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1993-12-30
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The RUSSAIR collection of planes for Microsoft Flight Simulator 4.0b.
Documentation
(Updated November 7, 1993)
Copyright 1992-1993 by Russell Mueller
Member of the Association of Shareware Professionals
_______
____|__ | (R)
--| | |-------------------
| ____|__ | Association of
| | |_| Shareware
|__| o | Professionals
-----| | |---------------------
|___|___| MEMBER
"AAF model of Hughes-Kaiser HK-1 Flying Boat"
(Also called the H-4 Hercules)
(1st Edition) by Russell Mueller, 1993
An add-on aircraft for Microsoft Flight Simulator V.4.0b.
Created with Mallard's Aircraft & Adventure Factory
(AAF not required)
MODEL AND MANUFACTURER:
H-4 Hercules or Hughes-Kaiser HK-1
Hughes Aircraft Company
Culver City, CA
FILES:
HK1_____. Copy this file to your \FS4 directory to fly
HK1_____.SIM Copy this file to your \FS4 directory to fly
HK1_____.DOC This documentation file
GENERAL INFORMATION:
An historic plane, the Hughes-Kaiser HK-1 was
contracted by the U.S. government for a flying boat
of massive proportions to enable troops to be flown
across the Atlantic. This was proposed by
Howard Robard Hughes as a means to eliminate the German
U-Boat threat in the early part of World War II.
The initial contract was based on a collaboration
between industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and Howard Hughes.
Mr. Kaiser had established himself as capable of quickly
setting up production facilities, demonstrated with his
production of the Martin Mars seaplane, and Hughes had
established his reputation with his record-breaking H-1
racer and the strength of his tool company which was
started by his father. After construction of the
Culver City, CA Hughes Aircraft Company, the flying boat
was primarily a Howard Hughes design and construction.
The design was limited or perhaps guided by the
government requirement that the plane could not use any
strategic materials, and so was designed from the start
to be built from wood. Although nicknamed by the press
as the "Spruce Goose", there was very little spruce used
in its construction. Mr. Hughes chose birch as the
primary construction material. Design and construction
proceeded slowly, and in fact it was several years after
the end of World War II before the HK-1 was completed
and test flown. The delays lead to a Congressional
investigation into the Hughes Aircraft Company and
focused on Mr. Hughes. In the end, the Senate
subcomittee hearings were unable to pin any wrong doings
on Mr. Hughes, although Mr. Hughes was very successful
(as reflected in popular opinion polls of the time) in
counter-attacking Senator Ralph Owen Brewster of Maine
and Senator Homer Ferguson of Michigan. Howard Hughes
alleged that Brewster's investigation was based on
revenge for Hughes' lack of supporting a national
airline bill, which would have no doubt benefited
Pan American, in which Brewster had more than a passing
interest, while at the same time crushing its nearest
competitor, TWA, which Hughes owned at the time. During
the hearings, the flying boat was referred to as
"The Spruce Goose"and "The Flying Lumberyard" by the
media, neither of which Howard Hughes found very
complimentary.
On November 2, 1947, the HK-1 was test flown after
2 successful high speed taxi runs in Los Angeles harbor.
The plane weighed about 280,000 lbs for the test flight
and lifted off with 15 degrees of flaps at about 75 mph.
The plane reached about 100 knots during the short 1 mile
flight. It is not clear that the flight was intentional
based on interviews with passengers, crew, and even
Howard Hughes, himself, who was test piloting the plane.
At any rate, the HK-1 was never again flown, although
for many years, it was kept in a state of flight
readiness, and was subjected to updates and repairs of
its flight control systems, and strehngtheing of the
general structure.
