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SanJuan.txt
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1996-11-15
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227 lines
Updated 10/25/96
* Precise strengths of units present from
Maj Gen Wheelers book.
* Setup Roosevelt so he's the acting commander
of the Rough Riders.
* Fixed errors in Order of Battle and text
* Reduced vitality to slow americans down
* reduced delays
Battle of:
San Juan and Kettle Hills
July 1, 1898
Spanish-American War
Decisive land battle of the Spanish American war.
This assault on the forward positions of the Spanish
defenses was suppose to culminate in the capture of
Santiago de Cuba. The battle, even though the United
States was victorious, gave the army insight into its
lack of preparedness and the intensity of modern weapons.
The Shafter's plan consisted of Lawton capturing the
garrison at El Caney and driving south to attack the
Spanish left flank on the San Juan Heights. With Lawton
bogged down at El Caney the US plan fell into disorder.
Regiments were ordered into position below the two hills,
but no decision was made to initiate the assault.
Shafter, 5th Corps leader, made his command post a few miles
east of the battle preventing him from having effective
control over the battle. Kent, the infantry division leader,
finally ordered an assault at 1:00pm after numerous casualties
were inflicted upon American troops. The dismounted cavalry
division followed shortly after obtaining permission. The
decisive point in the battle came when Lt. Parker brought his
battery of Gatling guns into action. Spanish troops retreated
towards Fort Canosa after fighting all day and the demoralizing
affect of Parker's Gatling guns.
Most American casualties were caused at the base of San Juan
and Kettle Hills while waiting for orders. 205 men were killed
and 1177 wounded fighting on July 1st(124 KIA 817 WIA San Jaun -
81 KIA, 360 WIA El Caney). On July 1st 10% of all US
troops on Cuba became casualties attacking the forward, lightly
held defenses of Santiago de Cuba. Spanish losses were 35% of
the 1700 men assigned to the forward defenses. Kettle Hill was
named after an iron kettle found on the hill.
Order of Battle
United States 5th Corps - Major General Shafter (8200 men)
I. 1st Division (Brig. Gen. Kent)
1st Brigade (Brig. Gen. Hawkins)
71st New York Rgt.(958)- armed with Single Shot Springfield
6th US Infantry Rgt.(464)
16th US Infantry Rgt.(630)
2nd Brigade (Col. Pearson)
2nd US Infantry Rgt.(619)
10th US Infantry Rgt.(471)
21st US Infantry Rgt.(467)
3rd Brigade (Col. Wikoff) - Lt. Col Ewers after Wikoff was killed
9th US Infantry Rgt.(487)
13th US Infantry Rgt.(460)
24th US Infantry Rgt.(534) - Black Regiment
II. Cavalry Division (Maj. Gen. Wheeler) Young took over because Wheeler was sick
1st Brigade (Brig. Young) Wood replaced Young
1st US Volunteer Cavalry(542) "Rough Riders" (Wood)Roosevelt tool over from Wood
1st US Cavalry Rgt.(522)
10th US Cavalry Rgt.(472) "Buffalo Soldiers"
2nd Brigade (Gen. Sumner)
3rd US Cavalry Rgt.(442)
6th US Cavalry Rgt.(443)
9th US Cavalry Rgt.(219) "Buffalo Soldiers"
III. Parker's Battery 4 Gatling guns
Grimes's Battery 4 3.2" guns
Best's Battery 4 3.2" guns
Parkhurst's Battery 4 3.2" guns
Spanish (Gen Linares) 1222 men - Gen Jose Toral after Linares was wounded
I. 521 men of the ?Asia Rgt.? (Vasquero) on San Juan Heights
2 Krupp quick firing guns
II. Fort Canosa Defense 701
3 Companies of the Talaveras Regiment (411)
Naval Contingent (150)
Cuban mounted loyalists (140) - screening force
1-6.3 inch gun
1-4.7 inch gun
Sources:
Cosmas, Graham A., An Army For Empire: The United States
Army in the Spanish American War. (White Mane Publishing
Company, Inc. 1994)
Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars.
