home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
OS/2 Shareware BBS: 10 Tools
/
10-Tools.zip
/
octa21fs.zip
/
octave
/
readline
/
doc
/
readline.i02
(
.txt
)
< prev
next >
Wrap
GNU Info File
|
2000-01-15
|
45KB
|
1,038 lines
This is Info file readline.info, produced by Makeinfo-1.64 from the
input file rlman.tex.
This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility which
aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that
need to provide a command line interface.
Copyright (C) 1988, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice pare
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
translation approved by the Foundation.
File: readline, Node: Readline Convenience Functions, Next: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Variables, Up: Programming with GNU Readline
Readline Convenience Functions
==============================
* Menu:
* Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name.
* Keymaps:: Making keymaps.
* Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps.
* Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to
key sequences.
* Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable.
* Redisplay:: Functions to control line display.
* Modifying Text:: Functions to modify `rl_line_buffer'.
* Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks.
* Alternate Interface:: Using Readline in a `callback' fashion.
File: readline, Node: Function Naming, Next: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Naming a Function
-----------------
The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using
Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive
name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to
the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
This binds the keystroke Meta-Rubout to the function *descriptively*
named `backward-kill-word'. You, as the programmer, should bind the
functions you write to descriptive names as well. Readline provides a
function for doing that:
- Function: int rl_add_defun (char *name, Function *function, int key)
Add NAME to the list of named functions. Make FUNCTION be the
function that gets called. If KEY is not -1, then bind it to
FUNCTION using `rl_bind_key ()'.
Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications. It is
the recommended way to add a few functions to the default functions that
Readline has built in. If you need to do something other than adding a
function to Readline, you may need to use the underlying functions
described below.
File: readline, Node: Keymaps, Next: Binding Keys, Prev: Function Naming, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Selecting a Keymap
------------------
Key bindings take place on a "keymap". The keymap is the
association between the keys that the user types and the functions that
get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell
Readline which keymap to use.
- Function: Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap ()
Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is
allocated with `malloc ()'; you should `free ()' it when you are
done.
- Function: Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map)
Return a new keymap which is a copy of MAP.
- Function: Keymap rl_make_keymap ()
Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to
rl_insert, the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their
equivalents, and the Meta digits bound to produce numeric
arguments.
- Function: void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap)
Free the storage associated with KEYMAP.
Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to
change which keymap is active.
- Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap ()
Returns the currently active keymap.
- Function: void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap)
Makes KEYMAP the currently active keymap.
- Function: Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (char *name)
Return the keymap matching NAME. NAME is one which would be
supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init
File::.).
- Function: char * rl_get_keymap_name (Keymap keymap)
Return the name matching KEYMAP. NAME is one which would be
supplied in a `set keymap' inputrc line (*note Readline Init
File::.).
File: readline, Node: Binding Keys, Next: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Prev: Keymaps, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Binding Keys
------------
You associate keys with functions through the keymap. Readline has
several internal keymaps: `emacs_standard_keymap', `emacs_meta_keymap',
`emacs_ctlx_keymap', `vi_movement_keymap', and `vi_insertion_keymap'.
`emacs_standard_keymap' is the default, and the examples in this manual
assume that.
These functions manage key bindings.
- Function: int rl_bind_key (int key, Function *function)
Binds KEY to FUNCTION in the currently active keymap. Returns
non-zero in the case of an invalid KEY.
- Function: int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, Function *function,
Keymap map)
Bind KEY to FUNCTION in MAP. Returns non-zero in the case of an
invalid KEY.
- Function: int rl_unbind_key (int key)
Bind KEY to the null function in the currently active keymap.
Returns non-zero in case of error.
- Function: int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map)
Bind KEY to the null function in MAP. Returns non-zero in case of
error.