In 1948, Hughes built a special climate controlled
hangar at Long Beach, CA. In 1953, the plane was
severely damaged in a flood which floated the plane up
against of the roof of the hangar and damaged props,
wings and empennage. The plane was repaired. In 1949,
the General Services Administration took over the title
to the HK-1. The GSA turned the title for the plane
over to the Smithsonian, who did not want the plane, but
did want the Hughes H-1 Racer. A deal was struck with
Summa Corporation, the umbrella corporation for Hughes
enterprises. The Smithsonain exchanged the HK-1 for the
Hughes Racer and $700,000. When the Summa Corporation
wanted to get rid of the Flying Boat in 1975 by breaking
it up and distributing parts to museums, there was a
public outcry which resulted in the donation to the
Aero Club of Southern California. The Aero Club
negotiated a deal with the Wrather Corporation (operator
of the Disneyland Hotel) for display next to the
Queen Mary in Long Beach. It remained on public display
until the Wrather Corporation decided that the display
was unprofitable and title for the HK-1 was transferred
to the Evergreen International company, who has plans
to display the HK-1 intact at a new museum now under
construction. The plane was moved in November-December
1992 to its new home.
SPECIFICATIONS
Engines: 8 Pratt & Whitney R-4360-4A of 3500 hp each
Wingspan: 319.92 ft
Horizontal Tail Span: 113.5 ft
Design Gross: 400,000 lbs.
PERFORMANCE
(Speeds in MPH)
350,000 Gross 400,000 Gross
High Speed at sea level with T.O. power 235.5 234
High Speed at sea level with normal power 222 218
High Speed at 5000 ft with normal power 231 227
Operating Speed at sea level with cruise pwr 190 185
Landing Speed at sea level, 45 degrees flaps 81 87
Range:
12,500 gal - 2,975
6,000 gal 1,575 1,430
Service Ceiling 20,900 17,400
Frequently, during "hangar-flying", the subject of the world's
largest plane is discussed, so a comparison of the HK-1 is made
here with a Boeing 747 and Lockheed C-5A.
Wingspan Length Height Maximum Weight
HK-1 320' 220' 85' 440,000 lbs
C5A 222' 8" 247' 8" 65' 1" 769,000 lbs
747 195' 8" 231' 4" 63' 5" 710,000 lbs
FLYING:
The flight model is based on the Experimental Prop Aircraft
from ASD/FS4. In this flight model, the weight was changed
to provide reasonable performance, and power to 60,000 hp.
Handling is gentle and slow. This is not a plane for performing
aerobatics and is heavy on the controls.
No one will ever know how the HK-1 would have lived up to the
calculated performance specs quoted above. (See reference below).
This flight model may not be accurate according to the specs above,
however, the model is intended for the flight simulator enthusiast
to enjoy. Endurance is limited to about 3 hours and 500 miles for
the model.
LANDING:
Throttle down, (25% or less) and fly down to landing.
Sink rate is very low at any throttle setting, so just point the
nose down a bit. If you have floating problems on landing,
then throttle back and point the nose down or use less flaps.
This bird has working flaps that are very effective. Remember
this is a seaplane and has no landing gear, so find yourself a
nice big body of water to land on.
If you are new to FS4, you should spend some time with
a plane such as the Cessna in FS4 to practice take-offs and
landings, and touch and goes.
I prefer sensitive aircraft in FS4, and so some folks may
find the plane a little "touchy", especially in pitch, dependent
on your joystick and sensitivity settings in the FS4 program. I
don't think that will be a problem on this plane since it is
designed to be heavy on the controls.
ABOUT JOYSTICKS:
I like to fly with a ThrustMaster FCS or FCS Pro
joystick, and set the sensitivity to maximum (4-E-B-8-ESC-ESC)
for most planes. You may wish to compensate by lowering the
sensitivity. In my flying using other joysticks, (Suncom TAC 1,
CH Flightstick), I set sensitivity to mid level (about 5 or 6).
I have found that the Thrustmaster flys best at the high sensitivity,
and teaches the arm-chair pilot to fly gently with the stick instead
of wrestling the joystick full-throw. In an informal experiment using
non-computer users, non-flight simulator 'lab rats', whose only
joystick time was using arcades, in using the TAC 1 or Flightstick,
they had a tendency to over-control. None of the 'volunteers' were
able to successfully land *ANY* plane in FS4 with the TAC 1 or
Flightstick, but were successful using the Thrustmaster with maximimum
sensitivity. I hope that explains why I am using max sensitivity.
It was not an attempt to improve performance artificially.
