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Text File  |  1992-11-01  |  8KB  |  97 lines
  1.  6╣
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  4. DOUBLE┬ORDERSΘndicateτovernments∩r∩rganizationsΓinding⌠ogether≥elativelyΘndependent≤tatesΘnß╠OOSE├ONFEDERATION.
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  6. EXAMPLES:
  7. Germanyµromßbout▒300⌠o▒870πonsisted∩fΣozens∩fΣuchiesßndδingdoms,ßllφore∩r∞essΘndependent.┬avaria,╙axony,┴ustria,╨russia,ßndφany∩thersΦad⌠heir∩wnßrmies,σconomic≡olicies,µoreignΣiplomacy,µlags,σtc.┴t⌠he≤ame⌠ime,⌠hese÷arious≤tatesπoordinatedπertain∞awsßnd≤omeßspects∩fµoreign≡olicy⌠hrough⌠heirφembershipΘn⌠heóHoly╥oman┼mpire"ßnd∞ater⌠he╟erman├onfederation.
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  9. In⌠he⌠wentiethπentury,⌠he┼astern┼uropean≤atellites∩f⌠he╒SSRΓelonged⌠oß≤trong≤upranational∩rganizationσnforcedΓy├ominternßnd⌠he╫arsaw╨act.╨oland,╥omania,ßnd⌠he≥est≈ereΘndependentΘnπertain≥espectsΓutφuch∩f⌠he≡ower∩fτovernment≈asΦeldΓy═oscow.
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  13. INTERNAL┬ORDERS≈ithinß≤tateΘndicateßutonomous∩r╙EMI-INDEPENDENT╥EGIONS.
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  15. EXAMPLES:
  16. Scotlandßnd┼nglandµrom▒603⌠o▒707Γoth≥ecognized⌠heδings∩f⌠he╙tuartµamilyßs⌠heirφonarchs¿exceptΣuring⌠he┼nglish├ivil╫arΘnφid-century).╘heπountries≤haredßπommonµoreign≡olicy,Γut╙cotlandφaintainedßnΘndependent╨arliament≈hichτuaranteed∞ocal≥ightsßndµrequently⌠hreatened⌠oφake╙cotlandΘndependent.
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  18. Fromßbout▒600⌠o▒918,╘he╘urkishóOttoman┼mpire"πonsisted∩fφany≤emi-independent≥egions.╘he├hristians∩f═oldavia,╫allachia,ßnd╘ransylvania¿modern╥omania)≈ere≡ermitted⌠o≈orshipßs⌠heyπhoseßnd⌠o≥ule⌠hemselves≤o∞ongßs⌠hey≥ecognized⌠he∩verallßuthority∩f⌠he╧ttoman≤ultanΘn╔stanbulßndΦis═uslimτovernors.
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  22. VAGUE┬ORDERS∩ccurΘnßreas∩f╓ERY╠OW╨OPULATION─ENSITY∩rΘnßreas≈here⌠he≥ule∩f╟OVERNMENT─OES╬OT┼XIST.
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  24. EXAMPLES:
  25. During⌠he═iddle┴gesΘn╔ranßnd╔raq,τovernmentπontrolσxisted≡rimarilyΘn⌠heπities,≤uchßs┬aghdadßnd╔sfahan.─efiniteΓordersΓetweenπities≈ere≥arely≥equiredΓecause∩f⌠heτreat≤tretches∩fΣesert∩rφountainousπountryΓetweenπities.╨opulations¿like⌠he╦urds)Θn⌠heóno-man's-land"∩ftenφanaged⌠oßvoidßllτovernmentπontrol⌡ntil⌠he▒9thßnd▓0thπenturies.
