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XNÉIO 0 1 ° XNÉCT 0 1.000000000000011E²13 ° XCÉFC 1 6 .,*0_² ° XNÉRL 0 16807 ° XCÉPR 0 ° XCÉLX 1 5 TEACH ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 10 304) ° FDISPLAY ÉFX 'D╜S DISPLAY A;ÉIO;R;C;HL;HC;HT;HB;VL;VB;V;W;N;B' ° 'Σ DISPLAY A GENERAL ARRAY IN PICTORIAL FORM' ° 'Σ NORMAL CALL IS MONADIC. DYADIC CALL USED ONLY IN' ° 'Σ RECURSION TO SPECIFY DISPLAY RANK, SHAPE, AND DEPTH.' 'ÉIO╜0' ° '»(0=ÉNC ''S'')/''S╜µA''' 'R╜╞µ,S Σ PSEUDO RANK.' ° 'C╜''┐┌└┘'' Σ UR, UL, LL, AND LR CORNERS.' ° 'HL╜''─'' Σ HORIZONTAL LINE.' ° 'HC╜HL,''Θ╕'',HL,''~+ε'' Σ HORIZONTAL BORDERS.' ° 'HT╜HC[(0<R)⌡1+0<╞²1╞,S]' 'ΣW╜,0╧■╞0µΓ(1⌐µA)╞A' ° 'HB╜HC[3+3╛(''2⌡~A╧«A'' ÉEA ''1+╞ε0⌡(1⌐⌡/µA)╞,A'')+3⌡1<µµS]' ° 'VL╜''│'' Σ VERTICAL LINE.' ° 'VB╜VL,''Φ╟'' Σ VERTICAL BORDER.' ° 'V╜VB[(1<R)⌡1+0<²1╞²1╟,S]' ° '»(0εµA)/''A╜(1⌐µA)µΓ╞A'' Σ SHOW PROTOTYPE OF EMPTIES.' ° '╕(1<╧A)/GEN' '╕(2<µµA)/D3' ° 'D╜«A Σ SIMPLE ARRAYS.' 'W╜1╞µD╜(²2╞1 1,µD)µD' ° 'N╜²1+1╟µD' '╕(0=µµA)/SS' ° 'D╜(C[1],V,((W-1)µVL),C[2]),((HT,NµHL),[0]D,[0]HB,NµHL),C[0],(WµVL),C[ ° 3]' '╕0' 'SS:HB╜((0 '' '')=╞0µΓA)/'' -''' ° 'D╜'' '',('' '',[0]D,[0]HB,Nµ'' ''),'' ''' '╕0' ° 'GEN:D╜«DISPLAY■A Σ ENCLOSED ...' 'N╜Dδ.⌠'' ''' ° 'D╜(Nδ~1ΦN)≡D' 'D╜(δ≡~'' ''╤D)/D' 'D╜((1,µS)µS)DISPLAY D' ° '╕(2≥µ,S)╟D3E,0' 'D3:D╜0 ²1╟0 1╟«ΓA Σ MULT-DIMENSIONAL ...' ° 'W╜1╞µD' 'N╜²1+1╟µD' ° 'D╜(C[1],V,((W-1)µVL),C[2]),((HT,NµHL),[0]D,[0]HB,NµHL),C[0],(WµVL),C[ ° 3]' 'D3E:N╜²2+µ,S' ° X 'V╜C[Nµ1],[0]VB[1+0<²2╟,S],[0](((²3+╞µD),N)µVL),[0]C[Nµ2]' 'D╜V,D' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° FGO ÉFX 'GO;b;e;t' 'Σ Expression driver' 'L0:b╜e╜''''' 'æ╜'' ''' ° 't╜æ' '╕(^/'' ''=t)/L0' '╕((^/'')OFF ''=5╞6╟t)doif ''exit'')/0' ° '╕(('':''εt)doif ''b╜evaldd (+/^\'''' ''''=t)╟t'')/L0' ° '''e╜ÉEM'' ÉEA t' '╕(0=µ,e)/L0' '╕b/L0' ° '''This is not a valid APL2 expression''' 'æ╜''*''' ° X '╕(''?''⌠╞1╟æ)/L0' 'e' '╕L0' ° *(1995 6 28 13 23 19 416) ° XFLOOP ÉFX 'LOOP' '''LOOPING'',ÉDL 1' '╕1' ° *(1995 7 18 13 40 35 512) ° FSCROLL ÉFX 'SCROLL;T' 'This line displayed every second' 'T╜ÉDL 1' ° X '╕1' ° *(1995 4 23 14 14 6 304) ° FSVOFFER ÉFX 'DC╜PID SVOFFER SV' 'SV╜(²2╞1 1,µSV)µSV╜πSV' ° '╕(2=ÉNC ''PID'')/DYADIC' 'DC╜ÉSVO SV ╪ ╕0' ° 'DYADIC:╕(1^.⌠DC╜PID ÉSVO SV)/END' 'ÉSVE╜15' ° 'CHECK:╕(1^.⌠DC╜ÉSVO SV)/END' '╕(0⌠ÉSVE)/CHECK' ° X 'END:SV╜1 0 1 0 ÉSVC SV' ° AT╜4 4µ('t')('e')('s')('t')(2)(' ')(' ')(' ')('o')('n')('e')(' ')(3)(' ° X')(' ')(' ') ° *(1996 3 29 15 54 22 556) ° FTEACH ÉFX 'TEACH' 'Σ Introduction to APL2OS2 tutorials' 'copyright' ° 'welcome' 'do' 'exa' 'TEACH1 Σ Installing APL2OS2' ° 'TEACH2 Σ Defining libraries and APL2 invocation' ° 'TEACH3 Σ The SESSION LOG' 'TEACH4 Σ The SESSION editor' ° 'TEACH5 Σ Opening and APL2 object' ° 'TEACH6 Σ The SIGNALS menu' 'TEACH7 Σ The OPTIONS menu' ° 'TEACH8 Σ Customizing the keyboard' ° 'TEACH9 Σ Setting up fonts' 'TEACH10 Σ Changing colors' ° 'TEACH11 Σ Changing colors of fields' ° 'TEACH12 Σ Setting up F-keys' ° X 'TEACH13 Σ The WINDOW and HELP menus' ° *(1996 3 29 16 14 17 380) ° FTEACH1 ÉFX 'TEACH1' 'Σ Installing APL2OS2' '''INSTALLING APL2OS2'',r' ° '''When you install APL2OS2, your desktop acquires a new icon. It is'' ° ' ° '''the one that shows a globe with a highway paved with APL2 boxes.''' ° '''Clicking on this icon reveals a window containing additional icons. ° '',r' ° '''You may try out the "READ ME", "SERVICE INFO" icons for an up to da ° te''' ° '''status of your installed product. The "USER''''S GUIDE" icon provid ° es''' ° '''the entry to the on line version of the User''''s Guide manual. Sin ° ce''' ° '''you most likely have an updated version of APL2OS2, this on-line''' ° '''manual contains corrections and additions not in your hard copy. It ° ''' ° '''is therefore highly recommended that you access this on-line docume ° nt''' ° '''for the most up-to-date information. The same thing can be said for ° ''' ° '''the icons that represent entries to the "LANGUAGE REFERENCE" and th ° e''' '''"GRAPHPAK: USER''''S GUIDE AND REFERENCE.'',r' ° '''HINT: Click on the "User''''s Guide" icon. Then move the window to ° the''' ° ''' right edge of your screen. Do the same thing for the "Languag ° e''' ° ''' Reference" icon and the "Graphpack:..." icon. Then, click on ° the''' ° ''' red APL2/2 icon to activate APL2. This will overlay the APL2' ° '' ° ''' Session Manager window on your screen. As you use APL2, you c ° an''' ° ''' always find answers to your APL2 questions by clicking on the ° ''' ''' manuals-windows at the right edge of your screen.''' 'do' ° '''The bright red APL2/2 icon is your entry into APL2. Clicking on thi ° s''' ° '''icon invokes a batch file named APL2.CMD which resides in the sub-' ° '' '''directory BIN of APL2OS2 (the main directory for APL2OS2).'',r' ° '''At this point you are ready to start using APL2. However, you may'' ° ' ° '''wish to define your own libraries, and change some of the default'' ° ' '''parameters.''' 'do' '''ADDING LIBRARIES'',r' ° '''To add libraries, you will have to modify the APL2.CMD file.''' ° '''Here is the step by step procedure for customizing your APL2/2:''' ° ''' 1. Click on the small square in the upper right hand corner of yo ° ur''' ° ''' APL2 Session Manager window. This will "minimize " it i.e. it' ° '' ° ''' will make it disapear from the screen but still keep it active ° .''' ° ''' 2. Double click on the OS/2 System Editor icon on your desktop.'' ° ' ° ''' (You may have to move windows around to make this icon visible ° )''' ''' 3. Click on the FILE pull down menu, and select OPEN''' ° ''' 4. In the Directory box double click on C:(or D:...) where APL re ° sides''' ''' 5. In the same box double click on APL2OS2''' ° ''' 5. Again in the same column, double click on BIN''' ° ''' 7. Now look in the FILE box for APL2.CMD and click on that. Your' ° '' ° ''' Sytem Editor box will display the contents of that file. It wi ° ll''' ° ''' look like the listing on page 11 of your User''''s Guide.''' ° ''' | If you want to find a listing of APL2.CMD from your on-line ° |''' ° ''' | "User''''s Guide", click on the Guide window. Then select the ° |''' ° ''' | + sign on the item "Installing and Customizing APL2/2". Then ° |''' ° ''' | select the "Customizing APL2/2" box, then "APL2.CMD" box, ° |''' ° ''' | and finally select "Rexx Command File". ° |''' ''' 8. At this point you are ready to modify this file'',r' 'do' ° ''' To illustrate the process, assume that you have a directory in''' ° ''' C:\MINE that contains some of your APL2 workspaces. You would like ° X''' ''' to define this directory as LIB 12.''' 