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- <text id=91TT1268>
- <title>
- June 10, 1991: Requiem for the Space Station
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- June 10, 1991 Evil
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SPACE, Page 59
- Requiem for the Space Station
- </hdr><body>
- <p>NASA's proposed house in the sky will cost too much -- and do too
- little
- </p>
- <p>By DENNIS OVERBYE
- </p>
- <p> Once upon a time, a space station seemed like a good
- idea. Back in 1984, when NASA first proposed to put a permanent
- house in orbit, it sounded like a logical next step for a nation
- gaining confidence in its new shuttle, flexing its space legs
- and preparing to go farther. After all, if we were going to send
- humans to Mars or back to the moon, the astronauts needed a
- place to assemble their giant spaceships; if we were going to
- monitor large-scale changes on earth, scientists needed a
- platform to watch from; if ultra-pure drugs and crystals
- produced in zero gravity were going to revolutionize industry,
- technicians needed a place to make the stuff. The space station
- was supposed to cost $8 billion and be ready in 1992.
- </p>
- <p> That was then and this is now. In the meantime, Challenger
- exploded, Hubble blurred, and the prospective space station
- ballooned to a Tinkertoy-looking assemblage bigger than a
- football field with a price tag of $38 billion, which would
- require 3,700 hours a year of dangerous spacewalking to
- maintain. Recently NASA scaled back the space station, shaving,
- it said, about $8 billion off the cost, but the General
- Accounting Office pegged the price of this new space station at
- $40 billion. The long-term cost, the GAO said, could amount to
- $118 billion, which puts the station in the same league as the
- S&L bailout and the Advanced Tactical Fighter.
- </p>
- <p> All this for a space station that does . . . nothing. In
- the interest of saving money, NASA planners stripped the
- station of its varied and often contradictory functions. No
- longer was it to be a truck stop or observation platform or
- metallurgical factory. The sole stated scientific rationale left
- for the station was to conduct biological research on
- weightlessness, but the plans originally omitted a centrifuge,
- the most important gadget needed to do that work. The National
- Academy of Sciences concluded that the space station had no
- scientific use at all. Which left as the main purpose of the
- station what cynics have suggested it was all along: to be a
- sort of WPA for the aerospace industry. In May the House
- Appropriations subcommittee accordingly cut the station from
- NASA's budget.
- </p>
- <p> Vowing to restore the space station, Administration
- officials contend that science has never been the whole point
- of the space station. Rather it is intended to maintain American
- prestige (would that they felt the same way about health care,
- say, or the arts). That's the kind of thing we used to hear
- about the space shuttle when the rest of the space program was
- being consumed by its development costs.
- </p>
- <p> There has always been a slightly strained air to NASA's
- pronouncements about the space shuttle, like the comparison of
- last month's Star Wars mission to a ballet -- this from an
- agency that has been to the moon and skimmed the rings of
- Saturn.
- </p>
- <p> Ten years after the first launch of the space shuttle was
- supposed to initiate an era of routine space flight, NASA still
- doesn't have its act together. As of this writing, technicians
- are counting down for a nine-day life-sciences mission,
- originally scheduled for the mid-1980s. During the most recent
- delay, engineers were horrified to discover, more or less by
- accident, that sensors in Columbia's fuel line were cracked. If
- one had broken loose, it could have been sucked into the
- spacecraft's powerful pumps, causing the ship to explode in a
- replay of the Challenger disaster. Apparently nobody had ever
- thought of checking the fuel line's sensors before.
- </p>
- <p> As the popular saying goes, "You don't have to be a rocket
- scientist to . . ." The problem, of course, is that NASA is full
- of rocket scientists, but its fatal flaws always turn out to be
- of the homely variety. The engineers can rebuild computers
- floating upside down in space, but they forget to talk to one
- another on the ground. So the managers of the Hubble Space
- Telescope didn't know there may have been something wrong with
- the mirror's shape, and the launch officials didn't know O rings
- could stiffen in the cold. It is no knock on the spacemanship
- of the astronauts to admit that space is a difficult and
- dangerous place -- just on the salesmanship of the agency that
- put them there. NASA's strategy resembles George Bush's in the
- Persian Gulf: get the troops over there, and then the people
- will have to support them. NASA has always believed it has to
- put people in space in order to have public support. The folly
- of the space shuttle was that it put human lives at the center
- of every space operation, no matter how trivial, outrageously
- expensive or -- as it turned out -- dangerous. Seven people paid
- with their lives. To paraphrase Bob Dylan, What price do we have
- to pay to get out of going through all this twice?
- </p>
- <p> NASA for most of the past 30 years represented some of the
- best that America and indeed the human race had to offer:
- curiosity, resourcefulness, courage and a dream. But now the
- agency's agenda seems bare except for what one Congresswoman
- described recently as an empty garage. Forty billion dollars is
- too much for a space station that does nothing -- not when there
- are real adventures and real science on which to spend the
- money. Commenting on the brave new do-nothing space station,
- John Logsdon, a space policy analyst at George Washington
- University, said that canceling the space station would be an
- admission that NASA has wasted billions of dollars and years of
- planning. It would, he explained, destroy the credibility of the
- space program. Of course, exactly the opposite is true. NASA has
- wasted years and billions. Canceling the space station would be
- the best thing that ever happened to NASA's credibility. But it
- would take real leadership, as opposed to the kind we've been
- getting, which consists of waving a finger in the air and saying
- we're No. 1.
- </p>
- <p> Once upon a time a space station seemed like a good idea.
- But then so did putting teachers and Congressmen in space. Once.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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