Labels:text | screenshot | font | black and white | number | menu | document OCR: Venera 1 Feb. 12, 1961 Flyby Communications failed Feb. 27, 1964, at distance of 7.5 million km (4.7 million mi) from Earth; probe was launched from Zond 1 Apr. 2, 1964 Sputnik 8, which was in Earth orbit Flyby Communications failed about Venera 2 Nov. 12, 1965 May 14, 1964 Flyby Communications failed just before flyby on Feb. 27, 1966 Venera 3 Nov. 16, 1965 Atmosphere Communications failed just before probe entry into atmosphere on Mar. 1, 1966 Venera 4 June 12, 1967 Atmosphere First retum of data from within probe atmosphere on Oct. 18, 1967; crushed at altitude of 27 km (17 mi) Venera 5 Jan. 5, 1969 Atmosphere Entered atmosphere on May 16, 1969; probe retumed data for 53 min down to an altitude of 24 to 26 km (15 to 16 mi) Venera 6 Jan. 10, 1969 Atmosphere Entered atmosphere on May 17, 1969; probe retumed data for 51 min down to an altitude of 10 to 12 km (6 to 7 mi) Venera 7 Aug. 17, 1970 Lander First successful landing on Dec. 15, 1970; Venera 8 Mar. 27, 1972 returned data for 23 min from surface Lander Successful landing on July 22, 1972; retumed data for 50 min. from surface Venera 9 June 8,1975 Lander/orbiter Became first spacecraft to orbit Venus on Oct. 22,1975; lander returned first picture and data for 53 min from surface on same day Venera 10 June 14, 1975 Lander/orbiter Became second spacecraft to orbit Venus on Oct. 25,1975; retumed picture and data for 65 min from Venera 11 Sept. 9, 1978 Flyby/lander surface on same day Successful landing on Dec. 19, 1978; retumed data for 11 0 min from Venera 12 Sept. 14, 1978 surface Flyby/lander Successful landing on Dec. 25, 1978; retumed data for 95 min from surface Venera 13 Oct. 30, 1981 Fly/robot Successful landing on Mar. 1,1982; lander scooped up soil and transmitted data, including first color photos, for 127 min Venera 14 Nov. 4, 1981 Flyby/ robot Successful landing on Mar. 5, 1982; lander transmitted soil data for nearly 60 min Venera 15 June 2, 1983 Orbiter Entered orbit around Venus on Oct. 10, 1983; began returning radar Venera 16 June 7, 1983 images of the surface 6 days later Orbiter Entered orbit around Venus on Oct. 14, 1983; began retuming radar images of the surface 6 days later Vega 1 Dec. 15, 1984 Balloon/lander Ballon and lander entered atmosphere Vega 2 Dec. 21, 1984 Balloon/lander and separated on June 10, 1985 Ballon and lander entered atmosphere and separated on June 15, 1985 Source: Adapted from Nicholas L. Johnson, "Soviet Atmospheric and Surface Venus Probes," Spaceflight, June 1978.
