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GAKUSEI
Japanese language tutorial
version 1.0
Copyright (C) 1992 Barham Software. All rights reserved.
Portions copyright LifeBoat Software.
Portions copyright Pete I. Kvitek.
Portions copyright Pacific Data Works.
Demo II is a trademark of LifeBoat Software.
Dan Bricklin's is a registered trademark of Daniel Bricklin.
************************************************************************
*** ***
*** THIS FILE IS A SIMPLE ASCII VERSION OF THE GAKUSEI USER'S GUIDE. ***
*** REGISTERED USERS WILL RECEIVE A BEAUTIFULLY FORMATTED ***
*** AND INDEXED VERSION. (Or, print the file GAKUSEI.DOC ***
*** if you have Microsoft Word for Windows 2.0.) ***
*** ***
************************************************************************
We welcome your suggestions! Please send any questions or comments to:
Barham Software
15507 S. Normandie Ave. #245
Gardena, CA 90247-4028
CompuServe: 70700,2225
Internet: 70700.2225@CompuServe.com
Phone: USA: 1-800-RAN-EASY (1-800-726-3279)
outside USA: 1-310-327-4862
Gakusei is implemented by: Susan J. Barretta and Bruce A. Hamilton
-1-
DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT
Users of Gakusei must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
"Gakusei is supplied as is. Barham Software (the author)
disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without
limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any
purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages, direct or
consequential, which may result from the use of Gakusei ."
Gakusei is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge
to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends,
but please do not give it away altered or as part of another
system. The essence of "user-supported" software is to provide
personal computer users with quality software without high
prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to continue
to develop new products. If you find this program useful and find
that you are using Gakusei and continue to use Gakusei after a
reasonable trial period, you must make a registration payment of
$40 to Barham Software. You will be sent additional lessons
when your payment is received.
The $40 registration fee will license one copy for use on any one
computer at any one time. You must treat this software just like
a book. An example is that this software may be used by any
number of people and may be freely moved from one computer
location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being
used at one location while it's being used at another; just as a
book cannot be read by two different persons at the same time.
Commercial users of Gakusei must register and pay for their
copies of Gakusei within 30 days of first use or their license is
withdrawn. Site-License arrangements may be made by
contacting Barham Software.
Anyone distributing Gakusei for any kind of remuneration must
first contact Barham Software at the address above for
authorization. This authorization will be automatically granted to
distributors recognized by the Association of Shareware
Professionals (ASP) as adhering to its guidelines for shareware
distributors, and such distributors may begin offering Gakusei
immediately. (However, Barham Software must still be advised
so that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with the latest
version of Gakusei .)
You are encouraged to pass a demonstration copy of Gakusei
along to your friends for evaluation. Please encourage them to
register their copy if they find that they can use it. All registered
users will receive a copy of the latest version of the Gakusei
system.
-2-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 4
2. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 7
3. INSTALLATION 8
4. STARTING THE TUTORIAL 9
5. BROWSER 10
6. LESSONS 12
7. EXERCISES 15
8. DICTIONARY 19
9. LESSON GLOSSARY 23
10. JAPANESE KEYBOARD 24
11. PRINTING 25
12. EXITING THE TUTORIAL 29
13. CUSTOMIZING THE SYLLABUS 30
14. TROUBLESHOOTING 31
15. PLANNED FIXES AND UPGRADES IN FUTURE RELEASES 35
16. PRODUCT INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION 36
Appendix A: TEXTBOOK COMPATIBILITY CHART 38
Appendix B: PRINTER COMPATIBILITY CHART 41
Appendix C: SYLLABUS 42
GAKUSEI PRODUCT REGISTRATION FORM (cut out and mail) 43
-3-
1. INTRODUCTION
Gakusei is a Japanese language tutorial for the
IBM PC. It is designed to help serious Japanese
language students master the grammar and usage
typically taught in a first-year college-level
language course.
In contrast to other Japanese computer-based
learning systems which present lessons as
"situations", Gakusei presents grammatical
patterns and makes them easy to find through
extensive cross referencing. You should be able
to quickly locate them in the tutorial, learn to use
them, then get on with the business of learning the
subtleties and nuances of Japanese language and
culture which cannot so easily be reduced to such
simple "formulas".
A student who uses this product will become
familiar with reading Hiragana and Katakana
display and using the Hiragana and Katakana
keyboards. Rather than select a numbered choice
to a question in the exercises, the student can
respond to a question by typing Japanese
characters.
Gakusei is supposed to save you time. If you
can't remember the potential form of "kuru" and
can't find it in your textbook, don't waste time
searching for that elusive example. Use the
Gakusei dictionary to expand "kuru" for you. Do
you need help with a difficult sentence pattern?
Browse the lessons or search the lesson glossary
to find the references to Gakusei lessons that can
show you examples.
Gakusei is designed to be expandable, so more
lessons can be added.
Last but not least, Gakusei is intended to be
affordable! The ability to type, view, and print
Japanese characters need not cost hundreds of
dollars. You do NOT need a keyboard specially
labeled with Japanese characters, or a CD-ROM
drive, or an adapter board, or a color VGA
monitor, or even a laser printer. Gakusei is
designed to run on relatively inexpensive PC
hardware. For further details, see section 2,
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS.
-4-
There are many things that Gakusei cannot do. It
cannot replace your Japanese language teacher
or class. It is not a Japanese word processor and
it does not provide automatic sentence translation.
It does not use dazzling audio-visual sound
effects. It does not teach stroke order for
characters or teach Kanji; to do so would mean to
add a graphics capability at considerable time and
expense. (We anticipate the addition of text-sized
reading and printing Kanji starting in the second
lesson set we produce. ) The print quality of the
fonts is not intended to match that of professional
desktop publishing systems. Gakusei does not
provide extensive historical, cultural, or
geographical information on Japan, except where
it is needed, for example, in teaching the verbs of
giving and receiving, or in teaching the various
ways of referring to family members, depending on
whether they are your own family members or
somebody else's family members.
And finally, Gakusei is not intended to be
complete. Gakusei is a new product and if you
use it and find you like it, it will grow!
FEATURE SUMMARY
Think of Gakusei as a reference book living on
your computer. When you first run Gakusei, you
come up in the Browser. The Browser serves as a
table of contents to the Lessons. Each lesson
contains several screens covering a particular
grammatical topic. At the end of each lesson is an
Exercise to review the material just taught. From
within the lessons and exercises, you can access
the Dictionary to look up translations of both
Japanese and English words, and the Lesson
Glossary to look up any grammatical topic
covered in Gakusei. By viewing the answer box
in the exercises, students can compare their
exercise responses against the tutorial answers.
In addition to these "book" properties, Gakusei
contains online help, Hiragana and Katakana
syllabary reference screens and keyboard layout
screens, and a print utility which lets you print
lesson and exercise pages with Japanese
characters.
-5-
ROMANIZED JAPANESE
Gakusei uses the conventions listed below in its
presentation of Romanized Japanese. These
conventions may differ from those of your textbook
or dictionary:
Long vowels are represented with doubled
vowels. Some learning aids use a long
bar over a vowel to represent a long
vowel.
