pressing "CTRL-F5". The structure of File storage is within the \SYMBOLS directory. When directories are created they are done so within the structure or directory as is current on the screen. When the SYMBOLS directory is displayed, clicking on a XXXX.<DIR> will cause that directory to be displayed. When in the XXXX directory, clicking on the ".. <DIR>" parent directory will return up the tree one step to the SYMBOLS directory. Listed throughout Symbols Files routines are currently specified files and directories in a format beginning from left to right and including in the first column, the file name with the extension. Second is the drawing number. Third is the revision number and finally the description. The Symbols Files menu section has several options and descriptive variables that appear and disappear as appropriate with the activation the various sub functions. These are: > 11.201 SORT BY NAME/DATE/ASCENDING/DESCENDING/NO SORT The display parameter actually has three sort type variables. The first is toggled by clicking on the "SORT" portion of the parameter. The files will either be sorted according to the remaining variables or in the case of "NO SORT", be displayed in directory order. Secondly, clicking on the "NAME" or "DATE" sort type will toggle between the two and determine the sorted item criteria. Finally sorting can be in "ASCENDING" or "DESCENDING" order. Clicking on this portion of the variable string will toggle between the two options. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 106 > 11.202 FIND/FIND NEXT The Find option searches throughout all directories and sub directories for any files meeting the criteria as specified. The search is conducted throughout the current directory and any sub directories within it. When Find is used Find Next will appear beneath it. Once the first match is located, the find routine will proceed with the search when Find Next is selected. > 11.203 FILTER/NO FILTER When browsing through symbol files, the files as displayed can be limited to certain criteria by specifying that criteria and toggle the Filter/No Filter to No Filter. The No Filter option allows for a complete display of the current directory's contents.. > 11.204 CURRENT PATH The Current Path determines or represents the file area being displayed in the display area below. The Current Path can be altered by manually entering the [drive]:\[dir]\[dir], or the Current Path will automatically be displayed when the directory tree is moved through by mouse. Clicking on a directory will take you to that directory and clicking on the ".." parent directory sign will back you out. In addition, clicking on the actual path specification will move the display to that portion of the tree path at which the mouse was clicked. > 11.205 FILE NAME The File Name is the unique DOS file name with up to eight characters followed by an extension of three. Depending on user preference the file name can be user generated or ProCadd generated. The option of flexible entry or ProCadd generated names is decided by a setting in the parameter file which you can edit by referring to Appendix D - Parameter File Definitions. When auto generation is active, the specification of the File Number and the Revision Number will cause ProCadd to assign a File Name. The File Name will be derived from up to the first ten characters of the File Number represented by the first eight being the file and the other two being the first two of the extension. The final character, or the third character of the extension will be the first character of the Revision Number. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 107 > 11.206 FILE NUMBER The Drawing Number which is chosen by the user can be any combination of up to fifteen alphanumeric characters long. The file number must be unique or it will overwrite an existing file. > 11.207 REVISION NUMBER The Revision Number is a two character designation. If a file is retrieved and modified, it may be advantageous to assign a following consecutive Revision Number upon it's resaving. A unique Revision number will not prevent the original file's destruction. A common File Number with a different Revision Number will cause the original file to be overwritten when the new revision is saved. > 11.208 DESCRIPTION The Description field is an area where the user can identify a drawing with text. Up to sixty characters of text can be entered and will be displayed when browsed. 11.21 SYMBOL FILES-GET SET The Get Symbol Set sub function is used to retrieve Symbol Files from the archive directories. Select the "GET SET" sub function from the Symbol Files function menu. Use "*.*" for the File Name variable and a complete list of files will be displayed in the current directory. If there are more than will fit on the current screen, then press "NEXT PAGE" and the display will scroll forward. "PREVIOUS PAGE" will scroll back. Select the desired file and it will highlight, confirming it's selection. The command "GET FILE" will appear at the bottom of the screen. Click on it and the Symbol File indicated will be retrieved. 11.22 SYMBOL FILES-COMBINE SET Once a Symbol Set is currently active, ProCadd can use the Combine Set sub function to recall an additional Symbol Set and overlay it upon the first. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 108 Use the current Symbol File or retrieve a file from the library to be the first of two files to be combined. Select the Combine Set sub function and operate it the same as the Get Set sub function by pointing out the file of interest to be combined and click on "COMBINE DRAWING" at the bottom of the screen. The second Symbol File will be combined with the first. 11.23 SYMBOL FILES-SAVE SET The Save Set function allows the operator to store symbol files for later reference. When saving a file, the user can assign a name, number and revision to the current Symbol Set being saved. If desired as described in Section 11.205 ProCadd will derive a File Number from the File Number and Revision. If the Symbol File being stored is an updated version of a file previously retrieved, then normally a new revision number would be assigned to it and when stored as ProCadd will warn you, the original will be overwritten. The original file's identity will be displayed as a reference for you to note when specifying the number to store. A unique File Number causes non destructive storage but a unique Revision Number will overwrite a Symbol File with a like File Number. When you save your Symbol Set, the Entity File is copied in it's current status to a place and file name as directed. If the file name already exists, then the file being overwritten is renamed to [filename].bak. The user must also identify where the file is to be stored. Moving through the directory structure within the Symbols directory will display their contents. The Symbol File will be saved in the current directory as displayed. When the file being saved has been satisfactorily identified for storage and the directory location is present, clicking on "SAVE SET" at the bottom of the screen will initiate storage. