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***********************************************
* *
* Fluid Flow Calculations *
* *
* Version 1.2 *
* *
* *
* Copyright 1992 by Frank M. DeBlanc *
* *
***********************************************
This program is used to solve fluid flow
problems using the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
The author of this program is:
Frank M. DeBlanc
2202 Mary Margaret Drive
St. Martinville, Louisiana 70582
Table of Contents
Page
I. Shareware Registration Form ........................... 1
II. Disclaimer ............................................ 2
III. User Supported Software Concept ....................... 2
IV. Files Used With Fluid Flow Calculations................ 3
V. Introduction .......................................... 3
VI. First Time Use ........................................ 4
VII. Enhancements and Improvements ......................... 4
VIII. Special Input.......................................... 4
A. How to Input Scientific Notation.............. 4
B. If you want to use kinematic viscosity........ 4
IX. Menu Usage ............................................ 5
X. Using Fluid Flow Calculations ......................... 5
A. Fluid Flow Calculations....................... 6
1. Head Loss................................ 6
2. Fluid Flow............................... 6
3. Diameter................................. 7
4. 2 Parallel Pipes......................... 7
5. 2 Series Pipes........................... 7
6. Head Loss - Non-Circular Conduit......... 8
7. Fluid Flow - Non-Circular Conduit........ 8
8. Diameter - Non-Circular Conduit.......... 8
B. Hydraulic Radius.............................. 8
C. Properties.................................... 9
1. Water.................................... 9
2. Air...................................... 9
D. Options....................................... 10
XI. Examples................................................. 10
A. Circular Conduit.............................. 10
1. Solve for head loss...................... 10
2. Solve for fluid flow..................... 11
3. Solve for diameter....................... 11
B. Non-Circular Conduit.......................... 12
1. Solve for head loss...................... 12
2. Solve for fluid flow..................... 13
3. Solve for fluid flow (open channel flow). 14
C. Two parallel pipes............................ 15
D. Two series pipes.............................. 16
Fluid Flow Calculations 1.2
User Supported Software
-------------------------------
I. Registration and Order Form
-------------------------------
Registration of currently used Fluid Flow Calculations $23.00
plus $5.00 Shipping & Handling
Version Number 1.2
Number of Copies......................................______
Subtotal..............................................______
Shipping & Handling...................................$5.00
Total.................................................______
Disk size required 720 k - 3.5" _____ 360 k - 5.25" _____
Your Address:
__________________________________
Name
__________________________________
Address
__________________________________
City
__________________________________
State Zip
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
I obtained my copy of Fluid Flow Calculations from:
____________________________________________________________________________
Comments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Send Order To:
Frank M. DeBlanc
2202 Mary Margaret Drive
St. Martinville, Louisiana 70582
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 2
============================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Disclaimer
-------------------------------------------------------------------
FRANK M. DEBLANC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES RELATING TO THIS SOFTWARE,
WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
AND ALL SUCH WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSLY AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED.
NEITHER FRANK M. DEBLANC NOR ANYONE ELSE WHO HAS BEEN INVOLVED IN THE
CREATION, PRODUCTION, OR DELIVERY OF THIS SOFTWARE SHALL BE LIABLE
FOR ANY INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF
THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE SUCH SOFTWARE EVEN IF FRANK M. DEBLANC
HAD BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR CLAIMS. IN NO
EVENT SHALL FRANK M. DEBLANC'S LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES EVER EXCEED
THE PRICE PAID FOR THE LICENSE TO USE THE SOFTWARE, REGARDLESS OF THE
FORM OF CLAIM. THE PERSON USING THE SOFTWARE BEARS ALL RISK AS TO THE
QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE.
Some states do not allow the exclusion of the limit of liability
for consequential or incidental damages, so the above limitation may
not be apply to you.
This agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of
Louisiana and shall inure to the benefit of Frank M. DeBlanc and any
successors, administrators, heirs and assigns. Any action proceeding
brought by either party against the other arising out of or related
to this agreement shall be brought only in a STATE or FEDERAL COURT
of competent jurisdiction closest to St. Martin Parish, Louisiana.
