home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
OS/2 Shareware BBS: Science
/
Science.zip
/
pmcalc.zip
/
PMCALC.DOC
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-02-07
|
12KB
|
569 lines
Calc-v100-0
===================================================================
PMCalc
A Pocket Calculator
Version 1.00
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Version 1.00, January 1995
This program was written by:
Tim Baldwin
IBM UK Laboratories
Hursley Park
Winchester
Hampshire, SO21 2JN
baldy@vnet.ibm.com
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995. All Rights Reserved.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Page i
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
CONTENTS
1.0 PMCalc - A Pocket Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Using The Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2.1 Calculator Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2.2 Degrees and Radians Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.3 Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 The Display Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Keyboard Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.5 The Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Contents ii
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
1.0 PMCALC - A POCKET CALCULATOR
1.1 INTRODUCTION.
PMCalc is an OS/2 program that provides an accurate simulation of a
typical scientific pocket calculator. It has the following
features:
- 12 digit floating point display, capable of displaying numbers
in the range 1e-99 to 999999999999e99.
Numbers in the range 0.001 to 999,999,999,999 are displayed in
standard floating point format, numbers outside this range are
displayed in scientific format.
- Standard arithmetic functions with correct precedence
(multiplication and division taking priority over addition and
subtraction). Brackets may be used to alter this precedence.
- 5 function memory, with value stored indicator.
- 15 trigonometric, logarithmic and scientific functions.
The trigonometric functions can operate in either degrees or
radians.
1.1.1 REQUIREMENTS
PMCalc runs under OS/2 2.0 or later.
1.2 USING THE CALCULATOR
The calculator is operated just like a normal pocket calculator by
pressing the appropriate buttons. Under OS/2 this is performed
either by clicking on the buttons with the mouse or using the
keyboard equivalents described in "1.4 Keyboard Usage" on page 5.
1.2.1 CALCULATOR FUNCTIONS
The following functions are available:
General Keys
- [0] to [9] and [.]
Used to enter numbers.
PMCalc - A Pocket Calculator 1
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
- [+], [-], [x], [/] and [=]
The basic arithmetic functions.
- [AC]
ALL CLEAR will reset the calculator and clear everything except
the contents of the memory.
- [C]
CLEAR will clear the current value only, without affecting the
rest of a calculation.
- [+/-]
CHANGE SIGN changes the current value from positive to negative
or vice-versa. If pressed after the [exp] function the sign of
the exponent will be changed.
Memory Keys
- [Min] and [MR] and [x-M]
MEMORY IN stores the current value in the memory replacing any
previous value. MEMORY RECALL recalls the current memory
contents and makes it the current value. MEMORY EXCHANGE
exchanges the current value with the contents of the memory.
When a non-zero value is stored in the memory an "M" will
appear on the display.
- [M+] and [M-]
MEMORY PLUS adds the current value to the contents of the
memory. MEMORY MINUS subtracts the current value from the
contents of the memory.
Special Keys
- [exp]
EXPONENT enables numbers to be entered in scientific format.
First enter the mantissa part then press [exp] and enter the
exponent part.
- [pi]
PI enters the value of the constant pi.
PMCalc - A Pocket Calculator 2
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
- [x-y]
EXCHANGE X/Y exchanges the values of the two operands involved
in an arithmetic calculation.
- [[(..] and [..)]]
OPEN BRACKET and CLOSE BRACKET are used to alter the precedence
of operations in arithmetic calculations. Normally
multiplication and division take priority over addition and
subtraction.
- [Inv]
INVERSE is used to select the inverse function for some of the
scientific, logarithmic and trigonometric keys. Press [Inv] to
enter inverse state before pressing the required function key.
This state will be ignored if the next key pressed does not have
an inverse function.
After the [Inv] key has been pressed an "Inv" indicator will
appear on the display. It can be cancelled by pressing [Inv] a
second time.
Scientific Keys
- [1/x]
RECIPROCAL gives the reciprocal of the current value.