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 109 11.24 SYMBOL FILES-DELETE FILE Symbol Files can be deleted as necessary by selecting the Delete File sub function. Once at the Delete sub function section, the files in the current directory will be listed. The directory can be changed or if the object for deletion is in the current directory it can be identified by pointing it out, at which time it will be highlighted for confirmation. Clicking on the "DELETE FILE" phrase at the bottom of the screen will complete the action. 11.25 SYMBOL FILES-CREATE DIRECTORY The Create Directory sub function is used to create storage area directories where necessary. After selecting the Create Directory sub function, move to the directory into which a sub directory is to be created. Specify the new directory name as will be displayed in the File Name area. Click on the "CREATE DIRECTORY" phrase at the bottom of the screen and the action will be complete. 11.26 SYMBOL FILES-DELETE DIRECTORY The Delete Directory sub function is used to destroy storage area directories. Prior to deletion the directory must be empty of all files or sub directories. In order to delete the object directory first select the Delete Directory sub function. Then move to the directory to be deleted. Finally click on the "DELETE DIRECTORY" phrase at the bottom of the screen. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 110 12.0 PARTS LIBRARY ProCadd has a section available to the user for parts drawing listings, storage and retrieval. 12.1 STANDARD PARTS The Standard Parts function menu is available by pressing "CTRL- F6". The Standard Parts menu includes five sub functions as well as the Window View Locator. First we will explain the standard parameter options used to identify the parts drawings being stored or retrieved. These are: > 12.101 SORT BY NAME/DATE/ASCENDING/DESCENDING/NO SORT The display parameter actually has three sort type variables. The first is toggled by clicking on the "SORT" portion of the parameter. The files will either be sorted according to the remaining variables or in the case of "NO SORT", be displayed in directory order. Secondly clicking on the "NAME" or "DATE" sort type will toggle between the two and determine the sorted item criteria. Finally sorting can be in "ASCENDING" or "DESCENDING" order. Clicking on this portion of the variable string will toggle between the two options. > 12.102 FIND/FIND NEXT The Find option searches throughout all directories and sub directories for any files meeting the criteria as specified. The search is conducted throughout the current directory and any sub directories within it. When Find is used Find Next will appear beneath it. Once the first match is located, the find routine will proceed with the search when Find Next is selected. > 12.103 FILTER/NO FILTER When browsing through symbol files, the files as displayed can be limited to certain criteria by specifying that criteria and toggle the Filter/No Filter to No Filter. The No Filter option allows for a complete display. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 111 > 12.104 CURRENT PATH The Current Path determines or represents the file area being displayed in the display area below. The Current Path can be altered by manually entering the [drive]:\[dir]\[dir] or the Current Path will automatically be displayed when the directory tree is moved through by mouse. Clicking on a directory will take you to that directory and clicking on the ".." parent directory sign will back you out. In addition, clicking on the actual path specification will move the display to that portion of the tree path at which the mouse was clicked. > 12.105 FILE NAME The File Name is the unique DOS file name with up to eight characters followed by an extension of three. Depending on user preference the file name can be user generated or ProCadd generated. The option of flexible entry or ProCadd generated names is decided by a setting in the parameter file which you can edit by referring to Appendix D - Parameter File Definitions. When auto generation is active, the specification of the File Number and the Revision Number will cause ProCadd to assign a File Name. The File Name will be derived from up to the first ten characters of the File Number represented by the first eight being the file and the other two being the first two of the extension. The final character or the third character of the extension will be the first character of the Revision Number. > 12.106 FILE NUMBER The Drawing Number which is chosen by the user can be any combination of up to fifteen alphanumeric characters long. The file number must be unique or it will overwrite an existing file. > 12.107 REVISION NUMBER The Revision Number is a two character designation. If a file is retrieved and modified, it may be advantageous to assign a following consecutive Revision Number upon it's resaving. A unique Revision number will not prevent the original file's destruction. A common File Number with a different Revision Number will cause the original file to be overwritten when the new revision is saved. > 12.108 DESCRIPTION The Description field is an area where the user can identify a drawing with text. Up to sixty characters of text can be entered and will be displayed when browsed. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 112 12.11 STANDARD PARTS-GET PART The Get Part sub function is used to retrieve part drawings from the archive directories. Select the "GET PART" sub function from the Standard Parts function menu. Use "*.*" for the File Name variable and a complete list of files will be displayed in the current directory. If there are more than will fit on the current screen then press "NEXT PAGE" and the display will scroll forward. "PREVIOUS PAGE" will scroll back. Select the desired file and it will highlight confirming it's selection. The command "GET PART" will appear at the bottom of the screen. Click on it and the Parts Drawing indicated will be retrieved. 