home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
C!T ROM 2
/
ctrom_ii_b.zip
/
ctrom_ii_b
/
OS2
/
SYSTEEM
/
TINYED
/
T.DOC
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-12-02
|
103KB
|
3,404 lines
TDoc-v220-0
===================================================================
T
A Tiny Editor
Version 2.20
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Version 2.20, October 1993
This program was written by:
Tim Baldwin
IBM UK Laboratories
Hursley Park
Winchester
Hampshire, SO21 2JN
BALDWINT at WINVMB
baldy@vnet.ibm.com
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993. All Rights Reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Page i
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
PREFACE
This document describes T, a very small yet very powerful full
screen text editor for IBM PC, PS/2 and compatible machines. The
document is divided into two main parts: "Part 1. Using The
Editor" and "Part 2. Editor Reference".
Part 1 is a user's guide containing these sections:
- "1.0 Introduction". This describes T, giving an overview of its
main features and omissions. It also details the hardware and
software you will need to be able to use the editor and how you
can obtain a copy.
- "2.0 Getting Started". This describes how to install T ready
for use. It describes how to start up the editor, what the
screen looks like and how to use the help files.
- "3.0 Editing". Contains a brief introduction to editing with
T describing how to issue commands and functions and the basics
of editing. This section also covers searching and replacing,
the word processing features, the box drawing functions and
describes how to print documents when using the editor.
- "4.0 Customising". Describes how the editor can be customised
to change the screen colours, to redefine the keyboard functions
and to alter some other special editor settings.
Part 2 is the reference manual, divided into three sections:
- "1.0 Commands". An alphabetical list of all the editor's
commands.
- "2.0 Keyboard Functions". An alphabetical list of all the
editor's keyboard functions.
- "3.0 Settings". An alphabetical list of all the editor's
special settings.
Two appendices are also included:
- "Appendix A. Messages". Lists all the messages T can produce,
giving the meaning of the message and any possible action that
may need to be taken.
- "Appendix B. User Definable Keys". Lists all the valid names
and shift- combinations for the user-definable keys.
Preface ii
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
CONTENTS
Part 1. Using The Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 Features and Omissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 What You Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.0 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Starting T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Screen Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 The Help File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.0 Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Keyboard Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Simple Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2.1 The Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2.2 The Data Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2.3 Marking and Copying Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2.4 Saving Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2.5 Working On Several Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Search and Replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3.1 Searching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3.2 Replacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4 Word Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4.1 The Right Margin and Word Spill . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4.2 The ADJUST LINE Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5 Drawing Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6 Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6.1 Printer Control Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.6.2 Printer Set Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.0 Customising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1 The Custom Definition File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.1.1 Colour and Mono Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.1.2 Key Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.1.3 Set Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2 The HELP and USER Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.3 The Enhanced Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Part 2. Editor Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.0 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.1 APPEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.2 CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.3 DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.4 EDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.5 FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.6 GET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.7 GOTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.8 LOCATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.9 MARGIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.10 NAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.11 PRINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Contents iii
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
1.12 PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.13 QUIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.14 SAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.15 VERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.0 Keyboard Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.1 ADJUST LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2 BACKSPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.3 CLEAR MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4 COMMAND TOGGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.5 COPY MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.6 DELETE CHARACTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.7 DELETE LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.8 DELETE MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.9 DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.10 EDIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.11 END OF FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.12 END OF LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.13 END OF MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.14 END OF SCREEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.15 ESCAPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.16 FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.17 FOCUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.18 HELP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.19 INSERT LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.20 INSERT TOGGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.21 JOIN LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.22 LEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.23 MARK LEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.24 MARK RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.25 MOVE MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.26 NAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.27 NEW LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.28 NEXT FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.29 NEXT LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.30 NEXT TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.31 NEXT WORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.32 NOTHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.33 PAGE DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.34 PAGE UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.35 PREVIOUS FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.36 PREVIOUS TAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.37 PREVIOUS WORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.38 QUIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.39 REPEAT FIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.40 REPEAT LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.41 RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.42 SAFE FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.43 SAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.44 SCROLL DOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.45 SCROLL LEFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.46 SCROLL RIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.47 SCROLL UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.48 SET MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.49 SPLIT LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Contents iv
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.50 START OF LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.51 TOP OF FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.52 TOP OF MARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.53 TOP OF SCREEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.54 TRUNCATE LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.55 UNDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.56 UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.57 USER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.0 Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1 AUTOMATIC INDENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2 CGA SNOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 COMMAND RECALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.4 COMMAND TOGGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5 EXACT MATCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.6 FOCUS LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.7 HELP COMMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.8 HELP LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.9 INSERT CURSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.10 INSERT TOGGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.11 KEYBOARD TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.12 LINE END . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.13 REPLACE CURSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.14 RIGHT MARGIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.15 SEGMENT SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.16 TAB EXPAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.17 TAB SPACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.18 USER COMMAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Appendix A. Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Appendix B. User Definable Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Contents v
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
Part 1. Using The Editor
Part 1. Using The Editor 1
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
1.0 INTRODUCTION
T is a full screen text editor for the IBM PC, PS/2 and compatible
family of machines. Two versions of the editor are supplied, one
to run under DOS and the other to run under OS/2. It is designed
to be quick and easy to learn and simple to use, while remaining
both extremely powerful and very small - the DOS version being
under 10,000 bytes in size.
A very small editor has a number of advantages:
- It may be used on machines with a limited amount of memory.
Even a PC with a full 640K of base memory can have a large
amount of this used up when a number of
terminate-and-stay-resident type programs are installed - local
area network drivers and terminal emulators are prime examples.
- It may be used for editing large files that would be too large
to load into memory with a bigger editor.
- It may be invoked from inside other programs yet still have
enough free memory to edit a good sized file.
- It loads and starts very quickly indeed. If you just wish to
make a small change to your CONFIG.SYS file it can be very
frustrating to spend time waiting for a large word processor to
start up.
- It can be placed on a diskette without consuming much space.
This can be useful for those "emergency" diskettes used to boot
up and fix a system when all else fails.
- It can be placed on a RAM disk without consuming much space.
This can be useful for palmtop type machines which often have no
disk drives at all.
1.1 FEATURES AND OMISSIONS
T has the following main features:
- Very small size, under 10,000 bytes.
- Fast, easy to use, full screen interface that adapts
automatically to use the full size of the display.
- Edits very large files, subject to available memory.
- Edits very long lines, up to 65,528 characters.
- Edits any number of files at once, subject to available memory.
- On screen help
Introduction 2
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
- Very fast search and replace functions.
- Customisable keyboard mapping and screen colours.
- Any DOS or OS/2 command may be run without leaving the editor.
- A "right hand margin" and "word-spill" to allow some simple word
processing to be performed.
- Native DOS and OS/2 versions, which also run under Windows and
Windows/NT.
- OS/2 version has full support for the HPFS.
To keep T small it necessarily lacks some of the more advanced
features of larger editors and word processors. In particular:
- Copying and moving data can only be performed on blocks of one
or more whole lines.
- Word processing capabilities are very limited.
- No programmability, although the appearance and function may be
customised.
- No direct support for the mouse or a menu system.
1.2 WHAT YOU NEED
T should run on any IBM PC, PS/2 or compatible machine. It needs
PC-DOS or MS-DOS version 2.00 or later, or any version of OS/2.
The DOS version may also be run as a DOS application under
Microsoft Windows and both the DOS and OS/2 versions may be run
under Windows/NT.
When used with OS/2 or with appropriate versions of Windows it may
be run from both full screen and windowed command prompts, or may
be started by placing an object in one of the OS/2 folders or
Windows Program Manager groups.
