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                            THE NOVEL IN AMERICA


           Dates of Publication of Some Important Fictional Works
                                     and
          Dates of Importance in History, Invention and Literature

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                               1700-1799


1775-1783  The American Revolution.

1777    First use of the boat made of iron in Yorkshire, England.

1783    Two Frenchmen, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Etienne Montfolfier
        produce the first hot-air balloon.

1784    Benjamin Franklin makes bifocal lenses for eye glasses.

        Laumoy in France produces a model of a helicopter.

1787    Royall Tyler's THE CONTRAST becomes the first American comedy
        performed by professional actors.

        Cartwright produces a power loom.

        American Constitutional Convention convened.

1787-1788  THE FEDERALIST papers printed.  They were authored by Alexander
        Hamilton, John Jay and others.

1788    American Constitution ratified by eleven states.

1789    THE POWER OF SYMPATHY, the first American novel, is published.  It
        is presumably by William Hill Brown.

        George Washington inagurated first president of the United
        States.

        The French Revolution begins.

1790    The first U. S. patent of a cotton spinning and weaving machine.

        Thomas Saint produces the first sewing machine.

1792-1815  William Henry Brackenridge produces MODERN CHIVALRY, a novel
        with many echoes of Don Quixote in it.

1793    Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin.

        England at war with France.

1796    Edward Jenner discovers a smallpox vaccine.

        George Washington's FAREWELL ADDRESS.

1797    Royall Tyler, author of the first American comedy given a
        professional performance, publishes a novel THE ALGERINE CAPTIVE.

        Andre Jacques Garnerin made the parachute.

1798    Charles Brocken Brown publishes his first and most influential
        novel WIELAND.  It is a frightening tale which influences Mary
        Shelley, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe.

1799    Charles Brockden Brown publishes other novels: ORMOND, EDGAR HUNTLY
        and ARTHUR MERVYN, part I.  Each contains some horror which must be
        avoided or defeated.

        Napoleon becomes First Consul and later (1804) Emperor of France.


                               ═══════════

                               1800 - 1899

                               ════════════

1800    Charles Brockden Brown publishes ARTHUR MERVYN, part II.

        The Library of Congress founded in American with Thomas Jefferson's
        library becoming the cornerstone of the collection.

1801    Charles Brockden Brown's style changes.  He publishes two domestic
        novels: CLARA HOWARD and JANE TALBOT.

1803    The United States makes the Louisiana Purchase.

1804    Napoleon is made Emperor of France.

        Richard Trevithick pioneers the steam locomotive.

1807    The slave trade abolished within the British Empire. Abolition of
        serfdom in Prussia.

        Isaac de Rivez secures a patent for a gas-driven automobile.

        Robert Fulton introduces the long-distance steamboat.

1812    The cylinder printing press invented.  The TIMES of London begins
        publication using it.

        Canned food introduced by Bryan Doukin.

1812-1815  The United States and Britain at war.

1815    Napoleon defeated at Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena.

        The Congress of Vienna.

1816    Invention of the stethoscope by Rene Theophile Hyancinthe Laennee.


1819    Dental amalgam for fillings introduced by Charles Bell.

        The United States purchases Florida from Spain.


1820    The Missouri Compromise brings a temporary solution to the problem
        of slavery in new territories of the United States.

1821    Michael Faraday invents the electric motor and generator, keeping
        Britain in the forefront of technology.

        James Fenimore Cooper publishes THE SPY, a story about the American
        Revolution.

        Greek war of independence.

1822    J-N. Niepce of France produces the first photographic image.

1823    The Monroe Doctrine proclaimed by the U. S.

1825    The first passenger steam railway begins service at Stockton and
        Darlington in England.

1826    James Fenimore Cooper publishes THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS.

1827    THE PRARIE, another of Cooper's novels, published.

1828    Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes his first novel FANSHAWE.  Later he
        considers it such an embarrassment that he tries to retrieve and
        burn all copies of it.

