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- <text id=93TT0111>
- <title>
- Oct. 25, 1993: Israel's Secret Weapon
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Oct. 25, 1993 All The Rage:Angry Young Rockers
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ARMS TRADE, Page 42
- Israel's Secret Weapon
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>For this trading tycoon, a $3.5 billion military sale to China
- is only one chapter in a story of rags-to-riches success and
- nonstop wheeling and dealing
- </p>
- <p>By BRUCE W. NELAN--Reported by Lisa Beyer/Tel Aviv and Jaime A. FlorCruz/Beijing
- </p>
- <p> At a formal dinner in a Beijing hotel last week, Israeli Prime
- Minister Yitzhak Rabin toasted a rotund 72-year-old at the table
- and offered a tribute: "Mr. Eisenberg opened the doors to China
- for Israel." It was a rare moment in the public spotlight for
- Israeli tycoon Shoul Eisenberg, but senior officials at the
- dinner knew exactly what Rabin meant. Modern weaponry is at
- the heart of the Jerusalem-Beijing relationship, and Eisenberg
- has been selling Israeli defense technology to the Chinese for
- more than a decade.
- </p>
- <p> Eisenberg is the real-life version of the international power
- brokers who appear in the pages of popular thrillers, and he
- is usually described with some of the same adjectives: shadowy,
- reclusive, discreet. Worth an estimated $1.3 billion, he is
- a legendary figure in Asia, a modern taipan. His holdings include
- all or part of hundreds of companies in 30 countries, and though
- he has half a dozen lavish homes in several countries, he says
- with some justification that he lives in his private Boeing
- 727, which is outfitted with a bedroom and sophisticated communications
- gear.
- </p>
- <p> Calling Eisenberg an arms dealer does not do justice to the
- scale and astonishing variety of his operations. He may have
- handled Israel's military sales to China, but at the same time
- he was completing hundreds of other deals, bringing investors,
- manufacturers and markets together in tidy packages and taking
- a large cut for himself. He has been the key man in coffee processing
- in Thailand, desalinization in the Caribbean, steel, railroads
- and atomic power in South Korea, real estate in the U.S., mining,
- fuel oil and cooking oils, aircraft leasing, shipping, fertilizer.
- </p>
- <p> In spite of the toast last week in China, Rabin tried to downplay
- Eisenberg's sales efforts. By coincidence,CIA Director R. James
- Woolsey had just reported to a congressional committee in Washington
- that the value of Israel's military sales to China over the
- past 10 years "may be several billion dollars." At a press conference
- in Beijing, Rabin confirmed that sales had taken place but quibbled
- about the total: "All these stories of billions of dollars of
- arms business in the past 12 years are total nonsense."
- </p>
- <p> Actually they are not nonsense. As early as December 1978, Eisenberg
- was in China sizing up business opportunities. According to
- a senior aide to Menachem Begin, Eisenberg paid a call on the
- then Prime Minister and said that he could use his influence
- to open China to Israeli goods--mostly military--if Begin
- would give him exclusive rights to all weapons deals. It was
- a time when China was looking for first-rate military technology
- that it could not obtain from the West. For its part, Israel
- was eager to reduce its defense costs by selling overseas and
- to increase its influence over a country that supported Israel's
- Arab enemies. No other Israelis were doing business with China,
- so Begin, according to this aide, accepted Eisenberg's offer.
- Eisenberg denies that Begin provided him with exclusive rights
- to arms-technology deals.
- </p>
- <p> According to the Begin aide, Eisenberg bought the military technology
- from Israel's defense industries and sold it to China for whatever
- he could get. Eisenberg's office says he made only nominal commissions,
- but in parts of Asia he was known for the high profits he made
- on deals. In any case, says the Begin aide, "he made a lot of
- money out of it, but he also helped the Israeli military industry."
- Since 1979, Israeli security officials say, the country has
- sold China $3.5 billion worth of arms components and technology--not finished weapons, but parts and processes to improve
- China's tank guns, armor and targeting systems, missiles, aircraft
- electronics and military computers, among other things.
- </p>
- <p> Though Eisenberg seldom talks to the press, he told an interviewer
- for Britain's Financial Times last month, "People think I am
- an arms dealer, but I only did it for Israel. I hate the military
- business, and I don't do it in other countries." By all accounts
- that is the truth. Other Israeli firms are opening offices in
- China now, and Eisenberg is moving on, putting together major
- deals in India and the former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan.