T is available inside IBM by requesting the T PACKAGE from PCTOOLS.
This version is for "IBM Internal Use Only" and may not be
distributed outside the company.
T is also made freely available outside IBM through the Employee
Written Software programme. The file TINYED.ZIP can be obtained
through CompuServe, from many BBS systems and via anonymous FTP
from a number of sites (e.g. software.watson.ibm.com). The ZIP
file should be unpacked with PKUNZIP to create the full package.
The T package contains:
T.EXE This is the DOS version of the editor program.
Introduction 3
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
T2.EXE This is the OS/2 version of the editor program.
TKEY.EXE This is the customiser program. It will run under
both DOS and OS/2 and will customise either version of
the editor.
THELP.HLP This is a simple help file for the standard editor
configuration.
TKEYS.DEF This is a sample custom definition file that describes
the standard editor configuration.
T.DOC This is the full documentation in a plain ASCII
printable format.
In addition the publicly available TINYED.ZIP package contains the
following important file:
LICENSE.TXT This contains the terms and conditions under which IBM
makes the package available.
Introduction 4
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.0 GETTING STARTED
This section describes how to get T up and running, what the screen
looks like and how to ask for help.
2.1 STARTING T
Only the program file (T.EXE for DOS or T2.EXE for OS/2) is
required to be able to use the editor; this should be located in
the current directory of the current drive, or in a subdirectory
listed in your PATH. The other files are only required if you want
to customise the editor or if you want to use the supplied help
file. These other files would normally be kept on a separate
diskette or in their own subdirectory (which need not be in the
PATH).
If you use OS/2 exclusively or use both DOS and OS/2 but keep your
DOS and OS/2 programs in separate subdirectories you might want to
rename the OS/2 executable to T.EXE also. This avoids having to
remember whether to type T or T2 depending on the environment you
are using.
Since T is so small it makes sense to put it on a RAMDRIVE if you
have one installed, this means that it will load almost instantly.
To start T simply enter the following command at the DOS or OS/2
prompt:
T <filename> <filename> ...
or T2 <filename> <filename> ...
You can put any number, including zero, of file names after the
T command and T will load each file you list into its memory. If
you are using the OS/2 HPFS and your file names include spaces you
must specify the name inside double quotes, so T does not think it
is two separate file names.
2.2 SCREEN LAYOUT
The T screen is divided into four areas:
1. The Message Line and the Help Line.
The bottom line of the screen is used to display error and
informational messages. When no messages are displayed this
line shows instead a single line of "help". Typically the
functions assigned to the F-keys are displayed, but this can be
customised to whatever you find useful.
2. The Status Line.
Getting Started 5
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
Above the message line is the status line. This shows the name
of the current document and the line and column number of the
position of the cursor within the document. If a right-hand
margin has been set this will also be displayed following an "M"
margin indicator. The current typing mode (either "replace" or
"insert") is also indicated.
3. The Command Line.
Above the status line is the command line. Any any valid T
command may be entered here.
4. The Data Area.
The rest of the screen is used to display the document being
edited.
The size of the data area is automatically adjusted to fill the
whole of the screen. Most modern displays can show more than 25
lines and many can show more than 80 columns. T itself cannot
change the size of the display but it will use the full size of the
screen that is available when it is started. So to see rather more
data on the screen first switch to a mode that shows more than 25
lines then invoke T. For example, the following command will
switch to a 43 line 80 column mode under OS/2 or DOS (this needs
DOS 4.00 or later):
MODE CO80,43
2.3 THE HELP FILE
T is supplied with a simple help file which describes the default
key settings and the commands available. When using T for the
first time ensure that the help file THELP.HLP is available in the
current directory of the current drive. Later you can customise
the editor to allow the help file to be kept somewhere else.
Press the F1 key to load and display the help file. Then use the
PgUp and PgDn keys to view the various help panels it contains. If
you have a 40-column display use the Home and End keys to view the
left and right hand panels.
Getting Started 6
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
3.0 EDITING
This section gives a brief introduction to editing with T. It
assumes the editor is used in its default configuration, as
supplied. Later sections describe how to customise the editor.
Anyone who is familiar with the IBM Personal Editor will recognise
the way T works immediately and should be able to skip most of this
section - although a glance at "3.4 Word Processing" on page 10 and
"3.5 Drawing Boxes" on page 12 might be worthwhile.
3.1 KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS
Most of the services that T can perform are accessed through
keyboard functions. These functions are invoked by pressing the
key or key combination to which the function is assigned. Many
functions are assigned to obvious keys, for example the LEFT
function (which moves the cursor one character to the left) is
assigned to the cursor Left key, the RIGHT function (to move the
cursor right) to the cursor Right key and so on. Other functions
are assigned to key combinations that it is hoped provide some sort
of mnemonic for the function concerned, so for example the REPEAT
LINE function (to duplicate the current line) is assigned to Alt-R,
the SPLIT LINE function (to split the current line) to Alt-S and so
on. Full details of these keyboard functions and the keys to which
they are assigned can be found in "2.0 Keyboard Functions" on page
26.
3.2 SIMPLE EDITING
If T is started without any filename (by just entering T on the
command line) it displays and edits a new, empty, unnamed document.
A "Top of File" marker line indicates the top of the document and
an "End of File" marker indicates the end. These marker lines are
not part of the document and may not be edited, although the cursor
may be moved onto them.
3.2.1 THE COMMAND LINE
The cursor is initially placed on the command line, which is the
third line up from the bottom of the screen. Any T command can be
entered on the command line and it is executed when the Enter key
is pressed. As a command is typed mistakes can be corrected using
the functions LEFT, RIGHT and BACKSPACE (assigned to the cursor
Left, cursor Right and the Backspace keys, respectively). When the
editor is in "replace" mode any characters typed overwrite those
already on the screen; when in "insert" mode any characters to the
right of the cursor are shifted right to make room for the new
text. Switch between "insert" and "replace" mode by using the
function INSERT TOGGLE (assigned to the Ins key).
When on the command line the cursor Up and cursor Down keys recall
any previous commands entered. These can then either be entered
Editing 7
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
again directly by pressing Enter or can be altered before being
reused.
3.2.2 THE DATA AREA
The cursor may be switched between the data area and the command
line by using the function COMMAND TOGGLE (Esc key). When the
cursor is on the command line a shadow cursor marks the position in
the data where the real cursor will appear when the function
COMMAND TOGGLE is used.
When the cursor is in the data area it may be moved anywhere
between the "Top of File" and "End of File" marker lines. At any
place text may be typed from the keyboard. If the editor is in
"replace" mode any text typed will overwrite whatever was there
before, if it is in "insert" mode anything to the right of the
cursor will be shifted to the right to make room for the new text.
To add a new line use the function INSERT LINE(Ctrl-Enter) and to
delete a line use the function DELETE LINE (Ctrl-Backspace).
Alternatively if the editor is in "insert" mode just pressing Enter
will insert a new blank line (using the function NEW LINE).
3.2.3 MARKING AND COPYING LINES
A block of one or more lines may be marked by pressing the function
SET MARK (Alt-L) on the first and last lines of the required block.
Marked blocks may be deleted using the function DELETE MARK (Alt-D)
or they be moved or copied somewhere else. To move or copy a mark
first position the cursor at the line above the desired new
position, then use either the function MOVE MARK (Alt-M) or COPY
MARK (Alt-C).
Marked blocks are also useful for limiting the scope of a CHANGE or
LOCATE command (described later).