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  27. When╥ussiansφovedΘnto╙iberiaßnd⌠heµarεorth∩f╥ussiaΘn⌠he▒6thπentury,⌠heyσncountered∩nly÷ery≤mall≡opulations∩fΘndigenous≡eoples.╧ften╥ussianµur⌠raders≥ather⌠hanτovernment∩fficials≈ere⌠he≤trongest≤ources∩f≈ealthßnd≡ower.╬o∩neΓothered⌠oΣelimitσvenßnßpproximateΓorderµor⌠he╥ussian≤tateΘn⌠heµrozenεorthßndσast.┼ven⌠oday,ßsΘnεorthern├anadaßnd┴ntarctica,≤overeignty∩ver⌡npopulatedΘceßnd⌠undraΘsΣifficult⌠oΣefine.
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  31. COLORSΘn═illennium'sφapsτenerallyΘndicateπountries⌡nder╧NE╟OVERNMENT∩r⌠ribalßreas≈ith∩ne├OMMON╙ENSE╧F┼THNIC╔DENTITY.╘he≤pecificπhoice∩fπolors,≥ed,∩range,τreen,∩r∩therwise,Φasεo≥eal≤ignificance.
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  33. EXAMPLES:
  34. In⌠he≤ixteenthπentury,┼mperor├harles╓≈asßlso╦ing∩f╙pain,╦ing∩f┬ohemia,╦ing∩f╚ungary,─uke∩f═ilan,ßnd≥uler∩fφany∩ther∞andsΘncluding⌠he╬ew╫orld¿notΣisplayedΘn═illennium).╘o≤ee⌠heσxtent∩f⌠hese⌠erritories,≤elect▒540ßnd╙pain≈ith⌠heóSelect─ate"ßndóSelect├ountry"∩ptions⌡nder⌠heóFile"φenu.
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  36. Central┴rabiaΘn⌠he≤ixteenthπentury≈asΘnhabitedΓy┴rab⌠ribes≈ho≥ecognized∩neßnotherßsδinsmenΓutßcknowledgedεo≥ealπentralτovernment.─espite⌠heµact⌠hat⌠hese⌠ribesµoughtßgainstσach∩therßsΘndependent≤tates⌠heyßre¿mostly)ΘndicatedΓy∩neπolorΘn═illennium.
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  40. GRAY┴REASΘn═illennium'sφapsπorrespond⌠oßreas∩f╓ERY╠OW╨OPULATION─ENSITY∩r≥egions╫ITHOUT╫ELL-DOCUMENTED╚ISTORIES.
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  42. EXAMPLES:
  43. The≤outhernΦalf∩f⌠he┴rabian≡eninsulaΘs∩ne∩f⌠heφostΓarrenΣesertsΘn⌠he≈orld.╦nownΘn┴rabicßs⌠he╥ub'ßl-Khali∩róEmpty╤uarter,"ΘtΘs≡ractically⌡ninhabited.╒ntil⌠he∞ate▓0thπentury,εoτovernmentπouldπlaim⌠o≥ule⌠here.
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  45. Theßreaßround⌠he├aucasus═ountains≤outh∩f╥ussiaΘncludes≤ome∩f⌠heφostσthnicallyπomplicated⌠erritory≈est∩f╔ndia.╫ith⌠heσxception∩f⌠he╟eorgians,Θts≡eoples≈ereΘlliterate,⌠ribal,ßnd≤emi-nomadic⌡ntil⌠he▒9thπentury≈hen⌠he╥ussiansφovedΘn.┬ecause⌠heyΣidεot≈rite⌠heir∩wnΦistory,ΘtΘs÷eryΣifficult⌠oδnow≈ithπertainty≈hatΦappened⌠hereΓefore⌠he▒8thπentury.
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  49. To∩pen∩ne∩f═illennium'sφenus,óFile",óQuestion",σtc.,├LICK∩n⌠he≈ordßt⌠he⌠op∩f⌠he≤creen≈ith⌠he∞eftφouseΓutton.╘hatΘs,φove⌠heφouseπursor∩ver⌠he≈ord,Σepressßnd⌠hen≥elease⌠he∞eft¿main)φouseΓutton.═ove⌠heφouseπursorΣown⌠heφenu⌠o⌠heΣesiredφenu∩ptionßndπlickßgain.