The syllables starting with t are spelled as
ta, chi, tsu, te to. Some learning aids use
ta, ti, tu, te, to.
The syllables starting with s are spelled as
sa, shi, su, se, so. Some learning aids
use sa, si, su, se, so.
The syllables starting with r are spelled as
ra, ri, ru, re, ro. Some learning aids use
la, li, lu, le, lo.
KEYBOARD LAYOUT
The Hiragana and Katakana keyboard layouts are
designed to match as closely as possible the
keyboard layouts on Japanese word processing
equipment.
You should note that the character for "mu" is
located on the += (plus, equal) key on the upper
right corner of the main keyboard. "-" for Katakana
long vowels is located on the :; (colon, semicolon)
key. For further information, read the section
KEYBOARD.
-6-
2. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Your IBM PC or compatible needs a minimum of
640 KB of memory, a hard disk with 1 Mb
available, and a monochrome display with an EGA
adapter or VGA /SVGA display and adapter. DOS
3.3 or later must be installed. If you have a CGA
adapter, this product is NOT compatible. If you
have a color VGA, great! VGA users will see color
highlights here and there where monochrome
users cannot. The product was originally designed
for monochrome display; a little bit of color was
added in places where it might be useful.
If you want to print lesson or exercise screens with
Japanese characters, you will need an Epson LQ
or compatible dot matrix printer with sufficient
memory, or an HPLJ or compatible laser printer.
Gakusei assumes that your printer is on port
LPT1, which is the configuration on most PCs.
Most dot matrix printer models require add-on
RAM memory in order to be able to handle the
Japanese character font that is downloaded to the
printer. Please read section 14,
TROUBLESHOOTING/Problems with Printing,
section 11, PRINTING, and APPENDIX A:
PRINTER COMPATIBILITY CHART, for more
details on printing hardware.
You can run Gakusei from Microsoft Windows in
DOS full-screen mode. The only difference in
operation is that in order to print a screen, using
the PrintScreen key is not sufficient. You must
use the Shift-PrintScreen key combination to
successfully print a screen.
-7-
3. INSTALLATION
Gakusei installation will create a directory
C:\GAKUSEI, if doesn't already exist. If the
directory already exists, all files in the directory
beforehand will be deleted and new files will be
installed. If you have your own modified files in
C:\GAKUSEI that you want to save, copy them to
a diskette or other directory before you start
installation!
Insert the installation diskette in the appropriate
diskette drive, then switch to that drive by typing
the drive letter followed by a colon(:).
If you inserted the installation diskette into drive
A:, type
C:\> A:
(switch to the A drive)
A:\> install
(start installation from the A drive)
If you inserted the installation diskette into drive
B:, type
C:\> B:
(switch to the B drive)
B:\> install
(start installation from the B drive)
Most (but not all) PCs and compatibles address
their 5.25" diskette drives as the A: drives, and
their 3.5" diskette drives as the B: drives.
Fortunately, the installation diskette size does not
depend on the installation drive letter, so if your
drives are reversed, you should still be able to
install Gakusei from an installation diskette of
either size.
You must run installation from the disk drive into
which you inserted the installation disk. If you try
running the installation directly from the hard disk,
(C:\> A:install ) you may see the following error
messages:
Bad command or file name
File not found
Proper installation will create the directory
C:\GAKUSEI if it does not exist. If an older
version of Gakusei is already installed, the older
files will automatically be overwritten. Installation
will load all of the tutorial files into this directory.
If you have a printer, you should read section 11,
PRINTING, before you proceed with starting the
tutorial.
-8-
4. STARTING THE TUTORIAL
From the command line, type the following:
C:\> cd gakusei
C:\gakusei> gakusei
As Gakusei starts, you will see a copyright notice
by Sage Software, Inc. for Dan Bricklin Demo II.
(Demo II is now a product of LifeBoat Software.)
This screen mentions the ability to abort the
program by typing CTRL-Break. Ignore this
possibility. If you exit Gakusei with CTRL-Break,
your computer's memory will be left fragmented,
and you may have to reboot in order to run
another large application. The only way you should
exit Gakusei is to follow the on screen prompts of
ESC, then END.
When you see the Sage copyright notice, press
the Enter key.
The screen will go blank for a moment as the
tutorial initializes. The first screen you will then
see is:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
|_ ____ ___ _____ _____ _ _ ___ _ __ __ ___ _____ _____|
|_ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ ___ _ __ __ _ _ |
|_ _____ _ _ _____ _____ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ ___ |
|_ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _____ _ _ |
|_ _ __ _ _ _____ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _____|
| |
| |
| WELCOME TO.... |
| |
| +----- +-----+ +----- +------ |
| | | | | / | | | | | |
| | ---- |-----| | / | | +-----+ +---- | |
| | | | | | \ | | | | | |
| +-----+ | | | \ +------+ -----+ +------ | |
| |
| |
| YOUR JAPANESE LANGUAGE TUTORIAL |
| |
| Press ENTER to begin... |
| |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 1. Welcome screen
"Irasshaimase" is a polite Japanese expression that means, "Welcome!"
When you press the Enter key, the next screen you will see is the browser.
-9-
5. BROWSER
The browser serves as a table of contents to the
lessons. A lesson is invoked by choosing it in the
browser.
The lesson browser is a tool created for the
student's convenience. The data file that it reads,
"syllabus", is designed to be modified with an
ordinary text editor and printed. See section 13,
CUSTOMIZING THE SYLLABUS.
EXAMINING THE LESSON CHOICES
After the browser has initialized, the lesson that
you see on the first line is either the very first
lesson in the syllabus, or the last lesson that you
viewed. If you are running Gakusei for the first
time, it will not have any previous "memory" of the
lesson that you most recently viewed, so the
browser starts with the first lesson listed in the
syllabus. For subsequent uses, Gakusei will
record a "bookmark" so that you will not have to
scroll down a list of lessons each time you use the
browser.
The Down-Arrow key will scroll the lessons
forward and the Up-Arrow key will scroll the
lessons backward.
CHOOSING A LESSON
The Enter key will select the lesson that is on the
first line of the browser. The first line is marked on
the right end by two left arrows. When you have
your lesson of choice positioned on the first line,
marked by two left arrows at the right end of the
line, you can start that lesson by pressing the
Enter key. You may invoke lessons in any order
and as many times as you want. The shareware
version comes with the first 6 lessons.
Gakusei will "remember" the most recent lesson
that you read or completed. Whenever you return
to the browser from a lesson, or exit and restart
Gakusei, the browser will position the lesson you
last read on the lesson selection line.
CONFIGURING YOUR PRINTER
If you wish to check your printer configuration,
press Shift-F7, then ESC or F7 to leave the
configuration screen. If you have just installed
Gakusei and you are running Gakusei for the first
time, now is a good time to set the configuration of
your printer. See section 11, PRINTING.
-10-
INITIALIZING YOUR PRINTER
To initialize your printer for Japanese character
printing, press F7. If your printer is not yet
configured, the printer configuration menu will
appear where you must choose a printer type.
See section 11, PRINTING.