'end' ° *(1996 3 28 16 47 13 492) ° FTEACH10 ÉFX 'TEACH10' 'Σ The color palette' '''CHANGING COLORS'',r' ° '''You can change both background colors, and the colors of the APL''' ° '''fields. Changing the background color is easy:'',r' ° '''From the Options menu, select the "Color Palette". A window will''' ° '''appear with 9 rows and 13 columns of colors. Place the pointer on'' ° ' ° '''the color you wish to have in the background. Press the right mouse ° ''' ° '''button, and drag it to any spot on the Session Manager window. (A'' ° ' ° '''paint bucket will appear as the prompt). When you release the mouse ° ''' ° '''button, the background color will change. In the same way you can a ° lso''' '''change the color of the other window components.''' 'do' ° '''If you do not find a color to your liking on the color palette, you ° ''' '''can design your own color:''' ° '''1. Point to the color that most closely approaches the one you want ° ,''' ° ''' and click the left button. A box will surround the color sample. ° ''' ° '''2. Click on the "Edit color" button. A new window will appear on th ° e''' ''' screen.''' ° '''3. Move this window to one side so that both the "Color palette" an ° d''' ''' the "Edit color" window appear side by side.''' ° '''4. Using the mouse, move the cross-hairs on the color circle and on ° ''' ° ''' releasing the button, observe the effect on the selected color o ° f''' ''' the color palette.''' ° '''5. Again, using the mouse, move the brightness bar to see the effec ° t.''' ° '''6. When satisfied with the color, close the "Edit color" window.''' ° X 'end' ° *(1996 4 3 14 2 56 380) ° FTEACH11 ÉFX 'TEACH11' 'Σ Changing colors of the fields' ° '''CHANGING COLORS OF THE FIELDS'',r' ° '''When you select the "Fields..." option, a window named "Fields" com ° es''' ° '''up on the screen. The window gives instructions on how to change''' ° '''the colors of different APL2 fields. Below the instructions it list ° s''' ° '''the types of fields using the default color scheme: Some fields are ° ''' '''blue, some black, and two are red.''' 'do' ° '''If you try to follow the instructions, you will quickly find that s ° imply''' ° '''clicking on the two needed options (Color Palette and Fields) does ° not''' ° '''produce the desired effect, namely to have the two windows side by ° side.''' ° '''Although there may be other ways to change the color of fields, her ° e is''' '''one approach that works:'',r' ° '''1. Select the "Color Palette" option. and then minimize it''' ° '''2. Select the "Fields..." option''' ° '''3. Click on the "Window list" (the easiest way is to press Ctrl and ° ''' ''' Esc at the same time)''' ° '''4. Double click on the "APL2 Color Palette". Then move the two wind ° ows''' ''' so that they do not overlay each other.''' ° '''5. Select the color from the color palette, and pressing the Ctl ke ° y''' ° ''' to drag the color to the desired Field on the "Filelds..." windo ° Xw.''' 'end' ° *(1996 3 28 16 47 54 656) ° FTEACH12 ÉFX 'TEACH12;SCROLL;T' 'Σ Setting up F-keys' ° '''SETTING UP F-KEYS'',r' ° '''Function keys are used in APL2OS2 in many contexts. A complete''' ° '''discussion of their usage must be delayed until such time we cover' ° '' '''the various Auxilliary Processors.'',r' ° '''However, as long as one deals only with the Session Manager, and''' ° '''the related "Options" pull down menu, there is a way to define F-ke ° ys''' ° '''with the objective of saving typing effort. On installation, APL2OS ° 2''' ° '''defines a default for the first 12 F-keys. To find out what these'' ° ' ° '''defaults are, simply select the "F-keys..." option. The "F keys"''' ° '''widow displays the current meaning of the 12 F-keys. A button in''' ° '''front of each definition provides for a check mark. A check mark''' ° '''will cause the definition to be displayed on the screen, but not to ° ''' ° '''be evaluated. A definition without the checkmark will be immediatel ° y''' '''evaluated.''' 'do' ° '''To change a definition, mark the desired F-key line and enter the n ° ew''' ° '''definition. To place (or remove) a check mark, simply click on the' ° '' '''button. Pressing OK will complete the definition process.''' ° 'do' ° 'T╜ÉFX ''SCROLL;T'' ''''''This line displayed every second'''''' ''T╜É ° DL 1'' ''╕1''' '''SCROLL and DISPLAY STACK'',r' ° '''The last two items on the "Options..." pull down menu are toggle''' ° '''switches. To see how checkmarks affect the action of APL2, enter:'' ° ,r' ''' SCROLL'',r' ° '''and wait until the listing goes to the bottom of the window. Then'' ° ' ° '''press BREAK, and display the stack ")SI". Repeat this exercise for' ° '' ° '''different combinations of the "Scroll" and "Display stack" options. ° X''' 'end' ° *(1996 4 3 14 7 26 280) ° FTEACH13 ÉFX 'TEACH13' 'Σ The Windows and Help pull down menus' ° '''THE WINDOW and HELP MENUS'',r' ° '''The last two pull down menus (WINDOW and HELP) are of not much use. ° ''' ° '''The "Windows" menu contains only one option: the "APL2 Window list" ° .''' ° '''When selected, it will display ONLY the currently active APL2 objec ° ts.''' '''To see a list of ALL OS/2 objects, press Ctrl AND Esc'',r' ° '''The "Help" pull down menu DOES NOT provide the APL2 documentation.' ° '' ° '''There are five items on this pull down menu, none particularly usef ° ul:''' ° ''' HELP INDEX lists an outline of the OS/2 features associated with a ° ''' ° ''' window, editing text and pull down menus (most of it ha ° s''' ''' been covered by this lesson).''' ° ''' GENERAL HELP describes the behavior of the APL2OS2 window.''' ° ''' USING HELP describes how to access the OS/2 documentation.''' ° ''' KEYS HELP lists the usage of key combinations to produce specific' ° '' ''' effects (as an alternate to the use of the mouse).''' ° ''' PRODUCT INFORMATION is just an expanded copyright note'',r' ° '''If you need help in the use of APL2, you can follow the procedure'' ° ' '''described earlier in this lesson:'',r' ° ''' 1. minimize the Session Manager"''' ° ''' 2. Open the User''''s Guide or the Language Reference icons and mo ° ve''' ° ''' these windows to the right edge, where they will be visible fro ° m''' ''' the Session Manager.''' ° ''' 3. Get back to the Session Manager.''' 'do' ° '''This completes the first tutorial lesson on using APL2OS2. Future'' ° ' ° '''lessons will discuss some of the Auxilliary Processors and their us ° Xage''' '''in developping new applications.''' 'end' ° *(1996 3 29 16 15 44 492) ° FTEACH2 ÉFX 'TEACH2' 'Σ Defining new libraries' ° '''Move the pointer to the end of a line, say the one that reads''' ° '''SET APL00002=C:... and press ENTER. A blank line will appear below. ° ''' '''On this new line type:'',r' '''SET APL00012=C:\MINE'',r' ° '''(You may wish to enter more library numbers in this manner, provide ° d''' ° '''the named directories already exist.) At this time you may also wis ° h''' ° '''to review the list of Environment variables (p. 17 of User''''s Gui ° de).''' ° '''However, unless there is a specific need, the default values should ° be''' ° '''adequate. Then, when you have finished, click on the FILE pull down ° ''' '''menu, press SAVE and exit from the System Editor.'',r' ° '''To get back to APL2, click on the "Window list" button; then double ° ''' ° '''click on the APL2 Session Manager line. Remember that your newly''' ° '''defined libraries (such as 12) will not become active until the nex ° t''' '''time you load APL2OS2.''' 'do' '''APL2 INVOCATION'',r' ° '''You may also wish to modify the invocation by adding keywords to th ° e''' ° '''"AOSAPL2.EXE" command (next to the last line of APL2OS2.CMD).There ° is,''' ° '''however, another way to introduce parameters to AOSAPL2.EXE. If you ° ''' ° '''plan to invoke APL2 by double clicking on the red APL2 icon, you ca ° n''' ° '''modify the way it invokes APL2. The procedure is quite simple, but' ° '' '''again, requires a number of steps:'',r' ° '''Look over pages 15-16 of your User''''s Guide. Let us assume that y ° ou''' ° '''have decided to always use the "-ws 2m,7m" option to specify your'' ° ' ° '''workspace size. You may also wish to provide for an optional entry ° of''' '''one or more additional keywords. Here is how to proceed:''' ° 'do' ° ''' 1. As before, minimize the APL2 Session Manager by clicking on th ° e''' ''' small square in the upper right corner''' ° ''' 2. Point to the red APL2 icon, and click on the RIGHT button. A p ° ull''' ''' down menu will appear.''' ° ''' 3. Select the line that reads SETTINGS. This will produce the fir ° st''' ° ''' of several pages defining the manner in which APL2 will behave ° ''' ° ''' 4. The first page has three boxes. Ignore the one labelled Pathna ° me.''' ° ''' Move the pointer to the one labelled Optional Parameters and'' ° ' ''' click on it. Then enter: -ws 2m,7m []''' ° ''' (ws -2m,7m will give you initially a WS size of 2 megs, and w ° hen''' ° ''' that gets full will increment it by 7 megs. The brackets [] w ° ill''' ° ''' cause a small window to appear each time you start APL2, wher ° e''' ° ''' you will be able to enter additional invocation parameters.)' ° '' ° ''' 5. Double click on the upper left corner to close the SETTINGS bo ° Xx''' 'end' ° *(1996 3 29 15 48 32 572) ° FTEACH3 ÉFX 'TEACH3' 'Σ Associated Windows' ° '''Now that you have initialized APL2 on your system, let us take a lo ° ok''' ° '''at the OS2 environment. Your APL2 Session Manager has the following ° ''' '''labels on the pull-down menu list:'',r' ° ''' Log'',r,'' Edit'',r,'' Signals'',r,'' Options'',r,'' Windows' ° ',r,'' Help''' 'do' '''THE SESSION LOG'',r' ° '''You will note that the title of the APL2 window is "APL2 Session''' ° '''Manager". This window is a partial view of a file called the Sessio ° n''' ° '''log. (The actual file name is not important now). You can scroll''' ° '''the screen, change its size, move it around, and "minimize" it.''' ° '''When you click on the "Log" pull-down menu, you will see a list of' ° '' '''options dealing with your APL2 SESSION.'',r' ° '''There are three parts to this list. The first part deals with the'' ° ' ° '''Session log file(s). You can save this file, rename it, erase it,'' ° ' '''change its size and delete portions of it.'',r' ° '''The second portion of the "Log" pop up menu provides a way to quit' ° '' '''APL2. It is equivalent to the )OFF System Command.'',r' ° '''The last portion of the "Log" pull-down menu allows you to print al ° l''' ° '''or parts of the session. The "Print Setup..." gives you the ability ° ''' ° '''to select the printer. The third option wil print the entire conten ° ts''' ° '''of the Session log. (Not recommended if your Session file is large) ° ''' ° ''' It is the second option, however, that may be most useful. It allo ° ws''' '''you to print selected portions of the log.''' 'do' ° '''Before we leave this section, consider trying the following exercis ° Xe:''' 'testlog' 'end' ° *(1996 3 28 16 48 49 640) ° FTEACH4 ÉFX 'TEACH4' '''SESSION EDITOR'',r' ° '''When you click on the "Edit" pull-down menu, only three of the 7''' ° '''options are highlighted:'',r' ° '''Paste'',r,''Find'',r,''Open Object...'',r' ° '''You will also notice that the seven options fall into four separate ° ''' '''partitions:'',r' ''' Copy''' ° ''' Cut Paste Find Open Object...''' ° ''' Delete Marked''' ''' Unmark all'',r' ° '''Obviously in order to "Cut" "Copy" "Delete" or "Unmark" blocks of'' ° ' '''data, one has to first mark it.''' 