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- The Linux Danish/International HOWTO
- Thomas Petersen, petersen@risoe.dk
- v1.0, 9 March 1994
-
- This document describes how to configure Linux and various Linux
- applications for use with the Danish characterset and keyboard. It is
- hoped that Linux users from other places in Western Europe will find
- this document of use too.
-
- 1. Introduction
-
- All European users of almost any operating system have two problems:
- The first is to tell the OS that you have a non-american keyboard, and
- the second is to get the OS to display the special letters.
-
- Under Linux you change the way your computer interprets the keyboard
- with the commands xmodmap and loadkeys. loadkeys will modify the
- keyboard for plain Linux while 'xmodmap' makes the modifications
- necessary when the handshaking between X and Linux is imperfect.
-
- To display the characters you need to tell your applications that you
- use the ISO-8859-Latin-1 international set of glyphs. Mostly this is
- not necessary, but a number of key applications need special
- attention.
-
- This Mini-Howto is intended to tell Danish users how to do this, but
- will hopefully be of help to many other people.
-
- If you continue to have troubles after reading this you should try the
- German HOWTO, the Keystroke HOWTO for Linux or the ISO 8859-1 FAQ.
- They have tips for many applications. Many of the hints contained
- herein are cribbed from there. The HOWTOs are available from all
- respectable mirrors of sunsite.unc.edu while the ISO 8859-1 FAQ is
- available from ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at in /pub/8bit/FAQ-ISO-8859-1.
-
-
- 2. Keyboard setup
-
-
-
-
-
- 2.1. Loading a Danish keytable
-
-
- Keyboard mappings are in /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/. Try typing either
- of these two commands to load one
-
-
- /usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk.map
- /usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-lat1.map
-
-
-
-
- The difference between the two lines is that dk-lat1.map uses `dead'
- keys while dk.map doesn't. Dead keys are explained in section ``Dead-
- Keys''.
-
- You can change the keymapping loaded at boot by editing the file
- /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap.
-
- If this doesn't work you simply haven't installed support for
- international keyboards.
-
-
- 2.2. Getting the AltGr key to work under X
-
-
- Edit the file /etc/Xconfig (under XFree86 2.0) or /etc/X11/XF86Config
- (underXFree86 3.x) and make sure the line
-
-
- RightAlt ModeShift
-
-
-
-
- appears in the Keyboard section. Usually you can do this by uncomment-
- ing an appropriate line.
-
-
- 2.3. Dead keys and accented characters
-
-
- Dead keys are those who don't type anything until you hit another key.
- Tildes and umlauts are like this by default under Microsoft Windows
- and if you use the dk-lat1.map keymap under Linux.
-
-
- 2.3.1. Removing dead key functionality
-
- Under plain Linux type
-
-
- loadkeys dk.map
-
-
-
-
-
- 2.3.2. Invoking dead key functionality
-
-
- o Invoking dead key functionality under plain Linux
-
-
- Under plain Linux type
-
-
- loadkeys dk-lat1.map
-
-
-
-
-
- o Invoking dead key functionality under X11R5 sessions
-
-
- Insert the following lines in a file ~/.Xmodmap or /etc/X11/Xmodmap
-
-
- keycode 21 = acute Dgrave_accent bar
- keycode 35 = Ddiaeresis Dcircumflex_accent Dtilde
-
-
-
-
- You can now make the dead keys work by typing (e.g.) xmodmap
- .Xmodmap. Using the Slackware distribution this commando will be auto-
- matically executed next time you run X.
-
- o Invoking dead key functionality under X11R6 sessions
-
-
- Under X11R6 applications dead keys won't work unless they were
- compiled with support for unusual input methods. The only
- application reported to do so is kterm - an xterm substitute.
- Eventually the situation might improve, but as it is you can't do
- much but revert to X11R5 or hack every application you own. Do not
- attempt the method described for X11R5.
