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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Edition notice ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Note!
Before using this information and the product it supports, please read the
general information under Notices.
First Edition (July 1994)
This edition applies to Release 1 Modification Level 0 of IBM Visualizer
Charts, Program Number 5622-417, and to all subsequent versions, releases, and
modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Make sure you are
using the correct edition for the level of the product.
Order publications through your IBM representative or the IBM branch office
serving your locality. Publications are not stocked at the address given below.
A form for readers' comments appears at the back of this publication. If the
form has been removed, address your comments to:
IBM United Kingdom Limited
Warwick Software Development Laboratory
P.O. Box 31, Birmingham Road
WARWICK
United Kingdom CV34 5JL
When you send information to IBM, you grant to IBM a nonexclusive right to use
or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without
incurring any obligation to you.
(C) Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993,1994. All rights
reserved.
Note to U.S. Government users--Documentation related to restriced rights--Use,
duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP
Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Notices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
References in this publication to IBM products, programs, or services do not
imply that IBM intends to make these available in all countries in which IBM
operates. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended
to state or imply that only IBM's product, program, or service may be used. Any
functionally equivalent product, program, or service that does not infringe any
of IBM's intellectual property rights may be used instead of the IBM product,
program, or service. Evaluation and verification of operation in conjunction
with other products, except those expressly designated by IBM, is the user's
responsibility.
IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in
this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to
these patents. You can send license inquiries, in writing, to:
IBM Corporation
IBM Director of Licensing
208 Harbor Drive
Stamford, Connecticut 06904-2501
U.S.A.
This publication contains examples of data and windows used in daily business
operations. They are intended only to be illustrative of the types of functions
available in IBM Visualizer Charts for OS/2 and may contain the names of
individuals, companies, brands, and products. All of these names are
fictitious, and any similarity to the names and addresses used by an actual
business enterprise is entirely coincidental. Windows shown in this publication
are intended to be examples and may not be exact representations of actual
windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.1. Trademarks and service marks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following terms, denoted by an asterisk (*), used in this publication, are
trademarks or service marks of IBM Corporation in the United States of America
or other countries:
DB2 DB2/2
DB2/6000 IBM
OS/2 OS/400
PS/2 QMF
SQL/DS
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. About this book ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This book describes the main features of IBM Visualizer Charts for OS/2
(referred to throughout this book as Visualizer Charts).
This book is divided as follows:
o The preface covers assumptions about your:
- Hardware
- Software
- OS/2* knowledge
- SQL (Structured Query Language) knowledge
- Database authorizations
o Installing Visualizer Charts gives you sufficient information to install
Visualizer Charts. Complete information is in IBM Visualizer for OS/2:
Installing and Supporting.
o Introducing Visualizer Charts introduces Visualizer Charts, describes the
chart types and facilities available, and describes how you can use
Visualizer Charts in combination with other Visualizer products.
o Using Visualizer Charts tells you briefly how to create charts, customize
them, and change them. Complete information is in the online help.
o The appendixes contain the following information:
- Common OS/2 tasks
- A quick reference to the tool bar
- A quick reference to mouse actions and their keyboard equivalents
- System limits for Visualizer Charts
Before you start...
To use IBM Visualizer Charts, you need a workstation that meets the minimum
hardware and memory requirements outlined in IBM Visualizer for OS/2:
Installing and Supporting. Also, both OS/2 Version 2.1 (with or without the
ServicePak) and Visualizer must be installed on your IBM PS/2* or IBM
compatible workstation.
You should be familiar with OS/2 Version 2.1, and be able to perform the
following OS/2 tasks:
o Drag and drop
o Open and close windows
o Print objects
o Delete objects
o Move, copy, and create shadows of objects
o Display a pop-up menu
o Open a notebook and change an object's settings
o Access online help
You can find basic information about OS/2 in the appendixes, in the Master Help
Index, Glossary, Command Reference, and Tutorial in your OS/2 System folder on
your desktop.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Installing Visualizer Charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This chapter outlines how to start installing Visualizer Charts on a standalone
workstation. IBM Visualizer Query for OS/2 must be installed on your
workstation prior to installing Visualizer Charts.
Detailed information about the prerequisites, the different machine
configurations, the installation options and procedures can be found in IBM
Visualizer for OS/2: Installing and Supporting.
Hardware requirements
You need to have a machine that is capable of running IBM Visualizer Query for
OS/2.
Disk space requirements
In addition to the the minimum disk space requirements for Visualizer Query for
OS/2:
o 3MB for each standalone workstation or LAN server
o 80KB for each LAN requester
o 60KB on the boot drive of the workstation used to install Visualizer Charts
o 6MB on the drive on which the SWAPPER.DAT file is located
The amount of disk space required to use Visualizer increases in proportion to
the amount of data stored. Although the installation procedure checks whether
you have sufficient space to install Visualizer, you should ensure that there
is enough disk space for future expansion.