- Function: int rl_generic_bind (int type, char *keyseq, char *data,
Keymap map)
Bind the key sequence represented by the string KEYSEQ to the
arbitrary pointer DATA. TYPE says what kind of data is pointed to
by DATA; this can be a function (`ISFUNC'), a macro (`ISMACR'), or
a keymap (`ISKMAP'). This makes new keymaps as necessary. The
initial keymap in which to do bindings is MAP.
- Function: int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line)
Parse LINE as if it had been read from the `inputrc' file and
perform any key bindings and variable assignments found (*note
Readline Init File::.).
- Function: int rl_read_init_file (char *filename)
Read keybindings and variable assignments from FILENAME (*note
Readline Init File::.).
File: readline, Node: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Next: Allowing Undoing, Prev: Binding Keys, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Associating Function Names and Bindings
---------------------------------------
These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named
functions and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence.
- Function: Function * rl_named_function (char *name)
Return the function with name NAME.
- Function: Function * rl_function_of_keyseq (char *keyseq, Keymap
map, int *type)
Return the function invoked by KEYSEQ in keymap MAP. If MAP is
NULL, the current keymap is used. If TYPE is not NULL, the type
of the object is returned in it (one of `ISFUNC', `ISKMAP', or
`ISMACR').
- Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs (Function *function)
Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to
invoke FUNCTION in the current keymap.
- Function: char ** rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (Function *function,
Keymap map)
Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to
invoke FUNCTION in the keymap MAP.
- Function: void rl_function_dumper (int readable)
Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently
bound to them to `rl_outstream'. If READABLE is non-zero, the
list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
`inputrc' file and re-read.
- Function: void rl_list_funmap_names ()
Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to
`rl_outstream'.
File: readline, Node: Allowing Undoing, Next: Redisplay, Prev: Associating Function Names and Bindings, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Allowing Undoing
----------------
Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your
functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try something if
you know you can undo it. I could use an undo function for the stock
market.
If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and
uses `rl_insert_text ()' or `rl_delete_text ()' to do it, then undoing
is already done for you automatically.
If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any
combination of these operations, you should group them together into
one operation. This is done with `rl_begin_undo_group ()' and
`rl_end_undo_group ()'.
The types of events that can be undone are:
enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END };
Notice that `UNDO_DELETE' means to insert some text, and
`UNDO_INSERT' means to delete some text. That is, the undo code tells
undo what to undo, not how to undo it. `UNDO_BEGIN' and `UNDO_END' are
tags added by `rl_begin_undo_group ()' and `rl_end_undo_group ()'.
- Function: int rl_begin_undo_group ()
Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo
information usually comes from calls to `rl_insert_text ()' and
`rl_delete_text ()', but could be the result of calls to
`rl_add_undo ()'.
- Function: int rl_end_undo_group ()
Closes the current undo group started with `rl_begin_undo_group
()'. There should be one call to `rl_end_undo_group ()' for each
call to `rl_begin_undo_group ()'.
- Function: void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end,
char *text)
Remember how to undo an event (according to WHAT). The affected
text runs from START to END, and encompasses TEXT.
- Function: void free_undo_list ()
Free the existing undo list.
- Function: int rl_do_undo ()
Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns `0' if there was
nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone.
Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify
the existing text (e.g., change its case), call `rl_modifying ()' once,
just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of the
text range that you are going to modify.
- Function: int rl_modifying (int start, int end)
Tell Readline to save the text between START and END as a single
undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify that
text.
File: readline, Node: Redisplay, Next: Modifying Text, Prev: Allowing Undoing, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Redisplay
---------
- Function: void rl_redisplay ()
Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current
contents of `rl_line_buffer'.
- Function: int rl_forced_update_display ()
Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not
Readline thinks the screen display is correct.
- Function: int rl_on_new_line ()
Tell the update routines that we have moved onto a new (empty)
line, usually after ouputting a newline.
- Function: int rl_reset_line_state ()
Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current
line starting on a new line.
- Function: int rl_message (va_alist)
The arguments are a string as would be supplied to `printf'. The
resulting string is displayed in the "echo area". The echo area
is also used to display numeric arguments and search strings.
