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<text id=93TT0177>
<title>
Aug. 09, 1993: Where Have All the Nazis Gone?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Aug. 09, 1993 Lost Secrets Of The Maya
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WAR CRIMES, Page 38
Where Have All the Nazis Gone?
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Despite the acquittal of John Demjanjuk, the hunt for Hitler's
fugitives continues
</p>
<p>By JORDAN BONFANTE/LOS ANGELES--With reporting by Lisa Beyer/Jerusalem, James L. Graff/Vienna, Julie
Johnson/Washington and Jeanne McDowell/Los Angeles
</p>
<p> How long can the Nazi manhunt and the promise of retribution
go on? How many more war criminals, their faces surgically disguised
and their identities long since falsified, can be brought to
justice? Those questions reverberated around the world last
week after the Israeli Supreme Court unanimously overturned
the 1988 conviction of John Demjanjuk. The 73-year-old retired
Cleveland autoworker had been sentenced to death for being "Ivan
the Terrible," the notorious guard at the Treblinka death camp
who operated the gas chambers.
</p>
<p> Nazi hunters acknowledged that the decision was a severe setback
for their cause. The fact that five Treblinka survivors had
possibly misidentified Demjanjuk was bound to devalue the future
testimony of aging concentration-camp survivors. The fact that
a court in Israel, which has such an emotional stake in the
Holocaust, had ruled in a suspected Nazi collaborator's favor
was bound to discourage already reluctant countries such as
Australia and Canada from continuing to pursue suspected war
criminals.
</p>
<p> Nevertheless, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a human-rights and
research organization with headquarters in Los Angeles, vowed
to carry on with even more zeal. The center pointed to valuable
new investigative avenues afforded them by the collapse of the
Soviet regime, which has opened up what one U.S. Justice Department
official called "an embarrassment of investigative riches,"
and by the unification of Germany, where prosecutors can now
avail themselves of literally miles of formerly closed East
German secret police archives.
</p>
<p> Among the "most wanted"--or at least most immediately wanted--of the hundreds of war criminals still unaccounted for is
the real "Ivan the Terrible," now thought to be a Ukrainian
named Ivan Marchenko, who would be 82 today. He was last sighted
leaving a brothel in Croatia in 1945. Says Efraim Zuroff, the
Wiesenthal Center's chief sleuth in Jerusalem: "The problem
is that Yugoslavia [today] is a hard place to look for anybody."
</p>
<p> Next on the Wiesenthal hit list is Alois Brunner, a lieutenant
of Adolf Eichmann's, the executor of Hitler's "final solution."
Brunner, now about 80, is thought responsible for the deportation
of 128,000 Jews from Austria, France, Greece and Slovakia to
the death camps. He has long been believed to be hiding behind
the alias Georg Fischer in Syria. The Israeli intelligence service
reportedly once sent him a package bomb that cost him four fingers.
Unconfirmed reports of his death have surfaced recently.
</p>
<p> Prosecutors may have a better chance of convicting Paul Touvier,
now 78, a Nazi collaborator during the German Occupation of
France who was recently indicted for "crimes against humanity"
in connection with the murder of seven Jewish hostages taken
by the Gestapo in Lyons in 1944. French authorities are expected
to decide in the next six months whether to try Touvier. "After
20 years of stalling in the courts," said Serge Klarsfeld, the
re nowned Nazi hunter, "Touvier will have to answer for his
crimes in a criminal court." Antanas Gecas, 77, a onetime Lithuanian
auxiliary-police battalion officer now living--quite openly--in Edinburgh, Scotland, is similarly awaiting a decision
by the British government about whether to prosecute him for
his alleged participation in his battalion's murder of 15,000
Jews in Lithuania and Belorussia.
</p>
<p> In the U.S. the Justice Department seeks to strip the citizenship
of individuals who served in Nazi death camps. A case in point
is Jack Reimer, an otherwise inconspicuous 74-year-old potato-chip
deliveryman in Carmel, New York. U.S. authorities now believe
that in 1941 and 1942 Jakob Reimer was a Nazi guard at the Trawniki
SS training camp in Poland. Investigators claim that under interrogation
last year he not only admitted having witnessed other Nazis
massacre Jews but also acknowledged that he had opened fire
into a ravine filled with the bodies of 50 Jewish men already
gunned down by other guards. Upon seeing one move, he fired.
</p>
<p> "You finished him off?" an interrogator asked.
</p>
<p> "I'm afraid so," replied Reimer, who maintains his innocence
of war crimes in the face of denaturalization proceedings.
</p>
<p> In Vienna Simon Wiesenthal, 84, the legendary pursuer who has
helped uncover scores of Nazis, is not sanguine about chasing
down many of the remaining fugitives. But he argues that criminal
justice is not the entire purpose of his quest. "These crimes
can't really be adequately punished anyway," he says. "I see
what I'm doing as a warning to the murderers of tomorrow." A
warning to them, he says, "that they will never rest in peace."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>