It is also possible to shift all marked lines one character to the
left or right by using the functions MARK LEFT (Shift-F7) or MARK
RIGHT (Shift-F8) respectively. This can be used to indent blocks
of code when writing programs, for example.
To duplicate a copy of the current line just use the function
REPEAT LINE (Alt-R).
3.2.4 SAVING DOCUMENTS
If a document has a name (displayed on the status line) it can be
saved to disk simply by using the function SAVE (F2); once saved
you may quit the document with the function QUIT (F3). Alternately
you can perform a save and quit in one operation by using the
function SAFE FILE (F4). If a document doesn't have a name you
Editing 8
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
must give it one: either use the NAME command to name the document
or use the SAVE or FILE commands along with a filename parameter.
Note: Using the function SAFE FILE (F4) will not cause the document
to be written to disk if it has not been changed. If you want to
force an unchanged document to be re-written to disk simply use the
FILE command from the command line.
3.2.5 WORKING ON SEVERAL DOCUMENTS
T can edit any number of documents at once. The documents are held
in an edit ring, and although only one can be displayed on the
screen at one time, you can cycle through the ring by using the
functions NEXT FILE (F10) or PREVIOUS FILE (F11). The actual
number of documents you can hold in the ring depends on the size of
each document and how much memory your machine has; each document
has to be completely loaded in memory.
To load multiple documents you can either enter several filenames
when T is started from the command line, or you can issue EDIT
commands to load more files once T is running.
The marked line functions MOVE MARK (Alt-M) and COPY MARK (Alt-C)
are particularly useful when editing several documents as lines can
be moved and copied to and from different documents.
3.3 SEARCH AND REPLACE
3.3.1 SEARCHING
To search for a particular word or phrase in a document switch onto
the command line and use the LOCATE command. In its simplest form
you just enter a command rather like this:
/word
This will search the document for the next occurrence of "word".
T will only search from the current position forwards, so to search
from the top you first need to move to the top by using the
function TOP OF FILE (Ctrl-Home).
Having found a match you can repeat the search to find the next
match simply by using the function REPEAT FIND (Alt-F). If no
further matches can be found before the end of the document the
message "No match found" will be displayed.
Normally LOCATE commands are case-sensitive i.e. a search for
"word" would not find "WORD" or even "Word". To do a
case-insensitive search add the "c" option to the command, like
this:
Editing 9
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
/word/c
3.3.2 REPLACING
To change one word or phrase into something else switch onto the
command line and use the CHANGE command, for example:
C/this/that
This will search for the next occurrence of the word "this" and
then prompt for an action with the message "Yes/No/Go/Last/Quit?".
Hit either Y, N, G, L or Q as appropriate:
Yes To change this occurrence of "this" into "that" and to search
for the next occurrence of "this".
No To skip this change, but to continue searching.
Go To make this change and all further changes to the end of the
document without any further prompting.
Last To make this change and to stop searching, so this becomes
the last change.
Quit To skip this change and stop searching.
To avoid the prompt message and to make all changes straightaway
add the "*" option to the command:
C/this/that/*
3.4 WORD PROCESSING
T is not designed to be a word processor, but it does provide some
very simple word processing functions that are useful for creating
quick notes or for entering marked-up documents that will later be
formatted with a batch formatter.
3.4.1 THE RIGHT MARGIN AND WORD SPILL
The command MARGIN allows a right hand margin column to be set.
When a margin is set the status line indicates its column number
with "M nnn". To set the right hand margin to column 72 you would
enter the command:
MARGIN 72
Editing 10
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
As text is entered into the document any words that are typed
across the right hand margin are automatically word-spilled onto a
new inserted line. This means it is possible to type whole
paragraphs without having to worry about hitting Enter at the end
of each line. As words spill onto a new line they are
automatically indented from the left hand side so as they align
under the first non-blank character of the line above. This makes
it very simple to leave a left margin or to enter whole sections
indented.
3.4.2 THE ADJUST LINE FUNCTION
If corrections need to be made to text entered with a right margin
the text will not be reflowed automatically to keep the margins
correct; in fact after making a number of corrections it will tend
to end up in rather a mess. The function ADJUST LINE (Alt-A) is
provided to tidy up this mess and re-align everything correctly.
ADJUST LINE is performed by pressing Alt-A and will adjust the
current line to the current right margin setting. If the line is
too short it will be filled out with words from the next line down
and if it is too long it will be split in two. As with the
word-spill, when ADJUST LINE spills words onto the next line they
are aligned under the first non-blank character of the preceding
line.
ADJUST LINE will ignore blank lines, skipping over them and moving
the cursor to the next line down, and if a line needs to be split
in two the cursor will move down to the split-off portion. This
makes re-adjusting whole paragraphs very simple, just place the
cursor on the first line of the paragraph and keep pressing Alt-A
until it is re-flowed correctly.
Note: When a line is too short and ADJUST LINE fills with words
from the next line, these words are joined to the line with just
one intervening blank. If before the ADJUST LINE the last
character happened to be a full stop at the end of a sentence you
may need to go back and insert an extra space to maintain the
convention of two blanks following a sentence end.
3.5 DRAWING BOXES
The PC character set contains a group of special symbols that can
be used to draw boxes. T assigns the box corner and intersection
characters to the keys Alt-1 to Alt-9. As a reminder of which box
corner is assigned to which key, just look at the numeric keypad
which is arranged like this:
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
Editing 11
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
So the Alt-7 key produces a top left box corner, the Alt-3 a bottom
right and so on. Remember that the keypad just provides a mnemonic
- you must actually enter characters using the Alt-key and the
numerals along the top of the main keyboard area.
The horizontal line is assigned to Alt-- (Alt-minus) and the
vertical line to Alt-= (Alt-equals). These two may need
reassigning to use other keys on non-English language keyboards,
where the "-" and "=" keys don't appear on the top row just after
the numerals. This can be done by customising the editor (see "4.0
Customising" on page 14).
3.6 PRINTING
To print the current document switch onto the command line and
enter the PRINT command. No special facilities are provided for
formatted printing, the PRINT command will simply write a copy of
the current document to the printer. If used with no parameters
PRINT will write to the device PRN, which for most people will be
the printer attached to their machine. If you have a serially
attached printer or use a LAN printer you may need to specify the
printer device, for example:
PRINT COM1
or PRINT LPT2
To print a piece of a document first mark the block of lines to be
printed, then use the PUT command to write them to a device. A
device must be specified with the PUT command, so normally you
would use:
PUT PRN
3.6.1 PRINTER CONTROL CODES
You may embed printer control codes directly in your documents if
you want to produce special effects such as bold or emphasised.
You will need to refer to your printer's documentation to determine
exactly which control codes are available and what they do.
Control codes can normally be entered directly using the keypad on
the right of the keyboard: hold down the Alt key and type the
decimal value of the required control code on the keypad then
release the Alt key. The control code should appear at the cursor
position, most control codes show up on the screen as odd little
symbols.
Some codes can also be entered using other keys, but these will
require the use of the function ESCAPE (Alt-X). For example to
enter a form feed (ASCII value 12) you can either use the keypad
Editing 12
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
method described above (hold down Alt, key 1 2 on the keypad and
release Alt), or press ESCAPE (Alt-X) followed by Ctrl-L ("L" being
the 12th letter of the alphabet).
3.6.2 PRINTER SET UP
You may prefer not to place the printer control codes directly in
the document, but to keep the document as plain, readable text.
But you may want to send a few special characters to the printer
before printing a document, perhaps to switch the printer to NLQ
mode.
