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UPDATE.DOC, ARJ 2.60 FULL RELEASE October 1997 This documents new or updated information since ARJ 2.50. ** IMPORTANT NEWS **************************************************** The name of our company has changed to ARJ Software, Inc. ARJ Software, Inc. is now marketing two archiver products, ARJ and a new archiver JAR (JAR16/JAR32), that produces "J" archives which are not compatible with ARJ. The 32 bit version of JAR (JAR32) supports the Windows NT operating system version 3.50 and above as well as Windows 95. We have developed the new archiver, JAR, so that we could provide state of the art data compression with solid archiving techniques and new compression algorithms. These improvements could not be added to ARJ without introducing serious compatibility issues with older releases of ARJ. JAR16/32 compresses significantly better than ARJ and PKZIP for many files and provides long filename support for both Windows 95 and Windows NT. JAR16/32 duplicates much of ARJ's powerful functionality and provides new original functionality, too. However, it does not duplicate ARJ and it requires more system resources (memory and cpu power) to run. See our web site for a copy of this archiver. Please note that it is our intention to continue supporting and enhancing the ARJ product. There are a significant number of new features in this release of ARJ. ARJ has the advantages of a large installed base, a simple archive format, significant third party software support, and a long history of reliable performance. We also plan to provide ARJ support for Windows. The "ARJ y archive -jb0" command is NOW used to convert a chapter archive to a standard archive instead of using "-jb*". This version has been changed with regard to the storage of the SFX modules and the built-in help information. The change now requires that MS-DOS 3.0 and above be used to access the SFX modules and the help information. Under DOS 2.11, the help screens and self-extractor creation will work if ARJ.EXE is located in the CURRENT directory. This change frees up more conventional memory for ARJ use. The mailing address of ARJ Software, Inc. has changed as of August 1993. ARJ Software, Inc. P.O. Box 249 Norwood MA 02062 USA FAX: 781-769-4893 as of September 1997 EMAIL: robjung@world.std.com There is ARJ Internet mailing list and WEB site support information added to the file ARJ.DOC. They are excerpted below: http://www.ARJSOFTWARE.com (ARJ homepage) http://www.ARJSOFT.com (ARJ homepage) http://www.Dunkel.de/ARJ (German and English) http://www.glo.be/tsf (French and English) You can find information about the world of ARJ on the Internet by using various search sites including www.altavista.com and www.dejanews.com. Our credit card ordering procedures have changed. We now process credit cards directly. --------- YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE STATEMENT This version of ARJ as well as all previous versions are YEAR 2000 compliant and will operate properly and with full functionality up to the year 2079. For more details, see ARJ.DOC. --------- This version of ARJ will use more conventional memory than previous versions of ARJ, but less than ARJ 2.55b. However, using the "-hm1" or "-hm!" option will reduce your memory requirements especially when archiving a large number of files. --------- After ARJ version 2.41a, full functionality of a small set of ARJ software features will NOT be available in the shareware versions of ARJ (registered or not). These features include the multiple volume self-extractor, the ARJSFX embedded command line feature, and the inhibit display messages option. The full featured versions will ONLY be available from ARJ Software, Inc. and its agents. Registered ARJ users can upgrade to this version for a small shipping/handling fee (five dollars) or a SASE with diskette. Check the WHATSNEW.DOC file for changes since ARJ 2.41a. --------- ** THIS VERSION OF ARJ HAS LONG FILENAME SUPPORT UNDER WINDOWS 95. ** REARJ NOW SUPPORTS LONG FILENAMES UNDER WINDOWS 95. Windows 95 DOS support (and therefore ARJ) do not support access to long filenames containing certain characters. For example, a filename containing the copyright symbol or the trademark symbol cannot be accessed in a Win95 DOS window with the COPY command or with ARJ. These type of filenames can only be accessed via their short names. The Win95 system normally stores filename characters as two bytes per symbol allowing an alphabet of 65536 possible symbols. Because Win95 DOS only uses one byte per character position allowing only a 256 symbol alphabet, many characters are displayed by Win95 DOS as "_". With a workaround, ARJ will "extract" long filename archives to other operating systems that support long filenames (OS/2, WinNT, Linux). The "-hf1" option along with the "-ji" option allows extracting files to "temporary" files to be later copied to the original long filenames. See the "-hf1" section for details. --------- This version now supports ARJ-SECURITY for multiple volume archives and multiple volume self-extractors. ARJ-SECURE users should note the upgrade information above. --------- New to this version of ARJ is a data damage protection option. A slightly damaged/corrupted ARJ file can be repaired if the archive was protected by creating a data protection file before the damage occurred. See below for more information. The current competing PKZIPFIX programs offers NO protection against damage to actual file data. PKZIPFIX fixes damaged archive directories. --------- New to this version of ARJ is the concept of backup CHAPTERS. This allows the user to do MULTIPLE full backups (up to 250) to a SINGLE archive in such a manner as to allow the full restoration of the files at the time of ANY of the backups (CHAPTERS). This allows the user to backtrack easily, a feature valuable to software developers. Deleted files are also accounted for in this chapter scheme. Inherent in this concept is disk space savings. To go along with the new CHAPTER feature, ARJ now supports the UPDATE of multiple volume archives. The "-hu" option is obsolete. To implement this feature reliably in multiple volumes, all new or changed files are added at the END of the LAST volume. This re-arrangement only occurs with multiple volume archives. This prevents the