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Amiga MA Magazine 1998 #6
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amigamamagazinepolishissue1998.iso
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packery
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bwt
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src
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unari.cpp
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C/C++ Source or Header
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1996-06-17
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//
// UNARI.CPP
//
// Mark Nelson
// March 8, 1996
// http://web2.airmail.net/markn
//
// DESCRIPTION
// -----------
//
// This program performs an order-0 adaptive arithmetic decoding
// function on an input file/stream, and sends the result to an
// output file or stream.
//
// This program contains the source code from the 1987 CACM
// article by Witten, Neal, and Cleary. I have taken the
// source modules and combined them into this single file for
// ease of distribution and compilation. Other than that,
// the code is essentially unchanged.
//
// This program takes two arguments: an input file and an output
// file. You can leave off one argument and send your output to
// stdout. Leave off two arguments and read your input from stdin
// as well.
//
// This program accompanies my article "Data Compression with the
// Burrows-Wheeler Transform."
//
// Build Instructions
// ------------------
//
// Define the constant unix for UNIX or UNIX-like systems. The
// use of this constant turns off the code used to force the MS-DOS
// file system into binary mode. g++ does this already, your UNIX
// C++ compiler might also.
//
// Borland C++ 4.5 16 bit : bcc -w unari.cpp
// Borland C++ 4.5 32 bit : bcc32 -w unari.cpp
// Microsoft Visual C++ 1.52 : cl /W4 unari.cpp
// Microsoft Visual C++ 2.1 : cl /W4 unari.cpp
// g++ : g++ -o unari unari.cpp
//
// Typical Use
// -----------
//
// unari < compressed-file | unrle | unmtf | unbwt | unrle > raw-file
//
//
#define unix
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#if !defined( unix )
#include <io.h>
#endif
/* THE SET OF SYMBOLS THAT MAY BE ENCODED. */
#define No_of_chars 256 /* Number of character symbols */
#define EOF_symbol (No_of_chars+1) /* Index of EOF symbol */
#define No_of_symbols (No_of_chars+1) /* Total number of symbols */
/* TRANSLATION TABLES BETWEEN CHARACTERS AND SYMBOL INDEXES. */
int char_to_index[No_of_chars]; /* To index from character */
unsigned char index_to_char[No_of_symbols+1]; /* To character from index */
int freq[No_of_symbols+1]; /* Symbol frequencies */
int cum_freq[No_of_symbols+1]; /* Cumulative symbol frequencies */
/* CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY TABLE. */
#define Max_frequency 16383 /* Maximum allowed frequency count */
/* DECLARATIONS USED FOR ARITHMETIC ENCODING AND DECODING */
/* SIZE OF ARITHMETIC CODE VALUES. */
#define Code_value_bits 16 /* Number of bits in a code value */
typedef long code_value; /* Type of an arithmetic code value */
#define Top_value (((long)1<<Code_value_bits)-1) /* Largest code value */
/* HALF AND QUARTER POINTS IN THE CODE VALUE RANGE. */
#define First_qtr (Top_value/4+1) /* Point after first quarter */
#define Half (2*First_qtr) /* Point after first half */
#define Third_qtr (3*First_qtr) /* Point after third quarter */
/* BIT INPUT ROUTINES. */
/* THE BIT BUFFER. */
int buffer; /* Bits waiting to be input */
int bits_to_go; /* Number of bits still in buffer */
int garbage_bits; /* Number of bits past end-of-file */
/* INITIALIZE BIT INPUT. */
void start_inputing_bits( void )
{ bits_to_go = 0; /* Buffer starts out with */
garbage_bits = 0; /* no bits in it. */
}
/* INPUT A BIT. */
inline int input_bit( void )
{ int t;
if (bits_to_go==0) { /* Read the next byte if no */
buffer = getc(stdin); /* bits are left in buffer. */
if (buffer==EOF) {
garbage_bits += 1; /* Return arbitrary bits*/
if (garbage_bits>Code_value_bits-2) { /* after eof, but check */
fprintf(stderr,"Bad input file\n"); /* for too many such. */
exit(-1);
}
}
bits_to_go = 8;
}
t = buffer&1; /* Return the next bit from */
buffer >>= 1; /* the bottom of the byte. */