Software requirements
To run Visualizer Charts, you must have IBM Operating System Version 2.1
(Program Number 5621-077) or the equivalent DBCS version installed.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. To install Visualizer Charts on a standalone workstation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
1. Insert Diskette 1 into the diskette drive.
2. At an OS/2 command prompt type:
a:\INSTALL
where a is the drive letter of your diskette drive.
3. Press Enter.
The Product Information window is displayed.
4. Select OK to display the Instructions for Installation window.
When you have read the installation instructions, select the Continue push
button.
The Installation and Maintenance window is displayed.
5. Follow the instructions that are displayed during the installation process.
Where appropriate make the necessary choices.
You have now finished installing Visualizer Charts.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. Starting Visualizer Charts for the first time ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
There is a Visualizer folder on your desktop. Inside this folder is another
folder called Shadow of Templates. Inside the Shadows of Templates folder are
shadows of all the installed Visualizer templates, including Visualizer Chart.
Make a copy of the Visualizer Chart template in one of your own folders.
For information on the use and features of Visualizer Charts, read the other
chapters in this book, and refer to the online help,
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Introducing Visualizer Charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sometimes your important data can look like a confusing jumble of words and
figures. But you don't have to make your important business decisions based on
large numbers of printouts. Using Visualizer Charts, you can transform your
data into attractive and informative business graphics, helping you to
understand it better, and helping you to present it effectively to others.
You can change data into information, producing effective charts quickly and
easily from database tables, views, and queries. Visualizer Charts draws a
striking presentation of your data, showing you exactly what you want to see.
You can also calculate new data for display, including new columns,
percentages, totals, minimums, and averages.
You can choose from a wide variety of basic chart types: line, surface, bar,
scatter, mixed, and pie. Once you have created your chart, you can tailor it
with a range of additional choices, such as two or three dimensions, X, Y, and
Z axes, multiple pie charts, stacked bars, exploded pie slices, and chart
orientation. Visualizer Charts also offers comprehensive control of colors,
fonts, axis definition, legends, and annotations.
With Visualizer's easy-to-use OS/2 interface, you build and tailor your charts
using drag-and-drop and point-and-click. For example, you can move legends,
headings, or annotations simply by dragging them into position. To change an
item in your chart, just double-click it.
Visualizer Charts is supported by comprehensive online documentation, helping
you at every stage to create charts which transform your data into effective
business graphics.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1. Looking at the basic chart types ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
There are six basic chart types that you can choose from, and each one can be
modified to give you the most effective presentation for your data. You can
choose from:
Line chart
Surface chart
Scatter chart
Bar chart
Mixed chart
Pie chart
This chapter introduces each of the basic chart types and explains how each
type can be displayed in several ways. It also suggests how to choose which
chart type is best for conveying your particular message, and ways in which you
can customize your charts.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2. Choosing the best chart type ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You probably have a wide variety of business data, and you will want to analyze
and present it in the most effective manner to make the most effective
decisions. Different types of data lend themselves to different chart types,
but you can also look at the same data in different ways.
For example, Visualizer Charts can show you:
o Comparisons between data
o Trends over time
o The parts of a whole
o The distribution of data
o A combination of data representations
Before you create a chart, ask yourself what you want the chart to show. This
section can help you pick a chart type that will get your point across
effectively.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2.1. Picking a chart to show comparisons ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Charts can compare two or more variables and highlight the differences between
them. For example, you can compare:
o Sales of different products
o Budgets and actual results
o Salaries in different departments or regions
o The growth rate for last year with the growth rate for this year
Bar charts are particularly useful for showing comparisons, because you can see
the data you are comparing displayed side by side. See Bar charts for further
information about this type of chart.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2.2. Picking a chart to show trends over time ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Charts can show how data changes over time. For example, you can show how:
o Sales have changed from month to month
o Your market share has changed in the last five years
o Electricity consumption changes over the year
o Employee vacation time varies from month to month
Line charts and surface charts are particularly useful for showing changes over
time, because they show the data displayed as a continuous flow. See Line
charts and Surface charts , for further information about these types of
chart.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2.3. Picking a chart to show the parts of a whole ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Charts can show how a whole is divided into parts. For example, you can show:
o Your percentage of total market share
o The total portion of the company budget that each department receives
o The contribution of each product to total sales
Pie charts are particularly useful for showing the way that the parts of your
data are related to the whole, indicating the percentages of each type of data
present. See Pie charts for further information about this type of chart.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2.4. Picking a chart to show the distribution of data ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Charts can show how your data is distributed. For example, you can show:
o Advertising expenditure against units sold
o Salary against profit
Scatter charts are particularly useful for showing the distribution of your
data. You can easily see whether there is any correlation between two sets of
data. See Scatter charts for further information about this type of chart.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2.5. Picking a chart to show a combination of data ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Charts can show a mixture of chart types. For example, you can show:
o Profit as a line chart overlaid on expenses as a bar chart
o Sales quotas as a surface chart overlaid on actual sales as a bar
o Planned monthly expense as a bar chart overlaid on actual expense as a
surface chart
Mixed charts combine different representations of your data on the same chart,
making it easy to compare and contrast results and trends. See Mixed charts for
further information about this type of chart.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.3. Understanding how your data is represented ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To create most charts you need an X variable and one or more Y variables. The X
variable is used to group your data. For example, you could use years, employee
names, or product types.