diskette overflow that would occur with earlier versions of ARJ. However, certain file attributes such as TEXT MODE may not be carried over to the updated file. Because of the new CHAPTER feature, ARJ NO LONGER SUPPORTS the old ARJ backup file feature. This is the old "-jb / -jg" functionality. This version of ARJ will not process this type of archive properly. The CHAPTER feature is powerful than the ARJ backup feature. See the "ac" command and "-jb" option for more information about CHAPTER archives. --------- New to this version is the "hollow" archive. This is an ARJ archive that does NOT contain the compressed file data. The main application for this kind of archive is scanning for CHANGED files. This makes the hollow archive useful for file integrity scanning as in virus damage scanning. However, this feature should not be used solely in place of a anti-virus program. --------- This version of ARJ provides a new encryption scheme based upon the Russian encryption algorithm (GOST 28147-89 cipher). This algorithm is similar in design to DES; however, GOST is designed for software implementation. GOST 28147-89 uses a 256 bit key and 32 rounds of encryption. In addition, this implementation of GOST also uses the 64 bit cipher feedback mode. This new encryption is accessed by using the "-g" option to specify the password and the "-hg" option to specify the new scheme. This new scheme is in addition to the older XOR garble scheme. ** Please NOTE that losing your password means losing your file! ** Please DO NOT ask for technical support on lost passwords. ** There is no shortcut/backdoor for determining lost passwords. The encryption module is a separate COM file named ARJCRYPT.COM. ARJ expects to find the encryption module in the same directory as itself. This has the advantage of saving space with the ARJSFXV module and the DEARJ.EXE module when encryption is not needed. You simply do not include the encryption module in the archive when not using encryption. For non-USA users, the encryption overlay module is not included with this version of ARJ. Because of USA export regulations, ARJ Software, Inc. may not export the encryption overlay module from the USA. --------- ARJ can archive up to 65,000 files at one time when the "-hm" option is specified. This option enables ARJ to use disk space instead of memory space to manage the names of the files being archived. The "-hm!" option uses XMS memory to manage the list of names. At this revision of ARJ, checking for duplicates is NOT disabled as it was in 2.50. --------- ARJ can now select files based upon the file attributes and/or file types. For example, you can build an archive that contains ONLY the directories and NOT the files on your hard drive. See the "-hb" option for details. --------- The multiple volume SELF-EXTRACTION FUNCTION is LIMITED in the ARJ shareware version. Only volumes of 360K or less in size can be created AND only such volumes will be processed by the self-extractor. This feature is accessed through the "-je" option along with the "-v" option. This multiple volume self-extractor supports ANSI escape sequence displays. It also supports ARJ-SECURE over multiple volumes and the new encryption method. --------- The extraction "-jo" option now works in cooperation with the "-f" and "-u" type options. Previously, the "-jo" option disabled the "-f" and "-u" options. --------- The "-g" option will NOW force compression even when a size increase results except when the "-m0" option is used. Encrypted compressed data is more secure than encrypted stored (-m0) data. --------- This version no longer detects the older 2.30 ARJ-SECURE archives. --------- ** CAUTIONS ** Whenever archiving to diskettes, it is HIGHLY recommended that the option "-jt" be used. This helps spot BAD diskettes or BAD diskette drives. It is HIGHLY recommended that the "-jt" option be used in a Windows or multi-tasking or network environment. The XMS accelerator in Hurricane 2.0 MAY interfere with the use of the ARJ -hm! option within a Windows DOS box. You can use the -hm option instead. UNERASE or UNDELETE commands do not always recover a file correctly. This will result in damaged archives. This is true for all archive types. You should always test an archive after unerasing it. CAUTION: To those who use the "-t1" and/or "-t1g" options to save a few extra bytes. This option should only be used on TEXT FILES. Those are files created by EDLIN, EDIT, QEDIT, BRIEF, NOTEPAD, and others. Text files typically contain only letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation marks. WORD PROCESSOR format files ARE NOT TEXT FILES! MS WORD, Wordperfect, AMIPRO, WRITE, and similar files ARE NOT TEXT FILES. Using the "-t1" or "-t1g" on any other kind of file probably will result in DATA LOSS! ********************************************************************** WINDOWS 95 LONG FILENAME SUPPORT This version of ARJ supports the use of long filenames under the Windows 95 in the MS-DOS Prompt environment. It does NOT support long filenames under MS-DOS 6.22 and below. It supports long filenames ONLY when the Windows 95 GUI (graphical user interface) is running. In other words, there is no long filename support in Windows 95 MS-DOS mode (accessed from the Win95 shutdown menu). The small ARJ self-extractor (-je1) does NOT support the handling of long filenames. The ARJSFX and ARJSFXV modules (-je) support long filename handling. However, they will only extract archived Win95 long filename files under Win95. If long filename files are being extracted to plain DOS, an error message will be displayed. They can be forced to extract the Win95 archived files with the "-j" option. For compatibility with MS-DOS and older versions of ARJ, ARJ can create a dual-name compatibility ARJ archive. This is an archive with both shortnames and longnames stored in it. The longnames are stored in the file comment field. New versions of ARJ will treat the dual-name archive according to the operating system environment. In other words, under MS-DOS, a dual-name archive will look like a shortname archive. Under Win95, a dual-name archive will look like a longname archive. This is also true of the ARJSFX and ARJSFXV modules (-je). For efficiency reasons ARJ does not repeatedly check for file system support of long filenames. ARJ only tests the "C:" file system. An error may occur if ARJ under Win95 tries to access a disk drive that does not support long filename handling. The "-hf" option can be used to force ARJ to use the standard 8.3 filename APIs instead of the longname APIs. There are four new options "-hf", "-hf1", "-hf2", and "-hf3" that provide choices in the handling of long filenames. See the discussion of those options below for more information. ARJ will save Win95 long filenames in the letter case they are stored on disk; however, all filename matching is done without regard to case. In other words, "ThisName.Ext" matches "thisNAME.ext". When archiving files under Windows 95, be sure to EXCLUDE files from processing that are OPEN such as WIN386.SWP. REMINDER: When specifying filenames with embedded blanks or symbols like ">", "<", or "|" on the command line, you MUST quote the filenames. Examples: ARJ a archive "C:\Program Files\*.