AAF NOTES:
Parts: 177
MP: 276% (Not Multi-Player Compatible)
Points: 1415 (Is that a record?)
Ordinarily, my constructions use a technique which I call "outlining"
to highlight the parts of a monocolor bird. In this case, I discovered
that AAF is limited in the size of the part that can be used as an outline,
and so had to resort to using different colors for the wing and fuselage.
The rudder was outlined using the paint group High Wing/Canopy.
You may also notice that the engines do not project shadows, only
the wings, elevators, and fuselage. The reason is that this model reaches
some of the limits of AAF. In this case, when I tried the having the
engines casting shadows, the plane would compile OK, but then would lock-up
FS4 if I tried to load the plane or a MOD file using this plane. Oh well!
ADDITIONAL NOTES AND REFERENCES:
The plane was created from 3-views and notes and specifications in:
"Howard Hughes and his FLYING BOAT"
by Charles Barton
Copyright 1982 by TAB BOOKS, Inc.
Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294-0214
USA
ISBN 0-8168-6456-X9pbk.)
The creator of this AAF model is not associated in any way with the
publishers or distributors of the above reference materials. The
references are included as a possible source of new information to
add to your personal libraries.
DEFINITION OF SHAREWARE
Shareware distribution gives users a chance to try software
before buying it. If you try a Shareware program and continue
using it, you are expected to register. Individual programs
differ on details -- some request registration while others
require it, some specify a maximum trial period. With
registration of RUSSAIR, you get the most recent revision of
the airplane files for use with Microsoft Flight Simulator 4.0b,
and source code for use with Mallard's Aircraft and Adventure Factory.
Copyright laws apply to both Shareware and commercial software,
and the copyright holder retains all rights, with a few specific
exceptions as stated below. Shareware authors are accomplished
programmers, just like commercial authors, and the programs are
of comparable quality. (In both cases, there are good programs
and bad ones!) The main difference is in the method of
distribution. The author specifically grants the right to copy
and distribute the software, either to all and sundry or to a
specific group. For example, some authors require written
permission before a commercial disk vendor may copy their
Shareware.
Shareware is a distribution method, not a type of software. You
should find software that suits your needs and pocketbook,
whether it's commercial or Shareware. The Shareware system makes
fitting your needs easier, because you can try before you buy.
And because the overhead is low, prices are low also. Shareware
has the ultimate money-back guarantee -- if you don't use the
product, you don't pay for it.
DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT
Users of RUSSAIR planes must accept this disclaimer of warranty:
"RUSSAIR planes are supplied as is. The author disclaims all
warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation,
the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose.
The author assumes no liability for damages, direct or conse-
quential, which may result from the use of RUSSAIR planes."
RUSSAIR is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge
to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your
friends, but please do not give it away altered or as part of
another system. The essence of "user-supported" software is to
provide personal computer users with quality software without
high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to
continue to develop new products. If you find these program files
useful and find that you are using RUSSAIR planes and continue to use
RUSSAIR after a reasonable trial period, you must make a reg-
istration payment to Russell Mueller for each RUSSAIR set.
The registration fee will license one copy of the collection for use
on any one computer at any one time. You must treat this software just
like a book. An example is that this software may be used by any
number of people and may be freely moved from one computer
location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it
being used at one location while it's being used at another.
Just as a book cannot be read by two different persons at the
same time.
Anyone distributing RUSSAIR planes for any kind of remuneration must
first contact Russell Mueller at the address below for authorization
and licensing agreement.
You are encouraged to pass a copy of RUSSAIR along to your
friends for evaluation. Please encourage them to register their
copy if they find that they can use it. All registered users
will receive a copy of the latest version of the RUSSAIR
system, software support via mail for 3 months
from date of registration, and the source code for use with
Mallard's Aircraft and Adventure Factory for modifying the
planes for your own personal use. The planes may not be used
in a commercial, shareware, or other retail program without
a license from the author.
***ASP Ombudsman Policy********************************************
"This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware
Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle
works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with
an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help.
The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP
member, but does not provide technical support for members' products.
Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442
or send a Compuserve message via Compuserve Mail to ASP Ombudsman
70007,3536.