12.12 STANDARD PARTS-COMBINE PART When a part is desired to be placed in a drawing, it is first retrieved using the above described "GET PART". Once the part is loaded, an additional menu item will appear called "COMBINE PART". By clicking on the Combine Part menu item, the just retrieved part will be combined with the active drawing as was being worked with when Standard Parts was entered. The part will be placed in the drawing, centered, and as a Group. It can then be manipulated with it's Grouped status until placed as desired. A Parts Drawing would typically show alternate view angles of the part with related information and dimensions. In this case only a portion of the drawing would be desired to be entered in the active drawing. Once the part is loaded and available, a portion of the parts drawing can be selected with the mouse and they will be highlighted indicating acceptance to form a group. This group will be combined with the active drawing when clicking on "COMBINE PART". An alternate method of specifying the grouped portion of the Parts Drawing to be combined with the Active Drawing is to block it with the mouse. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 113 Clicking on a point of the Part Drawing and sweeping diagonally and clicking again will block a portion of the drawing to be grouped and combined. Note that only totally included non-protruding elements will be selected for the group. Other elements can be selected individually. 12.13 STANDARD PARTS-SAVE PART The Save Part function allows the operator to store part files or a Group from within a drawing as a Parts File for later reference. (See Group - Section 8.3) When saving a file or a Group as a file, the user can assign a name, number and revision to the current Part Drawing being saved. If desired as described in Section 12.105 ProCadd will derive a File Number from the Part Drawing Number and Revision. If the Part File being stored is an updated version of a file previously retrieved then normally a new revision number would be assigned to it and when stored as ProCadd will warn you, the original will be overwritten. The original file's identity will be displayed as a reference for you to note. A unique File Number causes non destructive storage but a unique Revision Number will overwrite a Part Drawing with a like File Number. When you save your Parts Drawing, the Entity File is copied in it's current status to a place and file name as directed. If the file name already exists, then the file being overwritten is renamed to [filename].bak. The user must also identify where the file is to be stored. Moving through the directory structure within the STDPARTS directory will display their contents. The Part Drawing will be saved in the current directory as displayed. When the file being saved has been satisfactorily identified for storage and the directory location is present, clicking on "SAVE PART" at the bottom of the screen will initiate storage. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 114 If there is an active Group then the information "ONLY THE GROUP WILL BE SAVED" will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. 12.14 STANDARD PARTS-DELETE FILE Parts Drawing Files can be deleted as necessary by selecting the Delete File sub function. Once at the Delete sub function section, the files in the current directory will be listed. The directory can be changed or if the object for deletion is in the current directory it can be identified by pointing it out, at which time it will be highlighted for confirmation. Clicking on the "DELETE FILE" phrase at the bottom of the screen will complete the action. 12.15 STANDARD PARTS-CREATE DIRECTORY The Create Directory sub function is used to create storage area directories where necessary. After selecting the Create Directory sub function, move to the directory into which a sub directory is to be created. Specify the new directory name as will be displayed in the File Name area. Click on "CREATE DIRECTORY" phrase at the bottom of the screen and the action will be complete. 12.16 STANDARD PARTS-DELETE DIRECTORY The Delete Directory sub function is used to destroy storage area directories. Prior to deletion, the directory must be empty of all files or sub directories. In order to delete the object directory, first select the Delete Directory sub function. Then move to the directory to be deleted. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 115 Finally click on the "DELETE DIRECTORY" phrase at the bottom of the screen. ProCadd Operations Manual Page 116 INDEX ====== Page Active Drawings ....................................... 23 Aligning Elements ..................................... 29 Angles ................................................ 66 Arcs .................................................. 46 Arrays ................................................ 59 Arrow Orientation ..................................... 64 Arrow Size ............................................ 64 Attributes ............................................ 77 Boundaries ............................................ 49 Blocking .............................................. 60 Breaking Lines ........................................ 40 Bring Others ....................................... 54,77 Center Circle Locating ................................ 29 Chain Lines ........................................... 38 Circles ............................................... 42 Colors ................................................ 79 Combining Elements .................................... 62 Combining Drawings .................................... 93 Combining Parts Into A Drawing ....................... 108 Combining Symbol Sets ................................ 113 Concentric Circles .................................... 44 Concentric Rectangles ................................. 42 Copying ............................................... 56 Copying Arrays ........................................ 59 Deleting Files ........................................ 94 Deleting Entities ..................................... 72 Dimension ............................................. 63 Direction and Distance Locating ....................... 31 Direction Facilities .................................. 33 Displayable Attributes ................................ 77 Distance Facilities ................................... 32 Drag Box .......................................... 76,103 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 117 Drawing Area .......................................... 22 Drawing Files ......................................... 90 Drawing Retrieval ..................................... 92 Eight Directions ...................................... 36 Elements .............................................. 23 Ellipses .............................................. 80 Elliptical Arcs ....................................... 83 Entities .............................................. 23 Exiting ............................................... 80 Extend Lines ......................................... 101 File Name Generation .......................... 91,107,111 Fillets ............................................... 87 Filling an Area ....................................... 71 Filter ........................................ 91,107,111 Find .......................................... 