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-
-
- aptitude user's manual
-
-
- Version 0.4.3
-
-
- Daniel Burrows
-
- <dburrows@debian.org>
-
- Copyright ⌐ 2004-2006 Daniel Burrows
-
- This manual is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
- terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
- Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
- version.
-
- This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
- WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
- PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
- this manual; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
- Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Table of Contents
-
-
-
- Introduction
-
-
- What is this aptitude thing, anyway?
-
- What is a package manager?
-
- What is the apt system?
-
- How can I get aptitude?
-
-
- Pre-built aptitude packages, or, ``What 99% of Users Should Do''
-
- Building aptitude from source code
-
- Getting aptitude from darcs
-
-
-
- 1. Getting Started
-
-
- Using aptitude
-
-
- aptitude Basics
-
- Navigating the aptitude package list
-
- Finding packages by name
-
- Managing packages
-
- Updating the package list and installing packages
-
-
- Using aptitude from the command line
-
-
- 2. aptitude Reference Guide
-
-
- The aptitude UI
-
-
- Using the menus
-
- Menu commands
-
- Working with multiple views
-
- Becoming root
-
-
- Managing packages
-
-
- Managing the package list
-
- Accessing package information
-
- Modifying package states
-
- Solving Dependency Problems
-
- Downloading, installing, and removing packages
-
- Understanding and managing package trust
-
- Managing automatically installed packages
-
-
- Search Patterns
-
- Customizing aptitude
-
-
- Customizing the Package List
-
- Customizing keybindings
-
- Customizing text colors and styles
-
- Customizing the display layout
-
- Configuration file reference
-
- Themes
-
-
- Playing Minesweeper
-
-
- 3. aptitude FAQ
-
- 4. Credits
-
- I. Command-Line Reference
-
-
- aptitude --; high-level interface to the package manager
-
-
- List of Figures
-
-
-
- 2.1. Commands available in the Actions menu
-
- 2.2. Commands available in the Undo menu
-
- 2.3. Commands available in the Package menu
-
- 2.4. Commands available in the Resolver menu
-
- 2.5. Commands available in the Search menu
-
- 2.6. Commands available in the Options menu
-
- 2.7. Commands available in the Views menu
-
- 2.8. Commands available in the Help menu
-
- 2.9. Values of the ``current state'' flag
-
- 2.10. Values of the ``action'' flag
-
- 2.11. Customizable styles in aptitude
-
-
- Introduction
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
-
- What is this aptitude thing, anyway?
-
- What is a package manager?
-
- What is the apt system?
-
- How can I get aptitude?
-
-
- Pre-built aptitude packages, or, ``What 99% of Users Should Do''
-
- Building aptitude from source code
-
- Getting aptitude from darcs
-
-
-
- ``Master, does Emacs possess the Buddha nature?'' the novice asked.
-
- ``I don't see why not,'' replied the master. ``It's got bloody well
- everything else.'' Several years later, the novice suddenly achieved
- enlightenment.
-
- -- John Fouhy
-
-
- Hello, and welcome to the aptitude user's manual! This introductory section
- explains what aptitude is and how to get your hands on it; for information on
- actually using it, please proceed to Chapter 1, Getting_Started.
-
-
- What is this aptitude thing, anyway?
-
- aptitude is a featureful package manager for Debian GNU/Linux systems, based on
- the renowned apt package management infrastructure. aptitude provides the
- functionality of dselect and apt-get, as well as many additional features not
- found in either program.
-
-
- What is a package manager?
-
- A package manager keeps track of what software is installed on your computer,
- and allows you to easily install new software, upgrade software to newer
- versions, or remove software that you previously installed. As the name
- suggests, package managers deal with packages: collections of files that are
- bundled together and can be installed and removed as a group.
-
- Often, a package is just a particular program. For instance, the instant
- messaging client gaim is contained in the Debian package of the same name. On
- the other hand, it is common for programs to consist of several interrelated
- packages. For instance, the gimp image editor consists not only of the gimp
- package, but also of the gimp-data package; in addition, several optional add-on
- packages (containing esoteric data, documentation, and so on) are also
- available. It is also possible for several small, related programs to be
- contained in a single package: for instance, the fileutils package contains
- several common Unix commands, such as ls, cp, etc.
-
- Some packages require other packages in order to function. In Debian, packages
- can depend upon, recommend, suggest, break, or conflict with other packages.
-
-
- * If a package A depends upon another package B, then B is required for A to
- operate properly. For instance, the gimp package depends upon the gimp-data
- package in order to ensure that the GIMP graphics editor can access its
- critical data files.
-
- * If a package A recommends another package B, then B provides important
- additional functionality to A that will be desired in most circumstances. For
- instance, the mozilla-browser package recommends the mozilla-psm package,
- which adds support for secure data transfers to the Mozilla Web browser. While
- mozilla-psm is not strictly required for Mozilla to function, most users will
- want Mozilla to support the secure transmission of confidential data (such as
- credit card numbers).
-
- * If a package A suggests another package B, then package B provides
- functionality that may enhance A, but is not needed in most cases. For
- instance, the kmail package suggests the gnupg package, which contains
- encryption software that can be used by KMail.
-
- * If a package A conflicts with another package B, then the two packages cannot
- be installed at the same time. For instance, fb-music-hi conflicts with fb-
- music-low because they provide alternate sets of music for the game Frozen
- Bubble.
-
-
- The job of a package manager is to present an interface which assists the user
- in managing the collection of packages installed on his or her system. aptitude
- provides such an interface by building on the apt package management system.
-
-
- What is the apt system?
-
- Being able to install and remove packages is great, but the basic software for
- doing this (known as dpkg) does exactly that and nothing more. This is fine if
- you download one or two packages by hand, but quickly becomes cumbersome when
- you are trying to manage a large number of packages. Furthermore, if your shiny
- new package requires software you haven't yet installed, you have to download
- the newly required software by hand. And if you later decide to remove the no-
- longer-shiny package, these extra packages will linger on your system, consuming
- hard drive space, unless you manually remove them.
-
- Obviously, all of this manual labor is a tedious chore, and so most package
- management systems come with software which takes care of some or all of it for
- you. apt is a common base on which to build these programs: in addition to
- aptitude, programs such as synaptic and apt-watch make use of apt.
-
- apt works by keeping a list of the packages that can be downloaded from Debian
- on your computer. This list is used to find packages that need to be upgraded
- and to install new packages. apt can also solve many dependency problems
- automatically: for instance, when you choose to install a package, it will find
- any additional required packages and install those as well.
-
- When working with a package manager based on apt, such as aptitude, you will
- typically perform three basic tasks: you will update the list of packages that
- are available by downloading new lists from the Debian servers, you will select
- which packages should be installed, upgraded, or removed, and finally, you will
- commit your selections by actually performing the installations, removals, etc.
-
- apt-based package managers read the list of ``sources'' -- repositories of
- Debian packages -- from the file /etc/apt/sources.list. The format and contents
- of this file are beyond the scope of this document, but are described in the
- manual page sources.list(5).
-
-
- How can I get aptitude?
-
- In case you are reading this manual but aptitude is not yet installed on your
- system, this section explains how to correct this unfortunate situation. Most
- people should head straight for the section on binary packages.
-
-
- Pre-built aptitude packages, or, ``What 99% of Users Should Do''
-
- Pre-built, or ``binary'' packages are the easiest and most common way to install
- aptitude. You should only attempt a source install if binary packages are not
- available for some reason, or if you have unusual needs that are not met by
- binary packages.
-
- If you are using a Debian system, execute the following command as root: apt-get
- install aptitude. If you are not using a Debian system, your system provider
- might have created a pre-built package of aptitude; if you are not sure, you can
- contact them for further suggestions.
-
-
- Building aptitude from source code
-
- You also can build aptitude from source; however, this is probably not a useful
- exercise unless apt is already available on your system. If it is, you can
- install aptitude from source with the following steps:
-
-
- 1. Install the following pieces of software:
-
-
- * A C++ compiler, such as g++.
-
- * The development files for apt, typically available in a package with a
- name like libapt-pkg-dev.
-
- * The libsigc++-2.0 library, available from http://libsigc.sourceforge.net.
-
- * Last but not least, download the most recent aptitude source code,
- available from http://packages.debian.org/unstable/admin/aptitude.
- (scroll to the bottom of the page and download the ``.orig.tar.gz'' file)
-
-
-
- Once all the required components are available, open a terminal and execute the
- command tar zxf aptitude-0.4.3.tar.gz to unpack the source code. Once the source
- code is unpacked, type cd aptitude-0.4.3 && ./configure && make to compile
- aptitude. If this succeeds, make sure you are the root user (by using su, for
- instance), then type make install to install aptitude on your computer. Once
- aptitude is successfully installed, typing aptitude at a command prompt should
- start the program.
-
-
- Getting aptitude from darcs
-
- If you want to test the latest bleeding-edge source code or to otherwise help
- aptitude development, you can download unreleased aptitude source code using
- darcs. Install darcs (available from http://www.darcs.net) and execute the
- command darcs get http://people.debian.org/~dburrows/darcs/aptitude to retrieve
- the most recent source code. Once the source code is available on your computer,
- you can cd into it and type darcs pull to update it with any changes made to the
- main repository.
-
- To build aptitude from the darcs repository, you must have the programs autoconf
- and automake installed. Type sh ./autogen.sh to generate the files needed to
- compile aptitude, then execute make and make install.
-
-
- [Warning] Warning
-
- The aptitude darcs repository is an active development tree; it will
- change as bugs are fixed and features are added, and there is
- absolutely no guarantee that it will even compile, let alone run
- properly! Bug reports are welcome, but be aware that you use
- development code entirely at your own risk![1]
-
-
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [1]Of course, all free software is used at your own risk, but the risk involved
- in using an active development tree is much higher.
-
-
- Chapter 1. Getting Started
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
-
- Using aptitude
-
-
- aptitude Basics
-
- Navigating the aptitude package list
-
- Finding packages by name
-
- Managing packages
-
- Updating the package list and installing packages
-
-
- Using aptitude from the command line
-
-
- A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.
-
- -- Lao Tsu
-
-
- aptitude is a sizeable program with many features, and it can be a bit
- overwhelming for new users to get acquainted with it. This chapter does not
- exhaustively describe the features of aptitude (see Chapter 2, aptitude
- Reference_Guide for that), but it does provide a walk-through of the basic and
- most commonly used features of the program.
-
-
- Using aptitude
-
- This section describes how to use the visual interface of aptitude. For
- information on using aptitude's command-line interface, see the section called
- ``Using aptitude from the command line''.
-
-
- aptitude Basics
-
- To run aptitude, open your favorite text terminal, and at the command line,
- type:
-
- foobar$ aptitude
-
- Once the cache is loaded (this may take some time on slower machines), the main
- aptitude screen should appear:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --- Installed Packages
- --- Not Installed Packages
- --- Obsolete and Locally Created Packages
- --- Virtual Packages
- --- Tasks
-
-
-
-
-
-
- These packages are currently installed on your computer.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- As you can see, the main screen of aptitude is divided into several regions. The
- blue line at the top of the terminal is the menu bar, and the blue lines below
- it are informational messages describing some important commands. The black
- space that follows is the list of all available packages, in which some groups
- of packages are listed. The currently selected group (``Installed Packages'') is
- highlighted, and its description is shown in the lower black space.
-
- As the top line of the screen suggests, you can access aptitude's menus by
- pressing Control+t; you can also click the mouse on a menu title if your system
- supports it. Pressing Control+t will open the Actions menu:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- +-------------------------+ u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- |Install/remove packages g|
- |Update package list u|
- |Forget new packages f|
- |Clean package cache |eated Packages
- |Clean obsolete files |
- |Mark Upgradable U|
- |Play Minesweeper |
- |Become root |
- +-------------------------+
- |Quit Q|
- +-------------------------+
- These packages are currently installed on your computer.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Perform all pending installs and removals
-
- Use the arrow keys and Enter to select menu items (or, if your system supports
- it, click on them with a mouse); to close the menu without selecting anything,
- press Control-t again. The currently highlighted menu item is explained at the
- bottom of the screen. If a menu item can be activated using a keyboard shortcut,
- the shortcut is displayed in the menu: for instance, the command ``Update
- package list'' can be activated by pressing u.
-
- At any time, you can press ? to display an on-line reference to the available
- keyboard shortcuts.
-
-
- Navigating the aptitude package list
-
- The list of packages is the primary interface to aptitude. When aptitude starts,
- the list is organized into a number of groups, as can be seen in the following
- screen shot:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --- Installed Packages
- --- Not Installed Packages
- --- Obsolete and Locally Created Packages
- --- Virtual Packages
- --- Tasks
-
-
-
-
-
-
- These packages are currently installed on your computer.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- Empty groups of packages are automatically hidden by aptitude, so you
- may see more or less groups than appear in this screen shot.
-
-
- In the screen shot above, the first group (``Installed Packages'') is
- highlighted to indicate that it is currently selected. You can move the
- selection up and down with the arrow keys; note that the description below the
- package list changes as you do so. To ``expand'' a group, press Enter while the
- group is selected:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --\ Installed Packages
- --- admin - Administrative utilities (install software, manage users, etc)
- --- base - The Debian base system
- --- devel - Utilities and programs for software development
- --- doc - Documentation and specialized programs for viewing documentation
- --- editors - Text editors and word processors
- --- electronics - Programs for working with circuits and electronics
- --- games - Games, toys, and fun programs
- --- gnome - The GNOME Desktop System
- --- graphics - Utilities to create, view, and edit graphics files
-
- These packages are currently installed on your computer.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- As you can see, the ``Installed Packages'' group has been expanded to reveal its
- contents: it contains a number of subgroups, loosely defined by what types of
- software they contain. Expanding the ``admin'' section by selecting it and
- pressing Enter, we see:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --\ Installed Packages
- --\ admin - Administrative utilities (install software, manage users, etc)
- --- main - The main Debian archive
- --- base - The Debian base system
- --- devel - Utilities and programs for software development
- --- doc - Documentation and specialized programs for viewing documentation
- --- editors - Text editors and word processors
- --- electronics - Programs for working with circuits and electronics
- --- games - Games, toys, and fun programs
- --- gnome - The GNOME Desktop System
-
- Packages in the 'admin' section allow you to perform administrative tasks such
- as installing software, managing users, configuring and monitoring your system,
- examining network traffic, and so on.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- The ``admin'' group contains a single subgroup, the ``main'' Debian archive.
- Expanding this group reveals some packages!
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- To save time, you can use the [ key to expand all the subgroups of a
- group at once. Selecting ``Installed Packages'' and pressing [ would
- have immediately revealed the packages in the screenshot below.
-
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --\ Installed Packages
- --\ admin - Administrative utilities (install software, manage users, etc)
- --\ main - The main Debian archive
- i acpid 1.0.3-19 1.0.3-19
- i alien 8.44 8.44
- i anacron 2.3-9 2.3-9
- i apt-show-versions 0.07 0.07
- i A apt-utils 0.5.25 0.5.25
- i apt-watch 0.3.2-2 0.3.2-2
- i aptitude 0.2.14.1-2 0.2.14.1-2
-
- The Debian distribution consists of packages from the 'main' section. Every
- package in 'main' is Free Software.
-
- For more information about what Debian considers to be Free Software, see
- http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines
-
-
-
-
- In addition to the arrow keys, you can move the selection through the package
- list a page of information at a time using the Page Up and Page Down keys.
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- When there is more information in the lower half of the display than
- fits into the available space, the a and z keys can be used to scroll
- through it.
-
-
-
- Finding packages by name
-
- To quickly find a package whose name you know, press / to open a search dialog:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- i frozen-bubble 1.0.0-5 1.0.0-5
- i A frozen-bubble-data 1.0.0-5 1.0.0-5
- i geekcode 1.7.3-1 1.7.3-1
- i gfpoken 0.25-3 0.25-3
- i ggz-gnome-client 0.0.7-2 0.0.7-2
- i ggz-gtk-client 0.0.7-1 0.0.7-1
- i ggz-gtk-game-data 0.0.7-2 0.0.7-2
- i +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- i |Search for: |
- i |froz |
- Po| [ Ok ] [ Cancel ]|
- Fr+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- attempt to shoot bubbles into groups of the same color to cause them to pop. It
- features 100 single-player levels, a two-player mode, music and striking
- graphics.
-
- This game is widely rumored to be responsible for delaying the Woody release.
-
- URL: http://www.frozen-bubble.org/
-
- As you can see in the above screen shot, a search for froz finds the frozen-
- bubble package. Using aptitude's powerful search language, described in the
- section called ``Search Patterns'', it is possible to find packages based on
- many complex criteria.
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- You can search backwards in the package list by pressing \, and you can
- repeat the last search by pressing n after closing the search window.
-
-
- Sometimes it is useful to hide all packages except those which meet some
- particular criterion. To do this, press l:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --- Installed Packages
- --- Not Installed Packages
- --- Obsolete and Locally Created Packages
- --- Virtual Packages
- --- Tasks
-
-
- +--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- |Enter the new package tree limit: |
- |apti |
- | [ Ok ] [ Cancel ]|
- Th+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+ a
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- This dialog works exactly like the search dialog, except that instead of
- highlighting the next package that matches what you typed into the dialog box,
- it hides all packages which don't match. For instance, typing apti into this
- dialog box and pressing Enter will hide all packages except those whose names
- contain ``apti'':
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --\ Installed Packages
- --\ admin - Administrative utilities (install software, manage users, etc)
- --\ main - The main Debian archive
- i aptitude 0.2.14.1-2 0.2.14.1-2
- i A synaptic 0.51-1 0.51-1
- --\ x11 - The X window system and related software
- --\ main - The main Debian archive
- i xfree86-driver-synaptics 0.13.3-1 0.13.3-1
- --- Not Installed Packages
- --- Virtual Packages
-
- These packages are currently installed on your computer.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Managing packages
-
- Now that you can move about the list of packages, it's time to start using
- aptitude to install and remove packages. In this section you will learn how to
- flag packages for installation, deletion, and upgrade.
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- You can only change your system's setup as the root user. If you want to
- experiment with aptitude, you can safely run it as any user other than
- root without damaging your system in any way. aptitude will tell you
- when you try to do something that only root can do, and if you want to
- continue, you must type root's password.
-
-
- All changes to a package are performed by first highlighting it in the package
- list, then pressing a key corresponding to the action which should be performed.
- The basic action keys [2] are + to install or upgrade a package, - to remove a
- package, and = to prevent a package from being automatically upgraded (this is
- known as holding the package). These actions are not performed immediately;
- aptitude will simply update the package list to show the change that has been
- requested.
-
- For instance, in the screen shot below, the kaffeine package was selected and +
- was pushed. The package is now highlighted in green and the letter ``i'' has
- appeared to the left of its name, to indicate that it will be installed; in
- addition, an estimate of the amount of space that the package will use is
- displayed.
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1 Will use 2925kB of disk space DL Size:
- 1375kB
- --\ kde - The KDE Desktop System
- --\ main - The main Debian archive
- p bibletime-i18n <none> 1.4.1-1
- p education-desktop-kde <none> 0.771
- p junior-kde <none> 1.4
- piA kaffeine +2843kB <none> 0.4.3-1
- pi kaffeine-mozilla +81.9kB <none> 0.4.3-1
- p karamba <none> 0.17-5
- p kde-devel <none> 4:3.1.2
-
- p kde-devel-extras <none> 4:3.1.2
- The K Desktop Environment (development files)
- A metapackage containing dependencies for the core development suite of KDE
- including kdesdk, qt3-designer, and all core KDE -dev packages.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- At any time, you can use Undo → Undo (Control+u) to ``undo'' any
- change to one or more packages. This is very useful if an action has
- unforseen consequences and you want to ``take it back''.