'do' ° '''There are two ways of marking lines:''' ° ''' 1) Place the mouse at the line to be marked, then press the left'' ° ' ° ''' button and move the mouse to the left or right. The line will'' ° ' ° ''' become highlighted. If the mouse is also moved up or down, a''' ° ''' block of lines may be so highlighted. Marked blocks need not''' ° ''' be continuous. Marking an already highlighted line or block wil ° l''' ''' "unmark" it.''' ° ''' 2) Another way to mark lines is to place the cursor on the line''' ° ''' BELOW (or ABOVE) the line to be marked, and by pressing the SHI ° FT''' ''' and the UP or DOWN arrow.'',r' ° '''Once text or APL expressions have been highlighted, they can be''' ° '''erased or copied. To see how this works, try the following exercise ° :''' 'tested' ° '''The "Find" option on the Edit menu allows you to search for specifi ° c''' ° '''character strings. The search always proceeds from the current plac ° e''' ° '''of the prompt. You can not only specify the string to be found,''' ° '''but also give a replacement string. The buttons allow you to search ° ''' ° '''forward or backwards. You can replace a specific string wherever''' ° '''it ocurrs, you can ignore case, and you can search only for APL nam ° es.''' ° '''Try the following exercise to get acquainted with this feature:'',r ° X' 'testfi' 'end' ° *(1996 3 29 16 24 8 384) ° FTEACH5 ÉFX 'TEACH5' 'Σ Opening an APL2 object' ° ''' The last item on the Edit pull down menu provides a way to edit'' ° ' ° '''APL2 defined functions, defined operators and rank 2 character arra ° ys.''' ° '''There is one other restriction: In the early versions of APL2OS2 th ° e''' ° '''object to be edited had to exist in the workspace. This no longer i ° s''' '''a requirement.''' ° '''When you select the "Open Object..." of the "Edit" pull down menu, ° an''' ° '''"Open Object" window appears. There are three buttons in the middle ° of''' ° '''this box. They are labelled: Variables, Functions, Operators. The'' ° ' ° '''Function button is selected by default. Above these buttons, there ° is''' ° '''a box named "Open object name". You need not write in this box. Loo ° k''' ° '''instead down in the box labelled "Objects" and click on the name th ° at''' ° '''you wish to edit. Then press on the OK button. (If you pressed the' ° '' ° '''"Variables" button, and then selected a variable not containing a'' ° ' ° '''rank-2 character array, you will hear a beep, and the bottom line o ° f''' '''the Session manager window will display an error message.)''' ° X 'do' 'testob' 'end' ° *(1996 3 31 14 51 43 632) ° FTEACH6 ÉFX 'TEACH6;LOOP' 'Σ Signals pull down menu' ° '''THE SIGNALS MENU'',r' ° '''If, as it happens occasionally, something goes wrong, you will want ° ''' ° '''to interrupt the APL2 processing. You can use the SIGNALS pull down ° ''' ° '''menu to do that. Of course, the PAUSE and ESC PAUSE (BREAK) keys ca ° n''' ° '''also be used In fact, the first two options on the Signals pull dow ° n''' '''menu contain two words:'',r' ° ''' SUPPRESS PAUSE'',r,'' ATTENTION BREAK'',r' ° '''(The second word gives the key name on the keyboard). Why the''' ° '''terminology? (Suppress=Pause and Attention=Break) A mystery!'',r' ° ''' When the PAUSE option is pressed, APL processing stops but no othe ° r''' '''action takes place.''' ° ''' When the BREAK option is pressed, evaluation stops immediately. Th ° e''' ° '''function name and the line number will appear. The prompt also move ° s''' '''to a new line waiting for a keyboard entry.''' 'do' ° ''' The third line on the Signals pull down menu is the INTERRUPT. Thi ° s''' ° '''simulates an error interrupt. As for the BREAK, processing will''' ° X '''continue if you enter ╕ÉLC.''' 'do' 'testsi' 'end' ° *(1996 3 28 16 49 33 580) ° FTEACH7 ÉFX 'TEACH7' 'Σ Options pull down menu' ° '''THE OPTIONS MENU'',r' ° '''The next pull down menu is called "Options". It allows you to modif ° y''' ° '''the behavior of your keyboard, and the Session Manager window. You' ° '' ° '''should test out the available options in the following exercises''' ° '''even if you are satisfied with the installed setup defaults.''' ° 'do' '''APL On'',r' ° '''There is a toggle switch that allows you to make the keyboard behav ° e''' ° '''as either APL2 or ASCII. You can activate this toggle switch by one ° of''' '''two ways:'',r' ° ''' 1. by simultaneously pressing Ctl and Backspace''' ° ''' 2. by marking the "APL On" line on the Options pull down menu'',r' ° '''Look at the bottom line of the Session Manager window. It should re ° ad''' ° '''"Input [APL]". Now select the "Options menu" and remove the check'' ° ' ° '''mark from the "APL On" line. The "[APL]" will disappear from the''' ° '''bottom line, meaning that the keyboard is now an ASCII keyboard. To ° ''' ° '''return to the APL font place a check mark on the "APL On" line of t ° Xhe''' '''Options menu, or just press Ctl AND Backspace.''' 