The parties hereby consent to in personam jurisdiction of said courts.
********************************************************************
--------------------------------------------------------------------
III. User Supported Software Concept
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This version of Fluid Flow Calculations is a "shareware program"
and is provided at no charge to the user for evaluation. Shareware
is a distribution method, not a type of software. You get to try
this program before you buy. Fluid Flow Calculations has the ultimate
guarantee--if you don't use the product, you don't pay for it. On the
other hand, if you do use this product and find it of value then the
cost is $23. Feel free to share it with your friends, but please do
not give it away altered. Upon receipt of your payment, you will become
a registered owner of Fluid Flow Cal. I will then send you a copy of
the program that will not have the shareware nag screen. You will
receive free technical support for 90 days (by mail).
Registered users can also update to later versions for a
nominal update fee of $7.00
Please address all registration requests and customer support
inquires to:
Frank M. DeBlanc
2202 Mary Margaret Drive
St. Martinville, Louisiana 70582
**********************************************************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 3
============================================================================
----------------------------------------------------------------------
IV. Files used with Fluid Flow Calculations
----------------------------------------------------------------------
FLUIDS.EXE (Used to start the program)
README.DOC (This file)
VENDOR.DOC (File for disk distributors & user groups)
PRINTDOC.BAT (File to print out this document)
COLOR (File for optional background and foreground
colors)
*******************************************************************
-------------------------------------------------------------------
V. Introduction
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Purpose of the Program:
This program is used to solve fluid flow problems.
1. Find head loss (circular & non-circular conduits)
or
2. Find fluid flow (circular & non-circular conduits)
or
3. Find pipe diameter (circular & non-circular conduits)
or
4. Two parallel pipes (circular conduits)
or
5. Two series pipes (circular conduits)
or
6. Hydraulic radius
Fluid Flow Calculations uses the Darcey-Weisbach equation,
one of the most widely used equations for pipe flow. It is valid
for laminar or turbulent flow in all fluids. When using the Darcey-Weisbach
equation one must use the Moody diagram to look up the friction factor.
Also, when using the equation one must resort to trial-and-error
calculations when solving for fluid flow and pipe diameter. With
this program there is no need for trial-and-error calculations or
having to use the Moody diagram. This will not only save you time
but will also reduce the possibility of a calculation error or a
looking-it-up-in-the-table error.
Types of problems solved by this program:
1. Full flowing circular pipes.
2. Partially full circular pipes.
3. Non-circular full flowing pipes
4. Non-circular partially full flowing pipes.
5. Open channel flow.
****************************************************************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 4
============================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------
VI. First Time Use
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Before using Fluid Flow Cal for the first time, it is a good
idea to make a backup copy. When using on a hard drive please
place the files in a subdirectory. Do not place files in the
root directory (C:\).
Example:
C:\ffc12 [possible directory to place files]
To copy files to this directory:
copy *.* c:\ffc12
********************************************************************
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
VII. Enhancements and Improvements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version 1.2 has the following not found in version 1.1.
1. New menu for easier operation.
2. Two series pipes.
3. Table for water and air properties.
4. Fluid Flow default bug has been fixed.
5. Non-circular Conduits & Open Channel Flow.
****************************************************************************
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
VIII. Special Input
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. How to Input Scientific Notation
.0000273 is input as 2.73d-5
273000 is input as 2.73d5
.00344 is input as 3.44d-3
450 is input as 4.5d2
B. If you want to use kinematic viscosity.
Suppose you want to use kinematic viscosity instead of absolute
viscosity. All you have to do is input the specific weight as
32.2 lbf/cubic foot and when asked to input the absolute viscosity
just input the kinematic viscosity instead (square ft/sec).
Note: mass flow rate, specific weight, pressure drop per 100 ft,
and absolute viscosity will be reported incorrectly. Just ignore
those values. All other values will be correct.