PRINTING THE SYLLABUS
To get a printed copy of the syllabus which you
see in the browser, turn on your printer, and on
the computer keyboard, press F6. On some
computers, if there are printer drivers loaded
before starting Gakusei, a conflict may prevent the
syllabus from properly printing. If this is the case
on your system, you can get a printed copy of the
syllabus by exiting Gakusei back to DOS and
using DOS print or DOS copy to print the file
"syllabus".
C:\> cd c:\gakusei
C:\> copy syllabus lpt1
EXAMINING THE LESSON GLOSSARY
From the browser you can view the lesson
glossary. Press the F3 key to view the glossary.
Press F3 again or ESC when done.
LEAVING THE BROWSER
The ESC key will pop up the exit window. When
the exit window is open, pressing the End key will
make the tutorial return to DOS.
LESSON BROWSER
Lesson Lesson
Number Topic
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 Introduction to Hiragana I. < < |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 Introduction to Hiragana II.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3 Introduction to Katakana I. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 Introduction to Katakana II.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 Copula desu, dewa arimasen, desu ka. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 Major, minor, irregular verb categories. Dictionary forms. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
7 Nominal demonstratives for things. kore, sore, are. |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
^ Page Forward INPUT
F1 HELP ENTER Select Lesson V Page Backward Roomaji
Figure 2. Browser screen
-11-
6. LESSONS
Gakusei lessons are narrow in scope, limited to
one new concept if possible. A single chapter in a
textbook, on the other hand, may introduce six or
more new concepts.
Lesson order can be modified in the syllabus to
match the presentation in a classroom textbook.
See section 13, CUSTOMIZING THE SYLLABUS.
Lessons 1 and 2 introduce Hiragana, and lessons
3 and 4 introduce Katakana. Lesson 5 starts
basic grammar with the introduction of the copula
DESU. The lessons use a mixture of Roomaji and
Hiragana/Katakana in its presentations.
If you are running the shareware version of this
product, you have the first six lessons.
When you see a lesson that is of interest to you,
position the lesson so that it appears on the first
line of the browser, which has the two left arrows
on the right end of the line. When you press the
Enter key, you will start the lesson.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|LESSON 5 <A> WA <B> DESU PAGE 8|
| |
| <A> WA <B> DEWA ARIMASEN |
| |
| <A> WA <B> DESU KA? |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| | KA turns the sentence into| |
| | a question of the form | |
| | <B> IS <A>? or | |
| | IS <B> <A>? | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| INPUT |
|F1 HELP ESC QUIT BACKSPACE view previous page ENTER to continue Roomaji|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3. Sample Lesson Page
Notice that this typical lesson page has indications
for the lesson number in the upper left corner, the
lesson subject in the top center, and the lesson
page number at the upper right. In addition, there
are indications at the bottom of the screen for
help, quit, next activity, and the character input
mode.
-12-
Some lessons run short animation sequences. In
those brief time intervals during which the
animations run, key presses will be ignored.
HELP
When you press F1, a help screen appears. The
help screen contains a condensed version of the
information in this document. The help screen
disappears when you press F1 again or ESC.
GO TO BEGINNING OF LESSON
From any page in the lesson, you can return to the
beginning of that lesson by pressing Home.
GO TO END OF LESSON
From any page in the lesson, you can skip to the
end of the lesson by pressing End.
VIEW NEXT PAGE
To view the next page of a lesson, or see the next
part of an animation, press Enter or Page Down.
VIEW PREVIOUS PAGE
To view the previous page of a lesson, press
Backspace or Page Up.
USE DICTIONARY
You can access the dictionary by pressing F2.
When you are done with the dictionary and want to
return to the lesson, press F2 again.
VIEW LESSON GLOSSARY
Press F3 to view the lesson glossary. Use Page
Up key to page ahead in the lesson glossary; use
Page Down key to page backwards. Press F3
again or ESC to leave the lesson glossary and
return to the lesson.
VIEW SYLLABARY CHARTS
Press F4 to view the Hiragana and Katakana
charts. Page through the charts using Enter or
Page Down. Press F4 again or ESC to turn off
the syllabary help charts and resume the lesson.
CONFIGURE OR INITIALIZE PRINTER
To review the existing printer configuration, press
Shift-F7. If the printer is already configured, turn
on the printer, then on the computer keyboard,
press F7 to initialize it. See section 11,
PRINTING.
-13-
SKIP TO EXERCISE
If you don't want to read the lesson, but just skip
ahead to the exercise, press the End key, then
Enter.
END OF THE LESSON
The last page or last two pages will summarize the
concepts presented in the lesson and any
vocabulary that was introduced. A "LAST PAGE"
indicator blinks in the upper right corner of the
display to indicate that the lesson is complete.
When you are viewing the lesson page with the
"LAST PAGE" indicator, you will start an exercise
when you next press the Enter key. Once you
start the exercise, you cannot return directly to the
lesson.
LEAVE THE LESSON
You may leave the lesson at any time by pressing
the ESC key, then End key. When you leave the
lesson you will return to the browser.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|LESSON 5 LESSON SUMMARY PAGE 21 |
| |
| You have learned the basic usage of the Copula LAST PAGE|
| DESU in simple sentence predicates. In addition, |
| you have learned the following words: |
| |
| |
|+-----------------------+ +-------------+ +----------------------------+|
|| | | ADJECTIVE | | NOMINAL DEMONSTRATIVE ||
|| NOUNS | | | | ||
|| | | shiroi | | kore ||
|| jisho gakkoo uchi | | | | ||
|| | +-------------+ +----------------------------+|
|| chuugakkoo jidoosha | +----------------------------+ +-----------+ |
|| | | | | | |
|| gakusei hon | | POSTPOSITIONS | | PRONOUN | |
|| | | | | | |
|+-----------------------+ | wa ka | | watashi | |
| | | | | |
| +----------------------------+ +-----------+ |
| |
| Hit the ENTER key to start an exercise: |
| |
| INPUT |
|F1 HELP ESC QUIT BACKSPACE view previous page ENTER to continue Roomaji|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4. Sample Lesson Summary
-14-
7. EXERCISES
An exercise is started when you've reached the
last page of a lesson and you press the Enter key
again. Once an exercise is started, you cannot go
directly back to the lesson. To go back to the
lesson, you would leave the exercise, and choose
the lesson again from the browser.
The exercises are short drills designed to give you
vocabulary and grammar practice and allow you to
practice using the Hiragana and Katakana
keyboards. They are designed to reinforce what
was in the lesson.
Currently there is no feature to save exercise work
to file and reload it at a later time. When you
leave the exercise, your work is not saved.
Typically, a 'multiple-character-mode' exercise will
have you type responses in Roomaji in the first
column; in the second column you will need to use
F10 to select Hiragana or Katakana mode.