'end' ° *(1996 3 28 16 49 45 628) ° FTEACH8 ÉFX 'TEACH8' 'Σ Keyboards' '''CUSTOMIZING KEYBOARDS'',r' ° '''There are on the market a variety of keyboards. When you installed' ° '' ° '''APL2OS2 the process may not have defined the layout of the keys the ° ''' ° '''way as they are shown on your keyboard. The line "Select Keyboard"' ° '' ° '''gives you the capability to re-define your keyboard to one of sever ° al''' ° '''common standards. When you select "Select Keyboard", a window named ° ''' ° '''"Keyboard Layout Selection" appears. A window within this window''' ° '''called "Layout Names" displays a list of available layouts.'',r' ° '''The current setting is highlighted in this window. As an exercise,' ° '' ° '''select the line labelled "APL2 Union with European Characters", the ° n''' ° '''press OK. Now hold Alt down, and press in turn the keys for Q,P and ° M.''' ° '''You should see characters used in writing Spanish. To return back t ° o''' ° '''APL2, select "Select Keyboard" again and this time highlight the''' ° '''keyboard option that is most convenient for your configuration.''' ° 'do' ° '''Suppose now, that your keyboard does not fit the pattern of any one ° ''' ° '''of the available layouts. You can not only inspect what characters' ° '' ° '''are associated with your current keyboard, but you can even design' ° '' '''your own layout.'',r' ° ''' All of this is possible if you select the "Modify Keyboard" option ° .''' ° '''When you select "Modify Keyboard ...", a new window called the''' ° '''"Keyboard Layout Modification" appears. On the left side there is a ° ''' ° '''keyboard display (6 pages) showing all the possible characters that ° ''' ° '''are available to you. At the top right an option window displays th ° e''' '''current layout name.'',r' ° '''(You can look at other layout names by pressing the button to the'' ° ' '''right of this window, and selecting other names.)'',r' ° '''In fact, do the following exercise: Select in turn each of the''' ° '''layout names, and then inspect the keyboard layout (displayed on th ° e''' ° '''window)for each of the four states: Base, Shift, Ctrl and Alt. (You ° ''' ° '''select the state by pressing the appropriate button on the "State"' ° '' '''panel.)''' 'do' ° '''Even if you are an accomplished user of APL, there may come a time' ° '' ° '''when you may not recall what key to press to get a specific APL2''' ° '''symbol. The "Modify Keyboard" option lets you see quickly the''' ° '''keyboard layout for any of the 4 keyboard states: BASE SHIFT CTRL'' ° ' '''and ALT.''' 'do' ° '''Now that you have become familiar with what is available, suppose t ° hat''' ° '''you desire to design your own keyboard. To do that, select the "Add ° "''' ° '''button. Then enter the name of the keyboard of your own design on t ° he''' ° '''"Add New Layout" window and press OK. A copy of your current keyboa ° rd''' ° '''will be transferred to your layout. To modify your own keyboard,''' ° '''select a character from the keyboard display table by clicking on i ° t,''' ° '''and then select the key where that characte is to be placed. Contin ° ue''' ° '''this process until you have satisfied your requirements. You save t ° he''' ° '''newly defined keyboard layout by pressing the "Apply" button.''' ° X 'end' ° *(1996 3 28 16 49 57 676) ° FTEACH9 ÉFX 'TEACH9' 'Σ Setting up fonts' '''SETTING UP FONTS'',r' ° '''The choice of characters on the "Characters Notebook" of the "Modif ° y''' ° '''Keyboard" option can be changed by selecting different fonts.'',r' ° '''Of course as long as you plan to use APL2, your choice of fonts is' ° '' ° '''limited to those that support the special APL symbols. If, however, ° ''' ° '''you have an application that does not use APL2 symbols, you can sel ° ect''' ° '''any one of the many fonts supported by your Operating System.'',r' ° '''When you select the "Font..." option, a "Font" window will appear o ° n''' ° '''your screen. There are four fields on this window (Name, Size, Styl ° e''' '''and Sample).'',r' '''Name''' ° ''' This field contains the font name that is currently active. If yo ° u''' ° '''press the button at the right of this field, you will see a listing ° of''' ° '''other fonts supported by OS2. Marking any one of these names will m ° ark''' ° '''this font as a possible change. The box labelled "Sample" will disp ° lay''' ° '''a sample text in that font. To select the font, press the "Apply"'' ° ' '''button.''' 'do' '''Size''' ° ''' This window displays a measure of the size of the characters. To' ° '' ° '''see how this works, mark the button at right and then select some'' ° ' ° '''numbers from the list. The Sample window will display the text in t ° he''' '''selected sizes.''' 'do' '''Style''' ° ''' The Style window may or may not provide one or more styles depend ° ing''' ° '''on the font. If the font supports both the "Normal" and "Bold" styl ° es,''' ° '''you can see best the difference on a large size (e.g. 24). By the w ° ay,''' '''the font named "Helvetica" supports four distinct styles.''' ° 'do' ° '''If you have selected a font a size and/or a style that you prefer,' ° '' ° '''select the "Apply" button. Pressing the "Reset" button will return' ° '' ° '''to the original font/size/style. Pressing the OK button will change ° X''' '''the setup of the setting and end the "Font" window.''' 'end' ° XCa 0 % ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° Faddquote ÉFX 'u╜addquote w' ° 'Σ Put quotes around a string, and double existing quotes' ° X 'u╜ÉAV[40],((1+w=ÉAV[40])/w),ÉAV[40]' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° XFaq ÉFX 'u╜aq w' 'Σ Enclose quoted string' 'u╜Γaddquote w' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° Fav ÉFX 'av;a;n;i;ÉIO' 'Σ Display characters in the Atomic vector' ° 'ÉIO╜0' 'a╜22 78µ'' ''' 'n╜3 0«φ12 22µ1+∞256' ° 'a[;,(6⌡∞12)°.+2 3 4]╜n' 'a[;6+6⌡∞12]╜φ12 22µÉAV' ° X 'a[7 8 10 13;6]╜'' ''' 'a[14+∞8;68 69 70 72]╜'' ''' 'a' ° *(1996 3 29 15 43 50 624) ° Fcopyright ÉFX 'copyright' 'Σ Copyright statement' ° '(10µ'' ''),''Copyright, Z. V. Jizba, 1995'',r' ° '''This and subsequent workspaces labelled TEACHxx are made available' ° '' ° '''at no cost to anyone who desires to learn how to use effectively''' ° '''the IBM/OS2 version of APL2.'',r' ° '''This software is provided "AS IS" with no WARRANTY of any kind, eit ° her''' ° '''express or implied. Any risk in its use resides with you, the user ° Xof''' '''these tutorials.''' '''(PRESS ENTER to continue)''' 'do' ° XCd 0 " ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 13 316) ° Fdate ÉFX 'u╜date w' 'Σ Format date and time of day' 'u╜«6╞w' ° X 'u╜('' ''⌠u)Γu' 'u╜εu,■''-- .. ''' ° XCdig 1 10 1234567890 ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 10 304) ° Fdo ÉFX 'do;t;e;b' 'Σ Expression driver' 'e╜''''' 'æ╜'' ''' 't╜æ' ° '╕(^/'' ''=t)/0' ° '╕(('':''εt)doif ''b╜evaldd (+/^\'''' ''''=t)╟t'')/2' ° '''e╜ÉEM'' ÉEA t' '╕(0=µ,e)/2' ° '''This is not a valid APL2 expression''' 'æ╜''*''' '╕(''?''