*" -r ARJ c archive "<<<*" -jz -jb However, please note that ending a quoted filename with a "\" will not work as expected. The "\" before a special character will quote it literally. The string \" will result in a literal double quote mark. This is not a feature of ARJ. Example: "C:\Program Files\" will be translated to C:\Program Files" You will need to use two backslash marks as in "\\". Example: "C:\Program Files\\" For Windows 95 disaster recovery, we make use of the program DOSLFNBK.EXE 1.5 by D. J. Murdoch. With this program while in plain DOS, you can save all of the long filenames to BACKUP.LFN. Then you can use ARJ or any other DOS backup scheme to backup your system including the BACKUP.LFN. CAUTION: DOSLFNBK 1.5 may not work on all Windows 95 versions. It apparently does NOT WORK on VFAT32 Windows 95. Here is a brief list of steps to backup and restore: 1) Make a Win95 startup diskette if you do not have one. 2) Shutdown to MS DOS mode. 3) While you are on the C: drive, execute "DOSLFNBK C:\". Change to the D: drive (if any) and execute "DOSLFNBK D:\". Execute DOSLFNBK for each drive on each drive. 4) Use ARJ or other DOS backup program to backup ALL of the files. Example: ARJ a A:backup C:\*.* D:\*.* -r -a1 -jt1 -va -jf CAUTION: For important backups, we always make TWO BACKUPS of my system. All too often, one or more files will not restore correctly because of some data error (MURPHY'S LAW in action). 5) Save ARJ.EXE or your backup program to diskettes in a restorable form. 6) Backup finished. 1) Boot from your Win95 startup diskette. 2) Execute "SYS C:" from the A: drive to re-install the boot. 3) Install ARJ.EXE or your backup program on the hard drive. 4) Restore all of the files. Example: ARJ x A:backup -v -jf -y -ha 5) On each drive, execute "DOSLFNBK /r" to restore the long filenames. 6) Restore finished. ARJ RESPONSE FILE PROCESSING ARJ will accept an ARJ command line from a response file as in "ARJ @command.rsp". The "@" symbol indicates that the appended name is the name of the response file. In this case, the file is command.rsp. The response file symbol cannot be changed. The response file should contain the ARJ command line minus the initial "ARJ". The command line may be split over as many lines as necessary. The response file feature will NOT accept QUOTED command line options. Options with embedded blanks ("-vasTEST X") will not be processed as expected. See the "-@" option for help on options with blanks. When using the response file feature, ARJ will accept only the "-+", and "-&" switch options on the DOS command line along with the response file name. All other command options must be specified in the response file or in the ARJ environment variable. To better support long filenames, ARJ provides the "-@" option to handle the processing of filenames and switch options that contain embedded spaces. The "-@" switch option enables the interpretation of a text line in an ARJ response file as a single token. In other words, when ARJ scans an "-@" option, it will process the NEXT text line in the response file as a single token including all embedded, leading, and trailing blanks. ARJ will continue to process each subsequent text line in the same manner. If ARJ scans a subsequent "-@" option, ARJ will revert to its normal multiple tokens per line processing. ARJ WILDCARDING As of 2.55c, the list of filenames that ARJ builds internally for archiving is now affected by the "-o" and "-b" options. Prior to 2.55c, ARJ would include all matching filenames in its internal list regardless of the "-o" and "-b" settings. Then during archival, ARJ would select from its internal list based upon the "-o" and "-b" options. Now ARJ uses the "-o" and "-b" and "-hb" options while it is building the internal list. The advantage with this method is the need for less memory to handle fewer files. For example, when doing a full backup of the C drive, ARJ builds an internal list of filenames for all of the files on drive C. When doing an incremental backup (-b, -b1), ARJ builds a list of filenames for only the files that have the archive bit set. In prior versions of ARJ, ARJ would build the same list regardless of the "-b" setting. ARJ wildcarding can differ according to the operating system environment. When scanning the file system for filenames to add/update an archive, ARJ uses the internal operating system wildcard matching functions. When scanning an ARJ archive (list, extract and so on), ARJ uses its own wildcard matching function. This internal ARJ function is identical to the standard DOS wildcard matching. Windows 95 and Windows NT use a slightly more complex wildcard matching function. In Windows 95, it is possible to specify a wildcard specification of "a*d*c". This would match ARJ.DOC, ARJDISP.DOC, and others. As of ARJ 2.55c, ARJ will handle up to 65,000 filenames. Because ARJ checks for duplicate filenames when necessary, processing over 20,000 filenames may slow down as the number of filenames processed increase. ARJ processes wildcards most efficiently when specified as separate command line wildcards inclusive of drive letters. Example: ARJ a backup C:\*.* D:\*.* E:\*.