-
-
- In addition to actions that affect individual packages, another important action
- is available: typing U will attempt to upgrade any packages that can be
- upgraded. You should use this command on a regular basis to keep your system up-
- to-date.
-
-
- Managing Broken Packages
-
- Sometimes, changing a package's state will cause dependency relationships to
- become unfulfilled; packages with unfulfilled dependencies are said to be
- broken. aptitude will warn you when this happens, and explain why it occured.
- For instance, here is what happens if I attempt to remove sound-juicer:
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.3.3 #Broken: 1 Will free 48.6MB of disk space
- i A nautilus 2.10.1-4 2.10.1-4
- i nautilus-cd-burner 2.10.2-1.1 2.10.2-1.1
- i A nautilus-data 2.10.1-4 2.10.1-4
- i netspeed 0.12.1-1 0.12.1-1
- i A oaf 0.6.10-3 0.6.10-3
- i pybliographer 1.2.6.2-1 1.2.6.2-1
- i rhythmbox 0.8.8-13 0.8.8-13
- i shermans-aquarium 3.0.1-1 3.0.1-1
- idA sound-juicer -1733kB 2.10.1-3 2.10.1-3
- GNOME 2 CD Ripper
- sound-juicer will be removed.
-
-
- The following packages depend on sound-juicer and will be broken by its
- removal:
-
-
- * gnome-desktop-environment depends on sound-juicer
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- As you can see, aptitude displays three indicators that something has gone
- wrong: first, the number of broken packages is displayed in the upper blue area;
- second, the lower half of the display changes to describe broken packages that
- are related to the currently highlighted package; third, a bar appears at the
- bottom of the screen with a suggestion on how to solve the problem. To quickly
- find broken packages in the package list, you can press b or search for ~b.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- The text [1(1)/...] indicates the progress of aptitude's dependency
- resolver. The first number is the solution that you have currently
- selected, and the second one is the number of solutions that aptitude
- has already generated. The presence of the text ``...'' indicates that
- there may be additional solutions beyond the ones generated; if
- aptitude knew for certain that it had generated the only possible
- solution, this indicator would read [1/1].
-
-
- To see more information about how aptitude thinks you can solve this problem,
- press e. A screen similar to the following will appear:
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Keep the following packages at their current version:
- gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.10-1 (unstable, now)]
- sound-juicer [2.10.1-2 (now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- From here, you can see more solutions by pressing . or return to solutions that
- you previously examined by pressing ,. To apply the current solution and return
- to the package list, press !. For instance, pressing . while the above screen is
- displayed results in the following solution being presented:
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Keep the following packages at their current version:
- sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now)]
- --\ Downgrade the following packages:
- gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.11-1 unstable, now -> 0.8.8-3 testing]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [2(2)/...] Suggest 1 keep,1 downgrade
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- In addition to the basic solution navigation commands, you can press r to
- ``reject'' actions of which you disapprove. For instance, the first solution
- will cancel the removal of sound-juicer -- the very action we were trying to
- perform! By pressing r on the item corresponding to this action, we can tell
- aptitude that it should not cancel the removal of sound-juicer in this way.
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Keep the following packages at their current version:
- gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.11-1 (unstable, now)]
- R sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
- GNOME 2 CD Ripper
- gnome-desktop-environment depends upon sound-juicer
- --\ The following actions will resolve this dependency:
- -> Remove gnome-desktop-environment [1:2.10.2.3 (unstable, testing, now)]
- R -> Cancel the removal of sound-juicer
- -> Downgrade sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now) -> 0.6.1-2 (testing)]
-
-
-
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- As you can see, the list item corresponding to keeping sound-juicer at its
- current version has turned red and been marked with an ``R'', indicating that it
- has been rejected. Solutions that you generate in the future (that is, any
- solution that you have not yet viewed) will not include this action, although
- solutions that were already generated and contain this action will be available.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- In the above screen image, a description of sound-juicer is displayed
- in the middle of the screen; below it, you can see the dependency that
- caused sound-juicer to be kept at its current version, along with all
- the ways to resolve this dependency that aptitude knows about.
-
-
- For instance, if this rejection is imposed immediately after removing sound-
- juicer, pressing . retrieves the following solution, skipping the solution that
- cancels the installation of sound-juicer and downgrades gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia.
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Remove the following packages:
- gnome-desktop-environment [1:2.10.2.3 (unstable, testing, now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [2(2)/...] Suggest 1 removal
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- Rejections are only applied to newly generated solutions: that is, solutions
- that are generated when you press . while viewing the last generated solution.
- Previously generated solutions can still contain rejections. You can cancel a
- rejection at any time by once again selecting the rejected action and pressing
- r; this will permit solutions containing the action to be generated again,
- including any solutions that were previously ``skipped''.
-
- The opposite of rejecting an action is approving it. To approve an action, just
- select it and press a; this forces the problem resolver to choose the action
- whenever possible[3]. Approved actions will turn green and will be marked with
- ``A'', as in the following screenshot:
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Remove the following packages:
- A gnome-desktop-environment [1:2.10.2.3 (unstable, testing, now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [2(2)/...] Suggest 1 removal
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
-
- [Important] Important
-
- If you do not resolve any broken dependencies, aptitude will
- automatically implement its current suggestion when you commit
- your selections by pressing g. However, it is hard to
- automatically solve dependency problems, and you may not be happy
- with the results, so it is generally better to look at what
- aptitude plans to do before committing your selections.
-
-
-
- Updating the package list and installing packages
-
- At this point, you know enough about aptitude to actually make modifications to
- your system.
-
- You should periodically update your list of available packages from the Debian
- servers, to keep track of new packages and new versions of packages. To do this,
- press u. At any time during the download, you can press q to abort it.
-
- Once you have fresh lists of packages, you can choose the packages to upgrade,
- install, or remove as described in the previous section. To review the actions
- you have requested, press g once. When installing the kaffeine-mozilla package
- (from the previous example), the following screen appears:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1 Will use 2925kB of disk space DL Size:
- 1375kB
- --\ Packages being automatically installed to satisfy dependencies
-
- piA kaffeine +2843kB <none> 0.4.3-1
- --\ Packages to be installed
- pi kaffeine-mozilla +81.9kB <none> 0.4.3-1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- These packages are being installed because they are required by another package
- you have chosen for installation.
-
- If you select a package, an explanation of its current state will appear in this
- space.
-
-
-
-
- As you can see, aptitude automatically decided to install kaffeine for me
- because kaffeine-mozilla requires it. At this point, I have the choice of either
- continuing with the installation by pressing g, or aborting it by pressing q.
-
-
- Using aptitude from the command line
-
- In addition to its ``visual'' interface described in the previous section,
- aptitude can be used to manage packages directly from the command-line in the
- same way that you would use apt-get. This section covers the most common
- aptitude command-line actions; for more information, see the aptitude command-
- line reference.
-
- In general, a command-line invocation of aptitude will look like this:
-
- aptitude action [arguments...]
-
- action tells aptitude what action it is to take; the remaining arguments are
- used in an option-specific fashion. Typically they will consist of package names
- and command-line switches[4].
-
- The most important actions are:
-
-
-
- aptitude update
-
- This command updates the package lists, as if you had entered the visual
- interface and pressed u.
-
-
- aptitude upgrade
-
- This command will upgrade as many packages as possible. If there are
- dependency problems, it will avoid upgrading packages (rather than, for
- instance, removing them).
-
-
- aptitude dist-upgrade
-
- This command will also attempt to upgrade packages, but it is more
- aggressive about solving dependency problems: it will install and remove
- packages until all dependencies are satisfied. Because of the nature of
- this command, it is possible that it will do undesirable things, and so
- you should be careful when using it.
-
-
- aptitude [ install | remove | purge ] pkg1 [pkg2...]
-
- These commands install, remove, or purge[5] the specified packages.
- ``Installing'' a package which is already installed but can be upgraded
- will cause it to be upgraded.
-
-
- aptitude search pattern1 [pattern2...]
-
- This command searches for packages whose name contains any of the given
- patterns, printing the result to the terminal. In addition to just being a
- string of text, each pattern can be a search pattern as described in the
- section called ``Search Patterns''. [6]
-
-
- aptitude show pkg1 [pkg2...]
-
- Prints information about each pkg to the terminal.
-
-
- The commands that install, upgrade, and remove packages all accept the parameter
- ``-s'', which stands for ``simulate''. When ``-s'' is passed on the command
- line, the program performs all the actions it would normally perform, but does
- not actually download or install/remove any files.
-
- aptitude will sometimes present a prompt like this:
-
- The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
- space-orbit-common
- The following NEW packages will be installed:
- space-orbit space-orbit-common
- 0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
- Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
-
- Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]
-
- In addition to the obvious options of ``Yes'' and ``No'', a number of commands
- are available which can be used to change the information displayed at the
- prompt, or to specify further actions. For instance, typing ``s'' will display
- or hide information about how much space each package will use:
-
- Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] s
-
- Size changes will be shown.
-
- The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
- space-orbit-common <+8020kB>
- The following NEW packages will be installed:
- space-orbit <+393kB> space-orbit-common <+8020kB>
- 0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
- Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
- Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]
-
- Similarly, typing ``d'' will display information about automatically installed
- or removed packages:
-
- The following NEW packages will be automatically installed:
- space-orbit-common (D: space-orbit)
- The following NEW packages will be installed:
- space-orbit space-orbit-common
- 0 packages upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
- Need to get 3200kB of archives. After unpacking 8413kB will be used.
-
- This shows that space-orbit-common is being installed because space-orbit
- depends on it. You can see the entire list of possible entries by entering ``?''
- at the prompt.
-
- If your request violates dependencies in a way that cannot be trivially
- resolved, aptitude will ask you what to do:
-
- The following packages are BROKEN:
- libsdl1.2debian
- The following packages will be REMOVED:
- libsdl1.2debian-all
- .
- .
- .
- The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
-
- Install the following packages:
- libsdl1.2debian-oss [1.2.7+1.2.8cvs20041007-4.1 (unstable)]
-
- Score is 19
-
- Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]
-
- Typing y (or simply pressing enter) will accept the proposed solution. Typing n
- will display the ``next best'' solution:
-
- Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
- The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
-
- Install the following packages:
- libsdl1.2debian-alsa [1.2.7+1.2.8cvs20041007-4.1 (unstable,now)]
-
- Score is 19
-
- Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?]
-
- Typing q will ``give up'' and quit the program immediately:
-
- Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] q
- Abandoning all efforts to resolve these dependencies.
- Abort.
-
- As with the main command-line prompt, you can perform a number of additional
- actions, including manually altering the states of packages, from the dependency
- resolution prompt. Type ? to see a complete list.
-
- For complete documentation of the command-line features of aptitude, see
- Command-Line Reference.
-
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [2] You can also change packages using the Package menu; see the section called
- ``The Package Menu'' for details.
-
- [3] Approving an action is slightly different from requiring all solutions to
- contain the action; what it means is that given a choice between an approved
- action and a non-approved action, the resolver will always pick the approved
- action. If there are several possible approved actions, all of them will be
- candidates to be placed into the solution.
-
- [4]A ``switch'' is a letter preceded by a hyphen: for instance, ``-a'', ``-v'',
- etc.
-
- [5]Purging a package removes the package, as well as all its configuration
- files.
-
- [6] In fact, the same is true of the commands that take packages as arguments,
- such as install or show.
-
-
- Chapter 2. aptitude Reference Guide
-
- Table of Contents
-
-
-
- The aptitude UI
-
-
- Using the menus
-
- Menu commands
-
- Working with multiple views
-
- Becoming root
-
-
- Managing packages
-
-
- Managing the package list
-
- Accessing package information
-
- Modifying package states
-
- Solving Dependency Problems
-
- Downloading, installing, and removing packages
-
- Understanding and managing package trust
-
- Managing automatically installed packages
-
-
- Search Patterns
-
- Customizing aptitude
-
-
- Customizing the Package List
-
- Customizing keybindings
-
- Customizing text colors and styles
-
- Customizing the display layout
-
- Configuration file reference
-
- Themes
-
-
- Playing Minesweeper
-
-
- The White Rabbit put on his spectacles. 'Where shall I begin, please your
- Majesty?' he asked.
-
- 'Begin at the beginning,' the King said gravely, 'and go on till you come to
- the end: then stop.'
-
- -- Lewis Carrol, Alice in Wonderland
-
-
- aptitude is a large program with many features, and it is sometimes difficult to
- remember how to do something, or even to remember whether that something is even
- possible. Indeed, many feature requests received by the author describe features
- which are already present but are difficult to find.[7]
-
- In an attempt to combat this obscurity, this reference guide describes every
- feature and configuration parameter of aptitude. For a more gentle guide to the
- important features of aptitude, see Chapter 1, Getting_Started.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- aptitude's behavior and appearance can be configured in a number of
- ways. This manual describes how the program works with the default
- settings; descriptions of how various settings affect behavior are
- given in the section called ``Customizing aptitude''.
-
-
-
- The aptitude UI
-
- This section describes the parts of the user interface of aptitude that do not
- deal with managing packages.
-
-
- Using the menus
-
- The menu bar at the top of the screen lists the most important commands in
- aptitude. To activate the menu bar, press Control-t; you can then navigate it
- using the arrow keys and select a menu item using Enter.
-
- Some menu items also have ``hotkeys'': letters or numbers that can be used to
- select the item while the menu is active. These hotkeys are displayed in a
- brighter shade of white than the rest of the menu.
-
- In addition, some menu items have ``shortcuts'': keystrokes that perform the
- same action as the menu item while the menu is not active. These keystrokes are
- listed on the right-hand side of the menu.
-
- In the remainder of the manual, menu commands will be written like this: Menu
- → Item (key). This indicates that you should choose Item from the Menu
- menu, and that key is the shortcut for this command.
-
-
- Menu commands
-
-
- The Actions Menu
-
- Figure 2.1. Commands available in the Actions menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |If an installation preview is not |
- |Actions → Install/remove |visible, display one; otherwise, |
- |packages (g) |perform an install run as described in |
- | |the section called ``Downloading, |
- | |installing, and removing packages''. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Actions → Update package list |Bring the package list up-to-date. |
- |(u) | |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Flag all upgradable packages, except |
- |Actions → Mark Upgradable (U) |those which are held or forbidden from |
- | |upgrading, for upgrade. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Actions → Forget new packages |Discard all information about what |
- |(f) |packages are ``new'' (empty the ``New |
- | |Packages'' tree). |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Cancel all pending installations, |
- | |removals, upgrades, and holds. This is |
- |Actions → Cancel pending actions|equivalent to executing the Keep |
- | |command on every package in the package|
- | |database. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Actions → Clean package cache |Delete all the compressed packages that|
- | |were downloaded by aptitude [a]. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Delete any compressed packages that |
- | |were downloaded by aptitude [a] and are|
- | |no longer available. These are presumed|
- |Actions → Clean obsolete files |to be packages which are obsolete, and |
- | |can be deleted to save disk space |
- | |without requiring an otherwise |
- | |unnecessary download. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Play a game of Minesweeper, as |
- |Actions → Play Minesweeper |described in the section called |
- | |``Playing Minesweeper''. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Actions → Become root |Continue working as the root user; see |
- | |the section called ``Becoming root''. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Actions → Quit (Q) |Quit the program, saving any changes to|
- | |package states. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |[a] Or any other apt utility. |
- |______________________________________________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Undo Menu
-
- Figure 2.2. Commands available in the Undo menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |_____________________________|________________________________________________|
- | |Cancel the effect of the last change to a |
- |Undo → Undo (Control+u)|package's state, up to the last time the program|
- | |was started, the package list was updated, or an|
- | |install run was performed. |
- |_____________________________|________________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Package Menu
-
- Figure 2.3. Commands available in the Package menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- |Package → Install (+) |Flag the currently selected package for |
- | |installation. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- |Package → Remove (-) |Flag the currently selected package for |
- | |removal. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- |Package → Purge (_) |Flag the currently selected package to be |
- | |purged. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Cancel any pending installation, upgrade, |
- |Package → Keep (:) |or removal of the currently selected |
- | |package, and remove any hold that was set |
- | |on the package. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- |Package → Hold (=) |Hold the currently selected package back. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Mark the currently selected package as an |
- | |``automatically installed'' package. For |
- |Package → Mark Auto (M) |more information on manually and |
- | |automatically installed packages, see the |
- | |section called ``Managing automatically |
- | |installed packages''. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Mark the currently selected package as a |
- | |``manually installed'' package. For more |
- |Package → Mark Manual (m) |information on manually and automatically |
- | |installed packages, see the section called|
- | |``Managing automatically installed |
- | |packages''. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |If a package that can be upgraded is |
- | |selected, forbid it from being upgraded to|
- |Package → Forbid Version (F) |the currently available version. If a |
- | |version of a package is selected, forbid |
- | |the package from being upgraded to that |
- | |version. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Display a screen containing information |
- | |about the currently selected package, such|
- |Package → Information (enter)|as the packages it depends upon, the |
- | |packages which depend upon it, and its |
- | |available versions. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Display the currently selected package's |
- |package → Changelog (C) |Debian changelog. To see the changelog of |
- | |a particular version, select that version |
- | |and execute this command. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Resolver Menu
-
- Figure 2.4. Commands available in the Resolver menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Display a detailed description of the |
- |Resolver → Examine Solution (e) |problem resolver's current suggestion |
- | |(see the section called ``Solving |
- | |Dependency Problems''). |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Resolver → Apply Solution (!) |Carry out the actions that the problem |
- | |resolver is currently suggesting. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Resolver → Next Solution (.) |Select the problem resolver's next |
- | |suggestion. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Resolver → Previous Solution (,)|Select the problem resolver's previous |
- | |suggestion. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |Resolver → First Solution (<) |Select the problem resolver's first |
- | |suggestion. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Select the problem resolver's most |
- |Resolver → Last Solution (>) |recently generated solution (see the |
- | |section called ``Solving Dependency |
- | |Problems''). |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |When examining a solution, toggle |
- | |whether the currently selected action |
- | |is rejected and move to the next action|
- |Resolver → Toggle Rejected (r) |(see the section called ``Solving |
- | |Dependency Problems''). If the action |
- | |is currently approved, its approval |
- | |will be cancelled. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |When examining a solution, toggle |
- | |whether the currently selected action |
- | |is approved and move to the next action|
- |Resolver → Toggle Approved (a) |(see the section called ``Solving |
- | |Dependency Problems''). If the action |
- | |is currently rejected, its rejection |
- | |will be cancelled. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |When examining a solution, view |
- | |detailed information about the package |
- |Resolver → View Target (Enter) |which is affected by the currently |
- | |selected action (see the section called|
- | |``Solving Dependency Problems''). |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Search Menu
-
- Figure 2.5. Commands available in the Search menu
-
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
- | |Find the next package in the package list |
- |Search → Find (/) |that matches a search pattern (see the |
- | |section called ``Search Patterns''). |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
- | |Find the previous package in the package |
- |Search → Find Backwards (\)|list that matches a search pattern (see the|
- | |section called ``Search Patterns''). |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
- |Search → Find Again (n) |Repeat the last Find command. |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
- | |Filter the current package list by removing|
- |Search → Limit Display (l) |any packages which do not match a search |
- | |pattern (see the section called ``Search |
- | |Patterns''). |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
- |Search → Un-Limit Display |Un-filter the current package list (all |
- | |packages will be shown). |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
- |Search → Find Broken (b) |Find the next broken package. This is |
- | |equivalent to searching for ~b. |
- |_________________________________|___________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Options Menu
-
- Figure 2.6. Commands available in the Options menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Display a dialog box in which you can set |
- |Options → UI options |options pertaining to the interface (how |
- | |messages are displayed, how packages are |
- | |organized, etc). |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Display a dialog box in which you can set |
- | |options pertaining to how dependencies are|
- |Options → Dependency handling|treated: for instance, whether to |
- | |automatically install packages which are |
- | |recommended by other packages. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- | |Display a dialog box in which you can set |
- | |options that don't fit into the previous |
- |Options → Miscellaneous |two categories: for instance, whether |
- | |packages should be automatically flagged |
- | |for upgrade when aptitude starts. |
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
- |Options → Revert options |Reset all options to their default values.|
- |___________________________________|__________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Views Menu
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- For an overview of how views work, see the section called ``Working
- with multiple views''.