- [x!]
FACTORIAL gives the factorial of the current value.
- [sqr]
SQUARE ROOT gives the square root of the current value.
To obtain the square of the current value first press the
[Inv] key.
Logarithmic Keys
- [log] and [ln]
COMMON LOG gives the base 10 logarithm of the current value.
NATURAL LOG gives the base e logarithm of the current value.
To obtain the equivalent anti-logarithm first press the [Inv]
key.
PMCalc - A Pocket Calculator 3
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
Trigonometric Keys
- [sin], [cos] and [tan]
SINE gives the sine of the current value. COSINE gives the
cosine of the current value. TANGENT gives the tangent of the
current value.
To obtain the equivalent inverse function first press the
[Inv] key.
Trigonometric functions can operate in either degrees or
radians, as selected by the current mode setting.
1.2.2 DEGREES AND RADIANS MODE
The trigonometric functions will operate in either degrees or
radians. To select the required mode click on the "Deg" or "Rad"
radio button as appropriate.
1.2.3 ERROR CONDITIONS
If the result of a calculation exceeds the maximum possible value
(i.e. 1e100 or greater) the message "Error." will be displayed. To
clear the error you must press the [AC] key. If the result is
smaller than the minimum possible value (i.e. less than 1e-99) the
result will be set to zero.
If too many partial results are stored (due to a lot of open
bracket functions) the message "Stack Full." will be displayed. To
clear the condition you must press the [C] key and close one or
more brackets to evaluate some of the stored results, or press
[=] to evaluate the complete result.
1.3 THE DISPLAY FONT
The font used for the calculator's display area can be changed. To
make a change simply open up OS/2's "Font Palette" (which is
usually found in the "System Setup" folder), and choose the new
font you require; either pick one of the listed fonts or hit the
"Edit" button to create a new one.
Once you have chosen your new font pick it up and drag it using the
second mouse button, drop it onto the calculator's display area.
The font you select will be remembered when you close the
calculator down and automatically re-selected when it is used
again.
Hint: The default font is called "12.Helv", but on a 1024x768
display try the font "18.System VIO" (if you have it) - it works
very well.
PMCalc - A Pocket Calculator 4
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
1.4 KEYBOARD USAGE
All PMCalc functions are accessible via the keyboard, and although
some of the keys used may be a little non-standard (and non-CUA),
they are designed to be fairly obvious and simple to remember.
- For the digits [0] to [9] simply press the corresponding
keyboard key.
- For the [.] use the full-stop or period key.
- For the [exp] function press the space bar.
- For the arithmetic functions [+], [-], [x] and [/] press the
corresponding keyboard key, using "*" for multiply and "/" for
divide.
- For [=] press Enter or Newline.
- For the [C] key use Backspace and for the [AC] key use
Ctrl-Backspace.
Hint: To use the numbers and keys on the numeric keypad (on the
right of the keyboard), don't forget to first press the Num Lock
key.
The rest of the calculator's functions keys are all operated using
the keyboard's F-keys.
- The first six from [+/-] to [M-] are operated using F1 to F6.
- The next six from [pi] to [x!] are operated using either
Shift-F1 to Shift-F6 or F7 to F12.
- The top six from [sqr] to [tan] are operated using Ctrl-F1 to
Ctrl-F6.
- For the [Inv] function press Esc.
- To change between degrees and radians press Ctrl-F12.
- The [[(..] and [..)]] functions may also be operated by pressing
any of the open or close bracket keys on the keyboard.
1.5 THE CLIPBOARD
The current value displayed on the calculator may be copied onto
the OS/2 clipboard by simply double-clicking on the [=] button.
Alternatively either of the key combinations Shift-Delete or
Ctrl-Insert can be used.
PMCalc - A Pocket Calculator 5
===================================================================
===================================================================
(C) Copyright IBM Corporation 1989, 1995
Printed in the U.K.