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- <text id=89TT0167>
- <title>
- Jan. 16, 1989: Can A Driver Be Too Old?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Jan. 16, 1989 Donald Trump
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- NATION, Page 28
- Can a Driver Be Too Old?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Fender benders and fatalities raise fears over elderly motorists
- </p>
- <p> In Tuscola, Ill., Pearl Kamm, 77, began a road test to renew
- her driver's license last summer by backing the car over a curb
- and into a tree. Then she plowed through the plate-glass windows
- of the driver-testing center, killing a woman who was waiting
- to take a vision test and injuring three others.
- </p>
- <p> As America's population grows older, such highway horror
- stories are becoming more common. Currently 12% of the
- population is 65 or older, a figure expected to reach 17% in
- the next 40 years. While dangerous drivers come in all ages --
- the most menacing, in fact, are still the youngest -- there is
- a growing nationwide effort to ensure that older people with
- licenses either drive safely or get off the road.
- </p>
- <p> Until recently, it was widely believed that older drivers
- were the safest because they are involved in the fewest
- accidents overall of any age group. But those statistics do not
- weigh the fact that senior citizens tend to drive fewer miles
- than their younger counterparts. A 1988 study by the
- Transportation Research Board and the National Research Council
- discovered that elderly drivers rank second only to
- 16-to-24-year-olds in the number of accidents per mile driven.
- Similarly, the Insurance Information Institute reports that
- drivers 75 and over are more accident-prone than all but those
- under 25.
- </p>
- <p> While younger drivers often suffer most from poor judgment,
- the safety problems of elderly drivers are more likely to be
- rooted in the normal processes of aging: diminishing vision and
- hearing, slowing reflexes and decreasing attention spans.
- Experts find a link between these kinds of physical
- degeneration and the driving errors the elderly most often
- commit: failing to yield the right-of-way, making overly wide
- left turns, and crashing into other vehicles when backing up.
- </p>
- <p> These are familiar problems to some residents of California,
- Arizona and Florida, all states with large colonies of retirees.
- In Florida 17% of all motorists are 65 and over, and an
- astonishing 22,268 are 90 or over. In the wealthier districts
- of metropolises, like Tampa-St. Petersburg and Miami, the
- profusion of elderly drivers has acquired an unkind nickname:
- the "cataracts and Cadillacs" syndrome. In 1982 a public hue and
- cry arose over the driving record of an 81-year-old Miami Beach
- woman who surrendered her license after a 39-month streak during
- which she struck eleven people, killing three and critically
- injuring five.
- </p>
- <p> Before the advent of age-discrimination laws, 14 states
- passed legislation requiring older drivers to take tests to get
- their licenses renewed. In Pennsylvania, where the percentage of
- fatal accidents involving the elderly increased from 7% to 10%
- between 1985 and 1987, the Department of Transportation randomly
- selects as many as 1,500 senior citizens due for license renewal
- and calls them in for medical, vision, written and possible
- driving tests. As a result, 20% of the licenses are revoked,
- voluntarily surrendered or subjected to such restrictions as
- limiting the driver to daytime hours.
- </p>
- <p> After a proposed license-renewal law aimed at the elderly
- foundered on charges of age discrimination, Florida enacted
- regulations ordering all new residents, regardless of age, to
- pass both written and driving tests. "There's a great need to
- gradually restrict licensing," says Jane Lange, director of the
- medical-review program for Arizona's department of motor
- vehicles. "People age at different rates, so, ideally, it
- should be done on a case-by-case basis."
- </p>
- <p> Attempts to stiffen requirements for older drivers can
- collide with other concerns. Many auto-insurance companies
- offer discount rates to drivers over 65 because they tend to
- drive less frequently and to avoid hazardous situations like
- rush-hour traffic and bad weather. Another issue is compassion:
- depriving many senior citizens of their licenses would amount
- to robbing them of their independence. "The use of a car is
- particularly important to older citizens," says Florida
- Congressman Claude Pepper, 88. "It's a vital link to the
- outside world."
- </p>
- <p> Perhaps the best way to reconcile safety and mobility is to
- teach elderly motorists to compensate for the physical
- liabilities that often come with age. Since 1979, more than a
- million senior drivers have completed the American Association
- of Retired Persons's "55 Alive/Mature Driving" program, an
- eight-hour driver-education course taught in 17,000 classrooms
- across the U.S. for a nominal fee. Says Michael Seaton, creator
- of the A.A.R.P. program: "Older drivers want to be safe on the
- road. Most have never had a high school driver's education
- class, and they enjoy the course." As the A.A.R.P. program and
- ones like it expand, so too will the odds that older drivers
- will safely enjoy the open road well into their golden years.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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