-
-
- Figure 2.7. Commands available in the Views menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- |Views → Next (F6) |Change to the next active view. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- |Views → Prev (F7) |Change to the previous active view. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- |Views → Close (q) |Close the current view. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- |Views → New Package View |Create a new view of the package list. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- | |Create a view that displays packages |
- |Views → Audit Recommendations |which are not installed, and which a |
- | |package installed on your system |
- | |Recommends. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- |Views → New Flat Package List |Create a new view of the package list in|
- | |which packages are not categorized. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- | |Create a new view of the package list in|
- |Views → New Debtags Browser |which packages are categorized according|
- | |to their debtags entries. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- |Views → New Categorical Browser|View the package list, arranged by |
- | |category. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
- | |A number of additional menu items |
- | |appear; these correspond to the |
- |Additional items |currently active views. To switch |
- | |directly to a view, select it from the |
- | |menu. |
- |_____________________________________|________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- The Help Menu
-
- Figure 2.8. Commands available in the Help menu
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
- |Help → About |Display some copyright information. |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
- |Help → Help (?) |Display the on-line help page. |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
- |Help → User's Manual|Display the User's Manual (this document). |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
- |Help → FAQ |Display the aptitude FAQ. |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
- |Help → ChangeLog |Display a history of the major changes made to |
- | |aptitude. |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
- |Help → License |Display the terms under which you may copy, modify,|
- | |and distribute aptitude. |
- |__________________________|___________________________________________________|
-
-
-
-
- Working with multiple views
-
- aptitude allows you to work with several ``views'' at once. A ``view''
- (sometimes called a ``screen'') is simply something that can appear in the area
- of the screen below the menu bar. The most common view is the package list, but
- download views are also common.
-
- When several views are open at once, a bar listing all the active views will
- appear at the top of the screen. For instance, if I examine apt by pressing
- Enter, then examine libc6, the screen will look something like this:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages apt info libc6 info
- aptitude 0.3.1
- i A --\ libc6 2.3.2.ds1- 2.3.2.ds1-
- Description: GNU C Library: Shared libraries and Timezone data
- Contains the standard libraries that are used by nearly all programs on the
- system. This package includes shared versions of the standard C library and
- the standard math library, as well as many others. Timezone data is also
- included.
- Priority: required
- Section: base
- Maintainer: GNU Libc Maintainers <debian-glibc@lists.debian.org>
- Compressed size: 4901k
- Uncompressed size: 15.9M
- Source Package: glibc
- --\ Depends
- --- libdb1-compat
- --\ Suggests
- --- locales
- --- glibc-doc
- --\ Conflicts
- GNU C Library: Shared libraries and Timezone data
-
- You can close the current view using Views → Close (q). To switch to the
- next or previous view, use Views → Next (F6) and Views → Prev (F7),
- or click on the view's name at the top of the screen; you can also find a list
- of all active views in the Views menu.
-
- As shown above, some commands (for instance, viewing information about a
- package) will create new views automatically; you can also explicitly create a
- new view using Views → New Package View or Views → New Categorical
- Browser.
-
-
- Becoming root
-
- Some actions, such as updating the package lists, can only be performed as root.
- If you are not root and you try to update the package lists, aptitude will ask
- if you want to become root:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --- Installed Packages
- --- Not Installed Packages
- --- Obsolete and Locally Created Packages
- --- Virtual Packages
- --- Tasks
-
- +-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- |Updating the package lists requires administrative privileges, which |
- |you currently do not have. Would you like to change to the root account?|
- | |
- | [ Become root ] [ Don't become root ] |
- Th+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- If you select ``Become root'', aptitude will prompt you for root's password;
- when you have correctly entered it, aptitude will perform the action that
- required root privileges. You will still be root after the action completes.
-
- You can switch to the root account at any time using the command Actions →
- Become root. Any changes you have made to package states will be preserved (but
- will not be saved until you quit aptitude).
-
-
- Managing packages
-
- This section describes how to manipulate the list of packages, how to install
- new packages on your system, and how to remove old packages.
-
-
- Managing the package list
-
- To keep the list of packages up-to-date, it is recommended that you periodically
- update it. You can do this using the Actions → Update package list (u)
- command.
-
-
- Accessing package information
-
- Information about packages is presented in several locations in aptitude: the
- package list gives a quick overview of the state of each package, and additional
- views providing detailed information about a package are also available.
-
-
- The Package List
-
- The package list displays an ``at-a-glance'' synopsis of a package's state. For
- instance, the package webmin might have the following synopsis:
-
- piAU webmin +5837kB <none> 1.160-2
-
- The four characters on the left-hand side of the synopsis show that the package
- is not installed (``p''), that it is going to be installed (``i''), that it was
- automatically chosen to be installed (``A''), and that it is untrusted (``U'').
- On the right-hand side of the synopsis, the current version and the most recent
- available version are displayed, along with an indication of how much space will
- be used by the upgrade.
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- You can customize how package synopses are displayed; see the section
- called ``Customizing how packages are displayed'' for details.
-
-
- The four status flags on the left-hand side of the screen give the basic
- information about a package's state. The first character is the package's
- current state. The second character is the action which will be taken on the
- package. The third character indicates whether the package was automatically
- installed (see the section called ``Managing automatically installed
- packages''), and the fourth character indicates whether the package is trusted
- (see the section called ``Understanding and managing package trust'').
-
- The possible values of the ``current state'' flag are given in Figure 2.9,
- ``Values of the ``current state'' flag'' and the possible values of the
- ``action'' flag are given in Figure 2.10, ``Values of the ``action'' flag''.
-
- Figure 2.9. Values of the ``current state'' flag
-
-
- i - the package is installed and all its dependencies are satisfied.
-
- c - the package was removed, but its configuration files are still present.
-
- p - the package and all its configuration files were removed, or the package was
- never installed.
-
- v - the package is virtual.
-
- B - the package has broken dependencies.
-
- u - the package has been unpacked but not configured.
-
- C - half-configured: the package's configuration was interrupted.
-
- H - half-installed: the package's installation was interrupted.
-
-
-
-
- Figure 2.10. Values of the ``action'' flag
-
-
- i - the package will be installed.
-
- u - the package will be upgraded.
-
- d - the package will be deleted: it will be removed, but its configuration files
- will remain on the system.
-
- p - the package will be purged: it and its configuration files will be removed.
-
- h - the package will be held back: it will be kept at its current version, even
- if a newer version becomes available, until the hold is cancelled.
-
- F - An upgrade of the package has been forbidden.
-
- r - the package will be reinstalled.
-
- the package is ``broken'': some of its dependencies will not be satisfied.
- B - aptitude will not allow you to install, remove, or upgrade anything while
- you have broken packages.
-
-
-
-
- In addition, aptitude will use colors to indicate package state if your terminal
- supports it. State distinctions are mainly displayed using the background color:
-
-
-
- Black
- The package cannot be upgraded (or is not going to be installed), and it
- has no dependency problems. If the package is installed, its name will be
- highlighted.
-
-
- Green
- The package is going to be installed.
-
-
- Blue
- The package is currently installed, and it will be upgraded.
-
-
- Magenta
- The package is currently installed, but it will be removed.
-
-
- White
- The package is currently installed, and it is ``held'' at its current
- version: automatic upgrades will ignore it.
-
-
- Red
- This package is broken: some of its dependencies will not be satisfied.
-
-
- Finally, the lower half of the screen displays the long description. aptitude
- will attempt to detect whether the package is involved in a dependency problem;
- if so, information regarding the dependency problem will be displayed here. To
- cycle between dependency information and the package description, press i.
-
-
- Detailed package information
-
- Pressing Enter while a package is highlighted will display the package
- information screen:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- i A --\ apt 0.5.25 0.5.25
- Description: Advanced front-end for dpkg
- This is Debian's next generation front-end for the dpkg package manager. It
- provides the apt-get utility and APT dselect method that provides a simpler,
- safer way to install and upgrade packages.
-
- APT features complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and
- several other unique features, see the Users Guide in apt-doc.
- Essential: yes
- Priority: important
- Section: base
- Maintainer: APT Development Team <deity@lists.debian.org>
- Compressed size: 970k
- Uncompressed size: 2961k
- Source Package: apt
- --\ Depends
- --- libc6 (>= 2.3.2.ds1-4)
- --- libgcc1 (>= 1:3.3.3-1)
- --- libstdc++5 (>= 1:3.3.3-1)
- --\ Suggests
- --- aptitude | synaptic | gnome-apt | wajig
- --- dpkg-dev
- --\ apt-doc (UNSATISFIED)
- p 0.6.25
- p 0.5.25
- --\ Replaces
- --- libapt-pkg-doc (< 0.3.7)
- --- libapt-pkg-dev (< 0.3.7)
- --- Package names provided by apt
- --- Packages which depend on apt
- --\ Versions
- p A 0.6.25
- i A 0.5.25
-
- This display can be navigated in a manner similar to the package list: for
- instance, in the screenshot above, I expanded the dependency on apt-doc,
- revealing the available versions of apt-doc which will fulfill the dependency.
- These versions can be manipulated in the same way that packages can: for
- instance, to install version 0.5.25 of apt-doc, you would highlight it and press
- +.
-
-
- [Tip] Tip
-
- To quickly satisfy a dependency, select the dependency and press +;
- aptitude will attempt to automatically satisfy it.
-
-
- In addition to the dependencies of a package, you can view the package names
- that it Provides, the packages which depend upon it, and the available versions
- of the package (including any other packages that Provide it).
-
- As usual, you can dismiss this screen and return to the main view by pressing q.
- For convenience, a few other information screens (which only display some
- commonly-used information, hiding the rest) are available: press v to view the
- versions of a package, d to view the dependencies of a package, and r to view
- the ``reverse dependencies'' of a package (packages which depend upon it).
-
-
- Modifying package states
-
- The following commands are available to modify the states of packages. Commands
- take effect the next time you perform an install run; until you do, all of these
- commands can be reversed using Undo → Undo (Control+u).
-
- To apply a command to a package, simply select the package in a package list and
- issue the command. These commands can also be applied to groups of packages by
- selecting the group header (for instance, ``Upgradable Packages'') and issuing
- the command.
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Description |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Flag the current package for |
- | |installation. |
- | | |
- | |If the package is not installed, it |
- |Install: Package → Install (+) |will be installed. If it is already |
- | |installed, it will be upgraded if |
- | |possible and any sticky upgrade |
- | |prevention that is in effect (eg, Hold)|
- | |will be cancelled. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Flag the currently selected package for|
- | |removal. |
- |Remove: Package → Remove (-) | |
- | |If the package is installed, it will be|
- | |removed. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Flag the current package to be purged. |
- | | |
- | |If the package is installed, it will be|
- |Purge: Package → Purge (_) |removed. Futhermore, even if it is |
- | |removed, any remaining files (such as |
- | |configuration files) related to the |
- | |package will be removed from the |
- | |system. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Flag the current package to be kept at |
- | |its current version. |
- | | |
- |Keep: Package → Keep (:) |Any action that was to be performed on |
- | |the package -- installation, removal, |
- | |or upgrade -- is cancelled, and any |
- | |persistent hold that was set on the |
- | |package is removed. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Set a persistent hold on the package. |
- | | |
- | |As with Keep, any action that was to be|
- |Hold: Package → Hold (=) |performed on the package is cancelled. |
- | |In addition, the package will not be |
- | |automatically upgraded [a] until the |
- | |hold is removed. You may cancel a hold |
- | |by issuing the Install command. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |The package will not be automatically |
- | |upgraded[a] to the version it would |
- | |currently be upgraded to. If it was |
- | |going to be upgraded, the upgrade will |
- | |be cancelled. |
- | | |
- | |If you issue this command on a |
- |Package → Forbid Version (F) |particular version of a package, the |
- | |package will not be upgraded to the |
- | |selected version. Note that only one |
- | |version can be forbidden at once. |
- | | |
- | |This functionality is largely provided |
- | |as a convenience for users of the |
- | |``unstable'' distribution, so they can |
- | |avoid known-bad versions of packages. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Reinstalls the package. |
- | | |
- | |Note that the reinstallation will not |
- | |be saved when you quit aptitude or |
- |Reinstall: press L |perform an install run for technical |
- | |reasons. (essentially, the underlying |
- | |software layers (dpkg and apt) do not |
- | |provide any way to find out whether a |
- | |reinstallation was successful or not). |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- | |Sets whether the package is treated as |
- | |having been automatically installed; |
- |Package → Mark Auto (M), Package|automatically installed packages will |
- |→ Mark Manual (m) |be removed when no other package |
- | |requires them. For more information, |
- | |see the section called ``Managing |
- | |automatically installed packages''. |
- |______________________________________|_______________________________________|
- |[a] That is, it will be unaffected by Actions → Mark Upgradable (U) or |
- |the dist-upgrade or upgrade command-line actions. |
- |______________________________________________________________________________|
-
- In addition to these commands that affect the selected package, there are two
- commands that affect large numbers of packages at once regardless of what is
- selected. Actions → Forget new packages (f) clears the ``new'' status of
- all packages in the package list, and Actions → Mark Upgradable (U) flags
- every package which can be upgraded for upgrade, except for packages that are
- held back or would be upgraded to a forbidden version.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- All changes to package states are saved when you quit aptitude, update
- the package list, or perform an install run. If you do not wish to save
- your changes, you can always abort aptitude by pressing Ctrl-C.
-
-
-
- Solving Dependency Problems
-
- If a dependency problem arises, aptitude can assist you in resolving it. As soon
- as a problem occurs, a red bar will appear at the bottom of the screen with a
- summary of aptitude's suggestion about how to fix it. For instance, in the
- following screenshot, aptitude is indicating that it can resolve the situation
- by keeping two packages at their current versions.
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.3.3 #Broken: 1 Will free 48.6MB of disk space
- i A nautilus 2.10.1-4 2.10.1-4
- i nautilus-cd-burner 2.10.2-1.1 2.10.2-1.1
- i A nautilus-data 2.10.1-4 2.10.1-4
- i netspeed 0.12.1-1 0.12.1-1
- i A oaf 0.6.10-3 0.6.10-3
- i pybliographer 1.2.6.2-1 1.2.6.2-1
- i rhythmbox 0.8.8-13 0.8.8-13
- i shermans-aquarium 3.0.1-1 3.0.1-1
- idA sound-juicer -1733kB 2.10.1-3 2.10.1-3
- GNOME 2 CD Ripper
- sound-juicer will be removed.
-
-
- The following packages depend on sound-juicer and will be broken by its
- removal:
-
-
- * gnome-desktop-environment depends on sound-juicer
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- As indicated at the bottom of the screen, you can view additional solutions by
- pressing . and ,, apply the current solution by pressing !, and examine the
- solution in more detail by pressing e. When you examine the current solution, a
- screen similar to the following will appear:
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Keep the following packages at their current version:
- gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.10-1 (unstable, now)]
- sound-juicer [2.10.1-2 (now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- You can access information about the package affected by an action by simply
- pressing Enter while the package is highlighted. For a more detailed explanation
- of why aptitude made a particular decision, you can highlight the element in the
- list. When you do so, the lower half of the screen will display the dependency
- which was resolved by aptitude's choice, along with every way in which this
- dependency could have been resolved.
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Keep the following packages at their current version:
- gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.11-1 (unstable, now)]
- sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
- cdparanoia plugin for GStreamer
- sound-juicer depends upon gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia
- --\ The following actions will resolve this dependency:
- -> Downgrade sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now) -> 0.6.1-2 (testing)]
- -> Remove sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now)]
- -> Cancel the removal of gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia
- -> Downgrade gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.11-1 (unstable, now) -> 0.8.8-3 (tes
-
-
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- You can guide the dependency resolver to a solution of which you approve by
- approving or rejecting the individual actions of a solution. If you approve an
- action, the resolver will choose it whenever possible, ignoring alternatives
- (when there are several approved alternatives, all of them will be chosen). On
- the other hand, if you reject an action, the resolver will never choose that
- action.
-
- To reject a solution, highlight it and press r; the rejection can be cancelled
- by pressing r again. Similarly, select an action and press a to approve it. You
- can undo either action by using Undo → Undo (Control+u) while the resolver
- screen is active. If you cancel a rejection or an approval, any solutions that
- were ignored will be available the next time that you generate a new solution.
-
- Rejected actions are colored red and marked with an ``R'', while approved
- actions are colored green and marked with an ``A''. You can see this in the
- following screenshot, where the action ``keep gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia at its
- current version'' has been rejected, and the action ``keep sound-juicer at its
- current version'' has been approved.
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ Keep the following packages at their current version:
- R gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia [0.8.11-1 (unstable, now)]
- A sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now)]
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- Rejections and approvals only affect newly generated solutions. You can tell
- when a new solution will be generated by examining the indicator in the lower
- left hand corner of the screen: if there is a number in parentheses, it is the
- number of solutions that have been generated. Thus, when the number outside the
- parentheses and the number inside are identical (as above), pressing . will
- generated a new solution. If there is no number in parentheses (for instance,
- the indicator reads [1/5]), then there are no more solutions to generated. At
- any time, you can select the last generated solution by pressing >, and the
- first generated solution by pressing <.
-
-
- [Important] Important
-
- The state of the problem resolver is discarded when you modify the
- state of any package. If you mark a package for installation, for
- upgrade, for removal, etc, the resolver will forget all of your
- rejections and approvals, as well as all the solutions that have
- been generated so far.
-
-
- In addition to selecting actions in the list at the top of the screen, you can
- also select them using the list in the bottom half. To access this list, either
- click in it using the mouse or press Tab. Finally, to see the decisions that the
- problem resolver took arranged in order, press o. This will give a list of the
- dependencies that were resolved and the action taken to resolve them, as in the
- following screenshot.
-
- Actions Undo Package Resolver Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Packages Resolve Dependencies
- --\ gnome-desktop-environment depends upon sound-juicer
- -> Cancel the removal of sound-juicer
- --\ sound-juicer depends upon gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia
- -> Cancel the removal of gstreamer0.8-cdparanoia
-
-
-
-
-
- GNOME 2 CD Ripper
- gnome-desktop-environment depends upon sound-juicer
- --\ The following actions will resolve this dependency:
- -> Remove gnome-desktop-environment [1:2.10.2.3 (unstable, testing, now)]
- -> Cancel the removal of sound-juicer
- -> Downgrade sound-juicer [2.10.1-3 (unstable, now) -> 0.6.1-2 (testing)]
-
-
-
-
- [1(1)/...] Suggest 2 keeps
- e: Examine !: Apply .: Next ,: Previous
-
- You can leave this display mode by pressing o again.