A highlight bar will appear on the display where
the exercise expects input. A highlight bar will
remain on any field that you typed in or passed
over. A new highlight bar will appear wherever
you advance the active input field.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TEST 6 Given a verb ending, fill in the STEM of the Page 3|
| minor verb that will match the meaning that is |
| indicated. Then type the entire verb form in |
| Hiragana. Use F5 to view the keyboard picture. |
| |
| example: Use Hiragana input here |
| | |
| while eating tabenagara <---------+ |
| |
| let's borrow ____mashoo ___________ |
| please look at __te kudasai ___________ |
| |
| while seeing __nagara ___________ |
| open it ___nasai ___________ |
| |
| to close _____ru ___________ |
| to rent ____ru ___________ |
| |
| do not eat ____nai ___________ |
| able to open ___rareru ___________ F10 Input Mode|
| |
| LAST ITEM INPUT |
|F1 HELP ESC QUIT F4 SYLLABARY F5 KEYBOARD F8 ANSWER Hiragana|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5. Sample Exercise Screen
-15-
HELP
When you press F1, a help screen appears. The
help screen contains a condensed version of the
information in this document. The help screen
disappears when you press F1 again or ESC.
EXERCISE EDITING OPERATIONS
MOVE TO NEXT FILL-IN QUESTION
Press the Enter key or Tab key to advance
to the next fill-in question. As you keep
hitting an advance key, the exercise will
automatically move the cursor to the
beginning of the next question.
After you fill in the last exercise field on a
page, pressing Enter will turn to the next
page in the exercise. When you have
reached the last field in the exercise and
press Enter again, you will hear a 'thud'.
MOVE TO NEXT PAGE OF EXERCISE
If you have advanced to the last question on
a page, press Enter to move to the next
page.
MOVE TO TOP OF EXERCISE PAGE
If you have advanced to the last question on
a page, press Tab to circle back to the top of
the same page.
MOVE TO PREVIOUS FILL-IN QUESTION
If you find that you made a mistake in a
previous question, type Shift-Tab to move
back one question. Press Shift-Tab
repeatedly and you will backspace through
the fields. As you Shift-Tab through the
fields that you filled in, you will notice that the
highlight bars turn off. They will reappear
when you Enter or Tab over the fields again.
Your input is not altered until you move to a
field, erase your input with BackSpace and
retype it. Your input is not lost until you leave
the exercise and return to the Browser.
MOVE TO PREVIOUS EXERCISE PAGE
If you type Shift-Tab at the top of an
exercise page, you will return to the previous
page in the exercise. If you Shift-Tab all the
way back to the first field on the first page,
then type Shift-Tab again, you will hear a
'thud'.
-16-
PREVIEW / REVIEW EXERCISE PAGE
You can peek ahead to the next page of the
exercise by pressing the PageDown key, and
you can review the previous page of the
exercise by pressing the PageUp key. These
two keys do NOT move the active input field;
to move the active input field you must use
the Enter and Shift-Tab keys. A warning will
blink on the screen if you are viewing a page
that is different from the page where you last
typed input. If you press the PageDown key
and hear a 'thud', this means you have
reached the last page of that exercise. If you
press the PageUp key and hear the 'thud',
you have reached the first page.
VIEW ANSWER
You can check your answer against the
tutorial answer by pressing the F8 key. The
answer box that pops open will contain an
appropriate response to the current question
(the question at which you are typing input).
Close the answer box by pressing F8 again
or by pressing ESC. If you move along to
another question, the answer box does NOT
automatically update itself. You must
'refresh' the answer box by closing it, then
reopening it.
CHANGE INPUT CHARACTER SET
The F10 key toggles the input mode between
Roomaji, Hiragana, and Katakana in all parts
of the tutorial. You should leave the tutorial in
"Roomaji" mode unless an exercise
specifically asks for Hiragana or Katakana
input.
USE DICTIONARY
You can access the dictionary by pressing F2.
When you are done with the dictionary and want to
return to the exercise, press F2 again.
VIEW LESSON GLOSSARY
Press F3 to view the lesson glossary. Use Page
Up key to page ahead in the lesson glossary; use
Page Down key to page backwards. Press F3
again or ESC to leave the lesson glossary and
return to the exercise.
-17-
VIEW SYLLABARY CHARTS
Press F4 to view the Hiragana and Katakana
charts. Page through the charts using Enter or
Page Down. Press F4 again or ESC to turn off
the charts and resume the exercise.
VIEW KEYBOARD SCREENS
Press F5 to view the screens. Page through the
charts using Enter or Page Down. Press F5
again or ESC to turn off the charts and resume the
exercise.
CONFIGURE OR INITIALIZE PRINTER
To review the existing printer configuration, press
Shift-F7. If the printer is already configured, turn
on the printer, then press F7 to initialize it. See
section 11, PRINTING.
EXIT EXERCISE
Press ESC for the Exit Window. The exit window
that pops up will say to press the End key to exit
back to the browser. If you do not want to leave
the exercise at this point, press ESC again to
resume the exercise. If you want printed copies of
your work, be sure and print them out before you
leave the exercise. The exercise will exit back to
the lesson browser. If you forgot to reset the input
mode back to 'Roomaji', a reminder window will
appear on the browser screen, and you can reset
it in the browser.
-18-
8. DICTIONARY
The dictionary is a very powerful, timesaving tool.
The dictionary can look up words and conjugate
verbs and true adjectives. The search word must
be in dictionary form.
With the look up feature, the search word that you
enter can be either Japanese or English. You can
enter the Japanese word in either Roomaji or in
Hiragana (assuming that the word has been stored
in the dictionary with its Hiragana spelling). With
the conjugate feature you can view a matched
verb or adjective in many forms which use those
conjugations. You can even view the conjugations
of irregular verbs such as kuru and -suru.
The dictionary will display up to eighteen words
that match your search word.
CONVENTIONS USED IN THE DICTIONARY
Search words that have been found will appear in
the 'match' area of the display. Starting from the
left side of the display, a match record will list the
Japanese word in Roomaji, the word in Hiragana,
the English meaning, and the part of speech to
which the word belongs. These parts of speech
are listed here with how they are indicated in the
match area.
Noun Noun
True Adjective True Adjective
Adjectival Noun Adjectival Noun
Non-conjugating Verbs (-iru, -eru) Minor Vb
Conjugating Verbs ending in -tsu Major Vb 1 - TSU
Conjugating Verbs ending in -u Major Vb 1 - U
Conjugating Verbs ending in -ru Major Vb 1- RU
Conjugating Verbs ending in -nu,-mu,-bu Major Vb 2 - /N/M/BU
Conjugating Verbs ending in -ku Major Vb 3 - KU
Conjugating Verb -iku with irregular -TE form Major Vb 3 Irr -TE
Conjugating Verbs ending in -gu Major Vb 4 - GU
Conjugating Verbs ending in -su Major Vb 5 - SU
Chinese (suru) Verb Irreg Verb SURU
kuru Irreg Verb KURU
Past tense forms of verbs listed in the verb
conjugations are interchangably indicated with
PAST and PERFECT. Present tense verbs are
interchangably indicated with PRESENT and
IMPERFECT.
Affirmative forms of verbs listed in the
conjugations are interchangably indicated with A ,
AFF, and AFFIRMATIVE. Negative verbs are
interchangably indicated with N, NEG, and
NEGATIVE.
-19-
Many Chinese, or SURU verbs, can optionally be
represented with a direct object relational between
the noun portion and the SURU portion. The
convention used in Gakusei is to not use the
direct object representation.
benkyoo o suru Do not use this
form of the SURU verb for searching.
benkyoo suru Use this form of
the SURU verb for searching.