The Y variable contains data values which change according to the value of the
X variable. For example, the Y variable could be sales figures, salaries, or
production costs. A chart is a graphical representation of the relationship
between the X and Y variables. You can show the relationship between the X
variable and more than one Y variable.
For example, if your X variable was employee name, you could have salary and
pension as two Y variables. You can also introduce a further level of grouping
using Z variables. Your chart would then represent the relationship between the
X, Y, and Z variables.
All Visualizer chart types except pie charts are called axis-based because they
have a horizontal (X) axis and a vertical (Y) axis. They can also have a
horizontal axis that is perpendicular to both the X and the Y axes, called the
Z axis. This axis is in the same plane as the X axis, but is usually drawn
receding into the screen. In an axis-based chart, the Y value for each X value
and, where appropriate, each Z value, is shown as a data point on the chart.
For pie charts, each pie represents one X value, and each slice represents a
particular Y value as a percentage of the total of Y values.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4. Examples of charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section shows each of the basic chart types available in Visualizer
Charts. These are only intended as examples of each type, and show some of the
ways in which you can customize your charts. Using the full facilities of
Visualizer Charts, you can tailor the basic type to suit your requirements.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4.1. Line charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
On a line chart, the data is plotted against the X and the Y axes and lines
drawn between the data points. This type of chart is useful for showing and
predicting trends in your data:
A line chart
This chart compares the sales of two of Celdial's products. You can see how
sales of Product A have exceeded those of Product B through the year. However,
sales of Product A rose steadily, while those of Product B showed a greater
increase in the second half of the year.
To help convey this information, this chart has:
o A title (CelDial Corporation)
o Annotation (Product Sales 1994)
o Two Y values for each X value, showing sales for both products
o Legends identifying the Y values (Product A, Product B)
o Scaling on the Y axis (the intervals are in thousands of sales)
o Tick marks to show the intervals on both axes
o Grid lines on the Y axis to help read the figures
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4.2. Surface charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Like line charts, surface charts also show data points connected by lines, but
the area beneath the lines is shaded in. The solid filling adds impact.
This chart looks at personnel for CelDial's Product D throughout 1994:
A surface chart
At a glance, you can see how the available workforce increased sharply in the
second half of the year, while those that were employed on Product D increased
steadily.
Although this could have been drawn as a line chart, drawing it as a
3-dimensional surface chart gives more impact to this particular data.
Customization includes:
o Making the chart three-dimensional
o Adding annotation at an angle (Available, Used)
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4.3. Bar charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Bar charts show the area beneath each data point as a solid, shaded block. Bar
charts are especially useful if the X values are discrete, instead of
continuous:
A bar chart
This chart is a striking representation of CelDial's profits for 1994. It would
make an impressive illustration in CelDial's annual report.
This information could also have been drawn as a line chart or surface chart,
but when drawn as a customized bar chart, CelDial's profits definitely stand
out. Customization includes:
o Making the chart three-dimensional
o Changing its orientation to rotated
o Adding perspective
o Overlaying the bars with the data values
Removal of the scale on the Y axis draws more attention to the bars-and the
profits-themselves.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4.4. Scatter charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Scatter charts show each data point, but the data points are not joined
together like a line or surface chart. They are useful for showing the
distribution of your data, and can help you to identify any correlation between
your X and Y data values:
A scatter chart
In addition to such familiar features as the title, tick marks, and axis
labels, this chart also demonstrates how your chart can focus on specific
regions of your data. The X axis begins at 475 instead of at 0, making better
use of the space available in the chart and emphasizing the message you are
trying to convey. A labeled datum line on the X-axis shows the mean number of
defects.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4.5. Mixed charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
With a mixed chart, you can combine elements of line charts, surface charts,
and bar charts. Mixed charts are helpful if you want to visually compare
different types of data. This chart combines a bar chart and a surface chart:
A mixed chart
The bar chart showing planned monthly sales figures is overlaid on a surface
chart showing the actual sales achieved. By using contrasting colors and
shapes, the chart is a striking representation of how the CelDial Corporation's
sales plan was consistently exceeded throughout 1994.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.4.6. Pie charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Unlike the other types of charts, which are axis-based, pie charts show one pie
for each primary grouping column. Values of Y can be shown as percentages of
the total of all Y values for that X value:
A pie chart
This chart illustrates where CelDial spent its money in 1993 and 1994, breaking
down the overall expenses into four areas, each of which is identified in the
legend: Salaries, Administration, Equipment, and Education.
It is clear that CelDial has increased the proportion of its overall budget
spent on salaries and has also managed to reduce the percentage spent on
administration. Identification lines from each slice give the exact
percentages.
There is one pie for each year, and the pies have been made more eye-catching
by making them three-dimensional, tilting them, and exploding one of the slices
to draw attention to it. The pies are also arranged horizontally-you could move
the pies to different positions to alter the emphasis.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.5. Customizing your chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Every chart you produce using Visualizer Charts can be tailored to suit your
precise requirements. This section is a quick reference to the various elements
of charts, and to the options that are available for changing them.