-
-
- Downloading, installing, and removing packages
-
- Changing package states as described in the previous section does not actually
- affect what is installed on your system. Thus, you can adjust the state of
- packages without affecting your system until you are happy with what you see;
- once you are, you can ``commit'' the changes by actually installing and removing
- packages.[8]
-
- To commit your changes, use the Actions → Install/remove packages (g)
- command. Selecting this command will display a preview screen describing the
- changes that will be performed. This screen is just a package list, and you can
- manipulate the packages (for instance, cancelling unwanted removals) in the same
- way that you could in the main list.
-
- When you are done, use Views → Close (q) to cancel the installation, or
- use Actions → Install/remove packages (g) to proceed. aptitude will
- download any files that need to be downloaded, then prompt you to continue with
- the installation. When you select ``Continue'', the installations and removals
- will commence.
-
- Packages that are downloaded by aptitude are placed in a cache directory
- (typically /var/cache/apt/archives). Normally, they are just left in this
- directory ad infinitum. To delete all the files in this directory, use Actions
- → Clean package cache; to delete only files which cannot be downloaded
- again (ie, obsolete packages), use Actions → Clean obsolete files.
-
-
- Understanding and managing package trust
-
- apt's ability to access multiple package sources leads to a potential security
- vulnerability. Suppose you add an archive of packages published by Joe Random
- Hacker to your sources.list file in order to install Joe's gargleblast package.
- It is possible, however, that -- unbeknownst to you -- Joe's archive also
- contains his own ``customized'' versions of packages such as libc6 and
- ssh...versions that steal your private information or open backdoors on your
- system! If these packages have higher version numbers than the legitimate Debian
- packages, apt will blithely install them on your system during your next
- upgrade, allowing Joe to do his dirty work undetected. Joe could also break into
- your mirror of the Debian archives and replace the legitimate software with his
- doctored version.
-
- Luckily, newer versions of apt and aptitude, such as the version documented in
- this manual, have built-in safeguards to help defeat this type of attack. apt
- uses strong security mechanisms based on the popular GPG encryption software to
- verify that the packages being distributed from the official Debian mirrors are
- the same packages that were uploaded by the Debian developers. aptitude will
- then warn you if you attempt to install a package from a non-Debian source, or
- if you attempt to upgrade a package that was installed from a Debian source to a
- version that came from a non-Debian source.
-
-
- [Warning] Warning
-
- The security mechanisms in apt provide a near-perfect guarantee that
- the contents of your archive mirror are identical to the contents of
- the master Debian archive. However, they are not a panacea: for
- instance, there are many ways that a tampered package could
- theoretically find its way into the master Debian archive.
-
- Ensuring that you only install software from a trusted source will
- give you an important degree of protection against malicious
- packages, but it cannot eliminate all the risks inherent in
- installing software.
-
-
-
- Understanding trust
-
- apt allows the administrator of an archive to provide a signature of the
- archive's index. This signature, which (for all practical purposes) cannot be
- forged, indicates that the package files listed in the index are the same files
- that the administrator intended to place in the archive: ie, that the contents
- of the archive have not been tampered with since it was created.[9] The
- signature can be validated by checking that it corresponds to the
- administrator's public key. The public key of the Debian archive is distributed
- with apt, typically on your Debian CD.
-
- When aptitude downloads an archive index, it will check whether the index is
- properly signed. If it is unsigned, aptitude will not trust package files from
- that archive. (see below for information on what this means) If it has a
- signature but the signature is incorrect or cannot be verified, a warning will
- be printed and aptitude will refuse to trust packages from that archive.
-
- Later, when you perform an install run, aptitude will check whether the packages
- are from trusted sources. If an untrusted package is being installed, or a
- package is being upgraded from a trusted to an untrusted version, a warning will
- be displayed and you will have the opportunity to abort the download:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.3.0 Will use 831kB of disk space DL Size: 30.4MB
- --\ Packages to be upgraded
- iu U wesnoth -98.3kB 0.8.7-1 0.8.8-1.0w
- iuAU wesnoth-data +930kB 0.8.7-1 0.8.8-1.0w
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- |WARNING: untrusted versions of the following packages will be installed! #|
- | #|
- |Untrusted packages could compromise your system's security. You should only #|
- |proceed with the installation if you are certain that this is what you want #|
- |to do. #|
- | #|
- | * wesnoth [version 0.8.8-1.0wesnoth.org] #|
- | * wesnoth-data [version 0.8.8-1.0wesnoth.org] #|
- | * wesnoth-music [version 0.8.8-1.0wesnoth.org] #|
- | [ Really Continue ] [ Abort Installation ] |
- +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
- #
-
-
- Trusting additional keys
-
- You might find it useful to allow apt to trust additional archives, besides the
- main Debian archive. For each archive that you want to trust, you will have to
- acquire the public key that is used to sign the archive's package index. This is
- typically a text file whose name ends in .asc; it might be provided by the site
- administrator or downloadable from a public keyserver. For more information on
- what public keys are and how to get them, see the GPG web page.
-
- The list of keys that apt will trust is stored in the keyring file /etc/apt/
- trusted.gpg. Once you have the GPG key, you can add it to this file by executing
- the command gpg --no-default-keyring --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --import
- newkey.asc. aptitude will then trust any archive that is signed with the key
- contained in newkey.asc.
-
-
- [Warning] Warning
-
- Once an archive's key has been added to the APT keyring, it will be
- trusted just as much as the main Debian mirrors themselves! You
- should only do this if you are very confident that the key you are
- adding is correct and that the person who holds the key is
- trustworthy and competent.
-
-
-
- Managing automatically installed packages
-
- To install one package, it is often necessary to install several others (to
- fulfill its dependencies). For instance, if you wish to install the clanbomber
- package, you must also install the package libclanlib2. If you remove clanbomber
- again, you probably no longer need the libclanlib2 package; aptitude will
- attempt to detect this and automatically remove the libclanlib2 package.
-
- It works like this: when you install a package, aptitude will automatically
- install any other packages on which it depends. These packages are marked as
- having been ``automatically installed''; aptitude will monitor them and remove
- them when they are no longer depended upon by any manually installed package
- [10] . They will appear in the preview as ``packages being removed because they
- are no longer used.''
-
- As with any automatic process, there is a potential for things to go haywire.
- For instance, even if a package was automatically installed to start with, it
- might turn out to be useful in its own right. You can cancel the ``automatic''
- flag at any time by pressing m; if the package is already being removed, you can
- use Package → Install (+) to cancel the removal and clear the
- ``automatic'' flag.
-
-
- Search Patterns
-
- When you search for a package or set a display limit in aptitude, the string you
- enter is known as a ``search pattern''. While the most basic usage of search
- patterns is to match packages by name, aptitude allows you to create much more
- complex searches. In addition to the visual interface, some command-line
- operations can use search terms; see Command-Line Reference for details.
-
- A search pattern consists of one or more conditions (sometimes known as
- ``terms''); packages match the pattern if they match all of its terms. Terms
- generally start with a tilde character (``~''), followed by a character
- identifying the type of term, and then any additional text required by the term.
-
- By default, patterns are checked against all versions of the package. However,
- some patterns will restrict which versions are tested. For instance, the ~D
- pattern takes another pattern as an argument, and matches any package that
- depends on another package matching that pattern. In this case, only package
- versions that satisfy the dependency will be tested against. The versions that
- are used to test for a match will only change in match terms that have a subterm
- (like ~D).
-
- Most textual searches (for package names, descriptions, etc) are performed using
- case-insensitive regular expressions. This means that you must backslash-escape
- regular expression metacharacters [11] in searches (for instance, to find
- ``g++'', you should use the pattern ``g\+\+'').
-
- Normally, ``whitespace'' -- that is, space characters, tabs, and so on -
- - separates terms but is otherwise ignored by aptitude. To include whitespace
- (or other special characters) in a term, you can either place a tilde in front
- of it (as in Debian~ Project) or place quotation marks around it (as in "Debian
- Project" or even Debian" "Project). Inside a quoted string, the backslash
- character (``\'') can be used to cancel the special meaning of the quotation
- mark: for instance, ~d"\"email" will match any package whose description
- contains a quotation mark followed immediately by email. [12]
-
- The following types of terms are available:
-
-
-
- name
- Matches packages whose names match the regular expression name. This is
- the ``default'' search mode and is used for patterns that don't start with
- ~.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- To match packages whose names contain several different
- substrings, use the ~n matcher (described below); for instance,
- ``~napti~ntude''.
-
-
-
- !term
- Matches packages which do not match the term term. For instance, ``!~b''
- selects packages that are not ``broken''.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- To include a ``!'' in a regular expression, it must be
- ``escaped'' to prevent aptitude from considering it part of a NOT
- term: ``~!''.
-
-
-
- term1 | term2
- Matches packages that match either term1 or term2.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- To use the character ``|'' in a regular expression, it must be
- ``escaped'' to prevent aptitude from creating an OR term from it:
- ``~|''.
-
-
-
- (term)
- Matches term; this is useful to explicitly select the grouping of complex
- expressions. For instance, ``~D(perl|python)'' matches any package that
- depends on a package whose name contains either perl or python.
-
-
- ~Aarchive
- Matches package versions which are available from an archive that matches
- the regular expression archive. For instance, ``~Atesting'' matches any
- package available from the testing archive.
-
-
- ~aaction
- Matches packages upon which the given action is going to be performed.
- action can be ``install'', ``upgrade'', ``downgrade'', ``remove'',
- ``purge'', ``hold'' (tests whether a package has been placed on hold), or
- ``keep'' (tests whether a package will be unchanged).
-
- Note that this only tests whether an action is actually queued up to be
- performed on a package, not whether it could be performed. Thus, for
- instance, ~aupgrade matches exactly those packages that you have already
- decided to upgrade, not packages which could be upgraded in the future
- (for that, use ~U).
-
-
- ~Btype
- Matches packages which have an unfulfilled (``broken'') dependency of the
- given type. type can be ``depends'', ``predepends'', ``recommends'',
- ``suggests'', ``breaks'', ``conflicts'', or ``replaces''.
-
-
- ~b
- Matches packages that are ``broken'': they have an unfulfilled dependency,
- predependency, breaks, or conflict.
-
-
- ~Cterm
- Matches packages which conflict with a package matching the given term.
- For instance, ``~C~mdburrows@debian.org'' matches any package which
- conflicts with a package I maintain.
-
-
- ~c
- Matches packages which have been removed, but whose configuration files
- remain on the system (ie, they were removed but not purged).
-
-
- ~D[B][type:]term
- type may be either ``provides'' or one of the dependency types given in
- the documentation of ~B. If type is not present, it defaults to depends.
- If B is present, only broken dependencies will be considered.
-
- If type is ``provides'', matches packages that provide a package matching
- term (the equivalent of ~P). Otherwise, matches packages which declare a
- dependency of type type upon a package version which matches term.
-
-
- ~ddescription
- Matches packages whose description matches the regular expression
- description.
-
-
- ~E
- Matches Essential packages.
-
-
- ~F
- This term does not match any package (``F'' stands for ``false''). [13]
-
-
- ~g
- Matches packages which are not installed, or which were automatically
- installed and are not depended upon by any installed package.
-
-
- ~Gtag
- Matches packages whose Tag field matches the regular expression tag. For
- instance, the pattern ~Ggame::strategy would match strategy games.
-
- For more information on tags and debtags, see http://
- debtags.alioth.debian.org.
-
-
- ~i
- Matches package versions which are currently installed.
-
- Since all versions are tested by default, this normally matches packages
- which are currently installed.
-
-
- ~Kterm
- Matches packages which break a package matching the given term. For
- instance, ``~K~mdburrows@debian.org'' matches any package which conflicts
- with a package I maintain.
-
-
- ~M
- Matches packages which were automatically installed.
-
-
- ~mmaintainer
- Matches packages whose Maintainer field matches the regular expression
- maintainer. For instance, ``~mjoeyh'' will find all packages maintained by
- Joey Hess.
-
-
- ~N
- Matches packages which are ``new''.
-
-
- ~nname
- Matches packages whose name matches the regular expression name. For
- instance, most of the packages that match ``~n^lib'' are libraries of one
- sort or another.
-
-
- ~Oorigin
- Matches package versions whose origin matches the regular expression
- origin. For instance, ``!~Odebian'' will find any unofficial packages on
- your system (packages not from the Debian archive).
-
-
- ~Pterm
- Matches package versions which provide a package that matches the name.
- For instance, ``~Pmail-transport-agent'' will match all the packages that
- provide ``mail-transport-agent''.
-
-
- ~ppriority
- Matches packages whose priority is priority; priority must be extra,
- important, optional, required, or standard. For instance, ``~prequired''
- matches packages whose priority is ``required''.
-
-
- ~R[B][type:]term
- type may be either ``provides'' or one of the dependency types given in
- the documentation of ~B. If type is not present, it defaults to depends.
- If B is present, only broken dependencies will be considered.
-
- If type is ``provides'', matches packages whose name is provided by a
- package version matching term. Otherwise, matches packages which a package
- version matching term declares a dependency of type type upon.
-
-
- ~S filter term
- This term ``narrows'' the search to package versions matching filter. In
- particular, it matches any package version which matches both filter and
- term. The string value of the match is the string value of term.
-
-
- ~ssection
- Matches packages whose section matches the regular expression section.
-
-
- ~T
- This term matches any package. For instance, ``~i~P~T'' matches installed
- packages which are provided by any package.
-
-
- ~ttask
- Matches packages that appear in a task whose name matches the regular
- expression task.
-
-
- ~U
- This term matches any installed package which can be upgraded.
-
-
- ~Vversion
- Matches any package version whose version number matches the regular
- expression version, with the exceptions noted below. For instance,
- ``~Vdebian'' matches packages whose version contains ``debian''.
-
- The following values of version are treated specially. To search for
- version numbers containing these values, preface the value with a
- backslash; for instance, to find packages whose version number contains
- CURRENT, search for \CURRENT.
-
-
- * CURRENT matches the currently installed version of a package, if any.
-
- * CANDIDATE matches the version, if any, of the package that will be
- installed if you press + on the package or run aptitude install on it.
-
- * TARGET matches the version of a package that is currently targeted for
- installation, if any.
-
-
-
- ~v
- Matches any package which is purely virtual: that is, its name is provided
- by a package or mentioned in a dependency, but no package of that name
- exists. For instance, ``~v!~P~T'' matches packages which are virtual and
- are not provided by any package: ie, packages which are depended upon but
- do not exist.
-
-
- ~Wterm
- ``Widens'' the match: if the versions to match against have been limited
- by an enclosing matcher (such as ~D), these limits are dropped. Thus,
- ~Wterm matches a package version if term matches any version of that
- package.
-
-
-
- Customizing aptitude
-
-
- Customizing the Package List
-
- The package list can be heavily customized: how packages are displayed, how the
- package hierarchy is formed, how packages are sorted, and even how the display
- is organized are all open to change.
-
-
- Customizing how packages are displayed
-
- This section describes how to configure the contents and format of the package
- list, status line, and header line.
-
- The format of each of these locations is defined by a ``format string''. A
- format string is a string of text containing %-escapes such as %p, %S, and so
- on. The resulting output is created by taking the text and replacing the %-
- escapes according to their meanings (given below).
-
- A %-escape can either have a fixed size, in which case it is always replaced by
- the same amount of text (with extra space characters added to fill it out as
- necessary), or it can be ``expandable'', meaning that it takes up the space that
- is not claimed by fixed-size columns. If there are several expandable columns,
- the extra space is divided evenly between them.
-
- All %-escapes come with a default size and/or expandability. The size of a %-
- escape can be changed by writing it between the % and the character identifying
- the escape; for instance, %20V generates the candidate version of the package,
- 20 characters wide. Placing a question mark (?) between the % and the character
- identifying the escape causes the column's ``basic'' width to vary depending on
- its content. Note that the resulting columns might not line up vertically!
-
- If you want a particular %-escape to be expandable, even though it normally has
- a fixed width, place a pound sign (ie, ``#'') immediately after it. For
- instance, to display the candidate version of a package, no matter how long it
- is, use the format string %V#. You can also place # after something that is not
- a %-escape; aptitude will ``expand'' the text preceding the # by inserting extra
- spaces after it.
-
- In summary, the syntax of a %-escape is:
-
- %[width][?]code[#]
-
- The configuration variables Aptitude::UI::Package-Display-Format, Aptitude::UI::
- Package-Status-Format, and Aptitude::UI::Package-Header-Format define the
- default formats the package list, the header at the top of the package list, and
- the status line below the package list respectively.
-
- The following %-escapes are available in format strings:
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- Some of the descriptions below refer to ``the package''. In the GUI,
- this is either the package being displayed or the currently selected
- package; in the command-line search, this is the package being
- displayed.
-
-
-
- Escape Name Default size Expandable Description
-
- This is not really an
- escape; it simply
- %% Literal % 1 No inserts a percent
- sign into the output
- at the point at which
- it occurs.
-
- In some
- circumstances, a
- display format string
- will have
- ``parameters'': for
- instance, in the
- Parameter command-line search,
- %#number Replacement Variable No the groups matched by
- the search are used
- as parameters when
- displaying the
- result. This format
- code will be replaced
- by the parameter
- indicated by number.
-
- A single-character
- flag summarizing any
- action to be
- %a Action Flag 1 No performed on the
- package, as described
- in Figure 2.10,
- ``Values of the
- ``action'' flag''.
-
- A somewhat more
- verbose description
- %A Action 10 No of the action to be
- performed on the
- package.
-
- If there are no
- broken packages,
- produces nothing.
- %B Broken Count 12 No Otherwise, produces a
- string such as
- ``Broken: 10''
- describing the number
- of broken packages.
-
- A single-character
- flag summarizing the
- current state of the
- %c Current State Flag 1 No package, as described
- in Figure 2.9,
- ``Values of the
- ``current state''
- flag''.
-
- A more verbose
- %C Current State 11 No description of the
- current state of the
- package.
-
- %d Description 40 Yes The package's short
- description.
-
- The size of the
- %D Package Size 6 No package file
- containing the
- package.
-
- The name of the
- %H Hostname 15 No computer on which
- aptitude is running.
-
- Displays the highest
- priority assigned to
- a package version;
- %i Pin priority 4 No for packages,
- displays the priority
- of the version which
- will be forced to be
- installed (if any).
-
- The (estimated)
- %I Installed Size 6 No amount of space the
- package takes up on
- disk.
-
- %m Maintainer 30 Yes The maintainer of the
- package.
-
- If the package is
- automatically
- %M Automatic Flag 1 No installed, outputs
- ``A''; otherwise,
- outputs nothing.
-
- The length of Outputs the version
- %n Program Version ``0.4.3''. No of the program,
- currently ``0.4.3''.
-
- The length of the Outputs the program
- %N Program Name program name. No name; usually
- ``aptitude''.
-
- If no packages are
- going to be
- installed, outputs
- nothing. Otherwise,
- outputs a string
- describing the total
- %o Download Size 15 No size of all the
- package files which
- will be installed (an
- estimate of how much
- needs to be
- downloaded); for
- instance, ``DL size:
- 1000B''.
