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- <text id=94TT0467>
- <title>
- Apr. 25, 1994: The Keeper Of Vital Secrets
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Apr. 25, 1994 Hope in the War against Cancer
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOK EXCERPT, Page 72
- The Keeper Of Vital Secrets
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Even before J. Robert Oppenheimer's first days at Los Alamos,
- the U.S. government had suspicions about his loyalties. And
- the doubts followed him until he was finally denied his Q clearance
- in 1954.
- </p>
- <p> Like many liberal intellectuals of the time, Oppenheimer was
- quite taken with the idealism he believed to underpin the new
- Soviet state. He also feared for the safety of family members
- still living in Hitler's Germany. In the 1930s, bolstered as
- well by a loathing of Nazism, many Americans still living through
- the disillusionment with capitalism brought on by the Depression
- joined communist organizations and donated to causes supported
- by the Communist Party of the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> In 1936, while teaching at Berkeley, Oppenheimer fell in love
- with a woman named Jean Tatlock, a sometime Communist Party
- member. She introduced Oppie, as he was known, to a series of
- friends who were later branded as fellow travelers. In the same
- year, his brother Frank, also a physicist, met and married a
- young radical, and they quickly joined the Communist Party.
- </p>
- <p> Four years later, Oppenheimer married Katherine Harrison--his first marriage, her fourth; one of her former husbands had
- been a Communist Party member who had persuaded her to join.
- Throughout his years on the Manhattan Project, security officials
- kept probing Oppenheimer and his colleagues for security leaks.
- Oppenheimer was frequently evasive and on occasion dishonest
- in his accounts of meetings with suspected communists, but no
- leaks were detected until after the project was completed. The
- Soviets, after all, were America's allies during the war, and
- concern about their acquiring U.S. atomic secrets was secondary
- to the mission of beating the Axis.
- </p>
- <p> After that goal had been achieved, Oppenheimer urged sharing
- atomic secrets with other countries, including the U.S.S.R.,
- and eventually came to oppose the development of the H-bomb.
- His former Los Alamos colleague, Edward Teller, was infuriated
- by Oppie's doubts about the "super," as the thermonuclear device
- was called, and Teller's testimony before the Personnel Security
- Board of the Atomic Energy Commission was vital to the essentially
- political decision to revoke his clearance.
- </p>
- <p> Curiously, at the same time that it denied him clearance, the
- board essentially exonerated Oppenheimer from any suspicion
- of espionage. The majority report declared him a "loyal citizen"
- and praised his "unusual ability to keep to himself vital secrets."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-