For more details on how to create and customize your charts, see Using
Visualizer Charts . For complete information about adding or changing elements
of your chart, look at the comprehensive online help provided with Visualizer
Charts.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.5.1. Changing your chart from the menu bar ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
From the menu bar at the top of your chart, you can change the appearance of
your chart to present your data in the most effective manner.
From the Selected menu, you can change the colors, shading, line styles and
text font, and size of selected chart elements. You can also explode pie
slices for emphasis.
From the Presentation menu, you can change the overall appearance of your
chart. From here, you can select the chart type, change the orientation and
perspective of your chart, and select how data analyses should appear on your
chart.
From the Axes menu, you can specify the appearance of your X, Y, and Z axes,
and the scales to want to use on each axis. You can also attach data analyses
to your Y axes.
From the Text menu, you can add and change all the text elements of your chart.
These include the title, legends, labels, and identifiers for pie slices. You
can also annotate your chart.
There is also a tool bar which gives you easy access to the most frequently
used options from the menu bar.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.5.2. Other chart terminology ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This chapter has mentioned a number of terms specific to charts. This section
contains a number of terms that may prove useful.
Data analysis You can apply a data analysis to each column of data you
select. Data analyses are plotted against the Y axis. Each
analysis comprises a function and a display method. There are
five functions:
Total is the sum of all the Y values for each unique X value.
Average is the mean of the Y values for each unique X value
Minimum is the smallest Y values for each unique X value
Maximum is the largest Y values for each unique X value
Detail is all the Y values for each unique X value
Each function can be displayed as:
An absolute value is the Y value for each X value
A cumulative value is the running total of Y values across
all X values
Datum line Is a line drawn across a chart for a particular Y (or X)
value. It could represent sales quota, drawing attention to
those values which exceed that quota.
Discrete A discrete mode for a numeric or date X scale only displays
those scale values with corresponding Y data present. These
scale values are evenly spaced along the X axis, making no
allowance for any missing X scale values. The opposite of
discrete is constant, where all scale values within the range
are shown in sequence.
Index Index numbers are used in place of values on the X scale.
They are useful if there is not enough space to display the
full X value.
Relationship Controls the way data analyses appear on your chart. They
can be:
Additive: the Y values are added together for each X value
Overlaid: the data values fully overlap
Parallel: the data values are shown side by side, or
partially overlapping.
Representation Is the style used to show data on a mixed chart. If you are
plotting several data analyses on a mixed chart, you can
choose a different representation for each analysis. If you
are using more than one representation on a mixed chart, you
can choose a different relationship for each representation.
Scale values Are the text adjacent to each axis, telling you what the data
represents.
Scaling factor Defines the relationship between data values and the
divisions on the axis scales. For example, if your data is
measured in units of 1000 with a range of 1000 through 7000,
a scaling factor of 1000 would mean that the axis had a scale
of 0 through 7 on your chart. Scaling factors must be
integral powers of 10.
100% chart Is an additive chart where the total of the Y values for each
X value add up to 100%.
For more information about chart elements and how to customize your chart, see
the online help provided with Visualizer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6. Using Visualizer Charts with other Visualizer products ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You can combine the power and flexibility of Visualizer Charts with other
products in the Visualizer family. So whether you are doing statistical
analysis or creating multidimensional business models, you can easily create
the same wide range of stunning charts-and more.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6.1. Analyze your data with Visualizer Statistics for OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You can use Visualizer Charts to analyze your data in a number of ways. But if
you want to do some serious statistical analysis of your data, then you will
want Visualizer Statistics for OS/2.
Visualizer Statistics offers over 50 statistical methods and analyses,
including correlation, regression, forecasting, testing samples, probability,
and statistical quality control charts. You can see simple mean, mode, or
standard deviation information. Or you can use more advanced analyses such as
Time Series or Analysis of Variance.
Visualizer Statistics uses Visualizer Charts to create charts for you, so your
results can be displayed in a wide array of styles. So whether it's a moving
average or a mean, a curve fitting or a pareto, you can customize your chart
easily.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6.2. Solve business and organizational problems with Visualizer Plans for OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You can use Visualizer Plans for OS/2 to look at your business
differently-compare performance in several dimensions, such as time, products,
geography, and people. How do your current sales in the North East compare with
last year? Does one product earn more profit than others? Which promotion is
most successful in each of your sales areas?
With Visualizer Plans for OS/2, you can build multidimensional models. You can
create a hierarchy that represents your problem with built-in functions such as
depreciation and compound growth. Automatic consolidation lets you see your
results at many levels.
And because Visualizer Plans uses Visualizer Charts, you can easily customize
your presentations.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6.3. Automate your work with Visualizer Procedures for OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
It's Friday and your major client needs the latest results. It's the end of the
accounting period, and the analyses are due now You're out of the office, but
your boss still needs those charts. What you need is a helping hand.