-
- Outputs the name of
- the package. When a
- package is displayed
- in a tree context,
- %p Package Name 30 Yes the name of the
- package will be
- indented, if
- possible, according
- to its depth in the
- tree.
-
- %P Priority 9 No Outputs the priority
- of the package.
-
- Outputs the
- Reverse Depends approximate number of
- %r Count 2 No installed packages
- which depend upon the
- package.
-
- Outputs an
- abbreviated
- description of the
- %R Abbreviated Priority 3 No package's priority:
- for instance,
- ``Important'' becomes
- ``Imp''.
-
- %s Section 10 No Outputs the section
- of the package.
-
- If the package is
- %S Trust Status 1 No untrusted, displays
- the letter "U".
-
- %t Archive 10 Yes The archive in which
- the package is found.
-
- Outputs ``*'' if the
- %T Tagged 1 No package is tagged,
- nothing otherwise.
- [14]
-
- If the scheduled
- actions will alter
- the amount of space
- used on the disk,
- %u Disk Usage Change 30 No outputs a description
- of the change in disk
- space; for instance,
- ``Will use 100MB of
- disk space.''
-
- Outputs the currently
- installed version of
- %v Current Version 10 No the package, or
- <none> if the package
- is not currently
- installed.
-
- Outputs the version
- of the package which
- would be installed if
- Package →
- %V Candidate Version 10 No Install (+) were
- issued on the
- package, or <none> if
- the package is not
- currently available.
-
- Outputs how much
- additional space will
- be used or how much
- %Z Size Change 7 No space will be freed
- by installing,
- upgrading, or
- removing a package.
-
-
-
- Customizing the package hierarchy
-
- The package hierarchy is generated by a grouping policy: rules describing how
- the hierarchy should be built. The grouping policy describes a ``pipeline'' of
- rules; each rule can discard packages, create sub-hierarchies in which packages
- reside, or otherwise manipulate the tree. The configuration items Aptitude::UI::
- Default-Grouping and Aptitude::UI::Default-Preview-Grouping set the grouping
- policies for newly created package lists and preview screens, respectively. You
- can set the grouping policy for the current package list by pressing G.
-
- The grouping policy is described by a comma-separated list of rules:
- rule1,rule2,.... Each rule consists of the name of the rule, possibly followed
- by arguments: for instance, versions or section(subdir). Whether arguments are
- required and how many arguments are required (or allowed) depends on the type of
- rule.
-
- Rules can be non-terminal or terminal. A non-terminal rule will process a
- package by generating some part of the hierarchy, then passing the package on to
- a later rule. A terminal rule, on the other hand, will also generate part of the
- tree (typically items corresponding to the package), but does not pass its
- package to a later rule. If no terminal rule is specified, aptitude will use the
- default rule, which is to create the standard ``package items''.
-
-
-
- action
-
- Groups packages according to the action scheduled on them; packages that
- are not upgradable and will be unchanged are ignored. This is the grouping
- that is used in preview trees.
-
-
- deps
-
- This is a terminal rule.
-
- Creates standard package items which can be expanded to reveal the
- dependencies of the package.
-
-
- filter(pattern)
-
- Include only packages for which at least one version matches pattern.
-
- If pattern is ``missing'', no packages are discarded. This is a backwards
- compatibility feature and may be removed in the future.
-
-
- firstchar
-
- Groups packages based on the first character of their name.
-
-
- hier
-
- Groups packages according to an extra data file describing a ``hierarchy''
- of packages.
-
-
- pattern(pattern [=> title][, ...])
-
- A customizable grouping policy. Each version of every package is matched
- against the given patterns. The first match found is used to assign a
- title to the package; packages are then grouped by their title. Strings of
- the form \N that occur in title will be replaced by the Nth result of the
- match. If title is not present, it is assumed to be \1.
-
- For instance, pattern(~m => \1) will group packages according to their
- Maintainer field. The policy pattern(~m) will do the same thing, as the
- absent title defaults to \1.
-
- See the section the section called ``Search Patterns'' for more
- information on the format of pattern.
-
-
- priority
-
- Groups packages according to their priority.
-
-
- section[(mode[,passthrough])]
-
- Groups packages according to their Section field.
-
- mode can be one of the following:
-
-
-
- none
- Group based on the whole Section field, so categories like ``non-
- free/games'' will be created.
-
-
- topdir
- Group based on the part of the Section field before the ``/''; if
- there is no /, main will be used instead.
-
-
- subdir
- Group based on the part of the Section field after the ``/''; if
- there is no /, the entire field will be used.
-
-
- If passthrough is present, packages which for some reason lack a true
- Section (for instance, virtual packages) will be passed directly to the
- next level of grouping without first being placed in sub-categories.
-
-
- status
-
- Groups packages into the following categories:
-
-
- * Installed
-
- * Not Installed
-
- * Security Updates
-
- * Upgradable
-
- * Obsolete
-
- * Virtual
-
-
-
- tag[(facet)]
-
- Groups packages according to the Tag information stored in the Debian
- package files. If facet is provided, then only tags corresponding to that
- facet will be displayed, and packages lacking this facet will be hidden;
- otherwise, all packages will be displayed at least once (with tagless
- packages listed separately from packages that have tags).
-
- For more information on debtags, see http://debtags.alioth.debian.org.
-
-
- task
-
- Creates a tree called ``Tasks'' which contains the available tasks
- (information on tasks is read from debian-tasks.desc in the package
- tasksel). The rule following task will create its categories as siblings
- of Tasks.
-
-
- versions
-
- This is a terminal rule.
-
- Creates standard package items which can be expanded to reveal the
- versions of the package.
-
-
-
- Customizing how packages are sorted
-
- By default, packages in the package list are sorted by name. However, it is
- often useful to sort them according to different criteria (for instance, package
- size), and aptitude allows you to do just that by modifying the sorting policy.
-
- Like the grouping policy described in the previous section, the sorting policy
- is a comma-separated list. Each item in the list is the name of a sorting rule;
- if packages are ``equal'' according to the first rule, the second rule is used
- to sort them, and so on. Placing a tilde character (~) in front of a rule
- reverses the usual meaning of that rule. For instance, priority,~name will sort
- packages by priority, but packages with the same priority will be placed in
- reverse order according to name.
-
- To change the sorting policy for an active package list, press S.
-
- The available rules are:
-
-
-
- installsize
- Sorts packages by the estimated amount of size they require when
- installed.
-
-
- name
- Sorts packages by name.
-
-
- priority
- Sorts packages by priority.
-
-
- version
- Sorts packages according to their version number.
-
-
-
- Customizing keybindings
-
- The keys used to activate commands in aptitude can be customized in the
- configuration file. Every command has an associated configuration variable under
- Aptitude::UI::Keybindings; to change the keystroke bound to a command, just set
- the corresponding variable to the keystroke. For instance, to make the key s
- perform a search, set Aptitude::UI::Keybindings::Search to ``s''. You can
- require the Control key to be pressed by placing ``C-'' in front of the key: for
- instance, using ``C-s'' instead of ``s'' would bind Search to Control+s instead
- of s. Finally, you can bind a command to several keys at once using a comma-
- separated list: for instance, using ``s,C-s'' would cause both s and Control+s
- to perform a search.
-
- The following commands can be bound to keys by setting the variable Aptitude::
- UI::Keybindings::command, where command is the name of the command to be bound:
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Command |Default |Description |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |If packages are broken and aptitude has|
- |ApplySolution |! |suggested a solution to the problem, |
- | | |immediately apply the solution. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Move to the beginning of the current |
- |Begin |home,C-a |display: to the top of a list, or to |
- | | |the left of a text entry field. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |BugReport |B |Reports a bug in the currently selected|
- | | |package, using reportbug. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Cancels the current interaction: for |
- |Cancel |C-g,escape,C-[ |instance, discards a dialog box or |
- | | |deactivates the menu. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Displays the changelog.Debian of the |
- |Changelog |C |currently selected package or package |
- | | |version. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ChangePkgTreeGrouping |G |Changes the grouping policy of the |
- | | |currently active package list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ChangePkgTreeLimit |l |Changes the limit of the currently |
- | | |active package list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ChangePkgTreeSorting |S |Changes the sorting policy of the |
- | | |currently active package list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ClearAuto |m |Marks the currently selected package as|
- | | |having been manually installed. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |CollapseAll |] |Collapses the selected tree and all its|
- | | |children in a hierarchical list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |CollapseTree |No binding |Collapses the selected tree in a |
- | | |hierarchical list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |In the hierarchy editor, stores the |
- |Commit |N |hierarchy location of the current |
- | | |package and proceeds to the next |
- | | |package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |In dialog boxes, this is equivalent to |
- |Confirm |enter |pressing ``Ok''; when interacting with |
- | | |a status-line multiple choice question,|
- | | |it chooses the default option. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Cycle |tab |Switches the keyboard focus to the next|
- | | |``widget''. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |CycleNext |f6 |Switches to the next active view. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |CycleOrder |o |Cycles through predefined arrangements |
- | | |of the display. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |CyclePrev |f7 |Switches to the previous active view. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DelBOL |C-u |Deletes all text between the cursor and|
- | | |the beginning of the line. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DelBack |backspace,C-h |Deletes the previous character when |
- | | |entering text. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DelEOL |C-k |Deletes all text from the cursor to the|
- | | |end of the line. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DelForward |delete,C-d |Deletes the character under the cursor |
- | | |when entering text. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Dependencies |d |Displays the dependencies of the |
- | | |currently selected package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |When browsing the package list, cycles |
- |DescriptionCycle |i |through the available views in the |
- | | |information area. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DescriptionDown |z |When browsing the package list, scrolls|
- | | |the information area down one line. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DescriptionUp |a |When browsing the package list, scrolls|
- | | |the information area up one line. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |If not in a preview screen, display the|
- |DoInstallRun |g |preview screen [a]; if in a preview |
- | | |screen, perform an install run. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Moves down: for instance, scrolls a |
- |Down |down,j |text display down or selects the next |
- | | |item in a list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |DpkgReconfigure |R |Runs ``dpkg-reconfigure'' on the |
- | | |currently selected package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |If packages are broken, writes the |
- |DumpResolver |* |current state of the problem-resolver |
- | | |to a file (for debugging purposes). |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |EditHier |E |Opens the hierarchy editor. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Move to the end of the current display:|
- |End |end,C-e |to the bottom of a list, or to the |
- | | |right of a text entry field. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |If some packages are broken and |
- |ExamineSolution |e |aptitude has suggested a solution, |
- | | |display a dialog box with a detailed |
- | | |description of the proposed solution. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ExpandAll |[ |Expands the selected tree and all its |
- | | |children in a hierarchical list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ExpandTree |No binding |Expands the selected tree in a |
- | | |hierarchical list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |FirstSolution |< |Select the first solution produced by |
- | | |the problem resolver. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Forbids a package from being upgraded |
- |ForbidUpgrade |F |to the currently available version (or |
- | | |a particular version). |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Discards all information about which |
- |ForgetNewPackages |f |packages are ``new'' (causes the list |
- | | |of ``new'' packages to become empty). |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Help |? |Displays the on-line help screen. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |HistoryNext |down,C-n |In a line editor with history, moves |
- | | |forwards in the history. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |HistoryPrev |up,C-p |In a line editor with history, moves |
- | | |backwards in the history. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Hold |= |Places a package on hold. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Install |+ |Flags a package for installation. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Marks a single package for |
- |InstallSingle |I |installation; all other packages are |
- | | |kept at their current version. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Keep |: |Cancels all installation or removal |
- | | |requests and all holds for a package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |LastSolution |< |Select the last solution produced by |
- | | |the problem resolver. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Moves left: for instance, moves one |
- |Left |left,h |menu to the left in the menu bar, or |
- | | |moves the cursor to the left when |
- | | |editing text. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |In a hierarchical list, selects the |
- |LevelDown |J |next sibling of the currently selected |
- | | |item (the next item at the same level |
- | | |with the same parent). |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |In a hierarchical list, selects the |
- |LevelUp |K |previous sibling of the currently |
- | | |selected item (the previous item at the|
- | | |same level with the same parent). |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Attempts to upgrade all packages which |
- |MarkUpgradable |U |are not held back or forbidden from |
- | | |upgrading. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |MineFlagSquare |f |In Minesweeper, places or removes a |
- | | |flag on a square. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |MineLoadGame |L |Loads a Minesweeper game. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |MineSaveGame |S |Saves a Minesweeper game. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |MineSweepSquare |No binding |Sweeps around the current square in |
- | | |Minesweeper. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |MineUncoverSquare |No binding |Uncovers the current square in |
- | | |Minesweeper |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Uncovers the current square in |
- |MineUncoverSweepSquare|enter |Minesweeper if it is covered; |
- | | |otherwise, sweeps around it. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |NextPage |pagedown,C-f |Moves the current display one page |
- | | |forward. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |NextSolution |. |Advance the dependency resolver to the |
- | | |next solution. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |No |n[b] |This key will select the ``no'' button |
- | | |in yes/no dialog boxes. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Parent |^ |Selects the parent of the selected item|
- | | |in a hierarchical list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |PrevPage |pagedown,C-f |Moves the current display one page |
- | | |backward. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |PrevSolution |, |Return the dependency resolver to the |
- | | |previous solution. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Purge |_ |Flags the currently selected package to|
- | | |be purged. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |PushButton |space,enter |Activates the currently selected |
- | | |button, or toggles a checkbox. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Quit |q |Close the current view. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |QuitProgram |Q |Quit the entire program. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Refresh |C-l |Redraws the screen from scratch. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Remove |- |Flags a package for removal. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ReInstall |L |Flags the currently selected package to|
- | | |be reinstalled. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ReSearch |n |Repeats the last search. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ReverseDependencies |r |Displays packages which depend upon the|
- | | |currently selected package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Moves right: for instance, moves one |
- |Right |right,l |menu to the right in the menu bar, or |
- | | |moves the cursor to the right when |
- | | |editing text. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |SaveHier |S |In the hierarchy editor, saves the |
- | | |current hierarchy. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Search |/ |Activate the ``search'' function of the|
- | | |currently active interface element. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Activate the ``search backwards'' |
- |SearchBack |\ |function of the currently active |
- | | |interface element. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |SearchBroken |b |In a package tree, search for the next |
- | | |broken package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |SetAuto |M |Marks the current package as having |
- | | |been automatically installed. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ShowHideDescription |D |In a package list, toggles whether the |
- | | |information area is visible. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |When viewing a solution, marks the |
- |SolutionActionApprove |a |currently selected action as "approved"|
- | | |(it will be included in future |
- | | |solutions whenever possible). |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |When viewing a solution, marks the |
- |SolutionActionReject |r |currently selected action as "rejected"|
- | | |(future solutions will not contain it).|
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ToggleExpanded |enter |Expands or collapses the currently |
- | | |selected tree in a hierarchical list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |ToggleMenuActive |C-m,f10,C-space|Activates or deactivates the main menu.|
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Cancels the last action, up to when the|
- |Undo |C-_,C-u |program was started OR the last time |
- | | |you update the package lists or |
- | | |installed packages. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Moves up: for instance, scrolls a text |
- |Up |up,k |display up or selects the previous item|
- | | |in a list. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- | | |Updates the list of packages by |
- |UpdatePackageList |u |fetching new lists from the Internet if|
- | | |necessary. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Versions |v |Displays the available versions of the |
- | | |currently selected package. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |Yes |y [b] |This key will select the ``Yes'' button|
- | | |in yes/no dialog boxes. |
- |______________________|_______________|_______________________________________|
- |[a] unless Aptitude::Display-Planned-Action is false. |
- | |
- |[b] This default may be different in different locales. |
- |______________________________________________________________________________|
-
- In addition to letter keys, number keys, and punctuation, the following
- ``special'' keys can be bound:
-
- _____________________________________________________________________________
- |Key name |Description |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |a1 |The A1 key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |a3 |The A3 key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |b2 |The B2 key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |backspace |The Backspace key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |backtab |The back-tab key |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |begin |The Begin key (not Home) |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |break |The ``break'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |c1 |The C1 key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |c3 |The C3 key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |cancel |The Cancel key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |create |The Create key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |comma |Comma (,) -- note that because commas are used to list keys,|
- | |this is the only way to bind to a comma. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |command |The Command key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |copy |The Copy key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |delete |The Delete key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |delete_line |The ``delete line'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |down |The ``down'' arrow key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |end |The End key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |entry |The Enter key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |exit |The Exit key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |f1, f2, ..., f10|The F1 through F10 keys. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |find |The Find key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |home |The Home key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |insert |The Insert key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |insert_exit |The ``insert exit'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |clear |The ``clear'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |clear_eol |The ``clear to end of line'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |clear_eos |The ``clear to end of screen'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |insert_line |The ``insert line'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |left |The ``left'' arrow key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |mark |The Mark key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |message |The Message key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |move |The Move key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |next |The Next key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |open |The Open key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |previous |The Previous key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |print |The Print key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |redo |The Redo key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |reference |The Reference key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |refresh |The Refresh key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |replace |The Replace key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |restart |The Restart key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |resume |The Resume key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |return |The Return key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |right |The ``right'' arrow key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |save |The Save key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |scrollf |The ``scroll forward'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |scrollr |The ``scroll backwards'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |select |The Select key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |suspend |The Suspend key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |pagedown |The ``Page Down'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |pageup |The ``Page Up'' key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |space |The Space key |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |tab |The Tab key |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |undo |The Undo key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
- |up |The ``up'' arrow key. |
- |________________|____________________________________________________________|
-
- In addition to binding keys globally, it is possible to change key bindings for
- one particular part (or domain) of the program: for instance, to make Tab the
- equivalent of the right arrow key in menu bars, set Aptitude::UI::Keybindings::
- Menubar::Right to ``tab,right''. The following domains are available:
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Domain |Description |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |EditLine |Used by line-editing widgets, such as the entry field in a |
- | |``search'' dialog. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |Menu |Used by drop-down menus. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |Menubar |Used by the menu bar at the top of the screen. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |Minesweeper |Used by the Minesweeper mode. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |MinibufChoice|Used by the multiple-choice prompts that appear if you have |
- | |chosen to have some prompts appear in the status line. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |Pager |Used when displaying a file on disk (for instance, the help |
- | |text). |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |PkgNode |Used by packages, trees of packages, package versions, and |
- | |package dependencies when they appear in package lists. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |PkgTree |Used by package lists. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |Table |Used by tables of widgets (for instance, dialog boxes). |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |TextLayout |Used by formatted text displays, such as package descriptions. |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
- |Tree |Used by all tree displays (including package lists, for which it|
- | |can be overridden by PkgTree). |
- |_____________|________________________________________________________________|
-
-
- Customizing text colors and styles
-
- The colors and visual styles used by aptitude to display text can be extensively
- customized. Each visual element has an associated ``style'', which describes the
- particular colors and visual attributes that will be used to display that
- element. Styles take the form of a list of color and attribute settings. This
- list is not necessarily exhaustive; if some colors or attributes are not
- explicitly specified, their values will be taken from the surrounding visual
- context. In fact, most visual elements have an ``empty'' style by default.
-
- You can change the contents of a style by creating a configuration group of the
- same name in the apt or aptitude configuration file. For instance, the
- ``MenuBorder'' style is used to draw the visual border around drop-down menus.