- Function: int rl_clear_message ()
Clear the message in the echo area.
File: readline, Node: Modifying Text, Next: Utility Functions, Prev: Redisplay, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Modifying Text
--------------
- Function: int rl_insert_text (char *text)
Insert TEXT into the line at the current cursor position.
- Function: int rl_delete_text (int start, int end)
Delete the text between START and END in the current line.
- Function: char * rl_copy_text (int start, int end)
Return a copy of the text between START and END in the current
line.
- Function: int rl_kill_text (int start, int end)
Copy the text between START and END in the current line to the
kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the last
command was a kill command. The text is deleted. If START is
less than END, the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the
last command was not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used.
File: readline, Node: Utility Functions, Next: Alternate Interface, Prev: Modifying Text, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Utility Functions
-----------------
- Function: int rl_read_key ()
Return the next character available. This handles input inserted
into the input stream via PENDING INPUT (*note Readline
Variables::.) and `rl_stuff_char ()', macros, and characters read
from the keyboard.
- Function: int rl_getc (FILE *)
Return the next character available from the keyboard.
- Function: int rl_stuff_char (int c)
Insert C into the Readline input stream. It will be "read" before
Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with
`rl_read_key ()'.
- Function: rl_extend_line_buffer (int len)
Ensure that `rl_line_buffer' has enough space to hold LEN
characters, possibly reallocating it if necessary.
- Function: int rl_initialize ()
Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state.
- Function: int rl_reset_terminal (char *terminal_name)
Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using
TERMINAL_NAME as the terminal type (e.g., `vt100').
- Function: int alphabetic (int c)
Return 1 if C is an alphabetic character.
- Function: int numeric (int c)
Return 1 if C is a numeric character.
- Function: int ding ()
Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of `bell-style'.
The following are implemented as macros, defined in `chartypes.h'.
- Function: int uppercase_p (int c)
Return 1 if C is an uppercase alphabetic character.
- Function: int lowercase_p (int c)
Return 1 if C is a lowercase alphabetic character.
- Function: int digit_p (int c)
Return 1 if C is a numeric character.
- Function: int to_upper (int c)
If C is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding
uppercase character.
- Function: int to_lower (int c)
If C is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding
lowercase character.
- Function: int digit_value (int c)
If C is a number, return the value it represents.
File: readline, Node: Alternate Interface, Prev: Utility Functions, Up: Readline Convenience Functions
Alternate Interface
-------------------
An alternate interface is available to plain `readline()'. Some
applications need to interleave keyboard I/O with file, device, or
window system I/O, typically by using a main loop to `select()' on
various file descriptors. To accomodate this need, readline can also
be invoked as a `callback' function from an event loop. There are
functions available to make this easy.
- Function: void rl_callback_handler_install (char *prompt, Vfunction
*lhandler)
Set up the terminal for readline I/O and display the initial
expanded value of PROMPT. Save the value of LHANDLER to use as a
callback when a complete line of input has been entered.
- Function: void rl_callback_read_char ()
Whenever an application determines that keyboard input is
available, it should call `rl_callback_read_char()', which will
read the next character from the current input source. If that
character completes the line, `rl_callback_read_char' will invoke
the LHANDLER function saved by `rl_callback_handler_install' to
process the line. `EOF' is indicated by calling LHANDLER with a
`NULL' line.
- Function: void rl_callback_handler_remove ()
Restore the terminal to its initial state and remove the line
handler. This may be called from within a callback as well as
independently.
An Example
----------
Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their
uppercase equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If this
function was bound to `M-c', then typing `M-c' would change the case of
the character under point. Typing `M-1 0 M-c' would change the case of
the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on the last character
changed.
/* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */
int
invert_case_line (count, key)
int count, key;
{
register int start, end, i;
start = rl_point;
if (rl_point >= rl_end)
return (0);
if (count < 0)
{
direction = -1;
count = -count;
}
else
direction = 1;
/* Find the end of the range to modify. */
end = start + (count * direction);
/* Force it to be within range. */
if (end > rl_end)
end = rl_end;
else if (end < 0)
end = 0;
if (start == end)
return (0);
if (start > end)
{
int temp = start;
start = end;
end = temp;
}
/* Tell readline that we are modifying the line, so it will save
the undo information. */
rl_modifying (start, end);
for (i = start; i != end; i++)
{
if (uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i]))
rl_line_buffer[i] = to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]);
else if (lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i]))
rl_line_buffer[i] = to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]);
}
/* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */
rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start;
return (0);
}
File: readline, Node: Custom Completers, Prev: Readline Convenience Functions, Up: Programming with GNU Readline
Custom Completers
=================
Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of
disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then
it can provide completion for commands, data, or both. The following
sections describe how your program and Readline cooperate to provide
this service.
* Menu:
* How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion.
* Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline.
* Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion.
* A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines.
File: readline, Node: How Completing Works, Next: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers
How Completing Works
--------------------
In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions
must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately expand a
partial word without knowing all of the possible words which make sense
in that context. The Readline library provides the user interface to
completion, and two of the most common completion functions: filename
and username. For completing other types of text, you must write your
own completion function. This section describes exactly what such
functions must do, and provides an example.
There are three major functions used to perform completion:
1. The user-interface function `rl_complete ()'. This function is
called with the same arguments as other Readline functions
intended for interactive use: COUNT and INVOKING_KEY. It
isolates the word to be completed and calls `completion_matches
()' to generate a list of possible completions. It then either
lists the possible completions, inserts the possible completions,
or actually performs the completion, depending on which behavior
is desired.
2. The internal function `completion_matches ()' uses your
"generator" function to generate the list of possible matches, and
then returns the array of these matches. You should place the
address of your generator function in
`rl_completion_entry_function'.
3. The generator function is called repeatedly from
`completion_matches ()', returning a string each time. The
arguments to the generator function are TEXT and STATE. TEXT is
the partial word to be completed. STATE is zero the first time
the function is called, allowing the generator to perform any
necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for each
subsequent call. When the generator function returns `(char
*)NULL' this signals `completion_matches ()' that there are no
more possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes
the list of possible completions when STATE is zero, and returns
them one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator
function returns as a match must be allocated with `malloc()';
Readline frees the strings when it has finished with them.
- Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key)
Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the
function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm
(see `completion_matches ()'). The default is to do filename
completion.
- Variable: Function * rl_completion_entry_function
This is a pointer to the generator function for `completion_matches
()'. If the value of `rl_completion_entry_function' is `(Function
*)NULL' then the default filename generator function,
`filename_completion_function ()', is used.
File: readline, Node: Completion Functions, Next: Completion Variables, Prev: How Completing Works, Up: Custom Completers
Completion Functions
--------------------
Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in
Readline.
- Function: int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do)
Complete the word at or before point. WHAT_TO_DO says what to do
with the completion. A value of `?' means list the possible
completions. `TAB' means do standard completion. `*' means
insert all of the possible completions. `!' means to display all
of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as
performing partial completion.
- Function: int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key)
Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the
function that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm
(see `completion_matches ()' and `rl_completion_entry_function').
The default is to do filename completion. This calls
`rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument depending on
INVOKING_KEY.
- Function: int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key))
List the possible completions. See description of `rl_complete
()'. This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument of `?'.
- Function: int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key))
Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the
partially-completed word. See description of `rl_complete ()'.
This calls `rl_complete_internal ()' with an argument of `*'.
- Function: char ** completion_matches (char *text, CPFunction
*entry_func)
Returns an array of `(char *)' which is a list of completions for
TEXT. If there are no completions, returns `(char **)NULL'. The
first entry in the returned array is the substitution for TEXT.
The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is
terminated with a `NULL' pointer.