These printer set up sequences can be issued with a DOS ECHO
command, for example to put a Proprinter into NLQ mode issue the
following command:
DOS ECHO xG >PRN
where the "x" should be an ASCII "Esc" control code entered by
hitting Alt-X followed by the Esc key.
Editing 13
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
4.0 CUSTOMISING
This section describes how you can customise T to match your own
preferences for screen colours, keyboard layouts and special
settings. Even if you like T exactly the way it is supplied and
don't want to change any of the colours or keys, you will probably
still need to customise some of the special settings, at least to
tell the editor where you keep its help file.
To customise T you must first construct a custom definition
file, which is described in detail in the next section. Then use
the TKEY.EXE customiser program to customise your copy of the
editor, by entering this command on the DOS or OS/2 command line:
TKEY custom.DEF editor.EXE
Replace "custom.DEF" with the name of your custom definition file
and replace "editor.EXE" with the name the editor you want to
customise. Unless you tell it otherwise TKEY will assume the
custom definition file has an extension of .DEF and the editor of
.EXE. So to customise both the DOS and the OS/2 versions with a
custom definition file called TCUST.DEF you would use the two
commands:
TKEY TCUST T
and TKEY TCUST T2
Once the customising is complete the changes are recorded
permanently inside the editor's .EXE file. You no longer need
either the TKEY program or your custom definition file, unless you
decide to make further changes.
4.1 THE CUSTOM DEFINITION FILE
The custom definition file contains a description of the way you
want T to be configured. An example of a custom definition file is
supplied with T, this is called TKEYS.DEF and contains the
description of the default configuration. This file serves as a
good example of how to write a custom definition, but should be
used for reference only. You should create your own custom
definition file and call it something other than TKEYS.DEF. This
will ensure that if you ever obtain a new copy the T package you do
not lose any changes you made. Of course a good way to start your
own definition file would be to copy TKEYS.DEF under another name.
The custom definition file contains four sorts of item. Normally
each item is placed on a new line, although one item can be split
over several lines or several items can be placed on one line if
desired.
1. Comments.
Customising 14
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
Comments are ignored by the customiser program and serve to make
the definition file more readable. Comments come in three
flavours:
a. Anything between the comment markers /* and */. Comments of
this sort can extend over several lines if required.
b. Anything between the comment marker // and the end of the
line.
c. Several special words and symbols are also ignored: blank
lines, blank spaces, ON, OF, TO, IS, ; (semicolon) and =
(equals sign)..
2. Colour and Mono Commands
Colour and Mono commands define the colours used for the various
parts of the screen on different types of display.
3. Key Commands
Key commands assign keyboard functions or single characters to
keys.
4. Set Commands
Set commands alter the editor's special settings.
In the following descriptions uppercase will be used to indicate
keywords and lowercase to indicate parameters you must enter.
Items in angle brackets are optional. In your custom definition
file you may use any mixture of upper- or lowercase.
4.1.1 COLOUR AND MONO COMMANDS
COLOUR area = <attr> fgcol ON <attr> bgcol
or COLOR area = <attr> fgcol ON <attr> bgcol
or MONO area = <attr> style
Colour and Mono commands define the colours that will be used for
the various areas of the screen. Two forms of the command can be
used, indicated by the keywords COLOUR (spelled COLOR if you
prefer) or MONO. The COLOUR colours are used on colour screens and
the MONO colours are used on monochrome screens or colour screens
when in a black-and-white mode (this latter feature can be useful
when a colour adapter is driving a monochrome screen, as is often
the case with LCD portables).
The following parameters should be provided:
area is an area of the screen. It should be one of:
DATA LINES
MARK LINES
Customising 15
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
SHOW LINES
SHADOW CURSOR
STATUS LINE
HELP LINE
MESSAGE LINE
Most of these refer to the obvious screen items or areas.
SHOW LINES refers to those lines displayed in the data area
that are not a part of the actual document being edited (for
example the "Top of File" marker line).
attr is one or more attributes associated with the colour or
style it precedes. It can be omitted if no attributes are
required or specified as one or more of:
BRIGHT or LIGHT
BLINKING
fgcol is the foreground colour for colour displays, specified as
one of:
BLACK
BLUE
GREEN
TURQUOISE or CYAN
RED
PINK or MAGENTA
BROWN
WHITE
GREY or GRAY
YELLOW
bgcol is the background colour for colour displays specified from
the same choices as the foreground colours. Only the BRIGHT
(or LIGHT) attribute may precede the background colour.
style is the style of text used for monochrome displays specified
as one of:
NORMAL
REVERSE
UNDERLINE
Note: Not all combinations of attributes and colours or styles are
meaningful or useable on all systems, although the customiser
program may accept them. In particular the BRIGHT attribute has no
effect on the REVERSE style, the UNDERLINED style may not always be
available, the colour YELLOW is the same as BRIGHT BROWN and the
colour GREY is the same as BRIGHT BLACK. Also note that on some
machines a BRIGHT background will actually produce a BLINKING
foreground instead - bear this in mind if YELLOW (i.e. BRIGHT
BROWN) or GREY (i.e. BRIGHT BLACK) are chosen as background
colours.
Customising 16
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
4.1.2 KEY COMMANDS
KEY <shift->keyname = function
or DEF <shift->keyname = function
or KEY <shift->keyname = character
or DEF <shift->keyname = character
Key commands assign the editor's keyboard functions or single ASCII
characters to user definable keys. The parameters are:
shift- is the shift key that must be pressed. It is omitted
for unshifted keys or specified as one of:
S- for either of the shift keys
C- for the Ctrl key
A- for the Alt key
keyname is chosen from:
A to Z
0 to 9
F1 to F12
- (the minus key)
= (the equals key)
[ (the open square bracket key)
] (the close square bracket key)
\ (the backslash key)
ESC
TAB
BACKSPACE
ENTER
PADENTER
HOME
END
PGUP
PGDN
UP
DOWN
LEFT
RIGHT
INS
DEL
PAD5
Not all shift-keyname combinations are valid, and some
are not available for use on the older PC keyboard (the
one with 10 F-keys over on the left). See "Appendix B.
User Definable Keys" on page 46 for a full list of
combinations.
function is one of the keyboard functions. The full list of
keyboard functions is defined in "2.0 Keyboard
Functions" on page 26.
Customising 17
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
character is a single ASCII character. This can either be
specified as the character itself in quotes, or using
the form:
ASCII nnn
where nnn is the character's ASCII code point. This
allows characters not normally present on the keyboard
(such as the box drawing characters) to be assigned to
keys.
4.1.3 SET COMMANDS
SET item = value
Set commands allow customising of the special editor settings.
These are described in detail in "3.0 Settings" on page 36.
4.2 THE HELP AND USER FUNCTIONS
The HELP and USER keyboard functions are rather special and quite
powerful features. The HELP and USER functions work in an
identical way, the fact that one is called "HELP" is only really to
suggest a good use for the function. Once you are familiar with
the way T works you may decide you no longer really need a help
system, and you can then use the HELP function for something else
completely.
The functions are defined by two items in the custom definition
file. Firstly the keyboard function is assigned to key, and
secondly a T command is assigned to the function. For example:
KEY F1 = HELP
SET HELP COMMAND = "EDIT THELP.HLP"
In this example the HELP keyboard function is assigned to the F1
key and the function is then assigned the command "EDIT THELP.HLP".
When the HELP keyboard function is pressed (i.e. F1 is pressed)
T will execute the assigned command, just as if it had been typed
on the command line. In this example it will therefore load and
display a help file.