****************************************************************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 5
============================================================================
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IX. Menu Usage
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have a mouse you may choose your selection by pressing
the left mouse button while pointing at the desired location. When
using the main menu without a mouse then you must hold down the
<alt> key and press the first letter of the menu item you want to
choose. An example of this is: Suppose you want to choose "options"
from the main menu. All you have to do is hold down the <alt> key
and press the "o".
<alt> f ---> Fluid Flow Calculations
<alt> h ---> Hydraulic Radius
<alt> p ---> Properties
<alt> o ---> Options
<alt> e ---> Exit
Use the arrow keys to move through the menu. When
using the arrow keys to point to a selection you must hit the
<return> or <enter> key to execute.
When inputting data and you want to discontinue with the data
then just press the escape key or with your mouse press the left
mouse button over the little solid square in the upper left hand
corner of the input box.
****************************************************************************
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
X. Using Fluid Flow Calculations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
To start the program type in "Fluids". The first screen that appears
is the shareware "nag" screen. This screen is to remind you that you are
just evaluating this program and that if you continue to use the program
you must register. (Registered users will NOT have this screen) To continue
just press any key.
After pressing any key you will now view the main menu. Press the
right or left arrow key and watch how the menu points to the following
menu topics:
Fluid Flow Calculations
Hydraulic Radius
Properties
Options
Exit
Stop the pointer at <Fluid Flow Calculations> and then press <enter>.
By the way, any time you want to get to the main menu all you have
to do is press the <esc> key a few times depending on how deep into the
program you have gone. Another way to choose the topic is to point at
the topic with the mouse and then press the left key of the mouse. You
could have also pressed <alt> f.
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 6
============================================================================
I will now explain each menu topic.
=================================
A. Fluid Flow Calculations Topic
=================================
Point to Fluid Flow Calculations and press <enter>. You are given
the following subtopics.
Head Loss
Fluid Flow
Pipe Diameter
Two Parallel Pipes
Two Series Pipes
Head Loss-Non-Cir
Fluid Flow-Non-Cir
Diameter-Non-Cir
To point to the desired subtopic press the up arrow or the down
arrow key then press <enter> when you have arrived at the subtopic
of your choice. (Or point to the subtopic with the mouse and press
the left mouse button).
1. Subtopic: Head Loss - head loss is the unknown. Use only with full-
flowing circular pipes.
Data Needed: flow rate (cubic ft/sec, cubic ft/min,
gal/sec, gal/min)
pipe diameter (inch)
specific weight (lbf/cubic ft)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft)
pipe length (feet)
absolute roughness (feet)
After roughness is input the result should appear. If you
want a printed copy just press the <print screen> key. Always check
the data that is displayed to be sure that it is the same data you
input and also, if the results seem reasonable.
Note: <Esc> key will always bring you to the previous screen or
to the main menu.
2. Subtopic - Fluid Flow - fluid flow rate is unknown. Use only with
full-flowing circular pipes.
Data Needed: head loss (feet)
pipe diameter (inches)
specific weight (lbf/cubic foot)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft)
pipe length (feet)
absolute roughness (feet)
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 7
============================================================================
3. Subtopic - Pipe Diameter - pipe diameter is unknown. Use only with full-
flowing circular pipes.
Data Needed: flow rate (cubic ft/sec,
cubic ft/min,
gal/sec, gal/min)
head loss (feet)
specific weight (lbf/cubic ft)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft.)
pipe length (feet)
absolute roughness (feet)
4. Subtopic - Two parallel pipes. Use only with two full flowing circular
pipes.
The objective of two parallel pipes is to determine the division
of flow in each pipe given the total flow rate. It can be seen that the
head loss will be the same in each pipe because the pressure difference
is the same.
Data Needed: diameter of pipe 1 (inch)
diameter of pipe 2 (inch)
pipe length pipe 1 (feet)
pipe length pipe 2 (feet)
flow rate (cubic feet/min, cubic feet/sec
gal/min, gal/sec)
specific weight (lbf/cubic ft)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft.)
absolute roughness of pipe 1 (feet)
absolute roughness of pipe 2 (feet)
5. Subtopic - Two series pipes. Use only with two full-flowing circular
pipes.