⌠╞1╟æ)/2' ° X 'e' '╕2' ° *(1992 8 16 11 5 26 312) ° Fdoif ÉFX 'U╢╜V╢ doif W╢;t╢;e╢;c╢;r╢' 'Σ Rule' '╕(^/~U╢╜V╢)/0' ° X 'W╢╜V╢/W╢' '╕(1<╧W╢)/L1' '»W╢' '╕0' 'L1:t╢╜»■W╢' ° XCe 1 0 ° *(1996 3 31 14 34 39 548) ° Fend ÉFX 'end' '''²²''' 'e╜''''' 'æ╜'' ''' 't╜æ' '╕(^/'' ''=t)/0' ° '╕(('':''εt)doif ''b╜evaldd (+/^\'''' ''''=t)╟t'')/3' ° '''e╜ÉEM'' ÉEA t' '╕(0=µ,e)/0' ° '''This is not a valid APL2 expression''' 'æ╜''*''' '╕(''?''⌠╞1╟æ)/0' ° X 'e' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° XFendd ÉFX 'endd' 'Σ End of document' '20µ''²''' 'do' ° *(1995 4 23 14 14 25 380) ° Ferase ÉFX 'erase;t;DISPLAY;DOS;GO;PROFILE;SVOFFER' 't╜ÉNL 3' ° 't╜(~t^.εlc,'' '')≡t' 't╜ÉEX(~t[;∞5]^.=''TEACH'')≡t' 't╜ÉNL 2' ° X 't╜ÉEX(~t^.εlc,'' '')≡t' 't╜ÉNL 4' 't╜ÉEX(~t^.εlc,'' '')≡t' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fevaldd ÉFX 'u╜evaldd w;c;n' ° 'Σ Evaluate a direct definition expression' 'u╜0' 'n╜(w∞''Σ'')-1' ° 'c╜(((n╞w)⌠'':'')Γn╞w),Γ''ΣDD '',(n+1)╟w' '╕(label╞c)/0' ° '╕((2=µc)doif ''u╜showdd 1╙c'')/0' ° '╕((3=ÉNC╞c)doif ''u╜⌡µÉ╜(╞c),'''' is already defined.'''''')/0' ° '╕((3=µc)doif ''u╜simdd c'')/0' 'c╜(Γ''α∙ aw'')replace■c' ° 'u╜ε''u╜'',((''a''εεc[2 3 4])/''a ''),(╞c),'' w;t;b''' ° 'u╜u(5πc)(''b╜(t╜'',(3πc),'')/'',addquote ''u╜'',4πc)' ° X 'u╜u,''╕(t doif b)/0''(''u╜'',2πc)' 'u╜╧ÉFX u' ° *(1995 5 24 13 49 1 428) ° Fexa ÉFX 'exa' 'Σ OS2 exercise' '''OS/2 EXERCISE'',r' ° '''Before discussing APL, it is useful do an exercise using the mouse' ° '' '''to switch between APL2 and the desktop'',r' ° '''In the upper right hand corner of the APL2 Session Manager window,' ° '' ° '''there are two buttons. The one with the small square will "minimize ° "''' ° '''this window. Before you try it, be sure to write down the following ° ''' '''steps (so you can return back to APL2 quickly):'',r' ° ''' 1. Click on the "minimize" button. (The APL2 window will disappear ° )''' ° ''' 2. Click on the "Window list" (in OS/2 2.1 double click on the rig ° ht''' ° ''' mouse button) A "Window list" window will appear. This list has ° ''' ° ''' the names of all active windows (whether they are visible or no ° t).''' ° ''' 3. Click on the line "APL2 Session Manager". This will return you' ° '' ''' back to APL''' 'do' ° '''Remember these steps. They will be useful on a number of occasions' ° '' ° '''in these tutorials, whenever there will be reference to "minimizing ° X''' '''the Session Manager".''' 'do' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° Fexit ÉFX 'exit w' 'Σ Exit if there are too many suspended functions' ° X '╕((10>µÉLC)doif ''w'')/0' '''Please re-enter '',w' '╕' ° XCf 1 2 { ° *(1992 8 16 11 27 52 504) ° Ffkeys ÉFX 'fkeys W;B;T' 'Σ Display currenttly defined fkeys' ° 'B╜~^/W=ÉAV[1]' ° '╕((^/B)doif ''''''Currently no F keys are defined'''''')/0' ° '''The following Fkeys are currently defined (r stands for ÉAF 0)'',r' ° X 'T╜(r,'' r'')replace W' '0 tab B≡(π«■∞30),'' '',T' ° XCg 1 2 } ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fget ÉFX 'u╜v get w;t' 'Σ Prompt for response from keyboard' ° 't╜(0=ÉNC ''V'')doif ''V╜1''' 'w╜w,(~²1╞v)/'': ''' 'L0:æ╜w' 't╜æ' ° '╕((''╕''=(µw)╟t)doif ''╕'')/0' '╕(^/'' ''=w)/L1' ° '╕((~w╧(µw)╞t)doif ''''''PLEASE DO NOT BACKSPACE'''''')/L0' ° 't╜(µw)╟t' 'L1:u╜(²1+(,'' ''⌠t)∞1)╟t' '╕(1╞v)/0' 't╜(u⌠'' '')Γu' ° X 'u╜(µt),(Γu),t' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° Fglobals ÉFX 'globals' 'Σ Initialize useful global variables' 'r╜2╙ÉTC' ° 'q╜40╙ÉAV' 's╜Φp╜'' '',d╜35╙ÉAV' 'uc╜''ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ''' ° 'lc╜''abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz''' 'dig╜''1234567890''' ° X 'g╜'' '',h╜126╙ÉAV' 'f╜ÉAV[33 124]' 'a╜38╙ÉAV' ° XCh 0 } ° *(1996 3 28 16 45 40 592) ° Fhelp ÉFX 'help' ° '''If you feel that a single linear reading of these lessons is not th ° e''' ° '''best way to lear about APL2OS2, you may try to do the following.'', ° r' '''1. At any pause enter: ÉCR ''''TEACH''''''' ° ''' (a listing of the components of the tutorial workspace will appe ° ar)''' ° '''2. Jot down the names that appear in UPPER CASE --mostly TEACHxx--' ° '' ° '''3. Each of these is a component of the lesson that can be invoked'' ° ' ° ''' at the pause simply by entering its name. This will repeat that' ° '' ° ''' portion of the tutorial. The completion of each portion is marke ° Xd''' ''' by a line containing ²².''' 'end' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Finitialize ÉFX 'initialize;t' 'Σ Initialize workspace' 'erase' ° X 'globals' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 11 308) ° Fkeys ÉFX 'keys' 'Σ Display keyboard' ° ''' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 + ⌡''' ° '''SHFT ╒ ■ ² < ≤ = ≥ > ⌠ δ ^ - ÷''' ° '''ALT ╘ ƒ · ⁿ √ Φ φ Θ ╡ τ σ ! Æ''' '''''' ° ''' Q W E R T Y U I O P ╜ ╙ ╧''' ° '''SHFT ? ∙ ε µ ~ ╞ ╟ ∞ Ω * ╕ ╨ ╤''' ° '''ALT q w e r t y u i o p æ ≈ ╥''' ° '''CTRL ┌ ┬ ┐ ╔ ╦ ╗''' '''''' ° ''' A S D F G H J K L [ ]''' ° '''SHFT α ⌐ ╛ _ ╖ ╢ ° '''' É ( )''' ° '''ALT a s d f g h j k l » «''' ° '''CTRL ├ ┼ ┤ ─ ═ ╠ ╬ ╣''' '''''' ° ''' Z X C V B N M , . /''' ° '''SHFT Γ π ∩ ¼ ¥ ÿ | ; : \''' ° '''ALT z x c v b n m Σ ± ≡''' ° '''CTRL └ ┴ ┘ │ ║ ╚ ╩ ╝''' '''''' ° X '''Toggle switch to ASCII is CTL-BACKSPACE''' '''CTRL+G gives beep''' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Flabel ÉFX 'u╜label w' ° 'Σ Return 1 if w is not a valid character string label (also excludes ° Xl.c.)' '╕(u╜(1<µµw)δ1<╧w)/0' '╕(u╜~^/wεlc,uc,dig)/0' 'u╜w[1]εlc,dig' ° XClc 1 26 abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fnon ÉFX 'non;t;rc;et;r' ° 'Σ Ignore invalid keyboard entries, but evaluate valid APL2 expression ° s' 'æ╜'' ''' 't╜æ' '╕(0=µ(t⌠'' '')/t)/0' '(rc et r)╜ÉEC t' ° X '╕(0=rc)/2' '╕((1=rc)doif ''r'')/2' '╕2' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fnotb ÉFX 'u╜notb w' 'Σ Remove trailing blanks' ° '╕((1<╧w)doif ''u╜notb■ w'')/0' '╕((1<µµw)doif ''u╜πnotb Γ[2]w'')/0' ° X 'u╜(1-(,'' ''⌠Φw)∞1)╟w' ° XCp 1 2 " ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fpause ÉFX 'v pause w;t' ° 'Σ Pause, then print w v spaces right and return' ° X 't╜(0=ÉNC ''v'')doif ''v╜6''' 'do' '(vµ'' ''),w' 'do' ° XCq 0 ' ° XCr 0 ° *(1992 8 16 10 55 24 500) ° Freplace ÉFX 'u╜v replace w;i;r;s;t' 'Σ Replace elements in v in w' ° '╕((1<µµw)doif ''u╜π(Γv) replace■ Γ[µµw]w'')/0' 'i╜Γ∞µu╜w' ° 't╜(1=╧v)doif ''v╜(v⌠'''' '''')Γv''' 's╜,2πv' 'i╜⌡r╜i⌡(1πv)╤■Γw' ° '╕((2≥╧v)doif ''u[(εi)/εr]╜s[(εi)/εi⌡■∞µs]'' ''u╜εu'')/0' ° X '''u╜w'' ÉEA ''u╜(╞r)╢rep╞╞v''' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fround ÉFX 'u╜v round w' 'Σ Half adjust w to vth decimal' ° X 'u╜(╛0.5+w⌡10*v)÷10*v' ° XCs 1 2 " ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 12 312) ° Fshow ÉFX '╢v show ╢w;╢t;╢b' 'Σ Display and execute ╢w' ° '╢t╜(0=ÉNC ''╢v'')doif ''╢v╜0''' ° '╕((0=╧╢w)doif ''show ╢w,'''' '''''')/0' ° '╕((1<╧╢w)doif ''╢v show■ ╢w'')/0' ''' '',╢w' ° X '╕((╢v^'':''ε╢w)doif ''╢t╜evaldd ╢w'')/L0' '''ÉEM'' ÉEA ╢w' 'L0:do' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 13 316) ° Fshowdd ÉFX 'u╜showdd w;a;b;c;r' ° 'Σ Display a direct definition function' ° '╕((1=╧w)doif ''u╜showdd Γw'')/u╜0' ° '╕((3⌠ÉNC╞w)doif ''(ε╞w),'''' is not a function'''''')/0' ° 'c╜Γ[2]ÉCR╞w' 'c╜notb(2╞c),(Γ''aw α∙'')replace■2╟c' ° '╕((~''ΣDD''╧3╞2πc)doif ''''''Not a direct definition function'''''')/ ° 0' 'u╜1' 'b╜('' ''⌠╞c)Γ╞c' 'a╜'' ''' 'r╜2╟3πc' ° '╕((3=µc)doif ''a,(╞w),'''':'''',r,(3<µ2πc)/'''' Σ'''',3╟2πc'')/0' ° 'a╜a,(╞w),'':'',(2╟5πc),'':''' 'b╜(+\r=''('')-+\r='')''' 'b╜b∞0' ° X 'a╜a,(²3╟(b-1)╞3╟r),'':'',2╟»(b+2)╟r' 'a,(3<µ2πc)/'' Σ'',3╟2πc' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 13 316) ° Fshowfn ÉFX 'u╜v showfn w;f;n;t;ÉIO' 'Σ Simulate the STSC ÉVR command' ° 't╜(0=ÉNC ''v'')doif ''v╜0''' 'ÉIO╜0' ° 'u╜r,'' '',''╖'',w,''[É]'',(╞v)╞''╖''' 'n╜1╞µf╜ÉCR w' 'n╜«∞n' ° 'n╜(n⌠'' '')Γn' 'f╜(π''['',■n,■Γ''] ''),f' ° 't╜(1<µ,v)doif ''f╜f[1╟v;]'' ''u╜''''''''''' 'u╜²1╟u,r,,f,r' ° X 'u╜((-+/^\'' ''=Φu)╟u),('' ''(r,'' ╖'',date 2 ÉAT w))[╞v],r' ° *(1991 11 11 8 25 13 316) ° Fsimdd ÉFX 'u╜simdd w;e' 'Σ Simple direct definition mode' 'u╜0' ° '╕((0⌠ÉNC╞w)doif ''''''Already defined'''''')/0' 'e╜''α''ε2πw' ° 'w[2]╜Γ''u╜'',''α∙ aw'' replace 2πw' 'w╜w[1 3 2]' ° X 'w[1]╜Γε''u╜'',(e/''a ''),w[1],'' w''' 'u╜╧ÉFX w' ° XCt 1 17 S╢TEACH╜'' ° *(1992 6 3 9 59 17 424) ° Ftab ÉFX 'U╜V tab W;T;A;B;C;D;E;F;G;M;ÉPW' 'Σ Tabulate list W' ° 'T╜(0=ÉNC ''V'')doif ''V╜0''' 'M╜''Invalid data for tabulation''' ° 'V╜4╞V' 'ÉPW╜130╛30⌐G╜V[2]+79⌡V[2]=0' ° 'L1:╕((1<╧W)doif ''''''W╜∞0'''' ÉEA ''''W╜πW'''''')/L1' ° '╕(((0=µεW)δ2<µµW)doif ''U╜(~V╧4╞0)/M'')/0' ° 'T╜(1≥µµU╜«W)doif ''U╜πW╜(U⌠'''' '''')ΓU''' ° 'T╜(0<V[1])doif ''U╜(«(Φ1,╞µW)µ(V[3]µ'''' ''''),∞(╞µW)-V[3]),'''' '''' ° ,U''' '╕(G<30)/0' 'T╜(F╜µεV[4])+C╜1╟B╜µA╜(V[3],0)╟U' ° 'T╜⌐(1╞B)÷1⌐╛(ÉPW+F)÷T' 'U╜(E╜(V[3],C)╞U),[1](B╜T,1╟B)╞A' ° '''D╜εV[4]'' ÉEA ''D╜ÉAV[εV[4]+33⌡V[4]=0]''' 'L0:A╜(T,0)╟A' ° X '╕(0=1╞µA)/0' 'U╜U,(((T+V[3]),µD)µD),E,[1]B╞A' '╕L0' ° *(1992 12 19 18 32 12 420) ° Ftestap ÉFX 'U╜V testap W;B;D;S;T' ° 'Σ Test for existence of specific AP"s' 'D╜''D'',■«■W╜,W' ° 'T╜W ÉSVO■D' 'U╜0' '╕((^/B╜2=ÉSVO■D)doif ''T╜ÉEX■ D'')/0' ° '╕(2=ÉNC ''V'')/L0' ° 'T╜''The following Auxilliary Processor'',(S╜1<+/~B)╞''s''' ° 'T,(ε(S+1)╙'' is'' '' are''),'' not available'',(~B)/W' 'L0:U╜1' ° X 'T╜ÉEX■D' ° *(1995 6 11 13 18 39 408) ° Ftested ÉFX 'tested' 'Σ Exercise the Edit pull down menu' ° '''First, mark one or more lines of the above text.''' ° ''' ( Since plain text is not executable by APL, be sure that the last ° ''' ° ''' marked line is a blank one -- because it is the last line that A ° PL''' ''' tries to evaluate.)''' 'do' ° '''Select "Copy" from the Edit menu. The marked text will be stored in ° a''' ° '''buffer. Now place the pointer at the BOTTOM of the page and pull do ° wn''' ° '''the "Edit" menu again. This time select the "Paste" line. The selec ° ted''' ° '''text will be pasted at the pointer. Mark this pasted text again,''' ° '''and this time select the "Cut" option from the pull down menu. The' ° '' '''selected text will disappear.''' 'do' ° '''In addition to the "Cut", "Copy" and "Paste", you should also try t ° he''' ° '''"Delete Marked", and the "Unmark all" options. Try to find the''' ° X '''difference between "Cut" and "Delete marked".''' 'do' ° *(1995 6 11 14 35 37 472) ° Ftestfi ÉFX 'testfi' 'Σ Exercise the FIND option' ° '''Place the cursor at the top of the page, then select the "Find" opt ° ion''' ° '''from the "Edit" menu. A FIND window will appear on the screen. Ente ° r''' ° '''the string "CUT" on the "Find text:" line. Then press the FIND butt ° on.''' ° '''If you have followed these instructions, there should be a QUAD ove ° r''' ° '''the C of the word "CUT" above. Press FIND again. The QUAD moves to ° the''' '''next ocurrence of the word.'',r' ° '''Now click on the buttons labelled "Reverse search" and "Ignore case ° "''' ° '''and press again on the FIND button. Then press FIND button again. T ° hen''' ° '''press "cancel"- or the left mouse button outside the FIND window. ( ° The''' ° '''QUAD will be replaced by the pointer, and the FIND window disappear ° s.)''' 