The command that is assigned to the function can be any command
that could be entered on the T command line, so some other useful
applications might be:
- Use the standard T help file but locate it in the \EDITORS
subdirectory on the C: drive:
Customising 18
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
KEY F1 = HELP
SET HELP COMMAND = "T C:\EDITORS\THELP.HLP"
- Set Alt-P to print the current document to COM1:
KEY A-P = USER
SET USER COMMAND = "PRINT COM1"
- Set Alt-H to invoke an external HELP program for a subject
called "T":
KEY A-H = HELP
SET HELP COMMAND = "DOS HELP T"
- Set the F5 key to shell out to a DOS or OS/2 command prompt:
KEY F5 = USER
SET USER COMMAND = "DOS"
4.3 THE ENHANCED KEYBOARD
Most recent PCs and all PS/2s come with IBM's Enhanced Keyboard.
This is the keyboard with twelve function keys arranged across the
top and an extra set of cursor control keys between the typewriter
keys and the numeric keypad. Older PCs and some notebook style
machines have a keyboard with just ten function keys. To make use
of the extra keys on the Enhanced Keyboard a program must work in a
different way from that which was used to handle the old-style
keyboards, if the old-style interface is used only the subset of
keys present on the older keyboard will be recognised.
T attempts to determine which type of keyboard interface to use, so
that if an Enhanced Keyboard is attached all its keys will be
available. However the tests used to decide which type of keyboard
is present can be fooled by some non-IBM BIOSs and by some older
TSR programs that were created before the Enhanced Keyboard was
available. This usually shows up as a problem when the editor
starts: the command line becomes full of a repeated character and
the editor hangs.
In situations like these you must force T to use the old keyboard
interface by putting this line in your custom definition file:
SET KEYBOARD TYPE = STANDARD
Customising 19
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
Part 2. Editor Reference
Part 2. Editor Reference 20
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
1.0 COMMANDS
This section describes each of the commands that may be entered on
the T command line. In describing the syntax of the commands,
uppercase letters are used for the command name and lowercase
letters for any parameters you must supply. Optional parameters
are enclosed in angle brackets. Commands may actually be entered
in any mixture of upper- or lowercase.
Where the parameters call for a filename any valid DOS or OS/2 file
name may be used. This may include the drive letter and directory
path if required; if none is given the current drive and directory
will be used, following the normal conventions. When using the
OS/2 High Performance File System (HPFS) filenames are not limited
to the DOS "8-dot-3" format and any upper- or lowercase characters
used will be preserved.
1.1 APPEND
APPEND filename
The currently marked lines are written to the file
"filename". The lines are added to the end of the file, preserving
any former contents. The file is created if it does not exist.
1.2 CHANGE
C /target/replacement</options>
The next occurrence of the text "target" starting from the current
cursor position, is located. Then the message
"Yes/No/Go/Last/Quit?" is displayed, to which you should reply with
one of:
Y to change this instance of "target" into
"replacement". The next occurrence of "target" is then found
and the process repeats.
N to not change this instance of "target", but to continue
searching for the next occurrence.
G to change this instance of "target" into
"replacement" and then to change all further instances (until to
end of the document) without further prompting.
L to change this instance of "target" into
"replacement" and then to stop the command, so this becomes the
last change made.
Q to stop the change command without making any further changes.
Commands 21
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
The "/" character is a delimiter and can be replaced with any
character that does not occur in either the "target" or the
"replacement". Note that the delimiter is the first non-blank
character following the C command.
Following a final delimiter any of these options may be used:
m to restrict the changes to the marked lines only.
* to change all occurrences of "target" to
"replacement" without prompting.
Note: Change commands are always case-sensitive.
1.3 DOS
DOS <command>
or .<command>
A secondary DOS or OS/2 shell is started to execute the
"command". A full stop may be used as a quick abbreviation for the
word DOS.
If no "command" is given the DOS or OS/2 command line prompt will
appear. You can return to T by entering the command EXIT.
1.4 EDIT
EDIT <filename>
or E <filename>
or T <filename>
If a "filename" is given T will switch directly to display that
document. The file will be loaded from disk, if it is not already
in the edit ring.
If no "filename" is given the next document in the edit ring will
be selected.
1.5 FILE
FILE <filename>
or F <filename>
The current document will be saved to disk and then removed from
the edit ring. If a "filename" is given the document will be saved
under this name, otherwise the name shown on the status line will
be used.
Commands 22
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
1.6 GET
GET filename
The contents of "filename" will be inserted into the current
document following the current line.
1.7 GOTO
GOTO linenum
or linenum
Line number "linenum" will become the current line and will be
displayed on the focus line. If "linenum" is bigger than the
number of lines in the document the last line will become the
current line. The word GOTO is optional, just entering the
required "linenum" on the command line is sufficient.
1.8 LOCATE
L /target</options>
or /target</options>
The next occurrence of the text "target", starting from the current
cursor position, will be located and displayed on the focus line.
If the "L /target" form of the command is used the delimiter,
"/", may be replaced by any character that does not occur in
"target".
Following a final delimiter any of these options may be used:
m to restrict the search to the marked lines only.
e to force an exact-case match.
c to force an any-case match. (Apologies to non-English speakers:
only the 26 letters "a" to "z" are correctly handled.)
Note: if neither e nor c is given the editor's EXACT MATCH setting
is used. This may be customised - refer to "4.0 Customising" on
page 14 for more details.
1.9 MARGIN
MARGIN column
or M column
Commands 23
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
The right hand margin will be set to "column". To remove the right
hand margin enter a column value of zero. The margin column is
displayed on the status line in the form "M nnn".
The margin is used by the word-spill features: as words are typed
across the margin column they are automatically spilled onto the
next line. It is also used by the ADJUST LINE keyboard function
(see "3.4 Word Processing" on page 10).
1.10 NAME
NAME <name>
or N <name>
The current document will be renamed to "name".
1.11 PRINT
PRINT <device>
The current document will be printed. It is printed to the named
"device", if one is specified, otherwise the device PRN is used.
1.12 PUT
PUT filename
The currently marked lines will be written to the file
"filename". Any former contents of the file are lost.
Note: The marked lines can be printed using the command PUT PRN.
1.13 QUIT
QUIT <ALL>
or Q <ALL>
If used without the "ALL" parameter the current document will be
removed from the edit ring. It will not be saved to disk. If any
changes have been made, since the document was last saved, the
message "Throw away changes? (y/n)" is displayed; hit either Y or N
as appropriate.
If the "ALL" parameter is specified all the current documents will
be discarded without saving any changes and the editor will end and
return to the operating system. This parameter should be used with
care.
Commands 24
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
1.14 SAVE
SAVE <filename>
or S <filename>
The current document will be saved to disk. If a
"filename" is given the document will be saved under this name,
otherwise the name shown on the status line will be used.
1.15 VERSION
VER
The T name, version number and copyright notice will be displayed.
Commands 25
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.0 KEYBOARD FUNCTIONS
This section describes each of the keyboard functions that are
available to the editor. Keyboard functions are invoked by
pressing the key to which they have been assigned. This assignment
is made in a custom definition file using entries of the form:
KEY key = function
or DEF key = function
The descriptions which follow include the default key to which the
function is assigned.
2.1 ADJUST LINE
Default key: Alt-A
Adjusts the current line to the right hand margin setting. If the
line extends beyond the margin it is split; if it does not reach
the margin it is filled with words from the next line. If a split
occurs and the special setting AUTOMATIC INDENT is ON (see "3.0
Settings" on page 36), the split-off portion will align under the
first non-blank character of the previous line.