Volume 1 1689-1900 (Henry Holt & Company, Inc 1995)
Gay, Kathlyn and Martin, The Spanish American War
Twenty-First Century Books (Henry Holt & Company,
Inc 1995)
Hillman, Rolfe L. III, "America's First Rapid Deployment
Force" Command, Issue 37/May 1996 pg. 40-54
Trask, David F., The War With Spain In 1898,
(University of Nebraska Press, 1981)
Wheeler, Joseph. The Santiago Campaign: 1898
(Lamson, Wolffe, 1898)
Game Notes:
15 turns
100 yd/10 min
Springfield single shot - SS BA Long Rifle
Krag-Jorgensen Model 1892 Rifle - MF BA Rifle
Krag-Jorgensen Model 1892 Carbine - MF BA Carbine
Model 1898 Mauser - MF BA Long Rifle
3.2-inch gun - 12 pdr RBL Gun
6.3-inch gun - 15 pdr RBL Gun
4.7-inch gun - 13 pdr RBL Gun
Krupp quick firing gun - 75mm QFRBL Gun
Medal of Honor List
CANTRELL, CHARLES P.
Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Nashville, Tenn. Born: 13 February 1874, Smithville, Tenn. Date of issue: 22 June
1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire
from the enemy.
CUMMINS, ANDREW J.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: ------. Birth: Alexandria, Ind. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly assisted
in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire of the enemy.
DE SWAN, JOHN F.
Rank and organization: Private, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Philadelphia, Pa. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation:
Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
DOHERTY, THOMAS M.
Rank and organization: Corporal, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Newcastle, Maine. Birth: Ireland. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and while under heavy fire from the enemy.
FOURNIA, FRANK O.
Rank and organization: Private, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Plattsburg, N.Y. Birth: Rome, N.Y. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and while under heavy fire of the enemy.
KELLER, WILLIAM
Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago de Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Buffalo, N.Y. Birth: Buffalo, N.Y. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire of the enemy.
KELLY, THOMAS
Rank and organization: Private, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago de Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Birth: Ireland. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and while under heavy fire from the enemy.
MILLS, ALBERT L.
Rank and organization: Captain and Assistant Adjutant General, U.S. Volunteers. Place and date: Near
Santiago, Cuba, 1 July 1898. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Birth: New York, N.Y. Date of issue: 9 July
1902. Citation: Distinguished gallantry in encouraging those near him by his bravery and coolness after being
shot through the head and entirely without sight.
NASH, JAMES J.
Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Louisville, Ky. Birth: Louisville, Ky. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
NEE, GEORGE H.
Rank and organization: Private, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Boston, Mass. Birth: Boston, Mass. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
PFISTERER, HERMAN
Rank and organization: Musician, Company H, 21st U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at New York, N.Y. Birth: Brooklyn, N.Y. Date of issue: 22 June 1899 Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
POLOND, ALFRED
Rank and organization: Private, Company F, 10th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Lapeer, Mich. Birth: Lapeer, Mich. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation: Gallantly
assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and while under heavy fire of the enemy.
QUINN, ALEXANDER M.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, Company A, 13th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 1 July
1898. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth: Passaic, N.J. Date of issue: 22 June 1899. Citation:
Gallantly assisted in the rescue of the wounded from in front of the lines and under heavy fire from the enemy.
WELBORN, IRA C.
Rank and organization: Second Lieutenant, 9th U.S. Infantry. Place and date: At Santiago, Cuba, 2 July 1898.
Entered service at: Mico, Miss. Birth: Mico, Miss. Date of issue: 21 June 1899. Citation: Voluntarily left shelter
and went, under fire, to the aid of a private of his company who was wounded.
Any Comments, suggestions, or information on this battle
or the Spanish-American War my email is:
75522.2004@compuserve.com
Scott Hermon