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  53. To≤electßn∩ption∩rßctivateßµunction≈ithß┬UTTON,├LICK∩n⌠heΓutton≈ith⌠he∞eftφouseΓutton.╘hatΘs,φove⌠heφouseπursor∩ver⌠he⌠hree-dimensionalΓutton∩n≤creen.╘heΣepressßnd≥elease⌠he∞eft¿main)φouseΓutton.╘he≤creenΘmage∩f⌠heΓutton≈illßppear⌠oφoveΘnßnd∩ut.
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  57. The╓CR-like╘IME├ONTROLSßctivate═illennium's⌡niqueóMap═ovie"φode¿whichπanßlsoΓe≤elected≈ith⌠heóMap═ovie"∩ption⌡nder⌠heóFile"φenu).╘oσvolve⌠heφap≤teadily╞ORWARDΘn⌠ime,πlick∩n⌠heΓutton≈ith⌠he≤ingle,≥ight-pointingßrrow.╘oσvolve⌠heφapµorwardßs╥APIDLYßs∙ourπomputer'sΦardware≈ill≡ermit,πlick∩n⌠heΓutton≈ith⌠heΣoubled,≥ight-pointingßrrow.╘heΓuttons≈ith∞eft-pointingßrrowsσvolve⌠heφap┬ACKWARDSΘn⌠ime.╘o╙TOP⌠heóMap═ovie",Φit⌠he┼NTERδey∩n∙ourδeyboard∩rπlick∩n⌠heπenterΓuttonπontainingß≤mall≤quare.
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  61. TheóView╥egion"φenu∩ptionßs≈ellßs⌠he≡rintßndσxportµunctionsΘnstruct∙ou⌠oódrag∩ut"ß≥egion.╘hisφeansφove⌠heφouseπursor⌠o⌠he⌡pper∞eftΦandπorner∩f⌠heΣesired≥egion.╘henΣepress⌠he∞eft¿main)φouseΓutton.╚old⌠heΓuttonΣownßndφove⌠heφouse⌠owards⌠he∞ower≥ight⌡ntil⌠heΣesired≥egionΘsπompletely∩utlined∩n≤creenΓyßΓox.╞inally,≥elease⌠heφouseΓutton.
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  65. Thereßre≤everal≈ays⌠oπhange⌠heφap≥egionΣisplayed∩n≤creen.╘heóView╥egion"∩ption⌡nder⌠heóFile"φenußllows⌠heφostπompleteπontrol∩ver⌠heΣisplayed≥egion¿see╚elp¡═ouse╒se¡╥egionsµorφoreΣetail).
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  67. Toπhange⌠he≤cale∩f⌠heφap,⌡seóZoomΘn"∩róZoom∩ut"⌡nder⌠heóScreen"φenu¿orΦit⌠he╞2∩r╞3µunctionδeys∩n⌠heδeyboard).
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  69. To≤lide⌠heφapßcross⌠he≤creen,⌡se⌠heóMove╧rigin"∩ption⌡nder⌠heóScreen"φenu.┴sß±uickerßlternative,ΦoldΣown⌠heóAlt"δey∩n⌠heδeyboard,⌠henódrag"⌠heφouse.╘hatΘs,≡ress⌠heóAlt"δey.╘hen≡ress⌠he∞eftφouseΓutton.╫hileΦoldingΣown¿either∩r)Γoth,φove⌠heφouse⌡p,Σown,∞eft,∩r≥ight.╞inally,≥elease⌠heφouseΓutton.╘heφap≈illΓegin⌠o≥edrawßutomatically.