'do' ° '''This time the search went bacwards, and the QUAD was replaced by th ° e''' '''pointer.'',r' ° '''To see how the replacement option works, move the pointer to the to ° p''' ° '''of the second last paragraph. Then open the FIND window fom the Edi ° t menu''' ° '''(note that its contents remain unchanged). Enter the string "REMOVE ° "''' ° '''on the line labelled "Replace text:". Then click on "Reverse search ° "''' ° '''to remove the check, and on the "Change all ocurrences" (to place a ° ''' ° '''check mark there). This time, pressing the REPLACE button, all''' ° '''ocurrences of "cut" past the pointer will be replaced by REMOVE.''' ° X 'do' ° *(1995 5 29 14 34 10 428) ° Ftestlog ÉFX 'testlog' 'Σ Store and retrieve a session log' ° '''Take a blank formatted diskette and insert it into drive A:; then c ° lick''' ° '''on the "Log" pull down menu and select "Save as...". A "Save as" wi ° ndow''' ° '''will appear. It has five boxes labelled: "Save as filename", "Save ° file''' ° '''as type", "Drive", "File", and "Directory". The name shown on "Save ° as''' ° '''filename" apl00001.log is the default name of the log file. You can ° ''' ° '''change this name if you wish. Next, click on the arrow button of th ° e''' ° '''"Drive" box and select the A: drive. When you do that, the "File" b ° ox''' ° '''should become empty (unless you have some files on your A:drive flo ° ppy).''' ° '''Press the OK button. The contents of the current session log will b ° e''' '''transferred to the A disk.''' 'do' ° '''Now, click on the "Log" pull down list again, and this time select ° the''' ° '''"NEW" line. A "Session Manager Message" box will appear. Click on t ° he''' '''OK button. Your session manager screen will clear.'',r' ° '''To recover your session log, click on the "Log" pull down menu agai ° n,''' ° '''and click on OPEN. Select the A: drive, and the session log. When y ° Xou''' '''click on OK, your original session will be restored.''' 'do' ° *(1996 3 31 14 39 3 424) ° Ftestob ÉFX 'testob;T;FOO;ARRAY;OP' 'Σ Test the Edit Object option' ° 'T╜ÉFX ''FOO'' ''Σ Sample APL2 function'' ''''''Replace this line by t ° ext''''''' ° 'T╜ÉFX ''(X OP) W'' ''Σ Sample APL2 defined operator'' ''X/W''' ° 'ARRAY╜2 2µ''ABCD''' ° '''This exercise will show how the Edit function works. When you press ° ''' ° '''"Open object..", there is a sample function (FOO), a sample array'' ° ' '''(ARRAY) and a sample operator (OP) that you can edit without''' ° '''disturbing the functions of this workspace.'',r' ° '''To see these objects, enter ÉCR ''''FOO'''', then ÉCR ''''OP'''', a ° nd''' ° '''finally DISPLAY ARRAY. (Or just enter: FOO, then +OP ∞5 and ARRAY)' ° '' 'do' ° '''Now, select the VARIABLES button from the "Open object" window. The ° ''' ° '''"Objects" box will show a list of active variables in this workspac ° e.''' ° '''Click on the ARRAY line. The word ARRAY will appear on the top box. ° ''' ° '''If you now click on the OK button, a new window will appear showing ° ''' ° '''the contents of this variable. You can now make changes to the arra ° y.''' ° '''When finished, enter DISPLAY ARRAY, to see the contents of this''' ° '''variable. Befoe you quit this exercise, try also to edit the functi ° Xon''' '''FOO and the operator OP.'',r' '''WARNING: If you''' 'do' ° *(1996 3 31 14 54 53 684) ° Ftestsi ÉFX 'testsi;LOOP;T' ° 'Σ Test pulldown options in the Signals pull down menu' ° '''A function such as LOOP can be used here to test the three options' ° '' ° '''of the Signals pull down menu. This function does not work well unl ° ess''' ° '''you place a check mark on "Scroll" line of the OPTONS pull down men ° u.''' ° '''(Be sure THERE IS A CHECK on the SCROLL line of the OPTIONS menu be ° fore''' '''you proceed with this exercise!)''' ° 'T╜ÉFX ''LOOP'' ''É╜''''DELAY='''',ÉDL 1'' ''╕1''' 'showfn ''LOOP''' ° 'do' ° '''When you enter LOOP, a message will appear on the screen every''' ° '''second. By pressing PAUSE this activity will stop. To continue, you ° ''' ° '''have to press either BREAK or INTERRUPT, followed by ╕ÉLC. The mess ° age''' '''will continue appearing every second or so.''' ° '''After pressing BREAK, the prompt moves to a new line. Enter ÉLC to' ° '' ° '''see where in the execution stack you are. Now enter ╕ÉLC again to'' ° ' ° '''continue execution of the loop. Then select the INTERRUPT option''' ° '''from the menu. This will cause an INTERRUP message to be displayed' ° '' ° '''on the screen. To exit the loop enter ╕0 after a BREAK or INTERRUPT ° ''' '''Now, enter: LOOP'',r' 'æ╜'' '' ╪ »æ' ° '''In summary, PAUSE will just halt the execution. BREAK will interrup ° t''' ° '''and place the prompt on a new line waiting for an keyboard entry.'' ° ' '''BREAK will simulate an error by displaying an error message.''' ° X 'do' ° XCuc 1 26 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ° *(1996 3 29 15 48 20 524) ° Fwelcome ÉFX 'welcome' 'Σ Introduction to APL2OS2 tutorials' ° '''Welcome to the APL2OS2 tutorial. If you are not acquainted with APL ° ,''' ° '''you should begin with the workspace TEACH1. If you already know APL ° ''' ° '''and if you use APL2/PC, the workspaces named TEACH23 trough TEACH40 ° ''' ° '''have tutorials on the auxilliary processors supported by that versi ° on''' ° '''of APL2. This lesson is first of the series explaining APL2OS2.'',r ° ' '''The objective of this and subsequent lessons is to provide an''' ° '''interactive environment for learning and testing of those features' ° '' ° '''of APL2OS2 that are unique to this product. Although most if not al ° l''' ° '''of the information is available on-line, it is not in a form that'' ° ' ° '''can be tested at the same time as one reads the text. To be sure,'' ° ' ° '''the documentation is displayed in a separate window, so that it can ° ''' ° '''be moved, minimized and manipulated. If you feel that the IBM on li ° ne''' ° '''documentation is adequate, you may wish to exit from this workspace ° ,''' ° '''and ignore these tutorials. Nevertheless, you might try to read on, ° ''' '''and possibly find this approach useful.'',r' ° '''NOTE: Whenever there is a pause, you are expected to:''' ° ''' a) read the text'',r,'' b) follow the instructions (if any)''' ° ''' c) press Enter to continue the lesson'',r' ° '''As the lesson proceeds, you may on occasion scroll back to see any' ° '' ° '''discussion or explanation that may no longer be visible. If this''' ° '''is not adequate, you may also enter "help" (in l.c. and no quotes)' ° X'' '''for another way to use this tutorial.''' °