The OMB may be contacted by FAX by sending to the ASP FAX number:
(616) 788-2765. In communication with the OMB, please include a
telephone number and/or FAX if available."
*******************************************************************
INSTALLATION of the RUSSAIR collection of planes:
1. You must first have installed Microsoft Flight Simulator 4.0b on your hard drive.
If you do not have Microsoft Flight Simulator 4.0b, contact Microsoft for an
upgrade to 4.0b.
2. Copy all the files from the floppy and unarchive them if necesssary.
3. Copy the files for each plane to your \FS4 subdirectory.
4. Start Flight Simulator 4 and select a new plane from the menus using
"1, E" and scroll through the planes listed using the "6" key.
Information on each plane can be viewed using the "7" key.
For further information on using different planes in Microsoft Flight Simulator,
consult the manual from the game.
All my AAF creations are original works and not modifications of another's
AAF work. They are copyright by Russell Mueller and may not be resold
or used in any commercial, retail, or shareware program without arrangement
with the author.
BBS sysops may not charge for the distribution of this file. Free access type
BBS's may include the RUSSAIR collection in their libraries for distribution.
The following is a list of planes that are available on the Flight Simulator forum
on Compuserve. GO FSFORUM and browse in Library 5.
They are available directly from the author/creator in three sets:
Each set is $ 5 U.S.
Two sets for $ 8.00 U.S.
All 3 sets for $10.00 U.S.
RUSSAIR SET #1
1. GLASRG.ZIP Glasair Retractable
2. GLASFT.ZIP Glasair Fixed Trigear
3. GLASTD.ZIP Glasair Tail Dragger
4. VARVIG.ZIP Rutan VariViggen
5. SOLITR.ZIP Rutan Solitaire
6. VOYAGR.ZIP Rutan Voyager
7. QUICKI.ZIP Quickie Homebuilt
8. X-29.ZIP Grumman/NASA X-29 FSW
9. LONGEZ.ZIP Rutan LongEZ
10. XF5U-1.ZIP Vought Flying Pancake
RUSSAIR SET #2
11. B100.ZIP Beech King Air B100
12. P3.ZIP P-3 Orion Anti-sub/recon
13. SKIPPR.ZIP Beechcraft Skipper
14. XP55.ZIP Curtiss-Wright experimental canard (WWII)
15. SHINDN.ZIP Shinden, Japanese Experimental canard (WWII)
16. BD-5J.ZIP Bede 5 Jet
17. BD-5.ZIP Bede 5 Prop version
18. C310.ZIP Cessna 310 twin
19. STRSHP.ZIP Beechcraft Starship
20. STAGGR.ZIP Beechcraft G17S Staggerwing
RUSSAIR SET #3
21. POND.ZIP Rutan/Pond Unlimited Racer
22. MOONEY.ZIP 1961 Mooney Mark 21 M(20B)
23. FOKDRI.ZIP 1917 Fokker Dr.I Triplane
24. HOOVER.ZIP Bob Hoover's yellow P-51D/Rockwell
25. STS.ZIP The Space Shuttle Orbiter
26. P-51B.ZIP North American P-51 B/C model
27. BD-10.ZIP Jim Bede's BD-10 Supersonic Homebuilt
28. P51DRM.ZIP North American P-51D Mustang
29. JN4DRM.ZIP Curtiss JN-4D Jenny biplane trainer
30. HK-1RM.ZIP Hughes HK-1 Flying Boat, "Spruce Goose"
BONUS PLANES (When ordering all 3 sets)
31. C205RM.ZIP Cessna 205
32. PORTER.ZIP Pilatus Turbo Porter
If you wish to have these sets of my AAF models, including the AFX source
file and flight reference SIM files, then just send a check
or International Money Order or International Postal Money Order
(payable in U.S. dollars) plus shipping and handling charges for shipping
outside the USA to:
Russell Mueller
507 Washington Gdns
Washington, NJ 07882-9205
If ordering from outside the U.S., then please use an International
Money Order (payable in U.S. dollars) available at most banks and
post offices around the world. Include $3.00 U.S. for postage and
handling.
Specify disk size desired, and which set of RUSSAIR planes that you would like.
<End Of File>