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Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1995
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1. American Arctic-Paleosiberian Eskimo-Aleut 2. Na-Dene Chuk chi-Kamchatkan Athabascan (Apache, Beaver, Carrier, Chippewyan, Denaina, Dogrib, Hare, Hupa, Koyukon, Kutchin, Mattole **, Navajo, Sarsi, Slave, Tolowa, Yellowknife, and others) Tingit Haida 3. Macro-Algonkian Algonquian (Arapaho, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Cree, Delaware, Fox, Kickapoo, Menominee, Mcmac, Montagnais, Ojibwa, Passamaquoddy- Malecite, Penobscot, Potawatomi, Shawnee, and others) Yurok wiyot Muskogean (Alabama, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Hitchiti **, Koasati, Mk asuki, Seminole) Natchez ** Atakapa ** Chitimacha ** Tunica ** Tonkawa ** 4. Macro-Si ouan Siouan (Biloxi **, Cow, Dakota [Lakota, Sioux], Hidatsa, Kansa Ofo **, Omaha, Osage, Ponca, Quapaw, Tutelo **, Winnebago) Catawba ** Iroquian (Cayuga, Cherokee, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca, Tuscarora, Wyandot [ Huron ** )) Caddoan (Arikara, Caddo, Pawnee, Wichita) Yuch 5. Hokan (see also Table 2-1) Yuman (Cocopa, Diegueno, Havasupai, Maricopa, Mojave, Walapai, Yavapai, Yuma [Quechan]) Pomo (several languages) Palahnihan (Achomawi, Atsugewi) Shas tan Yanan ** Chimariko ** Washo Esselen ** Salinan ** Karok Chumashan (several languages ** ) Comerciudan ** Coshuiltecan ** 6. Macro-Penutian (see also Table 2-4) Yokutsan Maiduan wintun (Nomlaki, Ratwin, Wintu) Mwok-Qustanoan (Mwok, Costanoan **- several languages) Klamath-Modoc Sahaptian (Nez Perce, Sahaptin, Yakima) Cayuse ** Molale ** Coos Yakonan (Alsea, Siuslaw, Umpqua) ** Takelma ** Kalapuya Chinookan Tsim shian Zuri 7. Aztec-Tanoan (see also Table 2-2) Kiowa-Tanoan Uto-Aztecan (Kio wa, Tewa, Tiwa, Towa) (Bannock, Cahuilla, Chemehuevi-Southem Paiute, Comanche, Oupeno, Hopi, Kawaiisu, Luiseno, Mono, Northem Paiute, Panamint, Ama-Papago, Serrano, Shoshoni, Tubatulabal, Ute, Yaqui, and others) Unclassified Languages of North America Kersan Yukian (Yuki, Wappo) Beothuk ** Kutenai Karankawa ** Chimakuan (Quileute, Chemakum ** ) Salish (Bella Coola, Coeur d'Alene, Comox, Flathead, Kalispel, Lilloet, Lower Chehalis, Pend D'Oreille, Shushwap, Squamish, Thompson, Tilamook , Upper Chehalis, and others) Wakashan (Bella Bella, Kwakwala [Kwakiud ], Makah, Nitinat, Nootka, and others) Timucua ** * Phyla are numbered, with families listed and representative languages in parentheses. Some families are isolates consisting of only one language. ** Extinct language or family. These judgements are conservative: other languages have only a few elderly speakers or may have recently joined this category.