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  73. To∩pen∩ne∩f═illennium'sφenus,óFile",óQuestion",σtc.,Φit⌠heδeyboard╦EYπorresponding⌠o⌠he╒NDERLINED╠ETTERΘn⌠heεame∩f⌠heφenußt⌠he⌠op∩f⌠he≤creen.╘o≤electßn∩ptionµromßφenu,σitherΦit⌠heδeyboardδey∩f⌠he⌡nderlined∞etter,∩r⌡se⌠he╒Pßnd─OWNπursorδeys⌠oφove⌠heΦighlight⌠o⌠heΣesired∩ption,ßnd⌠henΦit⌠he┼NTERδey.
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  77. To≤electßn∩ption∩rßctivateßµunction≈ithß┬UTTON,Φit⌠heδeyboard╦EY∩f⌠he╒NDERLINED╠ETTERΘn⌠he∞abelεext⌠o⌠heΓutton.╘he≤creenΘmage∩f⌠heΓutton≈illßppear⌠oφoveΘnßnd∩ut.¿seeóHelp¡╦eyboard╒se¡╘ime├ontrols"µorΣetails∩n⌠he╓CR-like╘ime├ontrolΓuttons).
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  81. The╓CR-like╘IME├ONTROLSßctivate═illennium's⌡niqueóMap═ovie"φode¿whichπanßlsoΓe≤elected≈ith⌠heóMap═ovie"∩ption⌡nder⌠heóFile"φenu).╘oσvolve⌠he∩n≤creenφap≤teadily╞ORWARDΘn⌠ime,Φit⌠he╥IGHTπursorδey¿theóright-arrow"δey).áToσvolve⌠heφapµorwardßs╥APIDLYßs∙ourπomputer'sΦardware≈ill≡ermit,⌡se⌠he├TRL-RIGHTδeyπombination.╘hatΘs,ΦoldΣown⌠heóCtrl"δey,ßnd⌠henΦit⌠he╥IGHTπursorδey.╘oσvolve⌠heφap┬ACKWARDSΘn⌠ime,⌡se⌠he╠EFTπursorδeyßnd⌠he├TRL-LEFTδeyπombination.╘o╙TOP⌠heóMap═ovie",Φit⌠he┼NTERδey.
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  85. TheóView╥egion"φenu∩ption,ßs≈ellßs⌠he≡rintßndσxportµunctions,Θnstruct∙ou⌠oómark"ß≥egion.╘hisφeansφove⌠he∩n-screenπrosshairs¿aóPLUS"≤ign)⌠o⌠he⌡pper∞eftΦandπorner∩f⌠heΣesired≥egion⌡sing⌠he├URSOR╦EYS¿up,Σown,∞eft,≥ightóarrow"δeys).╘henΦit⌠he┼NTERδey⌠oßnchor⌠he⌡pper∞eftπorner.╒se⌠he├URSOR╦EYSßgain⌡ntil⌠heΣesired≥egionΘsπompletely∩utlined∩n≤creenΓyßΓox.╞inally,Φit⌠he┼NTERδeyßgain.
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  89. Thereßre≤everal≈ays⌠oπhange⌠heφap≥egionΣisplayed∩n≤creen.╘heóView╥egion"∩ption⌡nder⌠heóFile"φenußllows⌠heφostπompleteπontrol∩ver⌠heΣisplayed≥egion¿see╚elp¡╦eyboard╒se¡╥egionsµorφoreΣetail).
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  91. Toπhange⌠he≤cale∩f⌠heφap,⌡seóZoomΘn"∩róZoom∩ut"⌡nder⌠heóScreen"φenu∩rΦit⌠he╞2∩r╞3╞UNCTION╦EYS∩n⌠heδeyboard).
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  93. To≤lide⌠heφapßcross⌠he≤creen,⌡se⌠heóMove╧rigin"∩ption⌡nder⌠heóScreen"φenu.┴sß±uickerßlternative,ΦoldΣown⌠heóAlt"δey∩n⌠heδeyboard,⌠hen⌡se⌠he├URSOR╦EYS¿up,Σown,∞eft,≥ightóarrow"δeys).╚it⌠he┼NTERδey⌠oπomplete⌠he∩peration.╘heφap≈illΓegin⌠o≥edrawßutomatically.
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