91,107,111 Fonts ................................................. 70 Four Directions ....................................... 36 Getting a Drawing ..................................... 92 Grids ................................................. 28 Grid Origin ........................................... 28 Grouping .............................................. 60 Hardware .............................................. 14 Help .................................................. 18 Hold .................................................. 31 Icon File ............................................. 19 Initializing Damaged Files ........................... 145 Input Devices ......................................... 24 Installation Procedures ............................... 16 Intersection Location ................................. 30 Isometric ............................................. 36 Keyboard .............................................. 25 Last Point Location ................................... 28 Layers ................................................ 50 Level ................................................. 55 Line Structures .................................... 79,96 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 118 Line Widths ........................................ 78,97 Lines ................................................. 36 Margins ........................................... 99,144 Midpoint Location ..................................... 30 Mirroring .......................................... 74,76 Modify Arcs ........................................... 48 Modify Lines .......................................... 39 Mouse ................................................. 27 Moving Dimensions ..................................... 63 Moving Entities ....................................... 53 Moving Labels ......................................... 64 Moving Spline Points .................................. 86 Moving Text ........................................... 70 Origin, Drawing ....................................... 101 Origin, Grid .......................................... 28 Panning ............................................... 51 Path .......................................... 91,107,112 Paper Orientation ................................. 98,137 Paper Size ........................................ 98,137 Parts Files .......................................... 111 Pen Colors ............................................ 96 Plot .................................................. 95 Plot Margins ..................................... 100,144 Plot Size ............................................. 99 Plotter Drivers ................................... 99,140 Plumb ................................................. 55 Ports ................................................. 31 Position Facilities ................................... 25 Printers .............................................. 95 Ram Drive ............................................. 14 Real World Coordinates ................................ 12 Rectangles ............................................ 40 Repeat Copy ........................................... 57 Reconnect Lines ....................................... 54 Reload Command ........................................ 50 Resolution ........................................ 65,127 Rose Selection ........................................ 33 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 119 Rotating Entities ..................................... 58 SafeSave ........................................... 12,19 Saving ........................................ 93,109,114 Scaling ........................................... 75,100 Sectioning ............................................ 70 Separating Groups .................................. 61,63 Sizing ................................................ 49 Slopes, Endpoint ...................................... 87 Slopes, Line .......................................... 37 Spline Curves ......................................... 84 Structure; Line .................................... 79,96 Symbols .......................................... 102,106 System Requirements ................................... 14 Tangent To Options ................................. 36,45 TMP Directory ..................................... 14,132 Translate ............................................. 75 Trim .................................................. 39 Widths; Line ....................................... 78,97 Window ................................................ 48 Windows Icon .......................................... 19 Window View Locator ................................... 51 ProCadd Operations Manual Page 120 APPENDIX A ========== Function Key Assignments ======================== F1 = Line Ctrl-F1 = Help F2 = Rectangle Ctrl-F2 = Shell to DOS F3 = Circle/Arc Ctrl-F3 = Status/Play F4 = Window Ctrl-F4 = Symbols F5 = Move Ctrl-F5 = Symbol Files F6 = Copy Ctrl-F6 = Parts Files F7 = Group F8 = Combine F9 = Dimension Ctrl-R = Reload F10 = Text F11 = Section F12 = Delete Shift-F1 = Rotate Alt-F7 = F11 Shift-F2 = Scale Alt-F8 = F12 Shift-F3 = Translate Alt-F9 = Shift-F11 Shift-F4 = Attributes Alt-F10 = Shift-F12 Shift-F5 = Ellipse ESC = Main Menu Shift-F6 = Spline Shift-F7 = Fillet Shift-F8 = Ports Shift-F9 = Drawing Files Shift-F10 = Plot Shift-F11 = Drawing Shift-F12 = Exit Function Key Index Page 121 APPENDIX B ========== Font Definition Formats Fonts are identified by a number known as a Standard Font Number. (SFN) A font exists simply by virtue of a reference to it's number. Each SFN may optionally have a name associated with it. The association between names and numbers is kept in a text file called \fonts\names. The format of this file is the font number followed by a font name separated by a space. This file can be altered using any text editor. Stroke data describing a font may optionally be stored in a file named \fonts\fxxx.s where xxx is the number of the font. If in other words stroke for font 11 will be found in the file \fonts\f11.s if it exists. If the stroke data for a font does not exist, then the font handling utilities will use the data for the default font 0. Width data for a font may optionally be stored in a file named \fonts\fxxx.w where xxx is the number of the font. If the width data for a font does not exist, then the font handling utilities will assume a mono-spaced font with a 1:1 height to width ratio. File Formats: \fonts\fxxx.s The stroke file has a 32 byte header containing the range of characters in this font, the number of bytes in each character description and the cpu code. The following structure describes the header: struct HEADER{ char karmin; char karmax; int nbytes; int cpucode; char unused[26]; }; Font Definitions Page 122 Character stroke data