* -r -a1 If each drive letter is unique, ARJ will not need to check for duplicates and can proceed faster. This speedup does not work when using listfiles. ARJ-PROTECT DATA PROTECTION FEATURE With this version, ARJ can repair "protected" archives that suffer from slight amounts of data damage (CRC error, bad header, etc). An ARJ archive is "protected" with the "-hk" option. With the "-hk" option, ARJ will generate a separate ARJ data protection file. This protection file is REQUIRED in order to repair damaged ARJ archives. The size of this file ranges from a minimum of 4096 bytes and upwards. For larger archives, the protection file size is typically less than one percent of the archive file size. For this release, the protection file is a separate file. This avoids the problem of uploading unnecessary data to BBSes and ftp sites. The name of the protection file is based upon the archive name plus the extension ".XRJ". Volume protection filenames end in ".X01", etc. This protection feature is sector based and allows repair due to typical types of disk corruption (bad sector, virus damage, cross links, etc). This type of sector protection is NOT effective for most data transmission problems where data is missing from the middle of a transmission. Technically, this protection feature uses a series of XOR sums and checksums in order to allow repairs. Larger archives are logically treated as several streams of data. ARJ can protect each "stream" from one or two damaged sections 1024 bytes in size. However, for large archives (1 MB or larger) ARJ can sometimes repair up to four damaged sections per MByte. The "-hk1, "-hk2" ... "-hk9" options can offer more data protection at the cost of a proportionately larger protection file. This type of protection is NOT offered by the current competing PKZIPFIX program which only repairs damaged archive directories. The "-hk" option sets ARJ to build a protection file. The "q" command is used to repair a damaged archive. The repaired archive is named ARJFIXED.ARJ. Example: ARJ a archive -hk generates archive.xrj ARJ q archive repairs archive.arj ARJ ANSI COMMENT HANDLING As of 2.55, ARJ will use its own ANSI sequence display handler to display ARJ comments. In previous versions, ARJ depended upon the "-ja" option and an installed ANSI.SYS driver to handle the ANSI escape sequences. The "-ja" option has a new function now. The "-ja" option will set the "P" command to display files using the new ANSI sequence display handler. The ARJSFXV module (-je -v) also will display ANSI comments now. Please note that the ARJ comment field size is limited to about 2K bytes. ARJSFXV MULTIPLE VOLUME SELF-EXTRACTOR This module now supports ARJ-SECURE and ANSI escape sequences in the archive comment. You can build a single volume self-extracting archive by specifying a larger volume size. The ARJ distribution archive uses the ARJSFXV module because of the ANSI comment support. Example: ARJ a archive *.* -je -v300K ARJ ERRORLEVELS ARJ will now return a DOS error code of 11 for a user control break action. ARJ formerly returned a code of 2 for this situation. ARJ will now return a DOS error code of 12 when trying to modify a chapter archive that already has 250 chapters in it. ARJ formerly returned a code of 2 for this situation. ARJ COMMANDS "ac" command This is a new two character command for ARJ. It is actually an abbreviation for the following command and switch options: "u -u2 -jb". The "ac" command will add a chapter backup to a new archive or add a new chapter (updating) to a chapter archive. A chapter backup will consists of files that are DIFFERENT (different date-time or size). Example: ARJ ac archive c:\dir\*.* -r -jt The advantage of a chapter archive is that you can make numerous full backups (chapters) to a SINGLE archive. Major space savings will result when some files do not change from backup to backup. See the "-jb" option for more details. Adding a new chapter adds a chapter label entry in the archive. There is a limit of 250 chapters per archive. Please note that the "ac" command abbreviation is dependent upon file sizes and file date-time stamps. Modifying file date-time stamps with no relation to the system time may cause chapter update problems. In addition, changing the system time significantly may also cause chapter update problems. "cc" command This is a new two character command for ARJ. It is actually an abbreviation for the following command and switch option: "y -jb". The "cc" command will convert a standard ARJ archive to a chapter archive. Example: ARJ cc archive "dc" command This is a new two character command for ARJ. It is actually an abbreviation for the following command and switch option: "d -jb". The "dc" command will delete the last chapter in an archive using the specified file wildcard. Normally, that wildcard should be "*.*". Example: ARJ dc archive *.* "e" command "x" command Chapter archives do NOT support extraction with deletion. ARJ x archive *.doc -d generates "Bad command syntax" "q" command The "q" command is used to repair a damaged "protected" archive. An archive is protected with the "-hk" option. Both the protected archive and its ARJ-PROTECT data protection file are required to repair any damage. The "q" command will attempt to repair all damages and put the repaired archive in a file named ARJFIXED.ARJ. Example: ARJ q archive When working with a damaged archive and the "Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail" prompt appears, you should select the "Ignore" option. "t" command When used with the "-hk" option, ARJ will test the archive and upon successful completion, will generate the ARJ-PROTECT file. Example: ARJ t archive -hk "y" command When used with the "-g" option and optionally the "-hg" option, ARJ will ungarble a previously garbled archive. Example: ARJ y archive -gpasswrd When used with the "-jb" option, ARJ will convert a standard archive to a chapter archive. Example: ARJ y archive -jb When used with the "-jb0" option, ARJ will convert a chapter archive to a standard archive. Example: ARJ y archive -jb0 ARJ SWITCHES "-@" switch This switch sets ARJ to enable/disable the interpretation of text lines in an ARJ RESPONSE file as a complete single token. Normally, in an ARJ response file, blanks are interpreted as token separators. (Tokens are commands, filenames, wildcards, and switch options). However, if ARJ scans an "-@" option in a response file, it will process subsequent text lines as single tokens per line. A subsequent "-@" option will revert ARJ to normal multiple tokens per line mode. Example: ARJ @text.rsp TEXT.RSP contains: a c:\dir\archive -r -jt1 -@ -a1 c:\long directory name\*.