- By default, this border is drawn bold and white-on-blue. Placing the following
- text in the configuration file would change it to white-on-cyan:
-
- Aptitude::UI::Styles {
- MenuBorder {fg white; bg cyan; set bold;};
- };
-
- As you can see, a style's configuration group consists of a sequence of
- instructions. The general classes of instructions are:
-
-
-
- fg color
- Sets the text foreground to the given color. See below for a list of the
- colors known to aptitude.
-
-
- bg color
- Sets the text background to the given color. See below for a list of the
- colors known to aptitude.
-
-
- set attribute
- Enables the given text attribute. See below for a list of the text
- attributes known to aptitude.
-
-
- clear attribute
- Disables the given text attribute. See below for a list of the text
- attributes known to aptitude.
-
-
- flip attribute
- Toggles the given text attribute: if it is enabled in the surrounding
- element, it will be disabled, and vice versa. See below for a list of the
- text attributes known to aptitude.
-
-
- The colors that aptitude recognizes are black, blue, cyan, green, magenta, red,
- white, and yellow [15]. In addition, you may specify default in place of a
- background color to use the default terminal background (this could be the
- default color, an image file, or even ``transparent''). The styles that aptitude
- recognizes are:
-
-
-
- blink
- Enables blinking text.
-
-
- bold
- Makes the foreground color of the text (or the background if reverse video
- is enabled) brighter.
-
-
- dim
- May cause text to be extra-dim on some terminals. No effect has been
- observed on common Linux terminals.
-
-
- reverse
- Swaps the foreground and background colors. Many visual elements flip this
- attribute to perform common highlighting tasks.
-
-
- standout
- This enables ``the best highlighting mode of the terminal''. In xterms it
- is similar, but not idential to, reverse video; behavior on other
- terminals may vary.
-
-
- underline
- Enables underlined text.
-
-
- You can select several attributes at once by separating them with commas; for
- instance, set bold,standout;.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- As hinted at above, the interpretation of both styles and text
- attributes is highly terminal-dependent. You may need to experiment a
- bit to find out exactly what some settings do on your terminal.
-
-
- The following styles can be customized in aptitude:
-
- Figure 2.11. Customizable styles in aptitude
-
- ______________________________________________________________________________
- |Style |Default |Description |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |Bullet |fg yellow; set bold; |The style of the bullets |
- | | |in bulleted lists. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of newer |
- | | |versions of the package |
- | | |in the changelog view. |
- | | |Note that aptitude will |
- |ChangelogNewerVersion |set bold; |only highlight newer |
- | | |versions of the package |
- | | |if you have the package |
- | | |libparse-debianchangelog-|
- | | |perl installed. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |Default |fg white; bg black; |The basic style of the |
- | | |screen. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |DepBroken |fg black; bg red; |The style of unfulfilled |
- | | |dependencies. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg black; bg blue; set |The style of menu entries|
- |DisabledMenuEntry |dim; |that are disabled and |
- | | |cannot be used. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style used to |
- | | |indicate that a file was |
- |DownloadHit |fg black; bg green; |``hit'': i.e., it has not|
- | | |changed since the last |
- | | |time it was downloaded. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |DownloadProgress |fg blue; bg yellow; |The style of the progress|
- | | |indicator for a download.|
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of line editors|
- |EditLine |fg white; bg black; clear|(for instance, the entry |
- | |reverse; |in the ``Search'' |
- | | |dialog). |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |Error |fg white; bg red; set |The style of error |
- | |bold; |messages. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |Header |fg white; bg blue; set |The style of screen |
- | |bold; |headers. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg white; bg blue; set |The style of the |
- |HighlightedMenuBar |bold,reverse; |currently selected menu |
- | | |name in the menu bar. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg white; bg blue; set |The style of the |
- |HighlightedMenuEntry |bold,reverse; |currently selected choice|
- | | |in a menu. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg yellow; bg red; set |The style of the dialog |
- |MediaChange |bold; |used to ask the user to |
- | | |insert a new CD. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |MenuBar |fg white; bg blue; set |The style of the menu |
- | |bold; |bar. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg white; bg blue; set |The style of the borders |
- |MenuBorder |bold; |that surround a drop-down|
- | | |menu. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |MenuEntry |fg white; bg blue; |The style of each entry |
- | | |in a drop-down menu. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |MineBomb |fg red; set bold; |The style of bombs in |
- | | |Minesweeper. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of the border |
- |MineBorder |set bold; |drawn around a |
- | | |Minesweeper board. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |MineFlag |fg red; set bold; |The style of flags in |
- | | |Minesweeper. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of the number N|
- |MineNumberN |Various |in Minesweeper; N may |
- | | |range from 0 to 8. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The color used to display|
- |MultiplexTab |fg white; bg blue; |``tabs'' other than the |
- | | |currently selected one. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The color used to display|
- |MultiplexTabHighlighted |fg blue; bg white; |the currently selected |
- | | |``tab''. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages in |
- |PkgBroken |fg red; flip reverse; |the package list which |
- | | |have unfulfilled |
- | | |dependencies. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- |PkgBrokenHighlighted |fg red; |packages in the package |
- | | |list which have |
- | | |unfulfilled dependencies.|
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages |
- |PkgNotInstalled | |which are not currently |
- | | |installed and will not be|
- | | |installed. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- |PkgNotInstalledHighlighted| |packages which are not |
- | | |currently installed and |
- | | |will not be installed. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages |
- |PkgIsInstalled |set bold; |which are currently |
- | | |installed and for which |
- | | |no actions are scheduled.|
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- | | |packages which are |
- |PkgIsInstalledHighlighted |set bold; flip reverse; |currently installed and |
- | | |for which no actions are |
- | | |scheduled. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages in |
- |PkgToHold |fg white; flip reverse; |the package list which |
- | | |are on hold. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- |PkgToHoldHighlighted |fg white; |packages in the package |
- | | |list which are on hold. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages in |
- |PkgToInstall |fg green; flip reverse; |the package list which |
- | | |are being installed (not |
- | | |upgraded) or reinstalled.|
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- | | |packages in the package |
- |PkgToInstallHighlighted |fg green; |list which are being |
- | | |installed (not upgraded) |
- | | |or reinstalled. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages in |
- |PkgToRemove |fg magenta; flip reverse;|the package list which |
- | | |will be removed or |
- | | |purged. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- |PkgToRemoveHighlighted |fg magenta; |packages in the package |
- | | |list which will be |
- | | |removed or purged. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of packages in |
- |PkgToUpgrade |fg cyan; flip reverse; |the package list which |
- | | |will be upgraded. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of highlighted |
- |PkgToUpgradeHighlighted |fg cyan; |packages in the package |
- | | |list which will be |
- | | |upgraded. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | | |The style of progress |
- | | |indicators such as the |
- |Progress |fg blue; bg yellow; |one that appears while |
- | | |the package cache is |
- | | |being loaded. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |SolutionActionApproved |bg green; |The style of approved |
- | | |actions in a solution. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |SolutionActionRejected |bg red; |The style of rejected |
- | | |actions in a solution. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg white; bg blue; set |The style of status lines|
- |Status |bold; |at the bottom of the |
- | | |screen. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- |TreeBackground | |The basic color of all |
- | | |visual lists and trees. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
- | |fg red; bg black; set |The color used to display|
- |TrustWarning |bold; |warnings about package |
- | | |trust. |
- |__________________________|_________________________|_________________________|
-
-
-
-
- Customizing the display layout
-
- It is possible to rearrange the aptitude package list by making suitable
- modifications to the configuration file.
-
-
- Display Elements
-
- The layout is stored in the configuration group Aptitude::UI::Default-Package-
- View, and consists of a list of display elements:
-
- Name Type {
- Row row;
- Column column;
- Width width;
- Height height;
-
- additional options...
- };
-
- This creates a display element named Name; the type of element created is
- determined by Type. The Row, Column, Width, and Height options must be present;
- they determine where the display element is placed. (see below for a detailed
- explanation of how display elements are arranged)
-
- For examples of how to change the display layout, see the theme definitions in
- the file /usr/share/aptitude/aptitude-defaults.
-
- The following types of display elements are available:
-
-
-
- Description
- This display element will contain the ``information area'' (typically a
- description of the currently selected package).
-
- The option PopUpDownKey gives the name of a keyboard command which will
- cause the display element to be shown or hidden. For instance, setting
- this to ShowHideDescription will give the current display element the same
- behavior as the default information area. The option PopUpDownLinked gives
- the name of another display element; the current element will be shown or
- hidden whenever the other element is.
-
-
- MainWidget
- This is a placeholder for the ``main'' display element: typically this is
- the list of packages. A display layout must contain exactly one MainWidget
- element: no more, no less.
-
-
- Static
- A region of the screen which displays some text, possibly containing
- formatting codes as described in the section called ``Customizing how
- packages are displayed''. The text to display can be given in the Columns
- option, or it can be stored in another configuration variable specified by
- the ColumnsCfg option. The color of the text is determined by the color
- named by the Color option.
-
- Static items can be displayed and hidden in the same way as Description
- items, using the PopUpDownKey and PopUpDownLinked options.
-
-
-
- Placement of display elements
-
- The display elements are arranged in a ``table''. The upper-left corner of an
- element is in the cell given by its Row and Column options (typically starting
- from row 0 and column 0, but this is not required). The width of an element in
- cells is given by its Width option, and its height is given by its Height
- option.
-
- Once the display elements are arranged and have been given an initial amount of
- space on the screen, there is likely to be space left over. If there is extra
- vertical space, each row containing a display element whose RowExpand option is
- true will be allocated a share of the extra space; similarly, if there is extra
- horizontal space, each column containing a display element whose ColExpand
- option is true will be allocated a share of the extra space.
-
- In the event that there is not enough space, every row and column whose widgets
- all have their RowShrink or ColShrink options set to true will be shrunk. If
- this is not enough, all rows and columns are shrunk to fit into the available
- space.
-
- If a display element is not expanded, but its row or column is, its alignment is
- determined by the RowAlign and ColAlign options. Setting them to Left, Right,
- Top, Bottom, or Center will tell aptitude where to place the element within the
- row or column.
-
- For instance, the following configuration group creates a static element named
- ``Header'', which is three cells wide and will expand horizontally but not
- vertically. It has the same color as other header lines and uses the standard
- display format for header lines:
-
- Header Static {
- Row 0;
- Column 0;
- Width 3;
- Height 1;
-
- ColExpand true;
- ColAlign Center;
-
- RowAlign Center;
-
- Color ScreenHeaderColor;
- ColumnsCfg HEADER;
- };
-
-
- Display layout option reference
-
- The following options are available for display elements:
-
-
-
- ColAlign alignment;
- alignment must be either Left, Right, or Center. If the row containing the
- current display element is wider than the element itself and ColExpand is
- false, the element will be placed within the row according to the value of
- alignment.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to Left.
-
-
- ColExpand true|false;
- If this option is set to true, the column containing this display element
- will be allocated a share of any extra horizontal space that is available.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to false.
-
-
- Color colorname;
- This option applies to Static elements. colorname is the name of a color
- (for instance, ScreenStatusColor) which should be used as the ``default''
- color for this display element.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to DefaultWidgetBackground.
-
-
- ColShrink true|false;
- If this option is set to true on each element in a column and there is not
- enough horizontal space, the column will be shrunk as necessary to fit the
- available space. Note that a column may be shrunk even if ColShrink is
- false; it simply indicates that aptitude should try shrinking a particular
- column before shrinking other columns.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to false.
-
-
- Column column;
- Specifies the leftmost column containing this display element.
-
-
- Columns format;
- This option applies to Static display elements for which the ColumnsCfg
- option is not set. It sets the displayed contents of the status item; it
- is a format string as described in the section called ``Customizing how
- packages are displayed''.
-
-
- ColumnsCfg HEADER|STATUS|name;
- This option applies to Static display elements. It sets the display format
- of the current element to the value of another configuration variable: if
- it is HEADER or STATUS, the options Aptitude::UI::Package-Header-Format
- and Aptitude::UI::Package-Status-Format, repectively, are used; otherwise,
- the option name is used.
-
- If this option is not present, the value of the Columns option is used to
- control the contents of the static item.
-
-
- Height height;
- Specifies the height of the current display element.
-
-
- PopUpDownKey command;
- This option applies to Description and Static display elements.
-
- command is the name of a keyboard command (for instance,
- ShowHideDescription). When this key is pressed, the display element will
- be hidden if it is visible, and displayed if it is hidden.
-
-
- PopUpDownLinked element;
- This option applies to Description and Static display elements.
-
- element is the name of a display element. When element is displayed, the
- current element will also be displayed; when element is hidden, the
- current element will also be hidden.
-
-
- Row row;
- Specifies the uppermost row containing this display element.
-
-
- RowAlign alignment;
- alignment must be either Top, Bottom, or Center. If the row containing the
- current display element is taller than the element itself and RowExpand is
- false, the element will be placed within the row according to the value of
- alignment.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to Top.
-
-
- RowExpand true|false;
- If this option is set to true, the row containing this display element
- will be allocated a share of any extra vertical space that is available.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to false.
-
-
- RowShrink true|false;
- If this option is set to true on each element in a row and there is not
- enough vertical space, the row will be shrunk as necessary to fit the
- available space. Note that a row may be shrunk even if RowShrink is false;
- it simply indicates that aptitude should try shrinking a particular row
- before shrinking other rows.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to false.
-
-
- Visible true|false;
- If set to false, this display element will initially be hidden. Presumably
- only useful in conjunction with PopUpDownKey and/or PopUpDownLinked.
-
- If this option is not present, it defaults to true.
-
-
- Width width;
- Specifies the width of the current display element.
-
-
-
- Configuration file reference
-
-
- Configuration file format
-
- In its basic form, aptitude's configuration file is a list of options and their
- values. Each line of the file should have the form ``Option Value;'': for
- instance, the following line in the configuration file sets the option
- Aptitude::Theme to ``Dselect''.
-
- Aptitude::Theme "Dselect";
-
- An option can ``contain'' other options if they are written in curly braces
- between the option and the semicolon following it, like this:
-
- Aptitude::UI {
- Package-Status-Format "";
- Package-Display-Format "";
- };
-
- An option that contains other options is sometimes called a group. In fact, the
- double colons that appear in option names are actually a shorthand way of
- indicating containment: the option Aptitude::UI::Default-Grouping is contained
- in the group Aptitude::UI, which itself is contained in the group Aptitude.
- Thus, if you wanted to, you could set this option to "" as follows:
-
- Aptitude {
- UI {
- Default-Grouping "";
- };
- };
-
- For more information on the format of the configuration file, see the manual
- page apt.conf(5).
-
-
- Locations of configuration files
-
- aptitude's configuration is read from the following sources, in order:
-
-
- 1. The user's configuration file, ~/.aptitude/config. This file is overwritten
- when the user modifies settings in the Options menu.
-
- 2. The system configuration file, /etc/apt/apt.conf.
-
- 3. Default values stored in /usr/share/aptitude/aptitude-defaults.
-
- 4. Default values built into the program.
-
-
- When an option is being checked, these sources are searched in order, and the
- first one that provides a value for the option is used. For instance, setting an
- option in /etc/apt/apt.conf will override aptitude's defaults for that option,
- but will not override user settings in ~/.aptitude/config.
-
-
- Available configuration options
-
- The following configuration options are used by aptitude. Note that these are
- not the only available configuration options; options used by the underlying apt
- system are not listed here. See the manual pages apt(8) and apt.conf(5) for
- information on apt options.
-
- Option:Dir::Aptitude::state
-
- Default:/var/lib/aptitude
-
- Description: The directory in which aptitude's persistent state information is
- stored.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Allow-Null-Upgrade
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: Normally, if you try to start an install run when no actions will
- be performed, aptitude will print a warning and return to the package list. If
- this option is true, aptitude will continue to the preview screen whenever there
- are upgradable packages, rather than displaying a reminder about the Actions
- → Mark Upgradable (U) command.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Autoclean-After-Update
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will clean up obsolete files (see
- Actions → Clean obsolete files) every time you update the package list.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Auto-Install
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will automatically attempt to
- fulfill the dependencies of a package when you select it for installation.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Auto-Fix-Broken
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is false, aptitude will ask for permission before
- attempting to fix any broken packages.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Auto-Upgrade
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will automatically flag all
- upgradable packages for upgrade when the program starts, as if you had issued
- the command Actions → Mark Upgradable (U).
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this is set, aptitude will always prompt
- before starting to install or remove packages, even if the prompt would normally
- be skipped. This is equivalent to the -P command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will act as
- if the user had answered ``yes'' to every prompt, causing most prompts to be
- skipped. This is equivalent to the -y command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Ignore-Trust-Violations
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, causes the program to ignore the installation
- of untrusted packages.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Resolver-Debug
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will print
- extremely verbose information while attempting to resolve broken dependencies.
- As the name suggests, this option is primarily meant to aid in debugging the
- problem resolver.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Resolver-Dump
-
- Default:
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if it is necessary to resolve broken
- dependencies and this option is set to the name of a writable file, the resolver
- state will be dumped to this file before any calculations are undertaken.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Request-Strictness
-
- Default:10000
-
- Description: When run in command-line mode, if dependency problems are
- encountered, aptitude will add this value to the problem resolver score of each
- action that you explicitly request.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will
- download package files but not install them. This is equivalent to the -
- d command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will be more
- aggressive when attempting to fix the dependencies of broken packages. This is
- equivalent to the -f command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Format
-
- Default:%c%a%M %p# - %d#
-
- Description: This is a format string, as described in the section called
- ``Customizing how packages are displayed'', which is used to display the results
- of a command-line search. This is equivalent to the -F command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width
-
- Default:
-
- Description: This option gives the width in characters for which command-line
- search results should be formatted. If it is empty (the default; ie, ""), search
- results will be formatted for the current terminal size, or for an 80-column
- display if the terminal size cannot be determined.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will display
- a brief summary of the dependencies (if any) relating to a package's state. This
- is equivalent to the -D command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will display
- the version of a package that is being installed or removed. This is equivalent
- to the -V command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, if this option is true, aptitude will display
- the expected change in the amount of space used by each package. This is
- equivalent to the -Z command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Simulate
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: This option is deprecated; use Aptitude::Simulate instead. In
- command-line mode, causes aptitude to just display the actions that would be
- performed (rather than actually performing them); in the visual interface,
- causes the program to start in read-only mode regardless of whether you are root
- or not. This is equivalent to the -s command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Visual-Preview
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will enter its visual mode to
- display the preview of an installation run and to download packages.
-
- Option:Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose
-
- Default:0
-
- Description: This controls how verbose the command-line mode of aptitude is.
- Every occurance of the -v command-line option adds 1 to this value.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Delete-Unused
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, automatically installed packages which are
- no longer required will be automatically removed. For more information, see the
- section called ``Managing automatically installed packages''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Delete-Unused-Pattern
-
- Default:
-
- Description: Deprecated alias for Aptitude::Keep-Unused-Pattern. If Aptitude::
- Keep-Unused-Pattern is unset or set to an empty string, the value of this
- configuration option will override it. Otherwise, Aptitude::Delete-Unused-
- Pattern is ignored.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Display-Planned-Action
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will display a preview screen
- before actually carrying out the actions you have requested.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Forget-New-On-Update
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will clear the list of new
- packages whenever the package list is updated, as if you had issued the command
- Actions → Forget new packages (f).