ACCESSING AND LEAVING THE DICTIONARY
You can access the dictionary from any lesson or
exercise by pressing the F2 key. When you are
finished with the dictionary, return to your lesson
or exercise by pressing F2 again.
HELP
When you press F1, a help screen appears. The
help screen contains a condensed version of the
information in this section. The help screen
disappears when you press F1 again or ESC.
CONFIGURE OR INITIALIZE PRINTER
To review the existing printer configuration, press
Shift-F7. If the printer is already configured, turn
on the printer, then press F7 to initialize it. See
section 11, PRINTING.
FINDING A WORD
The small bar near the top of the dictionary screen
is where your search word is entered and
displayed. You will see a blinking cursor next to
Word: on this word bar. You can now enter your
search word. When you press Enter, the
dictionary searches for matches. When it finds
any matches, the dictionary shows the matches in
the match area as shown:
Word: read
yomu to read
Major Vb 2 -/N/M/BU
If there is more than 1 match for the word, the first
match will be highlighted and the other matches
will appear beneath it. The tutorial will display a
maximum of 18 matches in the match area. If
more than 18 matches are found, Gakusei will
display the first 18 and display the message
More than 18 matches were found.
Please restrict your search.
appearing immediately below the search word
field.
-20-
CHOOSING A WORD
To choose a word, use the Up- and Down-Arrow
keys to scroll among the matches. Figure 6
shows a dictionary match area with "kaeru" as the
search word. (The Hiragana is not shown in the
match records.)
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Word: kaeru |
| |
| kaeru to change, convert, alter Minor Vb |
| |
| kaeru to return home, go back Major Vb 1 -RU |
| |
| kaeru frog Noun |
| |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6. Dictionary Returned Multiple Matches
After you have scrolled to your match choice,
press Enter.
EXPANDING A WORD
After you have chosen a dictionary match with the
Enter key, use the Enter or Page Down key to
view the conjugation of the word.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| yomu to read Major Vb 2 -/N/M/BU |
| |
| Word: yomu |
| |
| USAGES OF DICTIONARY FORM |
| |
| INTENTIONAL IMPERFECT INTENTIONAL PERFECT |
| |
|A yomu tsumori desu yomu tsumori deshita |
|N yomu tsumori dewa arimasen yomu tsumori dewa arimasen deshita |
| |
| POTENTIAL IMPERFECT POTENTIAL PERFECT |
| |
|A yomu koto ga dekimasu yomu koto ga dekimashita |
|N yomu koto ga dekimasen yomu koto ga dekimasen deshita |
| |
| AFF EXPECTATION IMPERFECT AFF EXPECTATION PERFECT IN ORDER TO |
| |
| yomu hazu desu yomu hazu deshita yomu tame ni |
| |
| NARA AFF CONDITIONAL SECONDHAND INFO PROBABLE FUTURE |
| |
| yomu nara yomu soo desu yomu deshoo |
| INPUT |
|F1 HELP F2 Return to lesson Page Up, Page Down Conjugate Selection Roomaji|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 7. Dictionary Form of Verb Expansion
-21-
STOPPING A WORD EXPANSION
When you are finished viewing the word
expansion, press ESC once to clear the expansion
from the display. The dictionary screen then
shows the dictionary matches for your last search
request. You can scroll and choose another
match at this point.
ENTERING ANOTHER SEARCH WORD
Press ESC again to clear the existing matches off
the display. At this point you can enter another
word in the word search bar.
-22-
9. LESSON GLOSSARY
If you want to know more about a specific
grammatical concept, or certain usage, search for
it in the lesson glossary. Finding more references
to a topic of interest will point you to the
appropriate lessons that cover that particular topic.
The lesson glossary is sparsely filled in version
1.0; as additional lesson sets are developed and
added to the tutorial, the lesson glossary will be
filled in accordingly.
SEARCHING THE GLOSSARY
Use the Enter or Page Down key to page forward
in the lesson glossary. Use Backspace and Page
Up to page backward.
PRINTING THE GLOSSARY
To print out a copy of the lesson glossary, make
sure your printer is already turned on, then press
the F6 key . If conflicting printer drivers are
loaded prior to running Gakusei, using the F6 key
may not work. If this is the case on your system,
you can get a printed copy of the lesson glossary
by exiting Gakusei back to DOS and using DOS
print or DOS copy to print the file "topic.ind".
C:\> cd c:\gakusei
C:\> copy topic.ind lpt1
LEAVE THE GLOSSARY
Press F3 again or ESC to leave the lesson
glossary.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| TOPIC LESSON |
| |
| INTERROGATIVE NOUNS 7,8,10,13,16,19 |
| -dare 16 |
| -doko 11,19 |
| -dono 13 |
| -dore 8 |
| -nan 7,8 |
| -nani 12 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 8. Lesson Glossary
-23-
10. JAPANESE KEYBOARD
Within the exercises, it is possible to type
Roomaji, Hiragana, or Katakana characters. The
tutorial maintains an indicator in the lower right
corner of the display that tells you which character
set is the "active" input character set. You can
switch between the Roomaji, Hiragana, and
Katakana character sets by pressing F10. The
tutorial initializes with "Roomaji"; if you keep
pressing F10 you will see the indicator change to
"Hiragana", "Katakana", then back to "Roomaji".
The keyboard should remain in Roomaji mode
until an exercise asks you to type your answers in
Hiragana or Katakana. At that time it is
appropriate to switch the input mode by pressing
F10. Whenever you need to see pictures of the
keyboards, press F5.
To type a 2-dotted voiced Japanese character,
type <char>, R-Shift-<char>. To type a 1-circle
character, type <char>, L-Shift-<char>. To type a
subscript character, type <ALT>-<subscript char>.
The subscript chars are: 'tsu', 'ya', 'yu', and 'yo'.
Katakana has additional subscripts 'a', 'i', 'u', 'e',
and 'o'. To type a Katakana long vowel symbol,
press <ALT>-<;> (ALT + semicolon/colon key).
examples:
word: in Hiragana input mode, you would type:
jitensha d , Right-Shift d , w , y , d , ALT 6
kekkon ' (comma/quote key), ALT z , b , y
juppun d , Right-Shift d , ALT 7 , ALT z , 1 , Left-Shift , y
in Katakana input mode, you would type:
koohii b , ALT ; , v, ALT ;
fasshon 1 , ALT 2 , ALT z , d , ALT 8 , y
cheen a , ALT 3 , ALT ; , y
-24-
11. PRINTING
Gakusei is designed to be used with Epson LQ
compatible dot matrix printers and with HPLJ 2
compatible laser printers. Gakusei assumes that
your printer port is LPT1. Most dot matrix printers
need add-on memory in order to be able to use
the downloaded Japanese font. If you have a dot-
matrix printer, check the glossary of your printer
manual under "buffer", "RAM", or "download font".
Before you try any printing with Gakusei, it is
important that the printing hardware currently on
your system is checked out, and that your printer
is configured correctly. Read section 14,
TROUBLESHOOTING, Problems with Printing,
before you continue. After you have checked out
your printing hardware, read the following section,
Settings on your Printer.