ADJUST LINE will ignore blank lines and, when a line is split, the
cursor will move to the split-off portion. This makes it
particularly simple to re-adjust a paragraph after making changes
or altering the right hand margin.
2.2 BACKSPACE
Default key: Backspace
Deletes the character to the left of the cursor, and moves the
cursor one character to the left.
2.3 CLEAR MARK
Default key: Alt-U
Un-marks any marked lines.
2.4 COMMAND TOGGLE
Default key: Esc
Switches the cursor between the command line and the data area.
When the cursor is on the command line a shadow cursor marks the
current position in the data.
Keyboard Functions 26
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.5 COPY MARK
Default key: Alt-C
Inserts a copy the marked lines following the current line. If
there are several documents in the edit ring this may be used to
copy lines from one document to another.
2.6 DELETE CHARACTER
Default key: Del
Deletes the character at the cursor.
2.7 DELETE LINE
Default key: Ctrl-Backspace
Deletes the current line.
2.8 DELETE MARK
Default key: Alt-D
Deletes the marked lines.
2.9 DOWN
Default key: Down
Moves the cursor down one line.
2.10 EDIT
Default key: F8
Switches to the command line and keys in the command EDIT, ready
for you to enter a filename.
2.11 END OF FILE
Default key: Ctrl-End
Makes the current line the last line in the document, and positions
this line at the bottom of the screen.
Keyboard Functions 27
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.12 END OF LINE
Default key: End
Moves the cursor to the position one character after the last
character on the current line.
2.13 END OF MARK
Default key: Alt-E
Makes the current line the last marked line, and positions this
line on the focus line. If the marked lines are in a different
document that document will become the current document.
2.14 END OF SCREEN
Default key: Ctrl-PgDn
Moves the cursor to the last line of the document on the screen.
2.15 ESCAPE
Default key: Alt-X
This allows the entry of ASCII characters using keys on the
keyboard that would normally perform a function. Typically this is
useful when entering printer control codes into a document.
For example to enter the ASCII "Esc" character first use the
ESCAPE function then press the Esc key.
It is also possible to enter any ASCII character from 1 to 255
using the numeric keypad on the right of the keyboard. Press and
hold the Alt key then type the decimal ASCII value on the keypad,
release the Alt key and the character will appear. Using the
keypad in this way does not require the ESCAPEfunction.
Note: To enter an ASCII NUL (character code 0) use the Ctrl-2 key.
2.16 FILE
Default key: None
Writes the current document to disk using the name shown on the
status line, then removes the document from the edit ring.
Keyboard Functions 28
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.17 FOCUS
Default key: F12
This places the current line onto the defined screen focus line.
The focus line is defined by the special setting FOCUS LINE (see
"3.0 Settings" on page 36).
2.18 HELP
Default key: F1
Causes the command specified by the special setting HELP COMMAND
(see "3.0 Settings" on page 36) to be executed. Refer to "4.2 The
HELP and USER Functions" on page 18 for more details about using
the HELP function.
2.19 INSERT LINE
Default key: Ctrl-Enter and Ctrl-PadEnter
Inserts a new blank line following the current line. If the
special setting AUTOMATIC INDENT is ON the cursor will be aligned
under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.
2.20 INSERT TOGGLE
Default key: Ins
Toggles the editor between "insert" and "replace" modes. The shape
of the cursor and the Rep/Ins indicator on the status line show
which mode is active.
2.21 JOIN LINE
Default key: Alt-J
Joins together the current line and the following line. The lines
are joined with a single blank between them.
2.22 LEFT
Default key: Left
Moves the cursor one character to the left.
Keyboard Functions 29
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.23 MARK LEFT
Default key: Shift-F7
The marked lines are shifted one character to the left. Only the
characters to the right of the cursor position are shifted, so if
you want to shift the whole line be sure to first position the
cursor at the left hand edge. Any characters moved to the left of
the cursor column are lost.
2.24 MARK RIGHT
Default key: Shift-F8
The marked lines are shifted one character to the right. Only the
characters to the right of the cursor position are shifted, so if
you want to shift the whole line be sure to first position the
cursor at the left hand edge.
2.25 MOVE MARK
Default key: Alt-M
Moves the marked lines so they come after the current line. If
there are several documents in the edit ring this may be used to
move lines from one document to another.
2.26 NAME
Default key: F7
Switches to the command line and keys in the command NAME, ready
for you to enter a new document name.
2.27 NEW LINE
Default key: Enter
If in "insert" mode this will perform an INSERT LINE function, if
in "replace" mode it will perform a NEXT LINE function.
2.28 NEXT FILE
Default key: F10
Makes the next document in the edit ring the current document.
Keyboard Functions 30
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.29 NEXT LINE
Default key: PadEnter
Moves the cursor to the start of the next line in the document.
2.30 NEXT TAB
Default key: Tab
Moves the cursor right to the next tab stop. Tab stops are defined
by the special setting TAB SPACING (see "3.0 Settings" on page 36).
2.31 NEXT WORD
Default key: Ctrl-Right
Moves the cursor to the first character of the next word on the
line. A word is considered to be sequence of non-blank characters.
2.32 NOTHING
This function does nothing. It is used when customising the editor
to remove the default function from a key.
2.33 PAGE DOWN
Default key: PgDn
Scrolls the current document down by one screen-full.
2.34 PAGE UP
Default key: PgUp
Scrolls the current document up by one screen-full.
2.35 PREVIOUS FILE
Default keys: F11
Makes the previous document in the edit ring the current document.
Keyboard Functions 31
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.36 PREVIOUS TAB
Default key: Shift-Tab
Moves the cursor left to the previous tab stop. Tab stops are
defined by the special setting TAB SPACING (see "3.0 Settings" on
page 36).
2.37 PREVIOUS WORD
Default key: Ctrl-Left
Moves the cursor to the first character of the previous word on the
line. A word is considered to be sequence of non-blank characters.
2.38 QUIT
Default key: F3
Removes the current document from the edit ring. If changes have
been made to the document since it was last saved the message
"Throw away changes? (y/n)" is displayed; hit either Y or N as
appropriate.
2.39 REPEAT FIND
Default key: Alt-F
Repeats the last LOCATE command that was issued.
2.40 REPEAT LINE
Default key: Alt-R
Inserts a copy of the current line immediately following the
current line.
2.41 RIGHT
Default key: Right
Moves the cursor one character to the right.
2.42 SAFE FILE
Default key: F4
If the document has changed this performs the FILEfunction, if the
document has not changed it performs a QUIT.
Keyboard Functions 32
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.43 SAVE
Default key: F2
Writes the current document to disk under the name shown on the
status line.
2.44 SCROLL DOWN
Default key: Shift-F4
Scrolls the entire screen down by one line.
2.45 SCROLL LEFT
Default key: Shift-F1
Scrolls the entire screen left by one character.
2.46 SCROLL RIGHT
Default key: Shift-F2
Scrolls the entire screen right by one character.
2.47 SCROLL UP
Default key: Shift-F3
Scrolls the entire screen up by one line.
2.48 SET MARK
Default key: Alt-L
Marks one or more lines thus:
- If no lines are marked the current line only is marked.
- If one or more lines are already marked and the current line is
outside the mark, the mark is extended to include the current
line.
- If one or more lines are already marked and the current line is
inside the mark, the mark is shrunk so the current line becomes
the bottom of the mark.
Keyboard Functions 33
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.49 SPLIT LINE
Default key: Alt-S
Splits the current line into two at the cursor position. If the
special setting AUTOMATIC INDENT is ON the split-off portion aligns
under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.