1833    Charles Babbage invents the differential calculating machine.

1834    George Bancroft's HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, volume I.

        In the United States, the first mechanical reaper is patented.

1835    William Gilmore Simms published two of his best novels, THE
        PARTISAN and THE YEMASSEE.

        Samuel Colt makes the revolver.

1836    In Prussia, the invention of the needle-gun makes breech loading
        possible.

1837    William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone create the electric
        telegraph.

        The electric motor is invented by Thomas Davenport.

1838    Samuel F. B. Morse introduces Morse Code and demonstrates his
        telegraph for President Van Buren.

        Steam ships first run between the United States and England.

1840    James Fenimore Cooper publishes the PATHFINDER.

        The first postage stamp is used in Britain.

        Britain annexes New Zealand.

1841    James Fenimore Cooper brings out THE DEERSLAYER.

        James Wilmot Griswold publishes the first edition of the
        influential anthology POETS AND POETRY OF AMERICA.

1842    Britain annexes Hong Kong.

        Morse introduces underwater telegraph cable.

1845    Irish potato famine.  Hostility to Britain grows.  Emigration to
        the U. S. increases.

        The U. S. annexes Texas.

1845-1849  The British conquest of Punjab and Kashmir

1846    Herman Melville's first novel TYPEE published.

        The Mexican War begins.  The U. S. retains New Mexico and
        California after the war's end in 1848.

        Elias Howe's sewing machine introduced.

1847    Melville's OMOO sees print.

1849    Melville produces MARDI.

1850    Nathaniel Hawthorne publishes his most famous novel THE SCARLET
        LETTER.

1851    Hawthorne publishes THE HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES dedicating it to
        Herman Melville.  Melville publishes his masterpiece MOBY-DICK with
        a dedication to Hawthorne.

1852    BLITHEDALE ROMANCE by Hawthorne.

        Harriet Beecher Stowe produces UNCLE TOM'S CABIN.

1855    Robert Wilhelm Eberhard von Bunsen invents the burner bearing his
        name.

1856    The Bessemer process permits the mass production of steel.

1860    Nathaniel Hawthorne's MARBLE FAUN.

        Pasteur propounds the germ theory of disease.

1861    George Eliot's SILAS MARNER published.

        Emancipation of Russian serfs.

1861-1865  The American Civil War.

1863    First underground railway opens in London.

1866    Cyrus West Field, Samuel Canning and Daniel Gooch lay the
        transatlantic cable.

1867    Poet Sidney Lanier's only novel TIGER-LILIES is published.  It
        shows pre-war romanticism mingled with post-war realism.  It is
        more a curiosity than a success.

        Russia sells Alaska to the U. S.

        Dominion of Canada established.

        Alfred Nobel creates dynamite.

1868    Louisa May Alcott's LITTLE WOMEN.

1869    Mark Twain produces THE INNOCENTS ABROAD, a rewriting of his
        newspaper submissions while on a tour of Europe and the Mid-East.

        The Suez Canal opens.

        The first transcontinental railway completed in the U. S.

        Blackmore's LORNA DOONE.

1870    Declaration of papal infallibility.

        Franco-Prussian War.

1871    Edward Eggleston's THE HOOSIER SCHOOLMASTER.

        William Dean Howells publishes THEIR WEDDING JOURNEY.

1872    Mark Twain's ROUGHING IT, a novelistic treatment of his experiences
        in the Southwest, is published.

1873    Christopher Latham Sholes introduces the typewriter.  Within a few
        years, Mark Twain becomes the first American writer to submit
        manuscripts using this invention.

1875    William Dean Howells' A FOREGONE CONCLUSION.

1876    Mark Twain brings out TOM SAWYER.

        Henry James publishes RODERICK HUDSON.

        Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone.

1877    Henry James' THE AMERICAN.

1878    Thomas Alva Edison invents the phonograph and William Crookes makes
        the cathode ray tube.

1879    William Dean Howells' THE LADY OF THE AROOSTOOK.

        Henry James publishes DAISY MILLER.