SETTINGS ON YOUR PRINTER
You will need to make sure that the dip switches
or menu settings on your printer are configured to
accept Gakusei's Japanese character download
font.
DOT MATRIX PRINTERS (EPSON-LQ AND
COMPATIBLES)
Make sure that your dip switches or menu settings
are configured as follows:
-- Epson escape sequences (may be called
"standard mode" in your printer manual)
-- printer RAM is set as a download buffer, not
input buffer
-- Character table type is set for graphics, not
italics
-- character set mode is U.S.A.
-- LQ font selection
example: Star-Micronics NX-2420 Rainbow printer required settings are:
A-1 emulation ON (standard mode is Epson)
A-2 RAM Usage OFF (sets RAM as download buffer)
D-1 character table ON (graphics character mode)
D-2-4 character set ON ON ON (USA character set)
E-1-4 Tms-Roman ON ON ON ON (Times-Roman LQ font selection)
A valid printer configuration sheet would like this:
CURRENT EDS SETTINGS
Bank A B C D E
Switch 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
ON * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
OFF * * *
Star-Micronics NX-2420 Rainbow does not need add-on memory.
-25-
example: Panasonic KPX-1123 printer required settings are:
R1 R2 R3 COLUMN:
ON OFF OFF C2 (mode is Epson graphic)
ON ON OFF C2 (Courier font selection)
OFF ON OFF C1 (USA character set)
BLINK OFF OFF C1 (download buffer enabled) *
* Panasonic KPX-1123 needs a 32K add-on memory chip
A valid printer configuration sheet would look like this:
INITIAL SETUP condition
* Emulation mode : LQ-850 Graphic
* Default font : Courier
* Int'l char set : USA
* Download buffer : Enable
* Cut sheet feeder : OFF
* Buzzer sound : ON
* Zero font : 0
* Alt. Graphic Mode : OFF
* Data length : 8
* Image direction : Uni-direction
* Skip perforation : OFF
* Automatic LF : OFF
* Automatic CR : OFF
* P.O detector : ON
LQ-850 is a trademark of EPSON America, Inc.
LASER PRINTERS (HPLJ 2 AND COMPATIBLES)
For HPLJ2 compatible users, check the following
settings on your laser printer:
* HPLJ2 emulation mode
* at least .5 MB RAM
No additional printer menu setup should be
required.
CHOOSING A PRINTER TYPE
By this time, you should have checked out your
printing hardware, and configured your printer with
the settings that Gakusei needs. Now you must
let Gakusei know what printer type you want to
use.
If Gakusei is not running on your PC, go ahead
and start the tutorial (section 4). Start the printer
setup menu by pressing Shift-F7. If you have a
dot-matrix printer, you will want to select Epson
LQ or compatible in the printer setup menu. If
you have a laser printer, you will probably want to
select HPLJ or compatible, although some laser
printers emulate Epson escape sequences.
-26-
Your computer may hang, or your printer could
start spewing paper if you configure the wrong
type of printer. To recover from such a situation,
turn off your printer. When control returns to the
tutorial, turn the printer back on and reconfigure by
typing Shift-F7.
VIEWING YOUR PRINTER SETUP
If you want to check your choice of printer, press
Shift-F7. A highlight bar will appear across your
choice. After a new installation, but before you
have chosen a printer type, the highlight bar will
appear across the printer type None. Use the Up-
Arrow or Down-Arrow key to scroll to a printer
type. Press Enter to save the selection. Press F7
or ESC to exit the printer setup menu.
INITIALIZING THE PRINTER
When Gakusei is first installed, it assumes that
you do not have a printer. If you press F7 for the
first printer initialization, and you have forgotten to
specify a printer type, Gakusei will know that you
have not chosen a printer type and will ask you to
choose a printer in the printer setup menu. Your
choice of printer will be saved. See "Viewing
your printer setup".
Make sure that your printer is turned on and that it
is properly connected. Give a laser printer
adequate time to "warm up". Press the F7 key to
initialize the printer with the Japanese character
font.
A printer choice reminder will pop up on the
screen after you press F7. Press F7 again to
proceed with initialization of the printer, or press
ESC to cancel printer initialization.
The initialization may take a while on some laser
printer models. Be patient and expect to wait
several seconds before the tutorial screen returns.
Your computer may hang, or your printer could
start spewing paper if you configure the wrong
type of printer. To recover from such a situation,
turn off your printer. When control returns to the
tutorial, turn the printer back on and reconfigure by
typing Shift-F7.
There should be an audible beep when
initialization is complete.
If your printer is not turned on when you press F7,
you may see the DOS prompt,
Write fault error writing device LPT1
Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail? >
-27-
If you cannot turn on the printer for any reason,
type A to abort. If your printer is available, turn it
on and type R to retry. The tutorial will continue
where it left off.
PRINTING A LESSON OR EXERCISE PAGE
After the printer has been properly initialized,
press the PrintScreen key to get a screen dump
of the current lesson or exercise screen visible on
your display. If you are running Gakusei from
DOS full-screen mode in Windows, you must
press Shift-PrintScreen to print the display.
If you forget to initialize your printer before you
use PrintScreen, you will see IBM Graphics
characters appear on your output where Japanese
characters would normally appear.
Browser and lesson glossary screens should
not be printed out with PrintScreen; if you
wish to print the information in the browser or
lesson glossary, use the F6 key to do so.
There are times when a user may switch to using
a different type of printer. If you've already
configured this tutorial to print, say, Epson LQ,
and you've switched to a printer that prints HPLJ
2, you can reconfigure the tutorial to use the new
printer.
Turn on your new printer and make sure it is
properly connected. From Gakusei, press Shift-
F7. This action will bring up the printer setup
utility. You can now select the HPLJ printer type
from this menu. Your selection, as before, will be
saved.
-28-
12. EXITING THE TUTORIAL
If you are in a lesson or exercise, the exit function
will return you to the browser. Leave the lesson or
exercise by pressing ESC, then End. If you are in
the browser, you exit Gakusei, back to DOS, by
pressing the same keys: ESC, then End.
If you are leaving from an exercise, be sure to
print the work you want to be printed before you
exit. (See section 11, PRINTING.)
Do NOT use Control-Break to exit the tutorial.
This may cause a hang or other strange results.
-29-
13. CUSTOMIZING THE SYLLABUS
Your teacher may want you to follow a certain
lesson sequence that matches the sequence in
your class textbook. Modifying the syllabus is
something that may be best left to your teacher.
The Gakusei syllabus can be edited with an
ordinary text editor. Before the file is edited, save
a copy of the original syllabus. As you edit, be
sure that your modifications adhere to the original
file format:
-- no blank lines
-- lesson number appears in columns 1-3
-- lesson description appears starting in column 7
-- one line per lesson number-description pair
You may move ENTIRE lines. Do NOT alter the
contents of a line. Failure to follow these
guidelines will produce unpredictable results.
Put the edited file 'syllabus' back in the directory
where you installed Gakusei. The modified
syllabus will be read the next time you use
Gakusei.
The following table shows how sample chapters
out of Japanese textbooks might be matched to
Gakusei lessons. See Appendix A for more
information.