bits_to_go -= 1;
return t;
}
void start_model( void );
void start_decoding( void );
int decode_symbol( int cum_freq[] );
void update_model( int symbol );
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
int ticker = 0;
fprintf( stderr, "Arithmetic decoding on " );
if ( argc > 1 ) {
freopen( argv[ 1 ], "rb", stdin );
fprintf( stderr, "%s", argv[ 1 ] );
} else
fprintf( stderr, "stdin" );
fprintf( stderr, " to " );
if ( argc > 2 ) {
freopen( argv[ 2 ], "wb", stdout );
fprintf( stderr, "%s", argv[ 2 ] );
} else
fprintf( stderr, "stdout" );
fprintf( stderr, "\n" );
#if !defined( unix )
setmode( fileno( stdin ), O_BINARY );
setmode( fileno( stdout ), O_BINARY );
#endif
start_model(); /* Set up other modules. */
start_inputing_bits();
start_decoding();
for (;;) { /* Loop through characters. */
int ch; int symbol;
symbol = decode_symbol(cum_freq); /* Decode next symbol. */
if (symbol==EOF_symbol) break; /* Exit loop if EOF symbol. */
ch = index_to_char[symbol]; /* Translate to a character.*/
if ( ( ticker++ % 1024 ) == 0 )
putc( '.', stderr );
putc((char) ch,stdout); /* Write that character. */
update_model(symbol); /* Update the model. */
}
putc( '\n', stderr );
return 1;
}
/* ARITHMETIC DECODING ALGORITHM. */
/* CURRENT STATE OF THE DECODING. */
static code_value value; /* Currently-seen code value */
static code_value low, high; /* Ends of current code region */
/* START DECODING A STREAM OF SYMBOLS. */
void start_decoding( void )
{ int i;
value = 0; /* Input bits to fill the */
for (i = 1; i<=Code_value_bits; i++) { /* code value. */
value = 2*value+input_bit();
}
low = 0; /* Full code range. */
high = Top_value;
}
/* DECODE THE NEXT SYMBOL. */
int decode_symbol( int cum_freq[] )
{ long range; /* Size of current code region */
int cum; /* Cumulative frequency calculated */
int symbol; /* Symbol decoded */
range = (long)(high-low)+1;
cum = (int) /* Find cum freq for value. */
((((long)(value-low)+1)*cum_freq[0]-1)/range);
for (symbol = 1; cum_freq[symbol]>cum; symbol++) ; /* Then find symbol. */
high = low + /* Narrow the code region */
(range*cum_freq[symbol-1])/cum_freq[0]-1; /* to that allotted to this */
low = low + /* symbol. */
(range*cum_freq[symbol])/cum_freq[0];
for (;;) { /* Loop to get rid of bits. */
if (high<Half) {
/* nothing */ /* Expand low half. */
}
else if (low>=Half) { /* Expand high half. */
value -= Half;
low -= Half; /* Subtract offset to top. */
high -= Half;
}
else if (low>=First_qtr /* Expand middle half. */
&& high<Third_qtr) {
value -= First_qtr;
low -= First_qtr; /* Subtract offset to middle*/
high -= First_qtr;
}
else break; /* Otherwise exit loop. */
low = 2*low;
high = 2*high+1; /* Scale up code range. */
value = 2*value+input_bit(); /* Move in next input bit. */
}
return symbol;
}
/* THE ADAPTIVE SOURCE MODEL */
/* INITIALIZE THE MODEL. */
void start_model( void )
{ int i;
for (i = 0; i<No_of_chars; i++) { /* Set up tables that */
char_to_index[i] = i+1; /* translate between symbol */
index_to_char[i+1] = (unsigned char) i; /* indexes and characters. */
}
for (i = 0; i<=No_of_symbols; i++) { /* Set up initial frequency */
freq[i] = 1; /* counts to be one for all */
cum_freq[i] = No_of_symbols-i; /* symbols. */
}
freq[0] = 0; /* Freq[0] must not be the */
} /* same as freq[1]. */
/* UPDATE THE MODEL TO ACCOUNT FOR A NEW SYMBOL. */
void update_model( int symbol )
{ int i; /* New index for symbol */
if (cum_freq[0]==Max_frequency) { /* See if frequency counts */
int cum; /* are at their maximum. */
cum = 0;
for (i = No_of_symbols; i>=0; i--) { /* If so, halve all the */
freq[i] = (freq[i]+1)/2; /* counts (keeping them */
cum_freq[i] = cum; /* non-zero). */
cum += freq[i];
}
}
for (i = symbol; freq[i]==freq[i-1]; i--) ; /* Find symbol's new index. */
if (i<symbol) {
int ch_i, ch_symbol;
ch_i = index_to_char[i]; /* Update the translation */
ch_symbol = index_to_char[symbol]; /* tables if the symbol has */
index_to_char[i] = (unsigned char) ch_symbol; /* moved. */
index_to_char[symbol] = (unsigned char) ch_i;
char_to_index[ch_i] = symbol;
char_to_index[ch_symbol] = i;
}
freq[i] += 1; /* Increment the frequency */
while (i>0) { /* count for the symbol and */
i -= 1; /* update the cumulative */
cum_freq[i] += 1; /* frequencies. */
}
}