is then stored for each character in ascending order from karmin to karmax. Any character that is not represented in the data has -1's for all it's data. Each character description starts with the character code followed by some number of graphics codes and floating point operands. The codes are: 1 = line(x1, y1, x2, y2) 6 = end Codes are stored in one byte. \fonts\fxxx.w The width file has a 32 byte header containing the range of characters in this font, the number of bytes in each character description and the cpu code. This structure is the same as the stroke file. Character width data is then stored for each character in ascending order from karmin to karmax. Any character that is not represented in the data has a width of 1.0. Font Definitions Page 123 APPENDIX D ========== PARAMETER FILE DEFINITIONS Located in the \session directory of the \CAD650 parent, assuming that the default has been maintained, is a file named "params". This file establishes certain characteristics of ProCadd and can be used to alter these or add some. There is also a document file named "params.txt" which also describes formats for modifying this file. Editing the parameter file will allow the user to customize certain aspects of ProCadd's look, feel and operation. Below, contained in this appendix, is a detailed description of each of these parameters, which if are not present in the user's params file, are available for use and also their effect on the program. As noted with some items, they may not be applicable to your particular version of the program but may however apply to some specific cases. In general the parameters as supplied with the installation routine on your program disk will suffice for most applications. Note: Altering the characteristics of the preset parameter file as delivered with ProCadd can disturb the normal operation of ProCadd dramatically. Also all parameter definitions must be specified in lower case characters. ------- serial#= This parameter reflects a serial number as assigned by the program's publishers. If the number is not correct, the program will not start. Parameter File Definitions Page 124 --------- display=2 The "display=" parameter is where the user can force the output that ProCadd displays. The standard default that ProCadd employs is type 2 - standard VGA. If the monitor will not support VGA then ProCadd will automatically fallback to an appropriate mode. If the user chooses to force a mode higher than display 2 then ProCadd will attempt to display in the specified mode but if it is not possible then ProCadd will fallback to the first lesser appropriate mode. If display type 0 or 1 are used, the drawing area will be dramatically restricted. The available options are as follows: display=0 - CGA/EGA 640x200 1 - EGA 640x350 2 - VGA 640x480 (default) 3 - VGA 800x600 (VESA) 4 - VGA 1024x768 (VESA) 5 - VGA 1280x1024 (VESA) 6 - VGA 1024x768 (C&T only) 7 - Pixelworks MicroClipper ----------- windowloc=0 The "windowloc=", or window location parameter determines whether the viewing screen will be to the left of the menu or to the right. The options are as follows: windowloc=0 - window left/menu right (default) 1 - window right/menu left Parameter File Definitions Page 125 ---------- efubufs=10 The "efubufs=" parameter determines the amount of memory that ProCadd sets aside as a cache for entity file I/O. Each buffer unit is 512 bytes. The recommended setting is 10. ------------------ screen_width=12.5" screen_height=9.5" The "screen_width=" and "screen-height=" parameters assist ProCadd in adapting itself to your individual monitor so that it can display elements as real world representations. In other words, a two inch line will be two inches long on the monitor as long as there has been no zoom factor applied. Enter the appropriate usable screen width and height in decimal formatted inches or centimeters and the program will scale the display as needed. Be sure that the units of measure are qualified. ------------- frame_color=2-> Drawing Area Frame or border color fg_color=15 -> Foreground Color - menu items bg_color=0 -> Background Color - base screen color hi_color=14 -> Highlight Color - color confirmation of menu selection sel_color=11 -> Select Color - menu header and element selection For each of the above display color parameters choose from the following color selection list to customize ProCadd. Color 0 - black 8 - gray 1 - dark blue 9 - medium blue 2 - dark green 10 - bright green 3 - turquoise 11 - cyan 4 - dark red 12 - bright red 5 - purple 13 - magenta 6 - brown 14 - yellow 7 - soft white 15 - bright white (parameter description continued next page) Parameter File Definitions Page 126 In cases where the user is operating with a laptop or monchrome monitor we would suggest the following color selections. frame_color=0 fg_color=0 bg_color=7 hi_color=10 sel_color=14 --------- colors=16 This "colors=" parameter is the number of colors available on your display. This number is determined by the display type and monitor. The most common displays allow sixteen colors. Also as an administrative measure, color selections within the attributes section as well as displayed in the Plot function menu will be limited by this parameter. For instance if the parameter is set to 4 the only the first three colors as listed in the Plot function menu will be available. --------- structs=8 The "structs=" parameter determines the number of line structures allowed the user. These structures are the seven line styles as defined below in this params file with the eighth being a solid line. This limit if less than the default value eight can be handy administratively to limit structures available to ProCadd users. ----------------- resolution=1000.0 The "resolution=" parameter value is used to assign display resolution limits to the program. A default resolution of "1000" determines that the least definable unit from the (parameter description continued next page) Parameter File Definitions Page 127 display's standpoint is 1/1000 of the default unit of measure which is one inch or in the case of metric operation, one centimeter. If the user were to be drawing an island, this value would normally be set to "1". -------------- min_window=250 This "min_window=" parameter value assigns a zooming limit to the program in relation to the above mentioned "resolution=" value. The value of "250" results in a factor of 250/1000,(assuming "resolution=1000.0") or 1/4 inch. This limit means that the maximum zoom, or smallest real window size will be 0.250 inches. Depending on your particular display size the corresponding zoom limit would be 1/32x. This limit is installed to prevent visual distortion. If drawing is desired at levels smaller than allowed by this parameter, then resetting the resolution or scaled minimum window size will over-ride the