Visualizer Procedures for OS/2 can make your routine, repeated work easy. You
use visual programming to drag objects to a procedure and link them
together-Visualizer objects like charts, system objects like printers and mail
baskets, or special procedure objects that will prompt you for current
information.
In fact, Visualizer Procedures is at its most productive when you're not there!
You can combine a scheduler with automatic execution and spooling, so your
business information arrives on time, based on the latest data-wherever it
might be in your enterprise.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.6.4. Develop a customized solution with Visualizer Development for OS/2 ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Visualizer Development for OS/2 provides an environment for prototyping and
creating client-server solutions. It's especially good for developing a
customized front-end for querying and manipulating your corporate data.
Visualizer Development has built-in APIs for objects like Visualizer Charts, so
you can immediately offer users of your application the point-and-click,
drag-and-drop features that you use yourself. And since Visualizer Development
fully utilizes the OS/2 Workplace Shell you can build in the same ease-of-use
features into your own applications.
All this, plus:
o Interfaces to C and OS/2 REXX
o Multimedia objects
o Clipboard support
o Linkages to help and mail
o Programmable DDE links
o Extensive reach to relational and non-relational data.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. Using Visualizer Charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Visualizer Charts has an easy-to-use OS/2 interface. This chapter tells you
some of the things that you can do with Visualizer Charts, and gives some
examples.
Almost everything that you can do with Visualizer Charts is available from the
menu bar on the main Visualizer Charts window. Most of the menu choices show
you a secondary window where you specify the details of what you require. For
example, you can specify the relationship between bars on a bar chart:
Relationship between bars on a bar chart
Many of the menu choices available to you are also available as buttons on the
tool bar. For example, Print...
In addition, you can tailor your chart in many ways by double-clicking on parts
of it, and you can move certain parts of your chart simply by dragging them.
There is complete information on how to use Visualizer Charts in its online
help for the tool bar buttons, menu choices, and windows. (For a reminder of
how to access the online help, see Common OS/2 tasks).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. Creating a simple chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Creating a chart is easy:
1. Create a new chart object from the Visualizer Charts template. (For a
reminder of how to do this, see Common OS/2 tasks ).
Open your new chart.
2. Drag the icon for a data object and drop it on your chart. For example, you
could drag and drop a Visualizer SQL table or a Visualizer query.
Visualizer Samples folder.
Visualizer Charts shows you the Select columns window.
3. Select a Data column for the Y-axis. For example, you could select an
AnnualSalary column.
4. Select a Grouping column for the X-axis. For example, you could select a
Division column.
5. Select OK to see your chart.
Visualizer Charts draws a bar chart:
Simple bar chart
For more information on specifying the data for your chart, see Selecting data
, and see the online help for Select a table or query... in the Data menu.
For complete information on selecting columns, see the online help for Select
columns... on the tool bar, or on the Data menu).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. Adding a secondary grouping ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A secondary grouping shows you a further breakdown of the data in your simple
chart. For example:
1. Go back to the Select columns window. (Select Select columns... from the
tool bar, or from the Data menu.)
2. Select Sex as the Secondary (Z) grouping column.
3. Select OK to see your chart.
Visualizer Charts draws a bar chart with two sets of bars:
Bar chart with two sets of bars
In this example, a column containing only two values (M and F) was already
available to provide a secondary grouping. If a column like this is not already
available, then Visualizer Charts can create one for you. See Calculating extra
columns for more information on how to create a new column of data for your
chart.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3. Changing the type of chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To change your chart to another type, select any of these tool bar buttons:
Line chart
Surface chart
Scatter chart
Bar chart
Mixed chart
Pie chart
To make your chart 3-dimensional, or 2-dimensional again, select one of these
tool bar buttons:
2-D chart
3-D chart
For example, you could change your simple bar chart to a 3-dimensional pie
chart:
3-dimensional pie chart
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the
corresponding tool bar buttons, menu choices and windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4. Tailoring the text ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To tailor the text on your chart, double-click on any text item, or use the
Text menu.
For example, you could:
o Double-click on the title, "AnnualSalary by Division and Sex", then change it
to "Salaries" and move it to the left.
o Double-click on one of the pie titles, "F", or "M", then change them to
"Women" and "Men", and move them to the top.
o Double-click on one of the slice labels, "35%", for example, and remove the
identification lines.
o Double-click on one of the legends, "Head Office", for example, then change
it to "Headquarters" and move the legends to the left.
o Add annotation, "Last year's figures" at the top right. (Select Annotation...
from the Text menu.)
You do not need to calculate the position. Add the annotation anywhere, then
drag it into position. (Use mouse button 2 to drag, in the usual way.)
Visualizer Charts shows you your chart with tailored text and annotation:
Tailored text and annotation
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the
corresponding menu choices and windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.5. Changing the color, size, and style of text ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To change the color, size, and style of text, use the Selected menu.
For example, to change the font of the title, select the title by clicking once
with the mouse. Select Style... from the Selected menu.
If you use Apply to apply each change you make, then you can select another
text item to change without closing the Style window.
If the title or an annotation is wrongly positioned after you change its size,
just drag it to adjust its position.