* c:\other directory name\*.* -@ dir1\*.* dir2\*.* dir3\*.* One common error when using the "-@" option is including extraneous leading and/or trailing blanks. For example, ARJ will abort with an invalid switch option error if the second "-@" above has one or more trailing blanks. "-#" switch For consistency, ARJ now interprets the file spec "10-" as 10 to the end of the archive. Example: ARJ l archive -# 21000- means file 21000 to end "-b" switch Under Windows 95, the use of the "-b" type switch options to reset the archive bit may result in a sharing violation error. Under ARJ 2.55b and above, ARJ will display the error and then proceed ignoring the error. "-e" switch This switch used during extraction will exclude the beginning characters of the filename. This can be useful for shortening a long output pathname. Examples: ARJ x archive -e10 will exclude the first 10 characters of the output filename. ARJ x archive -e4 will exclude the first 4 characters. "-f1" switch This switch is used to select files that are OLDER for extracting or adding. "-f2" switch This switch is used to select files that are DIFFERENT (different date-time or different size) for extracting or adding. There is a slight limitation to this switch. When processing files that are split across volumes, the size test is skipped and the file is updated regardless. "-f3" switch This switch is used to select files that are CRC mismatches or different sizes for extracting or adding. The 32 bit CRC (checksum) of the file is matched against the CRC of the file in the archive. There is a slight limitation to this switch. When processing files that are split across volumes, the CRC test is skipped and the file is updated regardless. "-g" switch The garble option in this version of ARJ has two versions. One is the original version found in earlier ARJ releases. It is compatible with older versions and works like those versions. The other garble version uses a separate encryption module. This new option is accessed by using the new "-hg" option. This option sets ARJ to use the separate encryption module to encrypt the data. By default, ARJ will look for the file "ARJCRYPT.COM" in the same directory where the ARJ.EXE being executed is found. The user may specify the pathname of the module to use. Examples: ARJ a archive *.doc -gThis_is_a_password -hg ARJ a archive *.doc -gpassword -hgc:\dir\enc.com The new garble option accepts a password key up to 32 characters long. Excess characters are ignored. Garble passwords ARE CASE SENSITIVE! DO NOT LOSE your password! There is no known method to recover the password other than by brute force, which could take a very long time. The longer the password, the longer it would take to "guess" it. This new encryption scheme is not compatible with the "-g" option of pre-2.55 versions of ARJ. If you want to maintain compatibility with pre-2.55 versions of ARJ, you should NOT use the "-hg" option. Only the multiple volume self-extractor supports the new encryption module. When garbling or ungarbling an existing archive, ARJ will detect the method of encryption previously used and select that same method regardless of whether the "-hg" option is specified or not. "-i3" switch This switch shows the percentage progress of the WHOLE archive build. This switch is only operative during adds. "-i4" switch This switch shows the percentage progress as a bar graph of the WHOLE archive build. This switch is only operative during adds. "-i5" switch This switch shows the percentage progress including a bar graph of the WHOLE archive build. This switch is only operative during adds. "-i6" switch This switch shows the percentage progress of the WHOLE archive build along with a progress bar graph for the current file. This switch is only operative during adds. "-s3" switch This switch sets ARJ to keep both the original archive file time-stamp as well as the original internal archive modified time-stamp when modifying the archive. This feature is helpful when adding a copy of the data damage protection file to the "protected" archive. Using this switch, you can add a file to an archive and then remove that file and end up with the original archive. This is necessary because any change in archive contents would be perceived as damage by the ARJ "q" (repair archive) command. Example: ARJ a archive *.doc -hk ARJ a archive archive.xrj -s3 ARJ e archive archive.xrj -d -s3 ARJ q archive The above sequence of commands replicates a situation where the user embeds a copy of the data damage protection file into the "protected" archive. In the case of slight archive damage, the protection file can be extracted and used to recover damaged data. "-u1" switch This switch is used to select files that are OLDER or NEW for extracting or adding. "-u2" switch This switch is used to select files that are DIFFERENT (different date-time or different size) or NEW for extracting or adding. There is a slight limitation to this switch. When processing files that are split across volumes, the size test is skipped and the file is updated regardless. "-u3" switch This switch is used to select files that are CRC mismatches or NEW for extracting or adding. The 32 bit CRC (checksum) of the file is matched against the CRC of the file in the archive. There is a slight limitation to this switch. When processing files that are split across volumes, the CRC test is skipped and the file is updated regardless. "-v" switch For specifying sizes for this option, ARJ will accept the "M" modifier to multiply by 1,000,000 (one million). Examples: ARJ a vol -v100M ARJ a vol -vr1M1440 "-hb" switch This switch is used to select by file attribute or file type. The "-hb" option can be used to select files by their attributes (normal, readonly, hidden, system, directory, and archive bit). "Normal" is defined as files that are NOT the following: readonly, hidden, system, label, chapter header, or directory. For extract/list operations, you can also select chapter labels and volume labels. By default, the "-hb" option by itself selects all types of files. If you specify a letter symbol representing a file type, you are selecting ONLY that type of file. You can specify a series of letters representing all of the file types that you want to select. For example, the "-hbdr" option selects both directories and readonly files. Selections are additive. Example: -hbnr select only normal and readonly files Single letters represent each attribute or type. a - archive bit set b - archive bit clear h - hidden r - readonly s - system d - directory n - normal files (not d, h, r, s, l, c) l - volume label c - chapter label f - abbreviation for "ndhrs" The archive bit selection ("a" or "b") is a special case. If you have selected no types of files EXCEPT files with the archive bit set, ARJ will select from the set of all file types. If you have selected one or more file types, ARJ will select based upon the archive bit from the selected set of files types. Examples: -hbhrsa select hidden, readonly files with archive bit set -hba select all files with archive bit set Add/update options : f, d, r, h, s, n, a, b. Extract/list options: f, d, r, h, s, n, a, b, c, l. Examples: ARJ a archive *.