ENTRY_FUNC is a function of two args, and returns a `(char *)'.
The first argument is TEXT. The second is a state argument; it is
zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent calls.
ENTRY_FUNC returns a `NULL' pointer to the caller when there are
no more matches.
- Function: char * filename_completion_function (char *text, int state)
A generator function for filename completion in the general case.
Note that completion in Bash is a little different because of all
the pathnames that must be followed when looking up completions
for a command. The Bash source is a useful reference for writing
custom completion functions.
- Function: char * username_completion_function (char *text, int state)
A completion generator for usernames. TEXT contains a partial
username preceded by a random character (usually `~'). As with all
completion generators, STATE is zero on the first call and non-zero
for subsequent calls.
File: readline, Node: Completion Variables, Next: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Functions, Up: Custom Completers
Completion Variables
--------------------
- Variable: Function * rl_completion_entry_function
A pointer to the generator function for `completion_matches ()'.
`NULL' means to use `filename_entry_function ()', the default
filename completer.
- Variable: CPPFunction * rl_attempted_completion_function
A pointer to an alternative function to create matches. The
function is called with TEXT, START, and END. START and END are
indices in `rl_line_buffer' saying what the boundaries of TEXT
are. If this function exists and returns `NULL', or if this
variable is set to `NULL', then `rl_complete ()' will call the
value of `rl_completion_entry_function' to generate matches,
otherwise the array of strings returned will be used.
- Variable: CPFunction * rl_filename_quoting_function
A pointer to a function that will quote a filename in an
application- specific fashion. This is called if filename
completion is being attempted and one of the characters in
`rl_filename_quote_characters' appears in a completed filename.
The function is called with TEXT, MATCH_TYPE, and QUOTE_POINTER.
The TEXT is the filename to be quoted. The MATCH_TYPE is either
`SINGLE_MATCH', if there is only one completion match, or
`MULT_MATCH'. Some functions use this to decide whether or not to
insert a closing quote character. The QUOTE_POINTER is a pointer
to any opening quote character the user typed. Some functions
choose to reset this character.
- Variable: CPFunction * rl_filename_dequoting_function
A pointer to a function that will remove application-specific
quoting characters from a filename before completion is attempted,
so those characters do not interfere with matching the text
against names in the filesystem. It is called with TEXT, the text
of the word to be dequoted, and QUOTE_CHAR, which is the quoting
character that delimits the filename (usually `'' or `"'). If
QUOTE_CHAR is zero, the filename was not in an embedded string.
- Variable: Function * rl_char_is_quoted_p
A pointer to a function to call that determines whether or not a
specific character in the line buffer is quoted, according to
whatever quoting mechanism the program calling readline uses. The
function is called with two arguments: TEXT, the text of the line,
and INDEX, the index of the character in the line. It is used to
decide whether a character found in
`rl_completer_word_break_characters' should be used to break words
for the completer.
- Variable: int rl_completion_query_items
Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a
possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she is
sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100.
- Variable: char * rl_basic_word_break_characters
The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for
the completer routine. The default value of this variable is the
characters which break words for completion in Bash, i.e., `"
\t\n\"\\'`@$><=;|&{("'.
- Variable: char * rl_basic_quote_characters
List of quote characters which can cause a word break.
- Variable: char * rl_completer_word_break_characters
The list of characters that signal a break between words for
`rl_complete_internal ()'. The default list is the value of
`rl_basic_word_break_characters'.
- Variable: char * rl_completer_quote_characters
List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the
line. Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the
substring `rl_completer_word_break_characters' are treated as any
other character, unless they also appear within this list.
- Variable: char * rl_filename_quote_characters
A list of characters that cause a filename to be quoted by the
completer when they appear in a completed filename. The default
is empty.
- Variable: char * rl_special_prefixes
The list of characters that are word break characters, but should
be left in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function.
Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to
do. For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@" so that it can
complete shell variables and hostnames.
