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- <text id=93TT1918>
- <title>
- June 21, 1993: Alzheimer's Clue
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jun. 21, 1993 Sex for Sale
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- HEALTH, Page 59
- Alzheimer's Clue
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Once ignored, a scientist gains support for his idea that a
- common gene helps cause the disease
- </p>
- <p> Only last year, Allen Roses, a Duke University neurologist,
- seemed out in left field in terms of research on Alzheimer's
- disease, the dread brain disorder that afflicts as many as 4
- million Americans. His theory that a particular gene puts people
- at high risk for Alzheimer's just didn't get much attention
- or respect from fellow scientists. But after months of tirelessly
- making his case, Roses is no longer dismissed; instead he is
- being courted by drug companies eager to use his research to
- find a diagnostic test and treatment. At a medical meeting in
- New York City last week, Roses presented fresh evidence and
- stirred even more interest. No one, not even Roses, believes
- that he has answered all questions about Alzheimer's or that
- a cure is around the corner, but there is a growing consensus
- that the Duke scientist has opened up a promising avenue for
- understanding and attacking the disease.
- </p>
- <p> For several years, researchers have known that the brain cells
- of Alzheimer's victims are clogged with an overabundance of
- beta amyloid. The sticky protein forms plaques that can kill
- the cells, gradually producing memory loss. But why do some
- people have an excess of the amyloid, and why does it accumulate
- in the brain?
- </p>
- <p> Roses proposes that amyloid has an accomplice: a blood protein
- called ApoE. Its main function seems to be transporting cholesterol,
- but according to Roses, ApoE can also latch on to amyloid and
- cart it into brain cells. How often that happens may depend
- on what type of ApoE a person has, which in turn depends on
- the genes that direct the making of ApoE. Those genes come in
- at least three varieties--dubbed E2, E3 and E4--and everyone
- has two of the genes, one from each parent.
- </p>
- <p> Studies by Roses' team and others done on families hit by Alzheimer's
- suggest E4 raises the odds of getting the disease. For example,
- people with two E4 genes are eight to nine times as likely to
- have the disorder as those with two E3 genes. "Roses' genetic
- data are overwhelming," says Dr. Rudy Tanzi of Massachusetts
- General Hospital.
- </p>
- <p> The theory doesn't explain every case: many people with E4 don't
- have Alzheim er's, and not all victims have E4. But the evidence
- indicating that E4 increases the risk may lead to a blood test
- to identify people likely to develop Alzheimer's. If Roses is
- right, the research may also help design a drug to keep ApoE
- from carrying so much amyloid into brain cells--and thus prevent
- the proteins from doing their deadly work.
- </p>
- <p> By Anastasia Toufexis. Reported by Alice Park/New York
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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