* -r -hbrs select only readonly and system files ARJ a archive *.* -r -hbd store only directories ARJ l archive *.* -hbr list only readonly files ARJ l archive -jb* -hbc list chapter headers Notes: The option "-hb" with no letter options is an abbreviation for "-hbndhrslc" (everything). "-hf" switch This switch disables Windows 95 long filename handling. ARJ will use the standard DOS 8.3 APIs (DOS shortnames) to do its processing. Files so archived with this switch can be extracted under Windows 95 and DOS. This switch can be used while listing a dual-name archive under Win95 to list/process the shortnames. "-hf1" switch This switch in Win95 during archival sets ARJ to build a dual-name compatibility archive by storing the shortname in the filename field and the longname in the file comment field, so that both long filenames and short filenames are stored in the archive. The file system is wildcard scanned using longname wildcards. Such a dual-name archive is compatible with older versions of ARJ. New versions of ARJ process such an archive according to the current operating system environment. Under Win95, the long filenames in the archive are used. Under MS-DOS, the short filenames are used. This processing is automatic for this release of ARJ. The "-e1" option does not affect the short name that is stored. During extraction this switch sets ARJ to extract files from a Win95 archive (built without "-hf" option) by using generated names. ARJ will generate a short name based upon "W95LNAME.000" and its sequence number in the archive. Specifying the "-ji" option with an index filename along with "-hf1" will generate an index file with the W95LNAME.000 names and the associated long filenames. The long filenames are quoted. Example: ARJ x archive -hf1 -jiindex.log This option with "-ji" can be useful when trying restore long filenames on a system that allows long filenames such as OS/2, WinNT, or Linux. Please note that modifying a dual-name archive outside of Windows 95 is possible but it may produce an archive with some dual-names and some not. The "-hf1" option has no effect on a dual-name archive during extraction. "-hf2" switch This switch sets ARJ to attempt to extract using the long filenames stored in the archive. No modification is done to the long filenames except by DOS itself. This switch also sets ARJ to use the standard DOS 8.3 APIs for processing. Because of the shortening of the filenames by DOS, duplicate filenames may result. You would typically use this option when transferring files from a Win95 system to a DOS system. "-hf3" switch This switch in Win95 during archival sets ARJ to build a dual-name compatibility archive by storing the shortname in the filename field and the longname in the file comment field, so that both long filenames and short filenames are stored in the archive. This is similar to the "-hf1" switch functionality EXCEPT that ARJ wildcard scans the file system using shortname wildcards. This switch provides a way of archiving files that have Win95 DOS inaccessible symbols in them like the copyright and trademark symbols. Win95 DOS displays those filenames with the "_" character. ARJ will store the long filename with the "_" character as is. However, this means that a restore of the archive will not restore the filename as it was with the inaccessible copyright or trademark symbol. It will be restored with a "_" symbol. "-hg" switch This switch is used to specify the filename of the encryption module to be used when encrypting a new archive. The default filename is "ARJCRYPT.COM". ARJCRYPT.COM contains a new encryption scheme that is incompatible with earlier releases of ARJ. ARJ will look for the encryption module in the directory that contains the copy ARJ.EXE that is being executed unless the specified module name contains a path symbol "\" as in "ARJ\OLDCRYPT.COM". If you want to use a module in the current directory, you should specify the name as in ".\ARJCRYPT.COM". The "." indicates the current directory. With an existing archive, ARJ detects the encryption scheme that was used to encrypt the archive and uses the same scheme regardless of whether the "-hg" option is specified or not. "-hk" switch The "-hk" switch sets ARJ to create an ARJ-PROTECT data protection file. This file is named similarly to the created archive except for an "X" in the beginning of the file extension as in NAME.XRJ. This ARJ-PROTECT file contains necessary information to repair damage to the original archive. The "-hk1", "-hk2" ... "-hk9" options will generate larger ARJ-PROTECT files affording a higher probability of a successful repair. If the archive already exists, an ARJ-PROTECT data file can be created via the "t" command. Example: ARJ t archive -hk builds archive.xrj file For users who do not like the separate protection file feature, there is a work-around. Using the new "-s3" option (keep original time-stamps), the user can add the ARJ-PROTECT file to the protected archive and extract it later for repair purposes. Example: ARJ a docs *.txt -hk builds protected archive ARJ a docs docs.xrj -s3 inserts protect file ARJ e docs docs.xrj -s3 -d extracts and removes protect file restoring the original archive ARJ q docs repairs archive "-hm" switch The "-hm" switch sets ARJ to transfer the list of filenames to be archived from the limited conventional memory to file storage. This allows a much larger number of files to be processed (over 65,000). This option is ignored for all ARJ commands except "a", "f", "j", "m", "u". Normally, this switch sets ARJ to wait until it is out of memory storing filenames into a list before transferring that list to a temporary file. That temporary file is put in the current directory or the special work directory if specified (-hm!F:\) or XMS memory is specified (-hm!). However, there may be a few cases where ARJ will run out of memory doing other tasks while it is storing this list. In these cases, ARJ will abort. The user can specify a numeric argument of "1" to this switch to force ARJ to transfer the list to file storage immediately. The "-hm" work directory is specified by appending a "!" to the "-hm" or "-hm1" options and then appending the filename to the option. See below. Examples: ARJ a archive c:\*.