-
-
-
-
- 2.4. Making o (oslash) O (Ooblique) and the dollar sign work
-
-
-
- 2.4.1. o (oslash) and O (Ooblique)
-
- Find out what keymap you load at boot-up. You should be able to find
- out by typing less /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap. On my computer it is called
- /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-lat1.map. Find the line for keycode 40 in
- this file and change it from
-
-
- keycode 40 = cent yen
-
-
-
-
- to
-
-
- keycode 40 = oslash Ooblique
-
-
-
-
- and load the keytable as described in section ``LoadKeys''.
-
- Note: This bug appears to have been fixed in version 0.88 of the
- international keytable package.
-
-
- 2.4.2. Dollar sign
-
- The dollar sign is accessed with Shift-4 instead of AltGr-4 by
- default. You can fix this by changing the line
-
-
- keycode 5 = four dollar dollar
-
-
-
-
- in the keymap file to e.g.
-
-
- keycode 5 = four asciicircum dollar
-
-
-
-
- It doesn't matter if you something else instead asciicircum if it is
- just a valid symbol name. See section ``Glyphs'' for a list of valid
- symbols.
- 3. Display and application setup
-
-
-
- 3.1. International character sets in specific applications
-
- A number of applications demand special attention. This section
- descibes how to set up configuration filesfor them.
-
-
- o bash v.1.13+ : Put the following in your .inputrc file
-
-
- set meta-flag on
- set convert-meta off
- set output-meta on
-
-
-
-
-
- o tcsh: Put the following in your /etc/csh.login or .tcshrc file
-
-
- setenv LC_CTYPE ISO-8859-1
- stty pass8
-
-
-
-
-
- o less: Set the following environment variable
-
-
- LESSCHARSET=latin1
-
-
-
-
-
- o elm: Set the following environment variables
-
-
- LANG=C
- LC_CTYPE=ISO-8859-1
-
-
-
-
-
- o emacs: Put the following in your .emacs or the /usr/lib/emacs/site-
- lisp/default.el file:
-
-
- (standard-display-european t)
-
- (set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
- (nth 1 (current-input-mode))
- 0)
-
-
-
-
-
- o TeX / LaTeX: Cribbed from the ISO 8859-1 FAQ by Michael Gschwind
- <mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at>:
- In LaTeX 2.09, use
-
-
- \documentstyle[isolatin]{article}
-
-
-
-
- to include support for ISO latin1 characters. In LaTeX2e, the commands
-
-
- \documentclass{article}
- \usepackage{isolatin}
-
-
-
-
- will do the job. isolatin.sty is available from all CTAN servers and
- from URL ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit.
-
-
- 3.2. What characters you can display under Linux
-
- Type dumpkeys -l | less at the prompt to find out what is readily
- available. You can map them to your keyboard via the keymap files
- mentioned in section ``LoadKeys''.
-
- X11R5 Note: The dead keys don't get the correct names under X11R5 with
- this scheme. Generally
-
- dead_* (under plain Linux) => D* or D*_accent (under X11R5)
-
-
- (i.e. the tilde may be dead_tilde in dk-lat1.map but X11R5 expects the
- dead tilde to be called Dtilde.) This does not apply to X11R6.
-
-
- 3.3. Loading the Latin-1 characer set on the console
-
- Execute the following commands under the bash shell:
-
-
- setfont /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/lat1-16.psf
- mapscrn /usr/lib/kbd/consoletrans/trivial
- echo -ne '\033(K'
-
-
-
-
- Note: This only has effect under plain Linux. Do not try it under X.
-
-
- 4. Post-amble: Acknowledgements and Copyright
-
- Thanks to Peter Dalgaard, Anders Majland, the authors of the German
- Howto and Michael Gschwind for help with several questions.
-
- This Mini-Howto is copyrighted by Thomas Petersen and distributed as
- other Linux HOWTOs under the terms described below.
-
- Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in
- part, in any medium physical or electronic, as long as this copyright
- notice is retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed
- and encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any
- such distributions.
-
- All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
- any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
- That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
- additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
- may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
- HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.
-
- If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
- coordinator, at gregh@sunsite.unc.edu. You may finger this address for
- phone number and additional contact information.
-