default. ---------- pick_app=3 The "pick_app" parameter variable allows the ProCadd Cadd User to define the proximity limitations as interpreted by the program in defining specific elements or endpoints by user noted points nearby. The defining units are pixels. For example, if the variable is set as "pick_app=3", any point which is mouse selected by the user within three pixels of an existing element or endpoint will automatically be interpreted as that element or endpoint. (parameter description continued next page) Parameter File Definitions Page 128 The default setting of the program as delivered is a value of "3". If, however, you are operating a display at above 800x600 or if you would prefer that the program assume location based upon more liberal proximity's, then you will need to change this value to "4" or more as is most comfortable. ---------------- circle_chords=48 Display representations of circles or other curved elements are made up of a group of small chords with varying vectors pieced together to give a presentation of the desired circle. The greater the number of units making up the elements, the more taxing it is on the resources of the computer but with better resolution. The "circle_chords=" parameter is were the user can define that number. ----------- user_units= The "user_units=" parameter determines whether or not metric units will be used in the program. When "user_units=" is set to a value representing a metric unit of measure, it can be considered to be in metric mode. When in metric mode, the standard unit as defined as one is centimeter instead of inch. This mode affects operations including plotter functions, dimension operations and text sizing. When this parameter is set to "5", metric operation will not be default and the standard unit will be one inch. If this parameter is set to "2" and therefore metric operations are desired, the user would probably also want to redefine the "dimresol=" and dim_units=" parameters. These would change the defaults in the Dimension functions to metric units and a decimal resolution. If the user has not specified any values at these related parameters, the program will default to cm and 1/10 resolution. Parameter File Definitions Page 129 Drawing is in metric format, the program will automatically flag all files as metric unless either the status is switched at New Drawing or a U.S. format saved drawing is retrieved thereby changing the internal flag to U.S. The current values available for "user_units=" are: user_units=2 - centimeters (metric) 5 - inches (U.S. Standard) --------------- spline_points=0 If the "spline_points=" parameter is 0, or false, then when a spline element is appearing on the screen it will not be displayed with it's spline path points unless and until it is chosen as an object of manipulation. If however the variable is coded 1, then the spline path points will always be displayed. ------ drag=0 If the "drag=" parameter is set as 0, then when using the drag characteristics associated with functions such move or copy, the dragged image will be a rectangle outline representing the object of manipulation. If though it is set to 1, an actual image depicting the object will be dragged for placement. ---------- may_drag=0 The "may_drag=" parameter option when set as 1 will give the user a menu option when appropriate allowing the selection of "drag all" or "drag box" to be toggled between. Parameter File Definitions Page 130 --------- loadbnd=0 If the "loadbnd=" parameter is set as 1, all elements on the screen will be enclosed in a boundary box rectangle displayed in red. The boundary box represents the full extent of the North, South, East and West components of each element as enclosed. ----------- file_sort=1 0 - no sort 1 - sort by name ascending 2 - sort by name descending 3 - sort by date ascending 4 - sort by date descending 5 - sort by size ascending 6 - sort by size descending This "file_sort=" parameter defines the initial default sort type when entering the drawing, symbol and parts file management menus. ------------ file_filter=1 The "file_filter=" parameter option determines whether the filter or no filter mode will be shown as default at the drawing, symbol and part file management menus. file_filter=0 -> default is "NO FILTER" 1 -> default is "FILTER" ------------- text_size=0.1 The "text_size=" parameter is set in decimal formatted inches as a default text height used in the text editing and dimension areas of ProCadd. (parameter description continued next page) Parameter File Definitions Page 131 When the drawing is scaled as in the Plot function the text size is automatically readjusted to maintain it's default or redefined size as otherwise noted in the text or dimension menus. The program default text size is 0.1 inches or 0.254 centimeters. If some other text size is preferred to be used as a default value, it should be entered in the Parameters File as a qualified value. If the value is unqualified, the value will be understood as a factor of the default unit. ----------- real_text=0 When the "real_text=" parameter is set as 0, the program will default as "fast text" on the program menu and will toggle to "real text". Similarly when this parameter is set as 1 the program will default to "real text". ------------------ df_file_name_gen=0 sym_file_name_gen=0 sp_file_name_gen=0 The default file name, symbol name and standard parts name generation option setting determine whether of not ProCadd will automatically generate the file name as derived from the file number and the revision number. If this setting is set to "1", ProCadd will assign a File Name. The File Name will be derived from up to the first ten characters of the File Number represented by the first eight being the file and the other two being the first two of the extension. The final character or the third character of the extension will be the first character of the Revision Number. When the setting is "0", the user must specify a file name himself. Parameter File Definitions Page 132 ------------------------------- drawings= -> Drawing file storage directory symbols= -> Symbol file storage directory stdparts= -> Standard Parts file storage directory plotters= -> Plotter driver storage directory fonts= -> Text fonts directory entfile= -> Entity file location tmp= -> Temporary directory for file swapping symfile= -> Symbol entity file location params= -> Parameter file location cadfile= -> Instant load file identity These parameters act as pointers setting the default path for the utility files and program functions as described. ------------------------------------------------------------ color1pen=1 -> dark blue color9pen=1 -> medium blue color2pen=1 -> dark green color10pen=1 -> bright green color3pen=1 -> turquoise color11pen=1 -> cyan color4pen=1 -> dark red color12pen=1 -> bright red color5pen=1 -> purple color13pen=1 -> magenta color6pen=1 -> brown color14pen=1 -> yellow color7pen=1 -> soft white color15pen=1 -> bright white color8pen=1 -> gray This "color??pen=" variable is used to assign default plotter pen numbers to colors as drawn in ProCadd using the various attribute colors. Generally only a few colors are used as standards and in the parameter field set the user can customize pen assignments to those colors as desired. --------------- bit_length=0.05 The "bit_size=" parameter is default set to 0.05. This value acts as a calculation constant so that ProCadd can resize line structures for display and plot purposes. When this variable is set to 0.05 for instance, all below mentioned line structure definitions must be must be specified such that each component is evenly divisible by 0.05. Parameter File Definitions Page 133 ------------------------ style2=.1,.1 style3=.2,.2 style4=.15,.1,.05,.1 style5=.1,.1,.1,.1,.3,.1 style6=.4,.4 style7=.3,.1 style8=.35,.05 There are eight user definable line structures available to the ProCadd user, assuming that the "structs=" parameter has not limited the program to less than eight. These structures are defined at the "style?=" variables of which there are seven because the eighth is always a solid line. These definitions are represented in ProCadd as the default structure selections in the Attributes and Plot sections of the program. When designing or editing these definitions there are some rules pertaining to the relative distance values used to describe each structure/style cycle. These are: 1. Each entry must be a multiple of the "bit_size=" value as listed in the parameter above. The default is 0.05. 2. There must be a comma between each entry. 3. The number of values in the definition list for each structure must be less than or equal to eight. 4. The entry value divided by the bit size is the number of bits represented by each value entered. The sum of these representations or the total bits represented by each definition must be equal to 2, 4, 8, or 16. Style 5 for example lists values equaling .8. This value therefore represents 16 bits. Parameter File Definitions Page 134 -------------- width1=0.0 width2=0.0 width3=0.0 width4=0.0 width5=0.0 width6=0.0 width7=0.0 width8=0.0 In ProCadd there are eight available line width selections in the Attributes as well as in the Plot function menu. The default values for these line widths are specified here with the "width?=" parameters. ------------------------- scale1=1.000000000,1'=1' scale2=0.500000000,6"=1' scale3=0.250000000,3"=1' scale4=0.125000000,1-1/2"=1' scale5=0.083333333,1"=1' scale6=0.062500000,3/4"=1' scale7=0.041666667,1/2"=1' scale8=0.031250000,3/8"=1' scale9=0.020833333,1/4"=1' scale10=0.01562500,3/16"=1' scale11=0.01041667,1/8"=1' scale12=0.00781250,3/32"=1' scale13=0.00833333,1"=10' scale14=0.00166667,1"=50' scale15=0.00083333,1"=100' In the ProCadd Plot Function menu there are 15 available default menu options for drawing scales. These defaults are defined here in the "scale?=" parameters. When entering the Plot function menu, only those scales defined will display. Parameter File Definitions Page 135 ------------- dimresol=-16 This "dimresol=" parameter sets the default display dimension accuracy minimum as is used in the Dimension function menu of ProCadd. These are the available settings: 10000 - display to .0001 -2 - display to 1/2 1000 - display to .001 -4 - display to 1/4 100 - display to .01 -8 - display to 1/8 10 - display to .1 -16 - display to 1/116 -32 - display to 1/32 If the default user preference were metric then a decimal default would likely be preferable. --------- dimmark=1 This setting, "dimmark=" determines whether ProCadd will display length dimensions using unqualified numbers, tickmarks or units of measure. These values apply: dimmark=0 - unqualified 1 - tickmarks (default in U.S. mode) 2 - units of measure (default in metric mode) ----------- dim_units=6 The "dim_units=" parameter determines the initially displayed default unit of measurement when in the dimension function. The following values are available for this parameter. dim_units=1 -> millimeters 2 -> centimeters (default when user_units=2) 3 -> meters 4 -> kilometers 5 -> inches 6 -> feet/inches (default when user_unit=5) Parameter File Definitions Page 136 ------------- dim_arrow=0.1 In the Dimension function menu of ProCadd, the default dimension arrow size is determined here in the "dim_arrow=" parameter. The program default arrow size is 0.1 inches or 0.254 centimeters. If some other text size is preferred to be used as a default value, it should be entered in the Parameters File as a qualified value. If the value is unqualified, the value will be understood as a factor of the default unit. Page Parameter File Definitions Page 13 --------------------- dim_color=14 -> Dimension arrow indicator color dim_text_color=14 -> Dimension description text color dim_witness_color=14 -> Witness color Using the following color selection chart to choose dimension aspect colors for the above three parameters. 1 -> dark blue 9 -> medium blue 2 -> dark green 10-> bright green 3 -> turquoise 11-> cyan 4 -> dark red 12-> bright red 5 -> purple 13-> magenta 6 -> brown 14-> yellow 7 -> soft white 15 bright white 8 -> gray Parameter File Definitions Page 137 ---------- plotter=HP paper_size=D orientation=0 These three parameters determine the default device driver, paper size and orientation. Plotter options - HP - Hewlett Packard HI - Houston Instruments Paper_size options - A - 8.5" x 11" B - 11" x 17" C - 17" x 22" D - 22" x 34" E - 34" x 44" Orientation options - 0 - landscape 1 - portrait ------- beep=10 After sending output to the plotter, ProCadd will play a beep as specified by the "beep=" parameter. If the value entered is 10, there will be ten beeps generated on command. To sample or test the beeps press Alt-F2 from ProCadd. ------------------------- beep=C:\CAD650\session\kotek3 beep=C:\CAD650\session\kotek4 beep=C:\CAD650\session\mary3 beep=C:\CAD650\session\mary4 If some other tone arrangement is preferred to the beeps then save the arrangement and specify the file name as exampled above. If more than one beep statement are listed in the params file, each will be played in it's turn. Parameter File Definitions Page 138 -------------------------- color1=7 color8= color2=4 color9= color3=2 color10= color4=9 color11= color5=10 color12= color6=5 color13= color7=14 color14= If you are retrieving drawings, as saved with a version of the program prior to version 6.0.5, you will need to enter these parameters in order to convert the saved colors to those as recognized with your current version of the program. ------------- help=phdr.exe The "help=" parameter direct the program to the help execute file as is relevant to your