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lesskey.man
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1995-11-09
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LESSKEY(1) LESSKEY(1)
NNAAMMEE
lesskey - specify key bindings for less
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
lleesssskkeeyy [[--oo oouuttppuutt]] [[iinnppuutt]]
lleesssskkeeyy --VV
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
_L_e_s_s_k_e_y is used to specify a set of key bindings to be
used by _l_e_s_s_. The input file is a text file which
describes the key bindings, If the input file is "-",
standard input is read. If no input file is specified,
$HOME/.lesskey is read. The output file is a binary file
which is used by _l_e_s_s_. If no output file is specified,
$HOME/.less is written. If the output file already
exists, _l_e_s_s_k_e_y will overwrite it.
The -V flag causes _l_e_s_s_k_e_y to print its version number and
immediately exit. If -V is present, other flags and argu-
ments are ignored.
The input file consists of one or more _s_e_c_t_i_o_n_s_. Each
section starts with a line that identifies the type of
section. Possible sections are:
#command
Defines new command keys.
#line-edit
Defines new line-editing keys.
#env Defines environment variables.
Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#)
are ignored, except for the special section header lines.
CCOOMMMMAANNDD SSEECCTTIIOONN
The command section begins with the line
#command
If the command section is the first section in the file,
this line may be omitted. The command section consists of
lines of the form:
_s_t_r_i_n_g <whitespace> _a_c_t_i_o_n [extra-string] <newline>
Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or
tabs. The _s_t_r_i_n_g is the command key(s) which invoke the
action. The _s_t_r_i_n_g may be a single command key, or a
sequence of up to 15 keys. The _a_c_t_i_o_n is the name of the
less action, from the list below. The characters in the
_s_t_r_i_n_g may appear literally, or be prefixed by a caret to
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LESSKEY(1) LESSKEY(1)
indicate a control key. A backslash followed by one to
three octal digits may be used to specify a character by
its octal value. A backslash followed by b, e, n, r or t
specifies BACKSPACE, ESCAPE, NEWLINE, RETURN or TAB,
respectively. A backslash followed by any other character
indicates that character is to be taken literally. Char-
acters which must be preceded by backslash include caret,
space, tab and the backslash itself.
An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such
a command is entered while running _l_e_s_s_, the action is
performed, and then the extra string is parsed, just as if
it were typed in to _l_e_s_s_. This feature can be used in
certain cases to extend the functionality of a command.
For example, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example
below.
EEXXAAMMPPLLEE
The following input file describes the set of default com-
mand keys used by less:
#command
\r forw-line
\n forw-line
e forw-line
j forw-line
^E forw-line
^N forw-line
k back-line
y back-line
^Y back-line
^K back-line
^P back-line
J forw-line-force
K back-line-force
Y back-line-force
d forw-scroll
^D forw-scroll
u back-scroll
^U back-scroll
\40 forw-screen
f forw-screen
^F forw-screen
^V forw-screen
b back-screen
^B back-screen
\ev back-screen
z forw-window
w back-window
F forw-forever
R repaint-flush
r repaint
^R repaint
2
LESSKEY(1) LESSKEY(1)
^L repaint
g goto-line
< goto-line
\e< goto-line
p percent
% percent
{ forw-bracket {}
} back-bracket {}
( forw-bracket ()
) back-bracket ()
[ forw-bracket []
] back-bracket []
\e^F forw-bracket
\e^B back-bracket
G goto-end
\e> goto-end
> goto-end
= status
^G status
:f status
/ forw-search
? back-search
\e/ forw-search *
\e? back-search *
n repeat-search
\en repeat-search-all
N reverse-search
\eN reverse-search-all
\u undo-hilite
m set-mark
' goto-mark
^X^X goto-mark
E examine
:e examine
^X^V examine
:n next-file
:p prev-file
:x index-file
- toggle-option
:t toggle-option t
s toggle-option o
_ display-option
| pipe
v visual
! shell
+ firstcmd
H help
h help
V version
q quit
:q quit
:Q quit
ZZ quit
3
LESSKEY(1) LESSKEY(1)
PPRREECCEEDDEENNCCEE
Commands specified by _l_e_s_s_k_e_y take precedence over the
default commands. A default command key may be disabled
by including it in the input file with the action
"invalid". Alternatively, a key may be defined to do
nothing by using the action "noaction". "noaction" is
similar to "invalid", but _l_e_s_s will give an error beep for
an "invalid" command, but not for a "noaction" command.
In addition, ALL default commands may be disabled by
adding this control line to the input file:
#stop
This will cause all default commands to be ignored. The
#stop line should be the last line in that section of the
file.
Be aware that #stop can be dangerous. Since all default
commands are disabled, you must provide sufficient com-
mands before the #stop line to enable all necessary
actions. For example, failure to provide a "quit" command
can lead to frustration.
LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG SSEECCTTIIOONN
The line-editing section begins with the line:
#line-edit
This section specifies new key bindings for the line edit-
ing commands, in a manner similar to the way key bindings
for ordinary commands are specified in the #command sec-
tion. The line-editing section consists of a list of keys
and actions, one per line as in the example below.
EEXXAAMMPPLLEE
The following input file describes the set of default
line-editing keys used by less:
#line-edit
\t forw-complete
\17 back-complete
\e\t back-complete
\14 expand
^V literal
^A literal
\el right
\eh left
\eb word-left
\ew word-right
\ei insert
\ex delete
\e\b word-backspace
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LESSKEY(1) LESSKEY(1)
\e0 home
\e$ end
\ek up
\ej down
LLEESSSS EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS
The environment variable section begins with the line
#env
Following this line is a list of environment variable
assignments. Each line consists of an environment vari-
able name, an equals sign (=) and the value to be assigned
to the environment variable. White space before and after
the equals sign is ignored. Variables assigned in this
way are visible only to _l_e_s_s_. If a variable is specified
in the system environment and also in a lesskey file, the
value in the lesskey file takes precedence. Although the
lesskey file can be used to override variables set in the
environment, the main purpose of assigning variables in
the lesskey file is simply to have all _l_e_s_s configuration
information stored in one file.
EEXXAAMMPPLLEE
The following input file sets the -i flag whenever _l_e_s_s is
run, and specifies the character set to be "latin1":
#env
LESS = -i
LESSCHARSET = latin1
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
less(1)
WWAARRNNIINNGGSS
It is not possible to specify special keys, such as upar-
row, in a keyboard-independent manner. The only way to
specify such keys is to specify the escape sequence which
a particular keyboard sends when such a keys is pressed.
CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
Copyright (c) 1984,1985,1989,1994,1995 Mark Nudelman
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