        With Joseph Wilson Swan, Edison makes the carbon filament
        light bulb.

        James Ritty makes the cash register.

1880    George Washington Cable publishes THE GRANDISSIMES, his best-known
        novel.


1881    Two James novels, THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY and WASHINGTON SQUARE
        appear.

        Cable publishes MADAME DELPHINE.

        Albert A. Michelson makes the interferometer.

1882    Mark Twain's THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER and William Dean Howells' A
        MODERN INSTANCE appear.

        First hydro-electric plant became operational in Wisconsin.

1883    Twain's LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI tells of his days as a steamboat
        cub and pilot.

1884    Lewis Edson Waterman introduces the fountain pen.

1885    Mark Twain's HUCKLEBERRY FINN, the tale of an outcast growing to
        maturity, is published.

        William Dean Howells' THE RISE OF SILAS LAPHAM.

        Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach make the gas engine
        motorcycle.

1886    THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE by Thomas Hardy.

        Howells' INDIAN SUMMER and James' THE BOSTONIANS are published.

        Dunlop invents the pneumatic tire, something that would prove of
        great importance for the nascent automobile industry.

        Coca-Cola, the invention of John Pemberton, appears.

        George Westinghouse makes the railway air brake.

        Ottmar Mergenthaler makes the linotype machine.  Mergenthaler
        was in competition with a man named Paige to produce a mechanical
        typesetter.  Paige's work was funded by Mark Twain.  Mergenthaler's
        invention was simpler and more trouble free.  When Paige's machine
        failed, so did Mark Twain's fortunes.  He went bankrupt.

1888    Henry James puts ASPERN PAPERS into print.

1889    Mark Twain publishes A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR'S COURT.

1891    Thomas Hardy produces TESS OF THE D'UBERVILLES.

        In the United States, the International Copyright Law protects
        foreign authors and publishers.

1893    Stephen Crane brings out MAGGIE: A GIRL OF THE STREETS.

        Crompton & Co., an English company, introduces the electric
        toaster.

1894    William Dean Howells publishes A TRAVELER FROM ALTRURIA.

        Mark Twain's PUDD'NHEAD WILSON.

        Death of novelist and short story writer Robert Louis Stevenson.

        Guglielmo Marconi invents wireless telegraphy.

1895    Stephen Crane's THE RED BADGE OF COURAGE.

        Rontgen discovers X-rays, Marconi invents "wireless telegraphy" in
        Italy and the first public showing of a motion picture takes place
        in France.

1896    Harold Frederic publishes THE DAMNATION OF THERON WARE.

1897    James' THE SPOILS OF POYNTON and WHAT MAISIE KNEW.

1898    Thomas Nelson Page's RED ROCK.

        Pierre and Marie Curie find radioactivity and isolate radium.

        The Spanish-American War; the US annexes Guam, Puerto Rico and the
        Philippines.

1899    The Boer War begins.

        Naval Academy graduate Winston Churchill publishes RICHARD CARVEL.

                                ═════════

                                1900-1970

                                ═════════

1900    Theodore Dreiser shocks the public with SISTER CARRIE.

        Jack London's THE SON OF THE WOLF and Booth Tarkington's MONSIEUR
        BEAUCAIRE appear.

        In Germany, Max Planck's quantum theory comes into being,
        revolutionizing physics while in Austria Freud's book
        INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS signals the beginning of psychoanalysis.

1901    Winston Churchill publishes THE CRISIS, and Frank Norris' THE
        OCTOPUS is issued.

1902    Henry James publishes THE WINGS OF THE DOVE.

        Owen Wister's THE VIRGINIAN.

1903    Three major American novels are published: Henry James' THE
        AMBASSADORS, Jack London's THE CALL OF THE WILD and Frank Norris'
        THE PIT.

        Wilbur and Orville Wright register the first successful flight of a
        gasoline powered aircraft at Kitty Hawk, N. C.

        The Panama Canal Zone ceded to the U. S.