The objective of two series pipes is to determine flow rate.
(Note: If the flow rate is known then the friction loss can be found
easily as the sum of the friction losses in the sections).
Data Needed: diameter of pipe 1 (inch)
diameter of pipe 2 (inch)
pipe length pipe 1 (feet)
pipe length pipe 2 (feet)
specific weight (lbf/cubic ft)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft.)
absolute roughness of pipe 1 (feet)
absolute roughness of pipe 2 (feet)
head loss total (feet)
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 8
============================================================================
6. Subtopic: Head Loss - head loss is the unknown. Use for non-
circular conduits. (or partially full circular)
Data Needed: flow rate (cubic ft/sec, cubic ft/min,
gal/sec, gal/min)
equivalent pipe diameter (inch)
specific weight (lbf/cubic ft)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft)
area (square feet)
pipe length (feet)
absolute roughness (feet)
7. Subtopic - Fluid Flow - fluid flow rate is unknown. Use for non-
circular conduits. (or partially full circular)
Data Needed: head loss (feet)
equivalent pipe diameter (inches)
specific weight (lbf/cubic foot)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft)
pipe length (feet)
absolute roughness (feet)
area (square feet)
8. Subtopic - Pipe Diameter (EQUIVALENT)
- Equivalent diameter is unknown. Use for non-
circular conduits. (or partially full circular)
Data Needed: flow rate (cubic ft/sec,
cubic ft/min,
gal/sec, gal/min)
head loss (feet)
specific weight (lbf/cubic ft)
absolute viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft.)
pipe length (feet)
absolute roughness (feet)
area (square feet)
==========================
B. Hydraulic Radius Topic
==========================
Hydraulic radius topic has the following subtopics:
Partially Full Circle
Partially Full Rectangle
Partially Full Triangle
Partially Full Trapezoid
Full Flowing Trapezoid
Full Flowing Square
Full Flowing Rectangle
Full Flowing Annulus
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 9
============================================================================
1. Partially Full Circle - radius (inch)
height of fluid (inch)
2. Partially Full Rectangle - height of fluid (inch)
width (inch)
3. Partially Full Triangle - isosceles triangle with the base as the width.
height of fluid (inch)
width (inch)
4. Partially Full Trapezoid - isosceles trapezoid
height of fluid (inch)
top width (inch)
bottom width (inch)
5. Full Flowing Square - height of fluid (inch)
6. Full Flowing Rectangle - height of fluid (inch)
width of fluid (inch)
7. Full Flowing Annulus - inside pipe diameter (inch)
outside pipe diameter (inch)
When solving for hydraulic radius the equivalent diameter is
also calculated. The value for the equivalent diameter becomes the
default diameter value.
====================
C. Properties Topic
====================
1. Water - Temperature Range is: 40 to 212, inclusive
Data: Specific Weight (lbf/cubic ft)
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft.)
Point to the value you need with the up/down arrow keys or click
with left mouse button. This will cause the data to become default
values.
2. Air - Temperature Range is: 0 to 250, inclusive
Data: Specific Weight (lbf/cubic ft)
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity (lbf-sec/sq.ft.)
Point to the value you need with the up/down arrow keys or click
with left mouse button. This will cause the data to become default
values.
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 10
============================================================================
==================
D. Options Topic
==================
Use the up or down arrow keys to point to Background Color or
Foreground Color. Press <enter> to toggle the different colors.
You could also point with the mouse and press the left mouse button
to toggle values. Once you leave the options topic the colors will
take effect. <esc> to exit options topic.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
XI. Examples
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
====================
A. Circular Conduit
====================
In the following examples I will assume you are initially pointing
at the topic "Fluid Flow Calculations" of the main menu without
any subtopic showing.
1. Solve for head loss
Example: Determine the head loss for the flow of 1,500 gpm of water
at 50 F through 450 feet of cast-iron pipe having an internal
diameter of 10 inches.