2.50 START OF LINE
Default key: Home
Moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
2.51 TOP OF FILE
Default key: Ctrl-Home
Makes the current line the first line in the document, and
positions this line at the top of the screen.
2.52 TOP OF MARK
Default key: Alt-Y
Makes the current line the first marked line. If the marked lines
are in a different document that document will become the current
document.
2.53 TOP OF SCREEN
Default key: Ctrl-PgUp
Moves the cursor to the first line of the document on the screen.
2.54 TRUNCATE LINE
Default keys: Alt-T
Deletes all the characters on the current line to the right of the
cursor.
2.55 UNDO
Default key: F9
Provides a very limited error recovery. Any changes made to the
current line are undone.
Keyboard Functions 34
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
2.56 UP
Default key: Up
Moves the cursor up one line.
2.57 USER
Default key: F5
Causes the command specified by the special setting USER COMMAND
(see "3.0 Settings" on page 36) to be executed. Refer to "4.2 The
HELP and USER Functions" on page 18 for more information about the
USER function.
Keyboard Functions 35
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
3.0 SETTINGS
This section describes each of the special settings that may be
defined when customising the editor. These are entered in a custom
definition file using entries of the form:
SET item = value
3.1 AUTOMATIC INDENT
SET AUTOMATIC INDENT = ON
or SET AUTOMATIC INDENT = OFF
This defines what the cursor will do when a new line is inserted.
If it is set ON the cursor will be automatically indented so it
aligns under the first non-blank character of the preceding line.
If it is set OFF the cursor will always move to the left hand edge.
The action of word-spill and the functions SPLIT LINE and ADJUST
LINE are also affected by this setting.
3.2 CGA SNOW
SET CGA SNOW = ON
or SET CGA SNOW = OFF
The old CGA card for the PC can produce "snow" on the display if
the display is updated at the wrong times. This can be eliminated
but at the expense of slowing down scrolling speed. When set to
OFF T will look for the presence of the old CGA card and if it
finds one it will ensure the snow does not occur. When set to ON
T will not attempt to eliminate the snow.
Some types of display may appear to T as the old CGA adapter when
in fact they are not and so could never create the snow problem.
This is true for PCJrs, 3270PCs, some clone displays and the LCD
displays found on many older laptops. When using one of these
displays setting CGA SNOW to ON may improve scrolling speed
somewhat.
This setting is ignored if a more recent display adapter (EGA, VGA,
SVGA etc.) is installed, since these can never suffer from the
"snow" problem.
Settings 36
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
3.3 COMMAND RECALL
SET COMMAND RECALL = ON
or SET COMMAND RECALL = OFF
This specifies whether or not previous command line commands will
be kept available for recall by the cursor up and cursor down keys.
If it is set ON command line commands are saved, if it is set OFF
commands cannot be recalled.
3.4 COMMAND TOGGLE
SET COMMAND TOGGLE = DATA
or SET COMMAND TOGGLE = COMMAND
This determines whether, when a new document is loaded, the cursor
starts in the data area or on the command line.
3.5 EXACT MATCH
SET EXACT MATCH = ON
or SET EXACT MATCH = OFF
This determines whether, by default, LOCATE commands take account
of upper and lower case during searching. If set ON the search
must match exactly, if set OFF upper and lower case are considered
identical. The default can always be overridden with the locate
command options "e" or "c".
Note: Exact case match searches are very much faster and would be
preferable when searching large documents.
3.6 FOCUS LINE
SET FOCUS LINE = row
or SET FOCUS LINE = -row
or SET FOCUS LINE = OFF
The FOCUS LINE is the line within the data area that is used to
display the current line when the FOCUS keyboard function is used.
It is also the line used to display the result of a LOCATE or GOTO
command. The line may be specified as a positive number from the
top of the screen or a negative number from the bottom of the
screen.
If set to OFF no focus row is defined. The FOCUS function will
have no effect and the target of LOCATE and GOTO commands will be
displayed on whatever line currently contains the cursor.
Settings 37
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
3.7 HELP COMMAND
SET HELP COMMAND = command
The "command" should be a enclosed in single or double quotes. It
is the T command that will be executed when the HELP keyboard
function is pressed. Any valid T command can be given.
For example:
SET HELP COMMAND = "T THELP.HLP"
3.8 HELP LINE
SET HELP LINE = text
The "text" should be enclosed in single or double quotes. It is
the text that will be displayed on the bottom line of the screen
when there are no messages.
Several "text" strings may be specified and they will concatenated
together, this can be useful if you want to split the text over
more than one line.
For example:
SET HELP LINE = "F1=Help F2=Save F3=Quit"
3.9 INSERT CURSOR
SET INSERT CURSOR = LINE
or SET INSERT CURSOR = HALF
or SET INSERT CURSOR = FULL
This sets the shape of the cursor that is used when T is in
"insert" typing mode. LINE uses an underscore line cursor, HALF
uses a half-height character block and FULL uses a full-height
character block.
3.10 INSERT TOGGLE
SET INSERT TOGGLE = REPLACE
or SET INSERT TOGGLE = INSERT
Settings 38
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
This determines whether T initially starts up in "insert" or
"replace" mode.
3.11 KEYBOARD TYPE
SET KEYBOARD TYPE = DEFAULT
or SET KEYBOARD TYPE = STANDARD
If set to DEFAULT T will test if an Enhanced Keyboard (with 12
F-keys across the top) is installed and if it finds one it will
automatically make full use of it.
If set to STANDARD T will assume the keyboard is an old style
keyboard (with 10 F-keys over on the left). This provides
compatibility with some clone BIOSs and with some older TSR
programs, but loses the ability to use the newer keys like F11 and
F12. See "4.3 The Enhanced Keyboard" on page 19 for more details.
3.12 LINE END
SET LINE END = DEFAULT
or SET LINE END = DOS
or SET LINE END = UNIX
This determines how line ends will be interpreted when files are
read from and written to disk. If set to DOS line ends are
indicated by the pair of characters hex 0D (carriage return)
followed by hex 0A (line feed), as is the standard for DOS
applications. If set to UNIX lines ends are indicated by the
single character hex 0A (new line), as is the standard for UNIX
applications.
When set to DEFAULT, T will read both DOS and UNIX style files and
will always write DOS style files.
3.13 REPLACE CURSOR
SET REPLACE CURSOR = LINE
or SET REPLACE CURSOR = HALF
or SET REPLACE CURSOR = FULL
This sets the shape of the cursor that is used when T is in
"replace" typing mode. LINE uses an underscore line cursor, HALF
uses a half-height character block and FULL uses a full-height
character block.
Settings 39
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
3.14 RIGHT MARGIN
SET RIGHT MARGIN = column
or SET RIGHT MARGIN = OFF
This sets an initial right hand margin column. See "3.4 Word
Processing" on page 10 for details about the function of the
margin. If set to OFF no initial margin is set.
3.15 SEGMENT SIZE
SET SEGMENT SIZE = DEFAULT
or SET SEGMENT SIZE = size
This determines the size of the storage segments that T obtains
from the operating system. It should be set to a number between 8
and 64 which specifies the segment size in K-bytes, or to DEFAULT
which gives the best size for the operating system. In turn this
segment size determines the maximum line length that can be
handled; the maximum being a few bytes less than the segment size.
In general DOS works best with smaller segment sizes and OS/2 works
better with larger sizes. Setting DEFAULT will provide 8K segments
under DOS and 64K under OS/2.