Sample Text: Chapter: Match with Gakusei lessons:
Colloquial Japanese 2 5, 7, 8, 13
(Inamoto) 3 4, 19, 30
4 8, 12, 21
8 6, 10, 16
Modern Japanese 1 5
(Han) 3 5, 7
4 13
7 15, 80
Learn Japanese 2 1, 2, 3, 4
(Young,Nakajima-Okano) 3 9, 12, 16
-30-
14. TROUBLESHOOTING
PROBLEMS WITH THE DISPLAY
-- Japanese characters appear on the display as
IBM graphics characters:
* Do you have a monochrome monitor with EGA
adapter or VGA monitor with EGA or VGA
adapter? If you do but the problem persists,
please contact us.
-- Screens appear dark:
* Some VGA/SVGA adapters configured as
EGA/monochrome do not "emulate" this
configuration well. A true EGA adapter and
monochrome display deal with the screen contrast
correctly. If you have a VGA/SVGA adapter,
configure it as EGA/color or leave it in its "natural"
VGA state.
PROBLEMS WITH THE KEYBOARD
-- Character set indicator does not match what I
am typing:
* There are some rare places in the tutorial where
pressing the F10 key at the wrong time could
potentially get the character set mode "out of
sync". If this should occur, the best thing to do is
exit the tutorial and enter it again. As long as you
follow the general guideline to leave the character
set mode as "Roomaji" until an exercise requests
a different mode, you will not experience this
problem.
-31-
PROBLEMS WITH PRINTING
CHECKING OUT NEW PRINTING HARDWARE
Please make sure that your printer, printer cable,
and I/O board components are in good working
order before trying to print from Gakusei. In other
words, if any component has not previously been
used or is untested, you should verify that it works
before trying to print from Gakusei.
In particular, if you have any new components,
please verify the following on your system:
1) The printer cable has a 25-pin connector
at one end. The I/O connector on the PC has 25
holes.
2) The printer cable has a solid "wedge" at
one end. The I/O connector on the printer has a
slot into which the wedge will fit.
3) The printer is configured with factory
defaults. You will eventually reconfigure the
printer, but for now, test it with the factory
defaults. Check your printer manual for
information on how to reset your printer
with factory defaults.
Each time you complete attaching a cable and a
printer to your PC, you will perform a Print Screen
test:
1) Turn on your printer.
2) Turn on the PC; there should be a slight
audible noise as the PC resets the printer.
3) When the PC has completed booting,
make sure there is no application running, and
make sure that a DOS prompt (e.g., C:\>)
is available.
4) Press the Enter key a few times.
5) Press the Print Screen key.
6) The printer should print out a copy of what
appears on the screen of your PC.
Refer to this chart while fault-isolating a printing
problem. The basic idea is to keep trying different
components until DOS print screen works. If your
system has a mixture of new and old components,
it is probably safe to assume a new component is
not working until you prove otherwise.
-32-
PRINTER
CABLE
I/O BOARD
ACTIONS TO TRY
1
new
new
new
Do the Print Screen test. If it succeeds, go to 6. If it fails, make
sure the I/O board is correctly jumpered. (Usually you do not
have to change jumpers.) Make sure the board is seated tightly
inside the PC. You must lean hard on the board as you push it
into the adapter slot. Reattach the cable and printer. Repeat
the test. If it fails, go to 2; otherwise, go to 6.
2
new
used
new
Substitute a different cable for the new cable. Preferably, it
should be a known working cable. Do the Print Screen test. If it
succeeds, then there is something wrong with the original cable.
Use the working cable, and go to 6. If the test fails, go to 3.
3
used
used
new
Substitute a known working printer for the new untested printer.
Attach the working printer to the used cable. Do the Print
Screen test. If it succeeds, then there is something wrong with
the new untested printer or how its parallel interface is set up.
Refer to your new printer manual or contact your new printer
vendor. If the test fails, then there may be something wrong
with your I/O board. Go to 4.
4
used
used
used
Take the known working printer and used cable to a different
PC, preferably, one that is known to have previously worked
with a printer. Attach the cable and printer to the alternate PC.
Do the Print Screen test. If it succeeds, there is a high
probability that there is something wrong with the I/O board in
the original PC. Replace that board. If the test failed, go to 5.
5
used
used
used
The DOS Print Screen function works on any PC that is
correctly connected to a printer. If it is not working on your PC,
ask your local PC expert to look at your system.
6
Once the DOS Print Screen function has succeeded, you have
verified that your printing hardware works. At this point, you
may now configure your printer with the required settings for
Gakusei.
-33-
OTHER PRINTING PROBLEMS
-- Japanese characters do not print; English letter
output looks OK but instead of printing Japanese
characters, IBM graphic characters are printed.
1) The most likely cause of this problem is
that you forgot to initialize your printer by pressing
the F7 key.
2) On some printer models, this problem will
occur if the printer does not have the extra
memory installed to accept the F7 key font
initialization.
-- Printer starts spewing out paper after pressing
the F7 key.
1) Immediately turn off the printer. Control
should return to the tutorial.
2) In Gakusei, type Shift-F7 to return to the
Gakusei printer setup menu, and verify your
choice of printer. Make sure the choice is
correct. If it is, exit Gakusei back to DOS.
3) Verify that the configuration settings on
your printer are correct. In particular, verify that
the printer mode is Epson, not IBM, and
verify that the buffer mode is set for download.
4) Verify that your printer has sufficient RAM
memory to download a font. Check your printer
manual. Most dot matrix models come with
only 8K of memory. Even if your configuration
sheet indicates that your download buffer is
enabled, this is meaningless if the printer does not
have the extra memory installed.
5) When you have checked that the printer is
set up correctly, start Gakusei again, and initialize
the printer with F7. Enter a lesson, then press
F4 to view the Hiragana chart, then press Print
Screen to print the chart. Verify that
Japanese characters appear and that the columns
of the chart are straight. If the printing problem
persists, please notify us.
-34-
15. PLANNED FIXES AND UPGRADES IN FUTURE RELEASES
The following features are being considered for
future releases. We'd like to hear your opinion!
1) Introduce Kanji that is typically taught in a
first-year college course. Some reading and
printing Kanji are expected to be introduced in
lesson set 3.
2) Provide a feature to allow the student to
save work from an exercise to a named file, and
reload the saved work.
3) Provide a free-style typing utility in which
the student can practice typing Japanese more
complex than what is presented in the
exercises.
4) Provide tools to support commercial text
editors in the typing of Japanese characters. (The
dictionary, to date, has been constructed
using such tools.)
5) Enable printing with other types of
printers; printer suggestions welcome.
6) Provide functions within the dictionary to
delete words and add words.
7) Provide functions within the dictionary to
print the dictionary, an ordered range of words in
the dictionary, all matches to the search word,
or the entire conjugation of the selected verb or
true adjective.
8) Put sample usages of relationals in the
dictionary.
9) Put sample usages of numbers and
counters in the dictionary.
10) Subdivide dictionary verbs into transitive
and intransitive, and indicate accordingly when a
verb is shown in the dictionary.
-35-
16. PRODUCT INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION
The customer in mind for Gakusei is a Japanese
language student, or a teacher, who may not have
hundreds of dollars to spend on computer
equipment and software. After running it, I hope
you will agree that there is nothing quite like it
among computer-based Japanese language
learning products.