* -r -hm ARJ a archive c:\*.* -r -hm1 ARJ a a:archive c:\*.* -r -va -hm500!F:\ ARJ a a:archive c:\*.* -r -hm!G:\temp\ The use of a RAMDISK directory will provide the fastest operation. "-hm!" switch The "-hm!" option with no pathname appended to it will set ARJ to store its list of filenames in XMS memory. List processing will be faster using XMS memory as opposed to using disk space. If no XMS memory is available, ARJ will use conventional memory and then disk space if needed. If there is not enough XMS memory available for the internal list, ARJ will abort. The XMS accelerator in Hurricane 2.0 for Windows may interfere with this switch while in Windows. "-hq" switch This switch sets ARJ to ignore the error that occurs when ARJ cannot open a file for lack of permitted access during an add-type command and/or a compare command. This is DOS error code 5. This option applies only to files being added to a new archive and/or being compared. For an existing archive, this option will be ignored during the add operation, but NOT during a subsequent compare operation. Typically, this switch would be used during network access or in Windows 95 where a file is open for exclusive use by another process. Normally, in this situation, ARJ would return a non-zero DOS error level. However, if this switch is specified, ARJ will NOT return a non-zero error level due to this specific open failure. If you use the "-ji" option to set up an index file, ARJ will log any file that it cannot open. "-hq1" switch This switch sets ARJ to ignore the error that occurs when ARJ cannot open a file because it cannot be found during an add-type command and/or a compare command. This is DOS error code 2. This option applies only to files being added to a new archive and/or being compared. For an existing archive, this option will be ignored during the add operation, but NOT during a subsequent compare operation. This open error typically happens when a temporary file that ARJ has found to archive is purged by another process before ARJ can actually open and compress/compare it. This is not the same error as when a user specifies a filename on the command line and ARJ cannot find it. If you use the "-ji" option to set up an index file, ARJ will log any file that it cannot open. "-hq2" switch This switch sets ARJ to ignore both the no access error and the not found error during an add-type command for new archives as above. "-ht" switch This switch is provided as an alternative to the standard method of specifying a target directory. This new option can be specified in the ARJ configuration file or in the ARJ_SW environment variable as well as on the command line. Examples: ARJ x archive *.* -htD:\DESTDIR SET ARJ_SW=-hf -htD:\DESTDIR "-j#" switch This switch allows the building and testing of a special ARJ "HOLLOW" archive that is missing the actual compressed file contents. This allows the creation of small archives for CRC testing against the CRCs of actual files. This is suited for special applications. Please take note that NO actual file data can be extracted from these "HOLLOW" archives. For example, a user has transported a directory of files from one PC to another PC. At a later time, that user would like to determine which files have actually changed their contents regardless of the date-time stamps. That user could archive the original directory using the -j# switch which builds the ARJ "hollow" archive with the sole exception that no compressed data is stored with the archive. This allows the rapid building of a much smaller archive. The file CRC is computed and stored in the archive. This new "hollow" archive is transported to the other PC. A simple ARJ test command with the "-jt1" option on the other PC would point out files whose content's CRC do not match. Another use of this "hollow" archive is for FILE INTEGRITY checking. You can create this "hollow" CRC archive and use it at a later time to determine if any files have been corrupted or damaged by VIRUS or system problems. Please note that there is a VERY SMALL possibility that a file has been changed and its new 32 bit CRC still matches. That possibility is approximately one in four billion. The -j# option during an ARJ archive build will set the compression method to 9. The only change is that the file header will indicate that the compressed file size is ZERO. Otherwise, the file header is the same as in an archive where the file was actually compressed and stored. To use this "hollow" archive to test CRCs against actual file CRCs, use the following syntax: Syntax: ARJ t archive_name -jt1 ARJ t archive_name target_dir\ -jt1 The second command above is used where the relative pathnames stored in the archive do not match up with the current directory. See the discussion in ARJ.DOC for more information on the option "-jt". When ARJ displays "NOT matched" for a "hollow" archive, it means the file size in the archive and the size of the actual file do NOT match. "-j#1" switch This option differs from the "-j#" option in that the 32 bit CRC is NOT stored. The compression method is set to 8. "-ja" switch This switch has acquired NEW functionality. Its OLD function was to set ARJ to fully display ANSI escape sequences. It now is used with the "ARJ p" command to display files using ARJ's own ANSI display handler. ANSI.SYS is no longer needed. Example: ARJ p ansifile -ja -q "-jb" switch This switch sets ARJ to build a chapter archive. Once an archive is set to a chapter archive, all subsequent