3.16 TAB EXPAND
SET TAB EXPAND = ON
or SET TAB EXPAND = OFF
This setting determines how T will treat tab characters in
documents that are read from disk. If set ON tabs will be expanded
with spaces up to the next tab stop (as determined by the TAB
SPACING setting). If set OFF tabs are treated just like any other
character.
Note: If set ON the tabs are expanded to spaces as the document is
loaded from disk and are then discarded. If the document is saved
it will not contain the original tab characters.
3.17 TAB SPACING
SET TAB SPACING = number
Tabs are equally spaced across the document starting from column 1.
The spacing is set with this option.
Settings 40
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
For example:
SET TAB SPACING = 8
3.18 USER COMMAND
SET USER COMMAND = command
The "command" should be enclosed in single or double quotes. It is
the T command that will be executed when the USER keyboard function
is pressed. Any valid T command can given.
For example:
SET USER COMMAND = "DOS"
Settings 41
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
APPENDIX A. MESSAGES
This section provides a list of all the messages that T produces.
It gives the reasons for each message and the action that should be
taken.
Except where noted these messages will all be displayed in the
editor's message line and will be removed at the next keystroke.
Cannot call OS
The DOS command was unable to start up a secondary DOS or OS/2
command processor. Normally this indicates that there is not
enough free memory, you will have to remove some documents from the
ring if you want to issue the DOS command.
If you believe there is enough free memory and the problem still
exists it may be that DOS cannot locate its command processor.
From the DOS prompt issue the command SET; you should see a series
of lines one of which is of this form indicating where your copy of
COMMAND.COM is located:
COMSPEC=d:\path\COMMAND.COM
If this is not present or is incorrect you may need to add a SET
COMSPEC= line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
Cannot open file
T is unable to open the requested disk file. Normally this means
that the filename is invalid for some reason, perhaps it contains
characters not valid in a file name, or perhaps it conflicts with
the name of a device or directory already on the disk.
On a diskette system it may also indicate that the diskette drive
is not ready, perhaps it does not contain a diskette or the drive
door is open.
Error reading file
An error occurred while a document was being read from disk. This
is rare error and might indicate there are problems with the disk.
Error writing file - NOT saved
An error occurred while a document was being written to disk.
Normally this means the disk became full while the file was being
written. You should save the file to another disk, one that has
enough free space.
File not found
You attempted to GET a file that does not exist. Check the
spelling of the filename, maybe the file you want is not in the
Appendix A. Messages 42
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
current directory and so needs a drive and/or directory path
pre-pended to it.
Incorrect parameter
The parameter supplied to a T command was incorrect. For the GOTO
and MARGIN command the parameter must be a number less than 65535,
for the QUIT command no parameter other than ALL is valid.
Line too long
This message indicates an attempt was made to load or to create a
line longer than the maximum possible line length. If this happens
while loading a file the load will be aborted, the document in
memory will be incomplete so you should QUIT straight away without
saving. Maximum line length is affected by the SEGMENT SIZE
special setting - refer to "3.0 Settings" on page 36 for more
details.
Loading...
Displays while a document is being loaded from disk.
Mark already set
You tried to mark a line, but a mark already exists in another
document in the ring, only one document at a time may contain a
mark. If you no longer require the other mark first use the
function CLEAR MARK.
New file
You asked to edit a document that does not exist on disk. T has
created a new empty document with the name you specified.
No filename given
The commands GET, PUT and APPEND must have a filename parameter
specified.
No marked lines
The commands PUT and APPEND work on the currently marked lines.
Some lines must be marked if the command is used.
No match found
The "target" specified in a LOCATE or CHANGE command cannot be
found. Remember that these commands only search from the current
position forwards to the end of the document. To search from the
top first use the function TOP OF FILE.
Out of memory
Appendix A. Messages 43
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
T has run out of memory, you should save one or more of the
documents in the ring to make space before continuing. Most T
commands and functions have no effect while the "Out of memory"
condition exists.
Press any key to continue
This message is printed by the secondary DOS or OS/2 command shell
started by the DOS command. It is produced just before the command
shell returns to T, and allows you some time to read whatever
output is on the screen.
Printer not ready
The PRINT command could not complete correctly. This may mean the
printer is not turned on or set online, or it is not connected, or
that it has run out of paper. Or any number of other reasons that
cause printers to fail.
Printing...
Displays while a document is being printed.
Saving...
Displays while a document is being saved.
Source and destination conflict
You cannot move or copy marked lines on top of themselves. Move
the cursor out of the marked area and try again.
T cannot be started
This message is printed by DOS if, when T is first loaded, there is
not enough free memory get it started. This can happen if you have
a lot of TSR type programs loaded or if you are nested inside
several other applications.
Throw away changes? (y/n)
You tried to QUIT a document that has been changed since it was
last saved. This message gives you a chance to save changes if the
QUIT was selected accidentally.
Type a character...
The ESCAPE function takes the next character entered on the
keyboard as an absolute ASCII code and enters it into the document.
While ESCAPE is waiting for this character it displays a message.
Unknown command
You entered a command on the command line that is not a T command.
Check the spelling of the command, or precede it by the word DOS
Appendix A. Messages 44
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
(or a full stop) if it is a DOS or OS/2 command rather than a T
command.
Yes/No/Go/Last/Quit?
The CHANGE command issues this message when it finds its
"target" text. Refer to "1.2 CHANGE" on page 21 for details of the
CHANGE command.
Appendix A. Messages 45
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
APPENDIX B. USER DEFINABLE KEYS
This section lists all the valid names and combinations of the user
definable keys that can be entered in a custom definition file.
Keys shown in parentheses are only available with the Enhanced
Keyboard.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1. Unshifted Keys
Esc Enter Tab Backspace (PadEnter)
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
F6 F7 F8 F9 F10
(F11) (F12)
Home End PgUp PgDn
Left Right Up Down
Ins Del (Pad5)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2. Shift Keys
s-Tab
s-F1 s-F2 s-F3 s-F4 s-F5
s-F6 s-F7 s-F8 s-F9 s-F10
(s-F11) (s-F12)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 3. Ctrl Keys
c-Enter (c-Tab) c-Backspace (c-PadEnter)
c-a c-b c-c c-d c-e
c-f c-g c-h c-i c-j
c-k c-l c-m c-n c-o
c-p c-q c-r c-s c-t
c-u c-v c-w c-x c-y
c-z
c-2 c-6
c-F1 c-F2 c-F3 c-F4 c-F5
c-F6 c-F7 c-F8 c-F9 c-F10
(c-F11) (c-F12)
c-Home c-End c-PgUp c-PgDn
c-Left c-Right (c-Up) (c-Down)
(c-Ins) (c-Del) (c-Pad5)
c-- c-[ c-] c-\
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix B. User Definable Keys 46
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 4. Alt Keys
(a-Enter) (a-Tab) (a-Backspace) (a-PadEnter)
a-a a-b a-c a-d a-e
a-f a-g a-h a-i a-j
a-k a-l a-m a-n a-o
a-p a-q a-r a-s a-t
a-u a-v a-w a-x a-y
a-z
a-1 a-2 a-3 a-4 a-5
a-6 a-7 a-8 a-9 a-0
a-F1 a-F2 a-F3 a-F4 a-F5
a-F6 a-F7 a-F8 a-F9 a-F10
(a-F11) (a-F12)
(a-Home) (a-End) (a-PgUp) (a-PgDn)
(a-Left) (a-Right) (a-Up) (a-Down)
(a-Ins) (a-Del)
a-- a-=
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Appendix B. User Definable Keys 47
===================================================================
===================================================================
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1987, 1993
Printed in the U.K.