version of this program. ----------------- shell=command.com While within the program the user can shell to DOS and return to the program by typing "EXIT". This "shell=" parameter directs the program to the operating system. -------- pw_dma=6 pw_irq=10 pw_port=816 These three "pw" parameters involve the specific support for Pixelworks video graphics adapters. If you have this type of hardware, consult your Pixelworks manual concerning these variables and their required settings. Parameter File Definitions Page 139 APPENDIX E ========== Plotter Device Driver Definitions Plotter Cable Construction Computer Plotter (pin number) (pin number) 2 -------------- 3 3 -------------- 2 20 -------------- 5 7 -------------- 7 6 ------+ | jumper 20 ------+ Plotter Driver Parameters Plotter drivers are provided for Houston Instruments and Hewlett Packard. If you have another type plotter, it will probably emulate one of these. If not, you may need to set up your own plotter parameters driver. Below are listed some of the parameters which may be listed or need to be listed in your specific driver. Use these definitions to modify or create your driver as necessary. ------- format= FORMAT TYPE - This parameter determines the program plotter driver output format. The available settings are: format=0 - HPGL - Hewlett Packard Graphics Language 1 - DMPL - Digital Microprocessor Plotting Language Plotter Device Driver Definitions Page 140 --------- plottype= This parameter describes the type of plotter used. plottype=1 - Flatbed 2 - Autoscale Flatbed type plotters are rarely used anymore but if so this parameter will output to them correctly. The Autoscale type plotter means that the scale entered in the Plot function menu of the program is ignored and the drawing is automatically scaled to fit the paper. This type also would be rarely used since the Plot function contains a Fit To Page option. ------- arctol= ARC TOLERANCE - The arc tolerance determines how smooth arcs and circles will plot. This is specified in terms of the amount of acceptable error. The acceptable error is selected in plotter steps. An arc tolerance of 1.0 is best suited for most applications. ------ steps= PLOTTER STEPS PER INCH - This parameter is the resolution of your plotter. This information is in your plotter manual. Specifying the wrong steps per inch will cause your plotter to plot elements incorrectly. Most plotters specify a 1000.0 steps per inch resolution setting. ----- pens= NUMBER OF PENS - Here is where the user specifies the maximum number of pens that their plotter has. Plotter Device Driver Definitions Page 141 ------ pause= PAUSE BETWEEN PENS - If this parameter is set at "1", the program will stop after each pen number, as assigned in the Plot function menu, and the program will prompt the operator to change pens in the case of single pen plotters. -------- pensort= PEN SORT - This option sorts the elements that are to be plotted by their color. This is useful when you are using a single pen plotter. If this option is on, all elements of one color will be plotted before a pen change is done. ----------- output=com2 CHANGE THE OUTPUT PORT - This parameter allows the user to tell ProCadd Cadd which port the plotter in connected to. This will be one of the COM ports on the system. ---- xon= COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL - This parameter allows the user to choose XON/XOFF protocol for the driver in question. A "1" entered at this parameter denotes the use of XON/XOFF protocol. A "0" disables it. --------- hardwire= COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL - This parameter allows the user to choose hardwire protocol for the driver in question. (parameter discussion continued next page) Plotter Device Driver Definitions Page 142 This type is the most common protocol and is used for both Houston Instrument and Hewlett Packard. A "1" entered at this parameter denotes the use of hardwire protocol. A "0" disables it. --------- velocity= PLOTTER VELOCITY - This parameter allows the operator to specify the maximum velocity for the plotter. Valid Choices are between 1 and 16. If you doing many plots using a fine ink pen you may want to slow down the plotter to about a velocity of 4. If you are using mostly ball point, felt or bold ink pens, you may want to increase the velocity to 16. The most common velocity is 16. --------- swapp1p2= In the case of most plotters, the locations as identified as P1 and P2 are bottom left and top right respectively. If this option is set to "1", these positions are negated. ---------- read_pen=1 The plotter is normally connected directly to the machine from which the user plots. If the plotter is "format=" type "0" or HP, the program will talk to the plotter using the port specified by the "output=" parameter to read the current P1 and P2. The "pen_read=" parameter overrides this behavior to allow the user to plot to a disk file, network plotter or a plotter connected to a parallel port. If the parameter is set to "0", the program will not try to talk to the plotter. Instead, it will determine the drawing (parameter discussion continued next page) Plotter Device Driver Definitions Page 143 area on the paper using the margin parameters. As a side effect, if "format=0" and "pen_read=1", the margins defined in the Plot function are only used to determine default scaling and are ignored during plotting. ------------ left_margin= bottom_margin= right_margin= top_margin= The Left, Bottom, Right and Top Margin plotter parameters are used to set default margins to be used in the Plot function variable options. These settings should be specified in decimal numeric inch form. ------------ read_limits= This parameter when set true, or "1" instructs the program to read hard clip limits from the plotter to determine the exact size and starting pen position. This parameter is intended for plotters with pen in center starting points where current pen position does not specify lower left of the plotting area. The "read_pen=" parameter when true takes precedence and allows the manual setting of the pen before plotting. Plotter Device Driver Definitions Page 144 APPENDIX F ========== Troubleshooting 1. If there is not a mouse driver currently present, the program will not start. 2. Occasionally, because of some corruption in the current active file which is loaded upon executing ProCadd, the program may have difficulty loading. The active or entity file can be re-initialized by typing the following command from DOS. [path]procad dwgini Also because of the fact that one of the symbol files, the one last used, is also an entity file and is immediately available when needed without calling it up, it may also be corrupted. The active symbol file can be initialized by the following command. [path]procad symini Troubleshooting Page 145