-
- Option:Aptitude::Forget-New-On-Install
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will clear the list of new
- packages whenever you install, upgrade, or remove packages, as if you had issued
- the command Actions → Forget new packages (f).
-
- Option:Aptitude::Ignore-Old-Tmp
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: Old versions of aptitude created a directory ~/.aptitude/.tmp which
- is no longer necessary. If the directory exists and Aptitude::Ignore-Old-Tmp is
- true, aptitude will ask you whether to remove this directory. This option is
- automatically set to true after you reply. On the other hand, if the directory
- does not exist, this option is set to false so that you will be notified if it
- reappears.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Keep-Recommends
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, then packages will be kept on the system as
- long as any installed package recommends them, even if Aptitude::Recommends-
- Important is false.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Keep-Suggests
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will keep automatically installed
- packages on the system as long as any installed package suggests them. For more
- information, see the section called ``Managing automatically installed
- packages''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Keep-Unused-Pattern
-
- Default:
-
- Description: If Aptitude::Delete-Unused is true, only unused packages which do
- not match this pattern (see the section called ``Search Patterns'') will be
- removed. If this option is set to an empty string (the default), all unused
- packages will be removed.
-
- Option:Aptitude::LockFile
-
- Default:/var/lock/aptitude
-
- Description: A file that will be fcntl-locked to ensure that at most one
- aptitude process can modify the cache at once. In normal circumstances, you
- should never need to modify this; it may be useful for debugging. Note: if
- aptitude complains that it cannot acquire a lock, this is not because the lock
- file needs to be deleted. fcntl locks are managed by the kernel and will be
- destroyed when the program terminates; failure to acquire the lock means that
- another running program is using it!
-
- Option:Aptitude::Log
-
- Default:/var/log/aptitude
-
- Description: If this is set to a nonempty string, aptitude will log the package
- installations, removals, and upgrades that it performs. If the value of
- Aptitude::Log begins with a pipe character (ie, ``|''), the remainder of its
- value is used as the name of a command into which the log will be piped: for
- instance, |mail -s 'Aptitude install run' root will cause the log to be emailed
- to root. To log to multiple files or commands, you may set this option to a list
- of log targets.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Parse-Description-Bullets
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is enabled, aptitude will attempt to automatically
- detect bulleted lists in package descriptions. This will generally improve how
- descriptions are displayed, but it is not entirely backwards-compatible; some
- descriptions might be formatted less attractively when this option is true than
- when it is false.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Pkg-Display-Limit
-
- Default:
-
- Description: The default filter applied to the package list; see the section
- called ``Search Patterns'' for details about its format.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Recommends-Important
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true and Aptitude::Auto-Install is true,
- installing a new package will also install any packages that it recommends.
- Furthermore, if this option is true, then packages will be kept on the system if
- an installed package recommends them.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::BreakHoldScore
-
- Default:-300
-
- Description: How much to reward or penalize solutions that change the state of a
- held package.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::BrokenScore
-
- Default:-100
-
- Description: How much to reward or penalize prospective solutions based on the
- number of dependencies they break. For each dependency broken by a possible
- solution, this many points are added to its score; typically this should be a
- negative value.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::Discard-Null-Solution
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will never suggest cancelling all
- of your proposed actions in order to resolve a dependency problem.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::EssentialRemoveScore
-
- Default:-100000
-
- Description: How much to reward or penalize solutions that remove an Essential
- package.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::ExtraScore
-
- Default:-1
-
- Description: Any version of a package whose Priority is ``extra'' will have this
- many points added to its score.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::ImportantScore
-
- Default:5
-
- Description: Any version of a package whose Priority is ``important'' will have
- this many points added to its score.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::Infinity
-
- Default:1000000
-
- Description: A ``maximum'' score for potential solutions. If a set of actions
- has a score worse than -Infinity, it will be discarded immediately.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::InstallScore
-
- Default:-20
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to installing a
- package, if the package is not already going to be installed.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::KeepScore
-
- Default:0
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to keeping a
- package in its current state, if that package is not already going to be kept in
- its current state.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::Max-Successors
-
- Default:0
-
- Description: When new possible solutions are being generated, this value
- controls how long the generation procedure lasts. Successors are generated in
- discrete bundles, and as soon as at least one and at most Max-Successors nodes
- have been generated, successor generation terminates. Turning this value up
- might cause the first few generated solutions to have higher scores; on the
- other hand, it might cause each resolver ``step'' to take a long time.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::NonDefaultScore
-
- Default:-40
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to installing a
- non-default version of the package (one that is not the current version and not
- the ``candidate version'').
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::OptionalScore
-
- Default:1
-
- Description: Any version of a package whose Priority is ``optional'' will have
- this many points added to its score.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::PreserveAutoScore
-
- Default:0
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to preserving
- automatic installations or removals.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::PreserveManualScore
-
- Default:60
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to preserving
- explicit user selections.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::ResolutionScore
-
- Default:50
-
- Description: In addition to all other scoring factors, proposed solutions that
- actually resolve all unsatisfied dependencies are awarded this many extra
- points.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::RemoveScore
-
- Default:-300
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to removing a
- package (if it is not already marked for removal).
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::RequiredScore
-
- Default:4
-
- Description: Any version of a package whose Priority is ``required'' will have
- this many points added to its score.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::StandardScore
-
- Default:3
-
- Description: Any version of a package whose Priority is ``standard'' will have
- this many points added to its score.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::StepLimit
-
- Default:5000
-
- Description: The maximum number of ``steps'' which should be performed by the
- problem resolver on each attempt to find a solution to a dependency problem.
- Decreasing this number will make the program ``give up'' sooner; increasing it
- will permit the search for a solution to consume much more time and memory
- before it is aborted. The default value is large enough to accomodate commonly
- encountered situations, while preventing the program from ``blowing up'' if an
- overly complicated problem is encountered. (note: this applies only to command-
- line searches; in the visual interface, the resolver will continue working until
- it reaches a solution)
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::StepScore
-
- Default:10
-
- Description: How much to reward or penalize prospective solutions based on their
- length. For each action performed by a solution, this many points are added to
- its score. Typically this should be a negative value.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::UnfixedSoftScore
-
- Default:-200
-
- Description: How much to reward or penalize leaving a Recommends relationship
- unresolved. This should typically be less than RemoveScore, or aptitude will
- tend to remove packages rather than leaving their Recommendations unfixed. See
- the section called ``Solving Dependency Problems'' for details.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::UpgradeScore
-
- Default:0
-
- Description: How much weight the problem resolver should give to upgrading (or
- downgrading) a package to its candidate version, if the package was not already
- going to be upgraded.
-
- Option:Aptitude::ProblemResolver::WaitSteps
-
- Default:50
-
- Description: The number of resolver steps to perform in the foreground before
- moving the resolution to the background thread. aptitude will be unresponsive
- while this computation takes place; decreasing this value will make the program
- more responsive, but may cause the progress indicator to appear unnecessarily.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Purge-Unused
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true and Aptitude::Delete-Unused is also true,
- then packages which are unused will be purged from the system, removing their
- configuration files and perhaps other important data. For more information about
- which packages are considered to be ``unused'', see the section called
- ``Managing automatically installed packages''. THIS OPTION CAN CAUSE DATA LOSS!
- DO NOT ENABLE IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING!
-
- Option:Aptitude::Simulate
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: In command-line mode, causes aptitude to just display the actions
- that would be performed (rather than actually performing them); in the visual
- interface, causes the program to start in read-only mode regardless of whether
- you are root or not. This is equivalent to the -s command-line option.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Suggests-Important
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: This is an obsolete option; use Aptitude::Keep-Suggests instead.
- Setting this option to true has the same effect as setting Aptitude::Keep-
- Suggests to true.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Theme
-
- Default:
-
- Description: The theme that aptitude should use; see the section called
- ``Themes'' for more information.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Spin-Interval
-
- Default:500
-
- Description: The number of milliseconds to delay in between updating the
- ``spinner'' that appears while the problem resolver is running.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Track-Dselect-State
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is set to true, aptitude will attempt to detect when
- a change to a package's state has been made using dselect or dpkg: for instance,
- if you remove a package using dpkg, aptitude will not try to reinstall it. Note
- that this may be somewhat buggy.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Advance-On-Action
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is set to true, changing a package's state (for
- instance, marking it for installation) will cause aptitude to advance the
- highlight to the next package in the current group.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Auto-Show-Reasons
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is set to true, selecting a package which is broken
- or which appears to be causing other packages to be broken will cause the
- information area to automatically display some reasons why the breakage might be
- occuring.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Default-Grouping
-
- Default:filter(missing),status,section(subdir,passthrough),section(topdir)
-
- Description: Sets the default grouping policy used for package lists. See the
- section called ``Customizing the package hierarchy'' for additional information
- on grouping policies.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Default-Preview-Grouping
-
- Default:action
-
- Description: Sets the default grouping policy used for preview screens. See the
- section called ``Customizing the package hierarchy'' for additional information
- on grouping policies.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Default-Sorting
-
- Default:name
-
- Description: The default sorting policy of package views. See the section called
- ``Customizing how packages are sorted'' for more information.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Description-Visible-By-Default
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: When a package list is first displayed, the information area (which
- typically contains the long description of the current package) will be visible
- if this option is true and hidden if it is false.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Default-Package-View
-
- Default:
-
- Description: This option is a group whose members define the default layout of
- aptitude's display. See the section called ``Customizing the display layout''
- for more information.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Download-Poll-Interval
-
- Default:50000
-
- Description: This option gives the interval in milliseconds at which the user
- interface will update its display and poll for new input while a download is
- being performed. Smaller values will make the program more responsive, but will
- consume a larger amount of CPU time.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Exit-On-Last-Close
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, closing all the active views will quit
- aptitude; otherwise, aptitude will not exit until you issue the command Actions
- → Quit (Q). See the section called ``Working with multiple views'' for
- more information.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Fill-Text
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will format descriptions so that
- each line is exactly the width of the screen.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::HelpBar
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, a line of information about important
- keystrokes will be displayed at the top of the screen.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Incremental-Search
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will perform ``incremental''
- searches: as you type the search pattern, it will search for the next package
- matching what you have typed so far.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Keybindings
-
- Default:
-
- Description: This is a group whose members define the connections between
- keystrokes and commands in aptitude. For more information, see the section
- called ``Customizing keybindings''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Menubar-Autohide
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is set to true, the menu bar will be hidden while it
- is not in use.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Minibuf-Download-Bar
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is set to true, aptitude will use a less obtrusive
- mechanism to display the progress of downloads: a bar at the bottom of the
- screen will appear which displays the current download status. While the
- download is active, pressing q will abort it.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Minibuf-Prompts
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is true, some prompts (such as yes/no and multiple-
- choice prompts) will be displayed at the bottom of the screen instead of in
- dialog boxes.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::New-Package-Commands
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is set to false, commands such as Package →
- Install (+) will have the same deprecated behavior that they did in antique
- versions of aptitude.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Package-Display-Format
-
- Default:%c%a%M %p %Z %v %V
-
- Description: This option controls the format string used to display packages in
- package lists. For more information on format strings, see the section called
- ``Customizing how packages are displayed''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Package-Header-Format
-
- Default:%N %n #%B %u %o
-
- Description: This option controls the format string used to display the header
- line of package lists (ie, the line that appears between the package list and
- the menu bar). For more information on format strings, see the section called
- ``Customizing how packages are displayed''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Package-Status-Format
-
- Default:%d
-
- Description: This option controls the format string used to display the status
- line of package lists (ie, the line that appears between the package list and
- the information area). For more information on format strings, see the section
- called ``Customizing how packages are displayed''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Pause-After-Download
-
- Default:OnlyIfError
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will display a message after it
- finishes downloading packages, asking you if you want to continue with the
- installation. If it is OnlyIfError, a message will only be displayed if a
- download failed. Otherwise, if the option is set to false, aptitude will
- immediately proceed to the next screen after completing a download.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Preview-Limit
-
- Default:
-
- Description: The default filter applied to the preview screen; see the section
- called ``Search Patterns'' for details about its format.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Prompt-On-Exit
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will display a confirmation prompt
- before shutting down.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::Styles
-
- Default:
-
- Description: This is a configuration group whose contents define what textual
- styles aptitude uses to display information. For more information, see the
- section called ``Customizing text colors and styles''.
-
- Option:Aptitude::UI::ViewTabs
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is set to false, aptitude will not display ``tabs''
- describing the currently active views at the top of the screen.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Suppress-Read-Only-Warning
-
- Default:false
-
- Description: If this option is false, aptitude will display a warning the first
- time that you attempt to modify package states while the program is in read-only
- mode.
-
- Option:Aptitude::Warn-Not-Root
-
- Default:true
-
- Description: If this option is true, aptitude will detect when you need root
- privileges to do something, and ask you whether you want to switch to the root
- account if you aren't root already. See the section called ``Becoming root'' for
- more information.
-
- Option:DebTags::Vocabulary
-
- Default:/usr/share/debtags/vocabulary
-
- Description: The location of the debtags vocabulary file; used to load in the
- package tag metadata.
-
- Option:Quiet
-
- Default:0
-
- Description: This controls the quietness of the command-line mode. Setting it to
- a higher value will disable more progress indicators.
-
-
- Themes
-
- A theme in aptitude is simply a collection of settings that ``go together''.
- Themes work by overriding the default values of options: if an option is not set
- in the system configuration file or in your personal configuration file,
- aptitude will use the setting from the current theme, if one is available,
- before using the standard default value.
-
- A theme is simply a named group under Aptitude::Themes; each configuration
- option contained in the group will override the corresponding option in the
- global configuration. For instance, if the Dselect theme is selected, the option
- Aptitude::Themes::Dselect::Aptitude::UI::Package-Display-Format will override
- the default value of the option Aptitude::UI::Package-Display-Format.
-
- To select a theme, set the configuration option Aptitude::Theme to the name of
- the theme; for instance,
-
- Aptitude::Theme Vertical-Split;
-
- The following themes are shipped with aptitude in /usr/share/aptitude/aptitude-
- defaults:
-
-
-
- Dselect
- This theme makes aptitude look and behave more like the legacy dselect
- package manager:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- --\ Installed Packages
- --\ Priority required
- --\ base - The Debian base system
- c base base-file 3.0.16 3.0.16 Debian base system
- miscellaneous fil
- c base base-pass 3.5.7 3.5.7 Debian base system master
- password a
- c base bash 2.05b-15 2.05b-15 The GNU Bourne Again SHell
- c base bsdutils 1:2.12-7 1:2.12-7 Basic utilities from 4.4BSD-
- Lite
- c base coreutils 5.0.91-2 5.0.91-2 The GNU core utilities
- c base debianuti 2.8.3 2.8.3 Miscellaneous utilities
- specific to
- c base diff 2.8.1-6 2.8.1-6 File comparison utilities
- base-files installed ; none
- required
- This package contains the basic filesystem hierarchy of a Debian system,
- and
- several important miscellaneous files, such as /etc/debian_version,
- /etc/host.conf, /etc/issue, /etc/motd, /etc/profile, /etc/nsswitch.conf,
- and
- others, and the text of several common licenses in use on Debian systems.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Vertical-Split
- This theme rearranges the display: instead of the current package's
- description appearing underneath the package list, it is displayed to the
- right of the package list. This theme is useful with very wide terminals,
- and perhaps also when editing the built-in hierarchy of packages.
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- aptitude 0.2.14.1
- --\ Installed Packages Modern computers support the
- Advanced #
- --\ admin - Administrative utilities Configuration and Power Interface
- --\ main - The main Debian archive (ACPI) to allow intelligent power
- i acpid 1.0.3-19 1.0.3-19 management on your system and to
- query
- i alien 8.44 8.44 battery and configuration status.
- i anacron 2.3-9 2.3-9
- i apt-show-vers 0.07 0.07 ACPID is a completely flexible,
- totally
- i A apt-utils 0.5.25 0.5.25 extensible daemon for delivering
- ACPI
- i apt-watch 0.3.2-2 0.3.2-2 events. It listens on a file
- i aptitude 0.2.14.1-2 0.2.14.1-2 (/proc/acpi/event) and when an
- event
- i at 3.1.8-11 3.1.8-11 occurs, executes programs to
- handle the
- i auto-apt 0.3.20 0.3.20 event. The programs it executes
- are
- i cron 3.0pl1-83 3.0pl1-83 configured through a set of
- i debconf 1.4.29 1.4.29 configuration files, which can be
- i debconf-i18n 1.4.29 1.4.29 dropped into place by packages or
- by
- i A debootstrap 0.2.39 0.2.39 the admin.
- i A deborphan 1.7.3 1.7.3
- i debtags 0.16 0.16 In order to use this package you
- need a
- i A defoma 0.11.8 0.11.8 recent Kernel (=>2.4.7). This can
- be
- i discover 2.0.4-5 2.0.4-5 one including the patches on
- Utilities for using ACPI power management
-
-
-
- Playing Minesweeper
-
- In case you get tired of installing and removing packages, aptitude includes a
- version of the classic game ``Minesweeper''. To start it, select Actions →
- Play Minesweeper; the initial Minesweeper board will appear:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Minesweeper 10/10 mines 13 seconds
-
-
-
-
-
- +--------+
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- +--------+
-
-
-
-
-
- Within the rectangle that appears on the screen are hidden ten mines. Your goal
- is to determine, through intuition, logic, and luck, where those mines are,
- without setting any of them off! To do this, you must uncover all the squares
- that do not contain mines; in doing so, you will learn important information
- regarding which squares do contain mines. Beware, however: uncovering a square
- that contains a mine will set it off, ending your game immediately!
-
- To uncover a square (and find out whether a mine is hidden there), select the
- square with the arrow keys and press Enter:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Minesweeper 10/10 mines 387 seconds
-
-
-
-
-
- +--------+
- | 2......|
- | 2111...|
- | 1...|
- | 1111...|
- |11...111|
- |...113 |
- |1122 |
- | |
- +--------+
-
-
-
-
-
- As you can see, some of the hidden (blank) parts of the board have been revealed
- in this screenshot. The squares containing a . are squares which are not next to
- any mines; the numbers in the remaining squares indicate how many mines they are
- next to.
-
- If you think you know where a mine is, you can place a ``flag'' on it. To do
- this, select the suspected square and press f. For instance, in the screenshot
- below, I decided that the square on the left-hand side of the board looked
- suspicious...
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Minesweeper 9/10 mines 961 seconds
-
-
-
-
-
- +--------+
- | 2......|
- | 2111...|
- | 1...|
- |F1111...|
- |11...111|
- |...113 |
- |1122 |
- | |
- +--------+
-
-
-
-
-
- As you can see, an F appeared in the selected square. It is no longer possible
- to uncover this square, even accidentally, until the flag is removed (by
- pressing f again). Once you have placed flags on all the mines that are next to
- a square (for instance, the squares labelled 1 next to the flag above), you can
- ``sweep'' around the square. This is just a convenient shortcut to uncover all
- the squares next to it (except those containing a flag, of course). For
- instance, sweeping around the 1 above:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Minesweeper 9/10 mines 2290
- seconds
-
-
-
-
-
- +--------+
- | 2......|
- | 2111...|
- |221 1...|
- |F1111...|
- |11...111|
- |...113 |
- |1122 |
- | |
- +--------+
-
-
-
-
-
- Luckily (or was it luck?), my guess about the location of that mine was correct.
