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DESIGN.C18
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** E-Mail Desktop Publishing Design Course **
***** LESSON 8B *****
Photographic Illustration or Halftones
Readers tend to think of photographs as being more "real" than
drawings. But, as with drawings, much depends upon the quality of the
original. Any "mug shot" type photos should be all of the same scale
and have the same type of background.
Photos which are a simple rectangle are referred to as "squared up",
while photos from which some or all of the background has been removed
are called "contours". There are no rules for when to use one or the
other. A well made contour can be dramatic and add life to a page, but
the original must be suited to the treatment. The contour shape must
be clearly defined against the background and photos with too much
detail are difficult to contour.
Bled illustrations - When a photo, tint panel, or any illustration
runs off the edge of a page it is said to "bleed". In order to achieve
this effect in printing the illustration has to be scaled to allow an
extra 1/8" on the bled side(s). This is to compensate for any movement
in the paper during printing and allow for the tolerances needed in
trimming the paper. The width does not have to be increased where the
picture runs to the inside of a page, but remember that with some
bindings it is possible to lose some of the picture into the gutter.
The effect of bleeding on the layout is to give a very powerful
direction to the page. It is particularly important to plan bled
pictures as spreads. The direction of the bleeds will profoundly
effect the appearance of the opposite page. Make sure that the
directions of the bled photos compliment one another rather than
conflict.
┌───────────┬──────────┐ ┌──────────┬───────────┐
│ ┌───┐ │xxx┌──────┤ │ ┌────┐│xxx ┌──────┤
│ │ │ │xxx│ │ │ │ ││xxx │ │
│ │ │ │xxx│ │ │ │ ││xxx │ │
│ └───┘ │xxx└──────┤ │ └────┘│xxx └──────┤
│ xxxxxx │xxx │ │xxxxxx │xxx │
│ xxxxxx │xxx │ │xxxxxx │xxx │
├─────┐ │xxx┌──────┤ │ │xxx ┌──────┤
│ │ │xxx│ │ │ xxxx │xxx │ │
│ │ │xxx│ │ ├─────┐ │xxx │ │
├─────┘ │xxx└──────┤ │ │ │xxx └──────┤
│ │xxx │ │ │ │xxx │
│ │xxx │ │ │ │xxx │
└───────────┴──────────┘ └─────┴────┴───────────┘
Complimentary Conflicting
**Captions for illustrations - Fitting captions is part of your
overall design problem. Readers should not be left in any doubt about
which illustration is which. Nor should they be compelled to play hunt
the caption.
The treatment of the captions will depend on the nature of the
illustrations and their relationship to the text. In rare cases, when
illustrations are purely decorative, captions may not be necessary.
But for the most part illustrations do need captions and it is
important for the reader that they be placed intelligently and
helpfully.
Type for captions - Captions need to be distinguished from the text.
The simplest method is to set them in a smaller size, however this can
look ugly and make them look too small for comfort.
Alternatives are: setting in the same size as the text but bolding or
italicizing them; if colour is available, setting them to the same
size as the text but in a different colour; and setting them the same
size as the text but ruling them off to link them to the illustration.
Much will depend on how important the caption is to the rest of the
text. If they are merely identifying illustrations with a numeral
and/or name, then setting them a size smaller is probably the best
bet. But if they are extended captions to be read in their own right
apart from the text, then one of the other methods might be
considered.
Positioning captions - The obvious position for captions is at a
constant distance below the relevant illustration and for many
documents this will be the best solution. But captions can be a
moveable element which can help to enliven a page, or if not done
sensitively, they can interfere with an otherwise neat and stylish
layout.
*** End of Lesson 8 ***