Gakusei lessons are in development now. A total
of about 100 lessons, divided among 6 sets, is
anticipated. The Gakusei demo contains the first
6 lessons. Lesson set 1, containing the first 15
lessons, is available now. As sets 2-6 become
available, users will be notified.
PRICING
For INDIVIDUALS, the product is priced as
follows:
Lesson set 1 $40.00
postage and handling $ 4.00
--------
total for new registered user $44.00
(outside U.S.A., add additional $ 3.00)
For SCHOOLS that wish to use Gakusei, a site
license is available. The maximum that an
educational institution would pay for lesson set 1 is
$240.00 (plus postage and handling).
1 installation: $ 40.00
2 installations: $ 75.00
3 installations: $105.00
4-10 installations: $130.00-$240.00
more than 10 installations: $240.00
If you pay the registration fee, you receive the
entire lesson set 1 plus a printed user manual.
REGISTRATION
As a registered user, you will be notified when new
lesson sets and upgrades become available.
When you register, please help us by telling us
about any problems you may have encountered in
the installation or operation of the tutorial.
To register as a user and receive the first lesson
set, tear off and use the Product Registration
Form at the end of this manual.
-36-
DOCUMENTATION
In a demo version, the file C:\Gakusei\Gakfiled is
a list of all files in the package. On the registered
version, the file C:\Gakusei\Gakfilef is the package
file list. This manual is available in both Microsoft
Word (Gakusei.doc) and plain ASCII (Gakusei.txt)
formats.
SUPPORT
You can contact Barham Software at our phone
number, 1-800-RAN-EASY. If you hear our
recorded message, please be sure to speak
clearly, and leave your name, area code and
phone number, and the time you called. We will
return your phone call as soon as possible.
You can also send us e-mail at our CompuServe
address 70700,2225. From Internet, the address
is 70700.2225@CompuServe.com. If you do e-
mail us, please include a phone number where we
can reach you.
-37-
APPENDIX A: TEXTBOOK COMPATIBILITY CHART
The following tables are guides for students and teachers on how to supplement textbook material with
lessons from Gakusei. Tables are shown for three Japanese textbooks. Entries are shown only for Gakusei
lesson set 1 and part of lesson set 2.
TEXTBOOK: LEARN JAPANESE, VOLUME 1 AUTHORS: YOUNG, NAKAJIMA-OKANO
CHAPTER
CORRESPONDING GAKUSEI LESSONS
2
1, 2, 3, 4
3
9, 12, 16
3.4.8
12
3.4.10
12
3.4.11
18
4.4.1. 4.4.2
15
4.4.3, 4,4,4
19
4.4.6
18
4.4.7
12
5.4.2, 5.4.6
19
5.4.3
8, 19
5.4.4
11, 18, 19
7.4.2
8, 19
7.4.3
8
7.4.4
16
8.4.3, 8.4.5
21
-38-
8.4.6
13
9.4.2
12
9.4.5
20
9.4.6
14
9.4.8
9.4.9, 9.4.10
25
9.4.5
20
TEXTBOOK: COLLOQUIAL JAPANESE AUTHOR: INAMOTO, NOBORU
CHAPTER
CORRESPONDING GAKUSEI LESSON
1
1, 2, 3, 4
2
5, 7, 13, 21
3
14, 24
4
22, 8, 17
5
19, 23, 24
6
24, 21
7
-------
8
18, 10, 6, 12
-39-
TEXTBOOK: MODERN JAPANESE AUTHOR: HAN, MIEKO SHIMIZU
CHAPTER
CORRESPONDING GAKUSEI LESSONS
1
5
1.4, 1.6
5
1.11
9
1.12
18
2.9
21
3.1
13
3.4
5
4.1
13
4.2
14
4.3
21
5.1, 5.2
21
5.4
18
5.5
12
5.6
18
5.8
20
6.4
22
6.6
15
7.1
15
-40-
Appendix B: PRINTER COMPATIBILITY CHART
The printer table shown below lists the printers
that have to date been verified to work with
Gakusei by Barham Software or by Barham
Software's beta test customers. Sample printer
configuration sheets for some of these printers are
illustrated in section 11, PRINTING.
If you are unsure whether or not your printer is
compatible with Gakusei, please check your
printer manual and check with the manufacturer
about add-on memory. Keep in mind that the
amount of base memory supplied in a printer may
vary from model to model, even from the same
manufacturer.
If you want to purchase a printer but are
concerned about choosing a printer that is not
compatible with Gakusei, Barham Software will
purchase, configure, test, and ship a printer to
you. Your cost for the printer is our cost plus
shipping and handling.
printer make-model
Epson LQ
HPLJ 2
add-on memory
Epson LQ 850/1050
supported
none
required
Hewlett-Packard HP Laser Jet 2
none
supported
not required
OkiData OkiLaser OL 830
none
supported
not required
Panasonic KX-P1123
supported
none
required
Star Micronics NX-2420 Rainbow
supported
none
not required
-41-
Appendix C: SYLLABUS
1. Introduction to Hiragana I.
2. Introduction to Hiragana II.
3. Introduction to Katakana I.
4. Introduction to Katakana II.
5. Copula desu, dewa arimasen, desu ka.
6. Major, minor, irregular verb categories. Dictionary forms.
7. Nominal demonstratives for things. kore, sore, are.
8. Interrogative nouns nan, dore. Usages of WA and GA.
9. Polite verb form -masu, -masen. Second bases.
10. E relational as direction indicator.
11. Nominal demonstratives for places. koko, soko, asoko, doko
12. O relational for direct object. Interrogative noun nani.
13. Prenominal demonstratives kono, sono, ano. Interrogative dono.
14. NO relational, possessives, noun modifiers, NO as noun substitute.
15. Polite past copula and verbs.
-42-
GAKUSEI PRODUCT REGISTRATION FORM (cut out and mail)
(See section 16 for pricing information.)
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Your Name:
| Address:
| City:
| State or Country:
| Zip Code:
| phone (include area code):
|
| Are you a teacher? If so, what level
| (elementary, middle school, high school, college).
|
| Approximately how many Japanese language students
| are you teaching?
|
|
| Diskette size desired: 3.5" HD 5.25" HD
| What type of PC do you have:
| processor (e.g., 286, 386, etc.):
| MS-DOS version (e.g., 3.3):
| monitor (monochrome, VGA, super VGA):
| printer (make-model, e.g. StarMicronics NX-2420 Rainbow):
|
|
| What problems have you encountered with the tutorial so far?
|
|
|
|
|
| Please suggest a feature or upgrade that you would like to see:
|
|
|
|
|
| Mail with a check or money order to:
|
| BARHAM SOFTWARE
| 15507 S. Normandie Ave. #245
| GARDENA, CA. 90247-4028
|
| Compuserve: 70700,2225
| Internet: 70700.2225@CompuServe.com
|
| Phone: USA: 1-800-RAN-EASY (1-800-726-3279)
| outside USA: 1-310-327-4862
|
|
|
-43- Gakusei version 1.0 8 August 1992 22:40