You can use the same techniques to change the font and size of all the text on
your chart. Visualizer Charts shows you your chart with the font and text sizes
that you have specified:
Text fonts and sizes
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the
corresponding menu choices and windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.6. Changing the color and style of other parts of your chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
In the same way as for text, you can change the color and style of other parts
of your chart.
For example, you could select a pie slice and Explode on the Selected menu to
move it away from the rest of the pie.
The margin around the chart is a separate area that you can color. The
background area that the pies are drawn on is also a separate area that you can
color.
Here is a chart with one exploded pie slice, and a colored margin:
Exploded pie slice, and colored margin
For other chart types, there are different options available, but you can
specify most of them in the same way by selecting parts of your chart.
For example, in a line chart you can change the markers and the lines, even
removing the lines completely:
Line chart with the lines removed
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the
corresponding menu choices, and windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.7. Controlling the appearance of your chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To control the appreance of your chart, double-click on any part of it.
Visualizer Charts show you a window where you can specify how your chart looks.
For example, you could double-click on a pie slice to control the thickness,
angle, and rotation of the pies:
Rotated and thickened pies
For other chart types, there are different options available, but you can
specify most of them in the same way by double-clicking on parts of your chart.
For example, in a bar chart, you can double-click on the background to change
the perspective, you can double-click on any bar to change the bar spacing, and
you can double-click on the Y-axis to remove the grid lines:
Perspective in a bar chart
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the
corresponding menu choices and windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.8. Selecting and analyzing data ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You can specify a subset of your data to use in your chart. You can also
specify extra columns calculated from your data so that you can use them in
your chart. To use any of these facilities, select a tool bar button:
Calculate columns...
Select columns...
Select rows...
To analyze the data in a column, for example by calculating a total or an
average, select Analyses... from the Data menu. You can also select Percentages
from the Data menu to show the results as percentages. On a Mixed chart, you
can use Representations... on the Data menu to show the results of different
analyses as different chart types.
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the tool bar
buttons, menu choices, and windows.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.9. Using variable values in your chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To make a chart whose exact content and appearance can be changed each time you
use it, incorporate variable values. A variable value is a symbol of up to 20
characters starting with an at sign (@). When you run your chart, the variable
values are substituted with real values that you supply.
If you use variable values in a Select rows expression, or in a Calculated
columns expression, and you do not supply values when you run the chart, then
you are prompted for the values.
You can use variable values in other places, but you are not prompted for their
values. See Opening your chart from a command line or a program for
information on how to specify their values.
For example, if you make the title of your chart:
Chart of employees earning $@Salary or more
and you specify a Select rows expression:
AnnualSalary >= @Salary
then when you run your chart, you are prompted for the value of Salary. If you
enter, for example, 19000, then the select rows expression becomes
AnnualSalary >= 19000, and the title becomes "Chart of employees earning $19000
or more".
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. More advanced ways to use Visualizer Charts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This chapter describes more advanced ways to use Visualizer Charts. Most of
these are options that affect your whole chart, not just elements of your
chart.
For example, this section tells you ways to print your chart.
There is more information on these advanced ways to use Visualizer Charts in
its online help (for a reminder of how to access the online help, see Common
OS/2 tasks).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.1. Tailoring your chart quickly ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To tailor your chart quickly, when you are familiar with the options you want
to use, uncheck Autorefresh display on the View menu. This allows you to select
options without waiting for your chart to refresh itself on the screen.
Use the mouse to select parts of your chart that you want to change.
Once you have a window open, use Apply to apply your changes without closing
the window. Then when you need to change another part of your chart in the same
way, the window is still open. For example, when you are specifying the colors
on your chart, keep the Color window open and change all the colors one by one.
To see the effect of your changes at any stage, select Refresh display on the
View menu.
When you have finished making the changes that you are sure of, check
Autorefresh display on the View menu again.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.2. Selecting data ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The easiest way to select data for your chart is to drag it and drop it on your
chart window. If this is not possible, or not appropriate, then you can use
Select a table or query... on the tool bar or from the Data menu.
Select a data type from the list, and specify the location and name of the data
object or file.
The list of data types includes relational data, Visualizer objects, host
computer and AS/400 connections, and interchange formats.
If your data is stored in a type that is not in the list, you may still be able
to access it by importing it into a Visualizer Table object first, or by
exporting it to an interchange format, or by reading it using Visualizer
Development.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.3. Calculating extra columns ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
If your data is not in the form you need for your chart, then Visualizer Charts
can calculate extra columns. Select Calculate columns... on the tool bar or
from the Data menu.
Supply name and an expression for the new column that you want to calculate. In
the expression, you can use the names of other columns as variables, you can
use arithmetic and logical operators, and you can use functions. For complete
information on what you can use, see the online help, and use the button.
For example, to calculate a secondary grouping column for your data, you can
use a logical expression-one that eveluates to either true (1), or false (0),
like this:
AnnualSalary >= 20000
For other groupings, you could use the IF function:
IF(AnnualSalary<15000,"Low",IF(AnnualSalary<20000,"Medium","High"))
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4. Dynamically updating your charts and other objects ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Visualizer Charts supports Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) to link objects
dynamically.