1904    Jack London's THE SEA-WOLF and Henry James' THE GOLDEN BOWL appear
        in America.

1905    Einstein's theory of relativity.

1918    Willa Cather's MY ANTONIA.

1919    Sherwood Anderson's WINESBURG, OHIO.

        James Branch Cabell's JURGEN.

1920    Sinclair Lewis' MAIN STREET.

        Edith Wharton's THE AGE OF INNOCENCE.

        F. Scott Fitzgerald's first novel THIS SIDE OF PARADISE is
        published.

        Station KDKA in Pittsburgh, PA introduces commercial radio
        broadcasts.

1921    John Dos Passos' THREE SOLDIERS.

        Booth Tarkington's ALICE ADAMS.

1922    John Galsworthy completes THE FORSYTE SAGA (1906-1922).

        James Joyce publishes ULYSSES with the help of Sylvia Beach.

        Virginia Woolf completes JACOB'S ROOM.

        Sinclair Lewis' analysis of the ugly American businessman appears
        in BABBIT.

1923    Clarence Birdseye introduces frozen food.

1924    Herman Melville's BILLY BUDD first published.  Though Melville died
        1891 without polishing the short novel, he left enough for editors
        to feel comfortable publishing a cut-and-paste version of it.

1925    Woolf's MRS. DALLOWAY.

        Cather's THE PROFESSOR'S HOUSE.

        Dos Passos' MANHATTAN TRANSFER.

        Dreiser's AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY.

        Fitzgerald's THE GREAT GATSBY.

        Ellen Glasgow's BARREN GROUND.

        Sinclair Lewis' ARROWSMITH.

1926    Glasgow's THE ROMANTIC COMEDIANS.

        Ernest Hemingway's first novel A SUN ALSO RISES.

        John Logie Baird, C. F. Jenkins and D. Mihaly invent television.

1927    Woolf's TO THE LIGHTHOUSE.

        Cather's DEATH COMES FOR THE ARCHBISHOP.

1928    Invention of color television by John Logie Baird.

1929    Woolf publishes A ROOM OF ONE'S OWN.

        William Faulkner's THE SOUND AND THE FURY.

        Glasgow's THEY STOOPED TO FOLLY.

        Hemingway publishes A FAREWELL TO ARMS.

        Sinclair Lewis' DODSWORTH appears.

        Thomas Wolfe's LOOK HOMEWARD ANGEL catches the national imagination
        and stirs the ire of many in Asheville, N. C., his hometown.

1930    Evelyn Waugh's VILE BODIES.

        Dos Passos' THE 42ND PARALLEL.

        Sinclair Lewis awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.

1931    Pearl Buck brings out THE GOOD EARTH.

        William Faulkner's SANCTUARY.

        Cather's SHADOWS ON THE ROCK.

        Jacob Schick makes the electric razor.

1932    John Galsworthy receives the Nobel Prize for Literature.

        Taylor Caldwell publishes TOBACCO ROAD.

        Faulkner brings out LIGHT IN AUGUST.

        Dos Passos' 1919 appears.

        Glasgow's THE SHELTERED LIFE.

1933    Caldwell's GOD'S LITTLE ACRE.

        Gertrude Stein's THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ALICE B. TOKLAS is published.

        Edwin H. Armstrong discovers Frequency Modulation (FM).

1934    Fitzgerald's TENDER IS THE NIGHT.

1935    John Steinbeck's TORTILLIA FLAT.

        Wolfe's OF TIME AND THE RIVER.

1936    Faulkner's ABSALOM, ABSALOM!

        Dos Passos' THE BIG MONEY.

        Margaret Mitchell's GONE WITH THE WIND is a popular triumph.

1937    Hemingway's TO HAVE AND HAVE NOT.

        John Marquand's THE LATE GEORGE APLEY.

        Steinbeck publishes two works: OF MICE AND MEN and THE RED PONY.

        The Dupont Company of the U.S. introduces nylon.

1938    Faulkner publishes THE UNVANQUISHED.

        Pearl Buck is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.

