|RConstitution:|N Republic. Communist one-party state.
|RNational holiday:|N People's Revolution Day, July 11.
|RNature and climate:|N Mountainous in the north, where the many chains form a natural border to Russia. Highest peak, Munku-Sardyk, reaches 3491 m.a.s.l. The rest of the country are vast billowing plains in the arid south a part of the Gobi desert, and between the desert and the mountains vast grasslands. There are many saltlakes.
Continental climate with an average temperature of -26°C in January and +16°C in July.
Percipitation about 200 mm.
|RPeople:|N 90% Mongols. Many are nomads.
|REconomy:|N 52% of the labour force is occupied in agriculture and 10% in manufacturing.
Stockraizing, sheep, goats, horses, camels and cattle is the most important industry and many people still live a nomad life.
Most important crops are wheat, oats and barley.
Mongolia have lots of minerals, most important are coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, gold, tin and some oil.
With help from Russia and the Eastern European countries, Mongolian manufacturing has been developed from the 1970:s. Most of this manufacturing is aimed at developing the domestic reserves.
|RHistory:|N Mongolia is one of the world's oldest countries. It was the homeland of the historic Mongols.
Under Kublai Khan, Genghis Khan, the Mongols conquered China and vast areas to the west, where the empire during the 13th century covered Hungary and Poland.
The empire was dissolved in the mid of the 14th century and in 1691 China conquered the whole area.
During the Chinese revolution in 1911 Mongolia declared independence and in 1920 a Mongolian communist regime was established with help from Russia.
In the late 1980:s there were widespread demonstrations calling for human rights and religious freedom and in 1990 the communist party voted to give up its constitutional power.
Free democratic elections were held in 1992 and the former communist party won an overwhelming majority.