For example, if your chart uses data from a Visualizer Table, then when the
table is updated, your chart is automatically updated too. This means that you
do not have to use Refresh data on the View menu to refresh your chart.
Or if a document incorporates your chart, then when your chart is updated, the
document is automatically updated too.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4.1. Keeping your chart updated ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
If you dragged a Visualizer data source and dropped it on your chart, then your
chart already contains link information. To manipulate the link to your chart,
select Links... on the Edit menu.
Alternatively, copy the data source to the clipboard. In your chart, select
Paste link on the Edit menu to paste the link information into your chart.
There is more information on DDE links in the online help for these menu
choices.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4.2. Using your chart to update another object ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To use your chart to update another object dynamically, the other object must
use one of the data formats that Visualizer Charts uses.
Copy link information from your chart to the clipboard. To do this, select
Deselect all and then Copy on the Edit menu.
Open the object that incorporates your chart and paste the link information
into it.
There is more information on DDE links in the online help for these menu
choices.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.5. Saving, copying and printing your chart ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To save, copy, or print your chart, use one of these tool bar buttons:
Save
Copy to...
Print...
These tool bar buttons correspond to menu choices on the Chart menu. Other
choices on the Chart menu export and import a chart from IBM Application System
running on a host computer.
For complete information on these choices, see the online help for the tool bar
buttons, menu choices, and windows. For another way to print your chart, see
Redirecting a chart's output to a file .
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6. Opening a chart from an OS/2 command line or from a REXX program ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You do not have to open your chart from the desktop-you can open it from an
OS/2 command line or from a program.
To open your chart from an OS/2 command line, or from a REXX command file, use
the command:
START FTBAS3 /cIBMCHART /n"chartname"
where chartname is the full path and name of your saved chart.
For example:
START FTBAS3 /cIBMCHART /n"D:\WORK\MyChart"
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6.1. Specifying variable values ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To set the values of variables when you open your chart, specify this option in
the command:
/@var1="value1"@var2="value2"
For example:
START FTBAS3 /cIBMCHART /n"D:\WORK\MyChart" /@Salary="19000"
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6.2. Redirecting a chart's output to a file ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To redirect the output from your chart to a file without displaying the chart,
specify this option in the command:
/k"[COPYTO(filename,format)]"
where:
filename Is the name of the output file
format Is one of the following formats:
IBMCHART
METAFILE
BITMAP
PCX
TIFF
GIF
For example:
START FTBAS3 /cIBMCHART /n"D:\WORK\MyChart" /k"[COPYTO(D:\WORK\Pic.BMP,BITMAP)]"
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6.3. Redirecting a chart's output to a printer ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To redirect the output from your chart to a printer without displaying the
chart, specify this option in the command that you use to open your chart:
/K"[PRINT(printer,dialog]"
where:
printer Is the name of the printer
dialog Is one of:
1 displays the Printer Settings window
0 does not display the Printer Settings window
For example:
START FTBAS3 /cIBMCHART /n"D:\WORK\MyChart" /k"[PRINT(\\LANPRINT\PRINTER1,0)]"
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6.4. Opening your chart from a Visualizer Development application ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
When you use IBM Visualizer Development for OS/2 to build an application, you
can open your chart from a menu choice by dropping the Visualizer Chart icon on
the Visualizer Menu editor, or you can open your chart from a program by
dropping the Visualizer Chart icon on the Visualizer Program editor window to
generate the required code automatically.
For more information, see IBM Visualizer Development for OS/2: Using.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6.5. Creating a new chart object ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To create a new Visualizer Chart object, copy the template to a new name and
location.
The template is the file CHART in the FTB1PATH path. You can use the OS/2
command PATH FTB1PATH to find out the FTB1PATH setting. Then copy the template
using a command like:
COPY ftb1path\CHART newpath\newname
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Common OS/2 tasks ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This chapter describes how to access online help, and how to create and rename
an object.
To access the online help for Visualizer Charts, you can use the F1 key, or you
can use General help on the tool bar, or you can use the Help menu.
There is help for every tool bar button, for every menu choice, and for every
control in the windows that you use to specify your chart. There is no specific
help on the elements of your chart that you can select.
For information on any tool bar button, select it with mouse button 2 to see a
context menu, then press the F1 key. (The context menu is timed, and disappears
after a moment.)
For information on any menu choice, highlight the choice and press the F1 key.
For information on any control in a window, select the control or use the Tab
key to move cursor focus to it, then press the F1 key.
For complete information on how to use the help system, select Using help on
the Help menu.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.1. Creating a new object ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You can create a new object from a template or from an existing object.
Creating a new object from a Visualizer Charts template
You can create a new object from a template by using drag and drop. Dragging
and dropping a template creates a new occurrence of the object that the
template represents. The new object is created in the folder where the template
is dropped and has the same settings and contents as the template.
Use care when working with templates. If you change the settings for a
template, any object created from that template has the templates current
settings.