processing will continue to treat it as a chapter archive. The advantage of a chapter archive over a series of separate archives of the same set of files is that space can be saved when archived files do not change. A single chapter archive can produce the same results as one hundred standard archive backups. In other words, one can update a chapter archive one hundred times and fully recover any one of those updates. Technically speaking, each file in a chapter archive has a chapter lifespan range. When a file is backed up and has not changed since the last backup, only the lifespan range is changed. A copy of the file is NOT added to the archive since a copy already exists in the archive. If the backed up file is different from the previous version, then that file is added to the archive with an appropriate chapter range. The previous version of the file is still kept in the chapter archive. When a particular chapter is restored, ARJ selects only the files whose lifespan includes the chapter number requested. As an example, suppose one made a series of daily chapter backups of a document directory where only one document out of the one hundred documents changes on a daily basis. The chapter archive would contain the original one hundred documents plus a copy of each day's changed document. When processing chapter archives, all ARJ add type commands (A,M,F,U) will create a new chapter in the chapter archive. Up to a maximum of 250 chapters can be stored in a single archive. The proper way to build and update a chapter archive is with the "ac" command. You should use the same command line arguments for each chapter update. If you fail to select the same files as before, the chapter archive will not update the lifespan ranges properly and those unselected files will "appear" to have been deleted for the current chapter. By default, the "ac" command will update a chapter archive with files that are DIFFERENT from the previous chapter (different size or date-time stamp). The "ac" command is actually an abbreviation for the following command and options: "u -u2 -jb", so you CANNOT use the "-u" or "-jb" options with the "ac" command. ARJ ac archive dir\ *.txt *.doc *.wri initial build ARJ ac archive dir\ *.txt *.doc *.wri second chapter ARJ ac archive dir\ *.txt *.doc *.wri third chapter ARJ ac archive dir\ *.txt *.doc *.wri fourth chapter ARJ ac archive dir\ *.txt *.doc fifth chapter will be missing all *.wri files An expert with ARJ may want to use the actual commands and switches instead of the "ac" command. ARJ u -u2 -jb archive dir\ *.txt It is possible to change a standard ARJ archive to a chapter archive with the "y" command and the "-jb" option. The opposite is possible with the "-jb0" option. ARJ y archive -jb converts archive to chapter archive ARJ y archive -jb0 converts chapter archive to standard archive The "cc" command is an abbreviation for the "y -jb" option. ARJ cc archive You can restore a specific chapter as in: ARJ x archive -jb10 restores chapter 10 ARJ x archive -jb20 restores chapter 20 You can restore a range of chapters as in: ARJ x archive -jb2-5 extracts chapters 2 to 5 ARJ x archive -jb2- extracts chapters 2 to the last chapter Please note that when restoring a range of chapters, ARJ will segregate each chapter's set of files in a numbered directory based upon the chapter number. Files whose lifespans range over a series of chapters will be located in the first of that series. This feature is useful for looking over the changes that have occurred over a series of chapters. You can list a specific chapter or chapter range as in: ARJ l archive -jb10 lists chapter 10 ARJ l archive -jb2-5 lists chapters 2 to 5 ARJ l archive -jb2- lists chapters 2 to the last chapter ARJ l archive lists the most recent chapter You can see the chapter ranges for each file in the archive with the following command: ARJ l archive -jb* -jv When ARJ tries to modify a chapter archive that already has 250 chapters in it, ARJ will return a DOS errorlevel of 12. A batch program can take subsequent action by changing the name of the chapter archive to a backup name and then re-executing the failed ARJ command. To start all over again with a chapter archive, you can purge all of the previous chapters, convert the archive to a standard archive, and then back to an archive chapter. Example: ARJ k archive *.* ARJ y archive -jb0 ARJ d archive *.* -hbc remove chapter labels ARJ cc archive You cannot modify specific chapters other than the most recent chapter in terms of deleting files. You can remove the most recent chapter with one of the following commands: ARJ d archive *.* -jb ARJ dc archive *.* If you do not specify the "-jb" with a delete command, the archive chapter label will not be deleted. You can comment the chapter labels as a way of identifying each chapter backup. ARJ c archive -hbc -jz comments the last chapter label ARJ c archive "<<*" -jz comments the last chapter label ARJ c archive -hbc -jz -jb* comments all chapter labels ARJ c archive -hbc -jz -jb5 comments the label for chapter 5 "-jb0" switch This switch is also used with the "y" command to convert a standard archive to a chapter archive. ARJ y archive -jb0 converts chapter archive to standard archive "-jb*" switch This switch is used to select all chapters. When it is used with the LIST command, ARJ displays all chapters. ARJ l archive -jb* displays all chapters This switch can be used with the DELETE command to remove all chapters of selected file(s). ARJ d archive -jb* *.bak *.tmp "-jo" switch New to this release, the "-jo" option during extraction works along with the "-f" and "-u" type options. In other words, if you want to freshen a set of files from an archive, the use of the "-jo" option will generate unique names for any files extracted. Example: ARJ x archive *.* -u -jo "-js" switch The "-js" option by itself is the same as: -js.ARJ.ZIP.PAK.ARC.RAR.J.UC2.LZH.ZOO "-jt1" switch When used during a chapter add, the "-jt1" option will compare only the files of the added chapter. Previous chapters will only be CRC tested. Example: ARJ ac archive c:\dir\*.* -jt1 "-jyv" switch As a clarification of older documentation, the "-jyv" option will disable the next volume prompt EVEN with removable media. The global "-y" option does not disable the next volume prompt with removable media. end document