- Variable: int rl_completion_append_character
When a single completion alternative matches at the end of the
command line, this character is appended to the inserted
completion text. The default is a space character (` '). Setting
this to the null character (`\0') prevents anything being appended
automatically. This can be changed in custom completion functions
to provide the "most sensible word separator character" according
to an application-specific command line syntax specification.
- Variable: int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates
If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. Default is
1.
- Variable: int rl_filename_completion_desired
Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as
filenames. This is *always* zero on entry, and can only be changed
within a completion entry generator function. If it is set to a
non-zero value, directory names have a slash appended and Readline
attempts to quote completed filenames if they contain any embedded
word break characters.
- Variable: int rl_filename_quoting_desired
Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted
using double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism)
if the completed filename contains any characters in
`rl_filename_quote_chars'. This is *always* non-zero on entry,
and can only be changed within a completion entry generator
function. The quoting is effected via a call to the function
pointed to by `rl_filename_quoting_function'.
- Variable: int rl_inhibit_completion
If this variable is non-zero, completion is inhibit<ed. The
completion character will be inserted as any other bound to
`self-insert'.
- Variable: Function * rl_ignore_some_completions_function
This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real
filename completion is done, after all the matching names have
been generated. It is passed a `NULL' terminated array of matches.
The first element (`matches[0]') is the maximal substring common
to all matches. This function can re-arrange the list of matches
as required, but each element deleted from the array must be freed.
- Variable: Function * rl_directory_completion_hook
This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory
portion of filenames Readline completes. It is called with the
address of a string (the current directory name) as an argument.
It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in
pathnames.
File: readline, Node: A Short Completion Example, Prev: Completion Variables, Up: Custom Completers
A Short Completion Example
--------------------------
Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline
library. It is called `fileman', and the source code resides in
`examples/fileman.c'. This sample application provides completion of
command names, line editing features, and access to the history list.
/* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the
GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users
to manipulate files and their modes. */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
#include <readline/history.h>
extern char *getwd ();
extern char *xmalloc ();
/* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */
int com_list (), com_view (), com_rename (), com_stat (), com_pwd ();
int com_delete (), com_help (), com_cd (), com_quit ();
/* A structure which contains information on the commands this program
can understand. */
typedef struct {
char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */
Function *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */
char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */
} COMMAND;
COMMAND commands[] = {
{ "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" },
{ "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" },
{ "help", com_help, "Display this text" },
{ "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" },
{ "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" },
{ "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" },
{ "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" },
{ "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" },
{ "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" },
{ "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" },
{ "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" },
{ (char *)NULL, (Function *)NULL, (char *)NULL }
};
/* Forward declarations. */
char *stripwhite ();
COMMAND *find_command ();
/* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */
char *progname;
/* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */
int done;
char *
dupstr (s)
int s;
{
char *r;
r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1);
strcpy (r, s);
return (r);
}
main (argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
char *line, *s;
progname = argv[0];
initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */
/* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */
for ( ; done == 0; )
{
line = readline ("FileMan: ");
if (!line)
break;
/* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line.
Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list
and execute it. */
s = stripwhite (line);
if (*s)
{
add_history (s);
execute_line (s);
}
free (line);
}
exit (0);
}
/* Execute a command line. */
int
execute_line (line)
char *line;
{
register int i;
COMMAND *command;
char *word;
/* Isolate the command word. */
i = 0;
while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i]))
i++;
word = line + i;
while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i]))
i++;
if (line[i])
line[i++] = '\0';
command = find_command (word);
if (!command)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word);
return (-1);
}
/* Get argument to command, if any. */
while (whitespace (line[i]))
i++;
word = line + i;
/* Call the function. */
return ((*(command->func)) (word));
}
/* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that
command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */
COMMAND *
find_command (name)
char *name;
{
register int i;
for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++)
if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0)
return (&commands[i]);
return ((COMMAND *)NULL);
}
/* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer
into STRING. */
char *
stripwhite (string)
char *string;
{
register char *s, *t;
for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++)
;
if (*s == 0)
return (s);
t = s + strlen (s) - 1;
while (t > s && whitespace (*t))
t--;
*++t = '\0';
return s;
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* Interface to Readline Completion */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
char *command_generator ();
char **fileman_completion ();
/* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete
on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames
if not. */
initialize_readline ()
{
/* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */
rl_readline_name = "FileMan";
/* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */
rl_attempted_completion_function = (CPPFunction *)fileman_completion;
}
/* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END bound the
region of rl_line_buffer that contains the word to complete. TEXT is
the word to complete. We can use the entire contents of rl_line_buffer
in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches,
or NULL if there aren't any. */
char **
fileman_completion (text, start, end)
char *text;
int start, end;
{
char **matches;
matches = (char **)NULL;
/* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command
to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current
directory. */
if (start == 0)
matches = completion_matches (text, command_generator);
return (matches);
}
/* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether
to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we
start at the top of the list. */
char *
command_generator (text, state)
char *text;
int state;
{
static int list_index, len;
char *name;
/* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes
saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index
variable to 0. */
if (!state)
{
list_index = 0;
len = strlen (text);
}
/* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */
while (name = commands[list_index].name)
{
list_index++;
if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0)
return (dupstr(name));
}
/* If no names matched, then return NULL. */
return ((char *)NULL);
}
/* **************************************************************** */
/* */
/* FileMan Commands */
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
/* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME
commands. */
static char syscom[1024];
/* List the file(s) named in arg. */
com_list (arg)
char *arg;
{
if (!arg)
arg = "";
sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg);
return (system (syscom));
}
com_view (arg)
char *arg;
{
if (!valid_argument ("view", arg))
return 1;
sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg);
return (system (syscom));
}
com_rename (arg)
char *arg;
{
too_dangerous ("rename");
return (1);
}
com_stat (arg)
char *arg;
{
struct stat finfo;
if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg))
return (1);
if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1)
{
perror (arg);
return (1);
}
printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg);
printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n", arg,
finfo.st_nlink,
(finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s",
finfo.st_size,
(finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s");
printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime));
printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime));
printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime));
return (0);
}
com_delete (arg)
char *arg;
{
too_dangerous ("delete");
return (1);
}
/* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is
not present. */
com_help (arg)
char *arg;
{
register int i;
int printed = 0;
for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++)
{
if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0))
{
printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc);
printed++;
}
}
if (!printed)
{
printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg);
for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++)
{
/* Print in six columns. */
if (printed == 6)
{
printed = 0;
printf ("\n");
}
printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name);
printed++;
}
if (printed)
printf ("\n");
}
return (0);
}
/* Change to the directory ARG. */
com_cd (arg)
char *arg;
{
if (chdir (arg) == -1)
{
perror (arg);
return 1;
}
com_pwd ("");
return (0);
}
/* Print out the current working directory. */
com_pwd (ignore)
char *ignore;
{
char dir[1024], *s;
s = getwd (dir);
if (s == 0)
{
printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir);
return 1;
}
printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir);
return 0;
}
/* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */
com_quit (arg)
char *arg;
{
done = 1;
return (0);
}
/* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */
too_dangerous (caller)
char *caller;
{
fprintf (stderr,
"%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n",
caller);
}
/* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print
an error message and return zero. */
int
valid_argument (caller, arg)
char *caller, *arg;
{
if (!arg || !*arg)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller);
return (0);
}
return (1);
}
File: readline, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Variable Index, Prev: Programming with GNU Readline, Up: Top
Concept Index
*************
* Menu:
* command editing: Readline Bare Essentials.
* editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials.
* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File.
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
* kill ring: Readline Killing Commands.
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
* notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials.
* readline, function: Basic Behavior.
* yanking text: Readline Killing Commands.