Press <right arrow> twice ----> Points to Properties Topic
Press <enter> ----> Sub-Topic of Menu Shows
Press <enter> ----> Shows water data
Press <up arrow> twice ----> Points to 50 F data
Press <enter> ----> Returns to main menu with 50 F
data as default values.
Press <enter> ----> Shows sub-topics
Press <enter> ----> Picks Head Loss
Press <down arrow> 3 times ----> Points of gpm
Press <enter> ----> Shows input box for gal/min
1500 <enter> ----> input flow rate
10 <enter> ----> input diameter
Press <enter> ----> do not input any number. By
pressing just enter you are
using the default value.
Press <enter> ----> same as above
450 <enter> ----> input length of pipe
.00085 <enter> ----> for cast iron pipe (roughness)
**************************
* Head Loss = 6.46 ft *
**************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 11
============================================================================
2. Solve for fluid flow
Example: Gasoline (sp gr 0.68) at 60 F flows through a 6 in Schedule
40 welded-steel pipe with a head loss of 10 ft in 5000 ft.
Determine the flow.
<enter> ----> reveal subtopics
<down arrow> once ----> point to Fluid Flow
<enter> ----> pick Fluid Flow
10 <enter> ----> head loss is 10 ft
6.065 <enter> ----> inside diameter of pipe
42.43 <enter> ----> specific weight (.68 x 62.4)
0.00000659 <enter> ----> viscosity of gasoline at 60 F
or
6.59d-6 <enter>
5000 <enter> ----> length of pipe.
0.00015 <enter> ----> roughness of steel
***********************************
* Fluid Flow = 0.384 cubic ft/sec *
***********************************
3. Solve for diameter
Example: Water at 60 F is to flow at the rate of 500 cubic feet/sec
through a concrete pipe 5000 ft long with head loss of
no more than 50 feet. Determine the diameter of the pipe.
<right arrow> twice -------> point to properties topic
<enter> -------> reveals subtopic
<enter> -------> picks water & reveals table
<up arrow> once -------> point to properties of water, 60 F
<enter> -------> sets data of water as default
<enter> -------> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> twice -------> points to Pipe Diameter topic
<enter> -------> picks Pipe Diameter
<enter> -------> pick cfs
500 <enter> -------> input flow rate
50 <enter> -------> input head loss
<enter> -------> input default specific weight
<enter> -------> input default absolute viscosity
5000 <enter> -------> input length of pipe
.003 <enter> -------> input roughness
*************************
* Diameter = 76.33 inch *
*************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 12
============================================================================
========================
B. Non-Circular Conduit
========================
1. Solve for head loss
Example: Air (T = 80 F and p = 14.7 psia) flows at a rate of 4,800 cfm
in a 1x2 ft commercial steel rectangular duct. What is the
pressure drop per 100 ft of duct?
<right arrow> once -----> Hydraulic radius topic
<enter> -----> subtopics
<down arrow> 5 times -----> Full flowing rectangle
<enter> -----> Picks full flowing rectangle
12 <enter> -----> 1 ft height
24 <enter> -----> 2 ft width
Eq. diameter = 16 inches
<enter>
<enter>
<down arrow> 5 times -----> point to head loss-non cir
<enter>
<down arrow> once -----> point to cfm
<enter>
4800 <enter> -----> input 4800 cfm
<enter> -----> default value 16"
.0735 <enter> -----> specific weight
.000000385 <enter> -----> absolute viscosity
2 <enter> -----> area of duct
100 <enter> -----> length of pipe
.00015 <enter> -----> steel roughness
**********************
* head loss = 28.748 *
**********************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 13
============================================================================
2. Solve for fluid flow
Example: Air (T = 60 F and p = 14.7 psia) flows through a 1x2 ft
commercial steel rectangular duct with a head loss of 10 ft
in 300 feet. Determine the flow.