1939    James Joyce's most puzzling book FINNEGAN'S WAKE.

        THE GRAPES OF WRATH by John Steinbeck.

        Thomas Wolfe's THE WEB AND THE ROCK published posthumously.

1940    Faulkner publishes the first book in his trilogy, THE HAMLET.

        FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS by Hemingway.

        Wolfe's YOU CAN'T GO HOME AGAIN published posthumously.

        Richard Wright publishes NATIVE SON.

        Although Tucker coined the word "radar," Robert M. Page was the
        inventor.

        Automatic transmissions for cars introduced by General Motors.

1941    Fitzgerald's THE LAST TYCOON published posthumously.

        Glasgow's IN THIS OUR LIFE and John P. Marquand's H. M. PULHAM,
        ESQUIRE.

1942    Enrico Fermi and his team on the Manhattan project produce a
        manmade atomic reaction.

1944    John Hersey publishes A BELL FOR ADANO.

1945    Richard Wright's BLACK BOY.

        The atomic bomb: J. R. Oppenheimer, Arthur H. Compton, Enrico Fermi
        and Leo Szilard

1946    Robert Penn Warren's ALL THE KING'S MEN is published.

        ENIAC (Electronic vacuum tube computer) is built by John Mauchly
        and J. Presper.

1947    The Bell XS-1, the world's first supersonic aircraft is introduced
        in the U. S.

1948    William Faulkner brings out INTRUDER IN THE DUST.

        Graham Greene's THE HEART OF THE MATTER.

        Norman Mailer puts out THE NAKED AND THE DEAD.

        The transistor is introduced.  It will replace vacuum tubes,
        permitting smaller more portable electronics. William Shockley,
        John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain get credit for the product.

        Peter Goldmark introduces the microgrove or long-playing record.

1950    Hemingway's ACROSS THE RIVER AND INTO THE TREES.

        William Faulkner given the Nobel Prize for Literature for 1949.

        First appearance of the xerographic copying machine by the Haloid
        Company.

1951    Faulkner's REQUIEM FOR A NUN.

        James Jones' FROM HERE TO ETERNITY.

        J. D. Salinger's CATCHER IN THE RYE.

1952    Hemingway publishes THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA.

        Steinbeck's EAST OF EDEN.

        Flannery O'Connor's WISE BLOOD.

        The hydrogen bomb courtesy of Edward Teller and Igor Kurchatov.

1953    Waugh's LOVE AMONG THE RUINS.

1954    Faulkner's A FABLE.

        Hemingway awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.

1957    Faulkner's THE TOWN, the second book in his trilogy.

1958    Charles Townes discovers the laser.

1959    William Golding's FREE FALL.

        Faulkner's THE MANSION, the last book in his Snopes trilogy.

1960    Lawrence Durrell completes his ALEXANDRIA QUARTET.

        Flannery O'Connor publishes THE VIOLENT BEAR IT AWAY.

        The USS ENTERPRISE becomes the first nuclear-powered ship.

1961    MIDCENTURY by John Dos Passos.

1962    Faulkner's THE REIVERS.

        Katharine Anne Porter's SHIP OF FOOLS.

1963    Saul Bellow publishes HERZOG.

        Hemingway's A MOVEABLE FEAST, memories of his life in Paris in
        the 1920's

        The Philips Company of the Netherlands introduces the cassette
        tape.

1964    The home use transistor videotape recorder appears.  Sony of Japan
        introduces it.

1966    John Barth's GILES GOAT BOY.

        Bernard Malamud publishes THE FIXER.

1967    Chaim Potok's THE CHOSEN.

        William Styron's THE CONFESSIONS OF NAT TURNER.

1969    John Cheever publishes BULLET PARK.

        Doris Lessing completes her CHILDREN OF VIOLENCE series.

1970    Hemingway's last novel, ISLANDS IN THE STREAM, published posthumously.

        Bellow's MR. SAMMLER'S PLANET.

        James Dickey's DELIVERANCE.