To create a new object:
1. Open the Shadows of Templates folder.
2. Hold down mouse button two and drag a Visualizer Chart template from the
Shadows of Templates folder to a target folder or to the desktop.
Creating a new object from an existing object
When you create a new object from an existing object, the new object is created
with default settings.
To create a new object from an existing object:
1. Hold down the Ctrl key and drag the object's icon to a new location. A new
object with default settings is created.
Renaming an object
After you create a new object, you might want to change the name of the object.
To rename an object:
1. Hold the Alt key, then select the title of the object you want to change.
2. Type the new name.
3. Use the Backspace key or Delete key to erase the previous name.
4. Move the mouse away from the name and press mouse button 1.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8.2. Creating a template with a specific definition ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You can customize a template and use it to create multiple objects with the
same settings. This is useful if you want, for example, all your charts to
contain the same heading with a specific font and color.
You can create templates with specific definitions for all Visualizer objects.
To create a template with a specific definition:
1. Create a new object as described in Creating a new object from a Visualizer
Charts template.
An icon for the new object is displayed.
2. Customize the object to include the features you want to use in future
objects.
3. Rename the object as described in Renaming an object.
4. Open the notebook for the object to the General page.
5. Select the Template check box. The icon on your desktop for the object
changes to a sticky pad with the object icon displayed on it.
6. Close the notebook.
To use the template, create a new object from the template. An icon for the new
object is displayed. Define the object as outlined in this book for that
object.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Visualizer Charts tool bar buttons ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Tool bar button Equivalent menu choice
Save Save from Chart
Copy to... Copy to... from Chart
Print... Print... from Chart
Select a table or query... Select a table or query... from Data
Select columns... Select columns... from Data
Select rows... Select rows... from Data
Calculate columns... Calculate columns... from Data
Line chart Chart type from Presentation
Surface chart Chart type from Presentation
Scatter chart Chart type from Presentation
Bar chart Chart type from Presentation
Mixed chart Chart type from Presentation
Pie chart Chart type from Presentation
Two-dimensional chart Chart type from Presentation
Three-dimensional chart Chart type from Presentation
Help General help from Help
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Visualizer Charts keyboard shortcuts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To use a shortcut key combination, hold the first key, then press the second
key. For example, for the combination Ctrl+Esc, hold the Ctrl key, then press
the Esc key.
Shift+Delete Cuts the selected text to the clipboard
Ctrl+Insert Copies the selected text to the clipboard or the entire chart
and the DDE link information
Shift+Insert Pastes the contents of the clipboard onto the chart
Delete Deletes the selected text
Ctrl+\ Cancels all the selections made on your chart
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 11. Visualizer Charts limits and fonts ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Limits
Analyses in a chart 25
Slices in a pie 50
Unique values in a Z-item 50
Data points 2D 5000
Data points 3D 1000
Fonts
If you are using SBCS or DBCS fonts in Visualizer Charts, provided they are
installed on your computer you can use:
o Tms Rmn
o Courier
o Helv
In addition, if you are using DBCS fonts in Visualizer Charts, provided they
are installed on your computer you can use either:
o Mincho medium and Gothic medium fonts.
o Mincho and Gothic fonts (installed as an optional product)
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 12. Visualizer Education Request Form ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To receive details on Visualizer Education, please complete this form and mail
or fax it to:
IBM United Kingdom Limited
ContactPoint
Warwick Software Development Laboratory
PO Box 31, Birmingham Road
WARWICK
United Kingdom CV34 5JL
Telephone: +44 926 464845
Fax number: +44 926 410764
IBM Mail Exchange: GBIBMNRT at IBMMAIL
IBM Internal Network: MARKET at ASICVM1
Bitnet: MARKET at VNET
Internet: market@asicvm1.vnet.ibm.com
IBM Corporation
FAO Mary Crocket
1 East Kirkwood Blvd
Roanoke
Texas 762 99 0001
USA
Telephone: +1 817 962 6441
Fax number: +1 817 962 6005
IBM Mail Exchange: USIB5Z9J at IBMMAIL
IBM Internal Network: JONESSH at MSNVM1
Internet: jonessh@msnvm1.vnet.ibm.com
Query for OS/2 Procedures for OS/2
[] Introductory education [] Introductory education
[] Advanced education [] Advanced education
Charts for OS/2 Development for OS/2
[] Introductory education [] Introductory education
[] Advanced education [] Advanced education
Statistics OS/2 Plans for OS/2
[] End-user education [] End-user education
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Name: Address:
Company:
Phone No.:
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 13. Visualizer Information Request Form ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
To receive information about Visualizer products, just call:
In U.S.A., 1-800-IBM-CALL, extension 137
In Canada, 1-800-465-1234, extension 2002
Elsewhere, +44 926 464845
Alternatively, complete this form and fax it to:
+44 926 499256
[] Query for OS/2 [] Procedures for OS/2
[] Charts for OS/2 [] Development for OS/2
[] Statistics for OS/2 [] Plans for OS/2
[] Ultimedia Query for OS/2
Other (Please detail your requirements)
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