- </p>
- <p> For Eisenberg, the wheeling and dealing never stop. Like many
- self-made men, he puts others off with his intense focus. "He's
- a very tough man," says another ex-employee , "very demanding,
- very aggressive." Eisenberg has no hobbies, doesn't go to the
- theater, doesn't have leisurely dinners with friends. "The only
- thing that interests him," says David Lisbona, Eisenberg's personal
- assistant in Israel, "is his work. He enjoys bringing these
- things together--which is why he is still doing it. He doesn't
- need the money."
- </p>
- <p> Even if he does not watch movies himself, the Eisenberg story
- could easily inspire one. It would tell the tale of a penniless
- German Jew who lands in Japan during World War II, goes into
- business, builds a trading empire in Asia and becomes one of
- the world's richest men.
- </p>
- <p> In 1938, when Eisenberg was 17, his parents, two brothers and
- a sister left their home in Munich and fled to Shanghai, where
- a growing European Jewish community sought refuge from the Nazi
- regime. Eisenberg followed in 1940 but found no business opportunities
- in China that time around. So he sailed for Japan, thinking
- he might make it to the U.S. But in Japan he met a family active
- in the steel business and began selling iron ore principally
- to their company, Nippon Steel. A year later, he married Leah
- Freudlsberger, whose father was an art lecturer at a Tokyo university
- and whose mother was from a distinguished Japanese family.
- </p>
- <p> When the war ended, Eisenberg's fortunes took off. He sold the
- U.S. army of occupation kitchen and bathroom equipment made
- of aluminum from downed aircraft, and continued brokering the
- iron ore and other imports Japan needed to rebuild its ruined
- economy. As soon as the Korean War was over, he opened an office
- in Seoul, got to know the most important political and military
- leaders, put together reconstruction deals and took a big slice
- of the profit.
- </p>
- <p> For years after becoming an Israeli citizen in 1949, Eisenberg
- had a connection with the Jewish state that was mostly symbolic.
- But all the while he was living in Tokyo he played an active
- part in the Jewish Community of Japan and served several terms
- as its president. He built a synagogue in Tokyo in honor of
- his parents and contributed millions of dollars to Jewish charities.
- </p>
- <p> In 1962 Eisenberg moved with his family--wife, a son and five
- daughters--to Israel, where he wanted them to grow up and
- serve in the army. Israel's high taxes kept him from moving
- his corporate empire there until 1970, after the Knesset passed
- the so-called Eisenberg Law, exempting offshore-trading income
- from taxes.
- </p>
- <p> Today the Eisenberg Group, with 40 offices around the world,
- is divided into two main holding companies--the Israel Corp.
- and Panama-registered United Development Inc. The Israel Corp.,
- of which Eisenberg is chairman and major shareholder, is based
- in Asia House, an elegant office block he built in central Tel
- Aviv. The corporation has an annual turnover of more than $2.5
- billion. United Development does not release such figures but
- has roughly the same revenues.
- </p>
- <p> One of Eisenberg's trade secrets, his associates say, is his
- extraordinary mind. "The guy was never in a school of business
- or anything like that," says one ex-staff member. "He did everything
- himself. He's exceptionally clever and has an amazing memory."
- Eisenberg speaks fluent German, Japanese, Yiddish and European-inflected
- English.
- </p>
- <p> Eisenberg has also made a point of hiring executives with a
- record of achievement, people who are already powerful. Among
- his current employees is Moshe Arens, the former Defense and
- Foreign Minister. In the past he has employed Ilan Tehila, the
- former military adviser to Defense Ministers Ezer Weizman and
- Ariel Sharon, as well as a retired armed forces chief of staff
- and a onetime director-general of the Foreign Ministry.
- </p>
- <p> "He has a weak spot for military men," says another ex-employee.
- There may be more to it than that. Eisenberg often says that
- "business is like war." An Eisenberg staff member explains:
- "He talks about his employees as being `my soldiers.' People
- from military backgrounds are used to working hard and giving
- pretty much undivided loyalty to their superiors. That's the
- way Mr. Eisenberg likes it."
- </p>
- <p> When Rabin left Beijing last week, Eisenberg stayed on at his
- 35th-floor office in the China World Hotel. He was host at two
- banquets the same night--one for a provincial governor and
- the other for officials of China's state television network.
- Two days later, he flew to India, where the Ministry of Power
- wanted to talk with him about building some electric power plants.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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