<right arrow> once -----> hydraulic radius topic
<enter> -----> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> 5 times -----> points to full flowing rectangle
<enter>
12 <enter> -----> enter height of duct
24 <enter> -----> enter width of duct
equivalent diameter = 16"
<enter>
<right arrow> twice -----> points to properties topic
<enter> -----> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> once -----> point to air
<enter>
<enter> -----> pick properties of air at 60 F
<enter> -----> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> 6 times -----> point to fluid flow-non cir
<enter>
10 <enter> -----> enter head loss
<enter> -----> 16" default
<enter> -----> specific weight default
<enter> -----> absolute viscosity default
300 <enter> -----> pipe length
.00015 <enter> -----> roughness of steel
<enter> -----> area default
***********************************
* Fluid Flow Rate = 1496.67 cfm *
***********************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 14
============================================================================
3. Solve for fluid flow - open channel flow
Example: Solve for the discharge of water (60 F) that a
10-ft-wide channel can carry if the depth of the
flow is 6 ft and the slope of the channel
is 0.002. The channel is made of concrete.
slope of channel equals to (head loss) divided by (length).
therefore: assume head loss = 0.002 ft
length = 1 ft
<right arrow> once -----> hydraulic radius topic
<enter> -----> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> 1 time -----> points to partially full rectangle
<enter>
72 <enter> -----> enter height of channel
120 <enter> -----> enter width of channel
equivalent diameter = 130.909090901
<enter>
<right arrow> twice -----> points to properties topic
<enter> -----> reveals subtopics
<enter> -----> picks water properties
<up arrow> once -----> points to water at 60 F
<enter> -----> pick properties of water at 60 F
<enter> -----> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> 6 times -----> point to fluid flow-non cir
<enter>
.002 <enter> -----> enter head loss
<enter> -----> default for equivalent diameter
<enter> -----> specific weight default
<enter> -----> absolute viscosity default
1 <enter> -----> channel length
.003 <enter> -----> roughness of concrete
<enter> -----> area default
***********************************
* Fluid Flow Rate = 585.3711 cfs *
***********************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 15
============================================================================
======================
C. Two parallel pipes
======================
Example: With a total flow of 14 cfs, determine the division of
flow and the loss of head for pipe 1 and pipe 2 in
parallel. Fluid is water at 70 F.
Pipe 1 Pipe 2
D = 18 in D = 12 in
L = 5000 ft L = 2000 ft
steel pipe steel pipe
<enter> ------> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> 3 times ------> subtopic two parallel pipes
<enter>
18 <enter> ------> diameter of pipe one
12 <enter> ------> diameter of pipe two
5000 <enter> ------> length of pipe one
2000 <enter> ------> length of pipe two
<enter>
14 <enter> ------> input flow rate
62.3 <enter> ------> input specific weight
.0000205 <enter> ------> input absolute viscosity
.00015 <enter> ------> roughness pipe 1
.00015 <enter> ------> roughness pipe 2
***************************************
* pipe 1 flow = 8.9897 cubic feet/sec *
* pipe 2 flow = 5.0103 cubic feet/sec *
* Total = 14.000 cubic feet/sec *
***************************************
============================================================================
Fluid Flow Cal Version 1.2 Copyright 1992 by Frank DeBlanc Page 16
============================================================================
====================
D. Two series pipes
====================
Example: In the last example the two pipes were in parallel. Suppose
the same two pipes are now in series. To get the same head
loss as the last example what must the flow rate be?
<enter> ------> reveals subtopics
<down arrow> 4 times ------> subtopic two series pipes
<enter>
18 <enter> ------> diameter of pipe one
12 <enter> ------> diameter of pipe two
5000 <enter> ------> length of pipe one
2000 <enter> ------> length of pipe two
62.3 <enter> ------> input specific weight
.0000205 <enter> ------> input absolute viscosity
.00015 <enter> ------> roughness pipe 1
.00015 <enter> ------> roughness pipe 2
18.5661643946 <enter> ------> enter head loss in ft
*************************************
* Flow rate = 4.3062 cubic feet/sec *
*************************************