- If I had been wrong, I would have lost immediately:
-
- Actions Undo Package Search Options Views Help
- f10: Menu ?: Help q: Quit u: Update g: Download/Install/Remove Pkgs
- Minesweeper Minesweeper Lost in 2388
- seconds
-
-
-
-
-
- +--------+
- |^2......|
- |^2111...|
- |221^1...|
- |^1111...|
- |11...111|
- |...113^ |
- |1122* ^ |
- | ^ ^ ^|
- +--------+
-
-
-
-
-
- When you lose, the locations of all the mines are revealed: unexploded mines are
- indicated by a caret symbol (^), and the one you ``stepped on'' is indicated by
- an asterisk (*).
-
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [7]I am pleased to say that the number of requests of this sort fell off
- precipitously following the initial publication of this Guide. It would be a
- happy occurance if there was a connection between the two events.
-
- [8]This is sometimes referred to as an ``install run'', even though you might be
- upgrading or removing packages in addition to installing them.
-
- [9]As noted above, it does not indicate that the packages in the archive are
- secure, or even non-malicious; it merely shows that they are genuine.
-
- [10] More precisely: they will be removed when there is no path via Depends,
- PreDepends, or Recommends to them from a manually installed package. If
- Aptitude::Keep-Suggests is true, a Suggests relationship is also enough to keep
- a package installed.
-
- [11] Regular expression metacharacters include: ``+'', ``-'', ``.'', ``('',
- ``)'', ``|'', ``['', ``]'', ``^'', ``$'', and ``?''. Note that some of these are
- also aptitude metacharacters, so if you want to type (for instance) a literal
- ``|'', it must be double-escaped: ``\~|''.
-
- [12] The backslash escapes \\, \n, and \t are also available.
-
- [13] This is provided largely for symmetry with ~T.
-
- [14]Currently tagging is not supported; this escape is for future use.
-
- [15] On some terminals, a ``yellow'' background will actually come out brown.
-
-
- Chapter 3. aptitude FAQ
-
-
- ``What ... is your name?''
-
- ``I am Arthur, King of the Britons.''
-
- ``What ... is your quest?''
-
- ``I seek the Holy Grail!''
-
- ``What ... is the airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow?''
-
- ``What do you mean? An African or a European swallow?''
-
- ``Huh? I ... I don't kn---AAAAAUUUGGGHH!''
-
- -- Monty Python and the Holy Grail
-
-
-
-
- 3.1. How can I find exactly one package by name?
-
- 3.2. How can I find broken packages?
-
- 3.3. I want to select text, why doesn't aptitude let me disable the mouse?
-
-
- 3.1. How can I find exactly one package by name?
-
- As mentioned in the section called ``Search Patterns'', when you search for
- a package by name, the text you enter is actually a regular expression.
- Thus, the search pattern ``^name$'' will match only a package named name.
-
- For instance, you can find apt (but not aptitude or synaptic) by entering
- ^apt$; you can find g++ (but not g++-2.95 or g++-3.0) by entering ^g\+\+$.
-
- 3.2. How can I find broken packages?
-
- Use the command Search → Find Broken (b).
-
- 3.3. I want to select text, why doesn't aptitude let me disable the mouse?
-
- When a program running in an xterm is using the mouse, the xterm disables
- text selection. However, you can override this behavior and perform a
- selection by holding the Shift key down.
-
-
-
- Chapter 4. Credits
-
-
- No-one remembers the singer. The song remains.
-
- -- Terry Pratchett, The Last Hero
-
-
- This section commemorates some of the people who have contributed to aptitude
- over its lifetime.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- This section is presently rather incomplete and will likely be updated
- and expanded as time goes on (in particular, there are many missing
- translation credits due to the huge number of sources of translations
- [16]). If you think you should be on this list, please email
- <dburrows@debian.org> with an explanation of why you think so.
-
-
- Translations and Internationalization
-
-
-
- Brazilian translation
- Andre Luis Lopes, Gustavo Silva
-
-
- Chinese translation
- Carlos Z.F. Liu
-
-
- Czech translation
- Miroslav Kure
-
-
- Danish translation
- Morten Brix Pedersen, Morten Bo Johansen
-
-
- Dutch translation
- Luk Claes
-
-
- Finnish translation
- Jaakko Kangasharju
-
-
- French translation
- Martin Quinson, Jean-Luc Coulon
-
-
- German translation
- Sebastian Schaffert, Erich Schubert, Sebastian Kapfe
-
-
- Italian translation
- Danilo Piazzalunga
-
-
- Japanese translation
- YasuoEto,
-
-
- Lithuanian translation
- Darius ?itkevicius
-
-
- Polish translation
- Michal Politowski
-
-
- Portuguese translation
- Nuno SΘnica, Miguel Figueiredo
-
-
- Norwegian translation
- Hσvard Korsvoll
-
-
- Spanish translation
- Jordi Malloch, Ruben Porras
-
-
- Swedish translation
- Daniel Nylander
-
-
- Initial i18n patch
- Masato Taruishi
-
-
- i18n triaging and maintainence
- Christian Perrier
-
-
- Documentation
-
-
-
- User's Manual
- Daniel Burrows
-
-
- Programming
-
-
-
- Program design and implementation
- Daniel Burrows
-
-
-
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [16] It should be possible to compile a fairly complete list of i18n
- contributors based on the ChangeLog, its references to the Debian bug tracking
- system, and the revision history of aptitude, but doing so will require a large
- investment of time that is not currently available.
-
-
-
- Command-Line Reference
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Table of Contents
-
-
-
- aptitude --; high-level interface to the package manager
-
-
- Name
-
- aptitude --; high-level interface to the package manager
-
-
- Synopsis
-
- aptitude [options...] { autoclean | clean | forget-new | keep-all | update |
- upgrade }
-
- aptitude [options...] { changelog | dist-upgrade | download | forbid-version |
- hold | install | keep-all | markauto | purge | reinstall | remove | show |
- unhold | unmarkauto } packages...
-
- aptitude [options...] search patterns...
-
- aptitude [-S fname] [ -u | -i ]
-
- aptitude help
-
-
- Description
-
- aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian GNU/Linux package system.
-
- It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package
- management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Actions
- may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line.
-
-
- Command-Line Actions
-
- The first argument which does not begin with a hyphen (``-'') is considered to
- be an action that the program should perform. If an action is not specified on
- the command-line, aptitude will start up in visual mode.
-
- The following actions are available:
-
-
-
- install
- Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after the
- ``install'' command; if a package name contains a tilde character (``~''),
- it will be treated as a search pattern and every package matching the
- pattern will be installed (see the section ``Search Patterns'' in the
- aptitude reference manual).
-
- To select a particular version of the package, append ``=version'' to the
- package name: for instance, ``aptitude install apt=0.3.1''. Similarly, to
- select a package from a particular archive, append ``/archive'' to the
- package name: for instance, ``aptitude install apt/experimental''.
-
- Not every package listed on the command line has to be installed; you can
- tell aptitude to do something different with a package by appending an
- ``override specifier'' to the name of the package. For example, aptitude
- remove wesnoth+ will install wesnoth, not remove it. The following
- override specifiers are available:
-
-
-
- package+
- Install package.
-
-
- package+M
- Install package and immediately mark it as automatically installed
- (note that if nothing depends on package, this will cause it to be
- immediately removed).
-
-
- package-
- Remove package.
-
-
- package_
- Purge package: remove it and all its associated configuration and
- data files.
-
-
- package=
- Place package on hold: cancel any active installation, upgrade, or
- removal, and prevent this package from being automatically upgraded
- in the future.
-
-
- package:
- Keep package at its current version: cancel any installation,
- removal, or upgrade. Unlike ``hold'' (above) this does not prevent
- automatic upgrades in the future.
-
-
- package&M
- Mark package as having been automatically installed.
-
-
- package&m
- Mark package as having been manually installed.
-
-
- As a special case, ``install'' with no arguments will act on any stored/
- pending actions.
-
-
- [Note] Note
-
- Once you enter Y at the final confirmation prompt, the
- ``install'' command will modify aptitude's stored information
- about what actions to perform. Therefore, if you issue (e.g.) the
- command ``aptitude install foo bar'' and then abort the
- installation once aptitude has started downloading and installing
- packages, you will need to run ``aptitude remove foo bar'' to
- cancel that order.
-
-
-
- remove, purge, hold, unhold, keep, reinstall
- These commands are the same as ``install'', but apply the named action to
- all packages given on the command line for which it is not overridden. The
- difference between hold and keep is that hold will cause a package to be
- ignored by future upgrade commands, while keep merely cancels any
- scheduled actions on the package. unhold will cause a package to be
- upgraded by future upgrade commands, without otherwise altering its state.
-
- For instance, ``aptitude remove '~ndeity''' will remove all packages whose
- name contains ``deity''.
-
-
- markauto, unmarkauto
- Mark packages as automatically installed or manually installed,
- respectively. Packages are specified in exactly the same way as for the
- ``install'' command. For instance, ``aptitude markauto '~slibs''' will
- mark all packages in the ``libs'' section as having been automatically
- installed.
-
- For more information on automatically installed packages, see the section
- ``Managing Automatically Installed Packages'' in the aptitude reference
- manual.
-
-
- forbid-version
- Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular version. This will
- prevent aptitude from automatically upgrading to this version, but will
- allow automatic upgrades to future versions. By default, aptitude will
- select the version to which the package would normally be upgraded; you
- may override this selection by appending ``=version'' to the package name:
- for instance, ``aptitude forbid-version vim=1.2.3.broken-4''.
-
- This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of packages without
- having to set and clear manual holds. If you decide you really want the
- forbidden version after all, the ``install'' command will remove the ban.
-
-
- update
- Updates the list of available packages from the apt sources (this is
- equivalent to ``apt-get update'')
-
-
- upgrade
- Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version. Installed
- packages will not be removed unless they are unused (see the section
- ``Managing Automatically Installed Packages'' in the aptitude reference
- manual); packages which are not currently installed will not be installed.
-
- If a package cannot be upgraded without violating these constraints, it
- will be kept at its current version. Use the dist-upgrade command to
- upgrade these packages as well.
-
-
- dist-upgrade
- Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version, removing or
- installing packages as necessary. This command is less conservative than
- upgrade and thus more likely to perform unwanted actions. Users are
- advised to either use upgrade instead or to carefully inspect the list of
- packages to be installed and removed.
-
-
- keep-all
- Cancels all scheduled actions on all packages; any packages whose sticky
- state indicates an installation, removal, or upgrade will have this sticky
- state cleared.
-
-
- forget-new
- Forgets all internal information about what packages are ``new''
- (equivalent to pressing ``f'' when in visual mode).
-
-
- search
- Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command
- line. All packages which match any of the given patterns will be
- displayed; for instance, ``aptitude search '~N''' will list all ``new''
- packages. For more information on search patterns, see the section
- ``Search Patterns'' in the aptitude reference manual.
-
- Unless you pass the -F option, the output of aptitude search will look
- something like this:
-
- i apt - Advanced front-end for dpkg
-
- pi apt-build - frontend to apt to build, optimize
- and in
- cp apt-file - APT package searching utility -
- - command-
- ihA raptor-utils - Raptor RDF Parser utilities
-
- Each search result is listed on a separate line. The first character of
- each line indicates the current state of the package: the most common
- states are p, meaning that no trace of the package exists on the system,
- c, meaning that the package was deleted but its configuration files remain
- on the system, i, meaning that the package is installed, and v, meaning
- that the package is virtual. The second character indicates the stored
- action (if any; otherwise a blank space is displayed) to be performed on
- the package, with the most common actions being i, meaning that the
- package will be installed, d, meaning that the package will be deleted,
- and p, meaning that the package and its configuration files will be
- removed. If the third character is A, the package was automatically
- installed.
-
- For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the
- section ``Accessing Package Information'' in the aptitude reference guide.
-
-
- show
- Displays detailed information about one or more packages, listed following
- the search command. If a package name contains a tilde character (``~''),
- it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching packages will be
- displayed (see the section ``Search Patterns'' in the aptitude reference
- manual).
-
- If the verbosity level is 1 or greater (i.e., at least one -v is present
- on the command-line), information about all versions of the package is
- displayed. Otherwise, information about the ``candidate version'' (the
- version that ``aptitude install'' would download) is displayed.
-
- You can display information about a different version of the package by
- appending =version to the package name; you can display the version from a
- particular archive by appending /archive to the package name. If either of
- these is present, then only the version you request will be displayed,
- regardless of the verbosity level.
-
- If the verbosity level is 1 or greater, the package's architecture,
- compressed size, filename, and md5sum fields will be displayed. If the
- verbosity level is 2 or greater, the select version or versions will be
- displayed once for each archive in which they are found.
-
-
- clean
- Removes all previously downloaded .deb files from the package cache
- directory (usually /var/cache/apt/archives).
-
-
- autoclean
- Removes any cached packages which can no longer be downloaded. This allows
- you to prevent a cache from growing out of control over time without
- completely emptying it.
-
-
- changelog
- Downloads and displays the Debian changelog for each of the given source
- or binary packages.
-
- By default, the changelog for the version which would be installed with
- ``aptitude install'' is downloaded. You can select a particular version of
- a package by appending =version to the package name; you can select the
- version from a particular archive by appending /archive to the package
- name.
-
-
- download
- Downloads the .deb file for the given package to the current directory.
-
- By default, the version which would be installed with ``aptitude install''
- is downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by
- appending =version to the package name; you can select the version from a
- particular archive by appending /archive to the package name.
-
-
- help
- Displays a brief summary of the available commands and options.
-
-
-
- Options
-
- The following options may be used to modify the behavior of the actions
- described above. Note that while all options will be accepted for all commands,
- some options don't apply to particular commands and will be ignored by those
- commands.
-
-
-
- -D, --show-deps
- For commands that will install or remove packages (install, upgrade, etc),
- show brief explanations of automatic installations and removals.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps.
-
-
- -d, --download-only
- Download packages to the package cache as necessary, but do not install or
- remove anything. By default, the package cache is stored in /var/cache/
- apt/archives.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-
- Only.
-
-
- -F format, --display-format format
- Specify the format which should be used to display output from the search
- command. For instance, passing ``%p %V %v'' for format will display a
- package's name, followed by its currently installed version and its
- available version (see the section ``Customizing how packages are
- displayed'' in the aptitude reference manual for more information).
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-
- Display-Format.
-
-
- -f
- Try hard to fix the dependencies of broken packages, even if it means
- ignoring the actions requested on the command line.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken.
-
-
- -h, --help
- Display a brief help message. Identical to the help action.
-
-
- --purge-unused
- Purge packages that are no longer required by any installed package. This
- is equivalent to passing ``-o Aptitude::Purge-Unused=true'' as a command-
- line argument.
-
-
- -P, --prompt
- Always display a prompt, even when no actions other than those explicitly
- requested will be performed.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-
- Prompt.
-
-
- -R, --without-recommends
- Do not treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages
- (this overrides settings in /etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config).
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Recommends-
- Important
-
-
- -r, --with-recommends
- Treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this
- overrides settings in /etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config).
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Recommends-
- Important
-
-
- -s, --simulate
- In command-line mode, print the actions that would normally be performed,
- but don't actually perform them. This does not require root privileges. In
- the visual interface, always open the cache in read-only mode regardless
- of whether you are root.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Simulate.
-
-
- --schedule-only
- For commands that modify package states, schedule operations to be
- performed in the future, but don't perform them. You can execute scheduled
- actions by running aptitude install with no arguments. This is equivalent
- to making the corresponding selections in visual mode, then exiting the
- program normally.
-
- For instance, aptitude --schedule-only install evolution will schedule the
- evolution package for later installation.
-
-
- -t release, --target-release release
- Set the release from which packages should be installed. For instance,
- ``aptitude -t experimental ...'' will install packages from the
- experimental distribution unless you specify otherwise. For the command-
- line actions ``changelog'', ``download'', and ``show'', this is equivalent
- to appending /release to each package named on the command-line; for other
- commands, this will affect the default candidate version of packages
- according to the rules described in apt_preferences(5).
-
- This corresponds to the configuration item APT::Default-Release.
-
-
- -O order, --sort order
- Specify the order in which output from the search command should be
- displayed. For instance, passing ``installsize'' for order will list
- packages in order according to their size when installed (see the section
- ``Customizing how packages are sorted'' in the aptitude reference manual
- for more information).
-
-
- -o key=value
- Set a configuration file option directly; for instance, use -o Aptitude::
- Log=/tmp/my-log to log aptitude's actions to /tmp/my-log. For more
- information on configuration file options, see the section ``Configuration
- file reference'' in the aptitude reference manual.
-
-
- -q[=n], --quiet[=n]
- Suppress all incremental progress indicators, thus making the output
- loggable. This may be supplied multiple times to make the program quieter,
- but unlike apt-get, aptitude does not enable -y when -q is supplied more
- than once.
-
- The optional =n may be used to directly set the amount of quietness (for
- instance, to override a setting in /etc/apt/apt.conf); it causes the
- program to behave as if -q had been passed exactly n times.
-
-
- -V, --show-versions
- Show which versions of packages will be installed.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-
- Versions.
-
-
- -v, --verbose
- Causes some commands (for instance, show) to display extra information.
- This may be supplied multiple times to get more and more information.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose.
-
-
- --version
- Display the version of aptitude and some information about how it was
- compiled.
-
-
- --visual-preview
- When installing or removing packages from the command line, instead of
- displaying the usual prompt, start up the visual interface and display its
- preview screen.
-
-
- -w width, --width width
- Specify the display width which should be used for output from the search
- command (by default, the terminal width is used).
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-
- Display-Width
-
-
- -y, --assume-yes
- When a yes/no prompt would be presented, assume that the user entered
- ``yes''. In particular, suppresses the prompt that appears when
- installing, upgrading, or removing packages. Prompts for ``dangerous''
- actions, such as removing essential packages, will still be displayed.
- This option overrides -P.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-
- Yes.
-
-
- -Z
- Show how much disk space will be used or freed by the individual packages
- being installed, upgraded, or removed.
-
- This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-
- Changes.
-
-
- The following options apply to the visual mode of the program, but are primarily
- for internal use; you generally won't need to use them yourself.
-
-
-
- -S fname
- Loads the extended state information from fname instead of the standard
- state file.
-
-
- -u
- Begins updating the package lists as soon as the program starts. You
- cannot use this option and -i at the same time.
-
-
- -i
- Displays a download preview when the program starts (equivalent to
- starting the program and immediately pressing ``g''). You cannot use this
- option and ``-u'' at the same time.
-
-
-
- Environment
-
-
-
- HOME
- If $HOME/.aptitude exists, aptitude will store its configuration file in
- $HOME/.aptitude/config. Otherwise, it will look up the current user's home
- directory using getpwuid(2) and place its configuration file there.
-
-
- PAGER
- If this environment variable is set, aptitude will use it to display
- changelogs when ``aptitude changelog'' is invoked. If not set, it defaults
- to more.
-
-
- TMP
- If TMPDIR is unset, aptitude will store its temporary files in TMP if that
- variable is set. Otherwise, it will store them in /tmp.
-
-
- TMPDIR
- aptitude will store its temporary files in the directory indicated by this
- environment variable. If TMPDIR is not set, then TMP will be used; if TMP
- is also unset, then aptitude will use /tmp.
-
-
-
- See Also
-
- apt-get(8), apt(8), /usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/lang/index.html from the
- package aptitude-doc-lang
-
-