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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. Title page ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
GNU Octave
A high-level interactive language for numerical computations
Edition 3 for Octave version 2.1.23
February 1997
John W. Eaton
Copyright (C) 1996, 1997 John W. Eaton.
This is the third edition of the Octave documentation, and is consistent with
version 2.1.23 of Octave.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all
copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual
under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting
derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to
this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into
another language, under the same conditions as for modified versions.
Portions of this document have been adapted from the gawk, readline, gcc, and C
library manuals, published by the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple
Place---Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111--1307, USA.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Top ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This manual documents how to run, install and port GNU Octave, as well as its
new features and incompatibilities, and how to report bugs. It corresponds to
GNU Octave version 2.1.23.
Preface
Introduction A brief introduction to Octave.
Getting Started
Data Types
Numeric Data Types
Strings
Data Structures
Variables
Expressions Expressions.
Evaluation
Statements Looping and program flow control.
Functions and Scripts
Error Handling
Input and Output
Plotting
Matrix Manipulation
Arithmetic
Linear Algebra
Nonlinear Equations
Quadrature
Differential Equations
Optimization
Statistics
Sets
Polynomial Manipulations
Control Theory
Signal Processing
Image Processing
Audio Processing
System Utilities
Tips
Trouble If you have trouble installing Octave.
Installation How to configure, compile and install
Octave.
Emacs
Grammar
Copying The GNU General Public License.
Concept Index An item for each concept.
Variable Index An item for each documented variable.
Function Index An item for each documented function.
Operator Index An item for each documented operator.
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Preface
Acknowledgements
How You Can Contribute to Octave
Distribution
A Brief Introduction to Octave
Running Octave
Simple Examples
Conventions
Conventions
Fonts
Evaluation Notation
Printing Notation
Error Messages
Format of Descriptions
Format of Descriptions
A Sample Function Description
A Sample Command Description
A Sample Variable Description
Getting Started
Invoking Octave
Quitting Octave
Getting Help
Command Line Editing
Errors
Executable Octave Programs
Comments
Invoking Octave
Command Line Options
Startup Files
Command Line Editing
Cursor Motion
Killing and Yanking
Commands For Text
Commands For Completion
Commands For History
Customizing the Prompt
Diary and Echo Commands
Data Types
Built-in Data Types
User-defined Data Types
Object Sizes
Built-in Data Types
Numeric Objects
String Objects
Data Structure Objects
Numeric Data Types
Matrices
Ranges
Predicates for Numeric Objects
Matrices
Empty Matrices
Strings
Creating Strings
Searching and Replacing
String Conversions
Character Class Functions
Variables
Global Variables
Status of Variables
Summary of Built-in Variables
Defaults from the Environment
Expressions
Index Expressions
Calling Functions
Arithmetic Ops
Comparison Ops
Boolean Expressions
Assignment Ops
Increment Ops
Operator Precedence
Calling Functions
Call by Value
Recursion
Boolean Expressions
Element-by-element Boolean Operators
Short-circuit Boolean Operators
Statements
The if Statement
The switch Statement
The while Statement
The for Statement
The break Statement
The continue Statement
The unwind_protect Statement
The try Statement
Continuation Lines
The for Statement
Looping Over Structure Elements
Functions and Script Files
Defining Functions
Multiple Return Values
Variable-length Argument Lists
Variable-length Return Lists
Returning From a Function
Function Files
Script Files
Dynamically Linked Functions
Organization of Functions
Input and Output
Basic Input and Output
C-Style I/O Functions
Basic Input and Output
Terminal Output
Terminal Input
Simple File I/O
C-Style I/O Functions
Opening and Closing Files
Simple Output
Line-Oriented Input
Formatted Output
Output Conversion for Matrices
Output Conversion Syntax
Table of Output Conversions
Integer Conversions
Floating-Point Conversions Other Output Conversions::
Other Output Conversions
Formatted Input
Input Conversion Syntax
Table of Input Conversions
Numeric Input Conversions
String Input Conversions
Binary I/O
Temporary Files
EOF and Errors
File Positioning
Plotting
Two-Dimensional Plotting
Specialized Two-Dimensional Plots
Three-Dimensional Plotting
Plot Annotations
Multiple Plots on One Page
Matrix Manipulation
Finding Elements and Checking Conditions
Rearranging Matrices
Special Utility Matrices
Famous Matrices
Arithmetic
Utility Functions
Complex Arithmetic
Trigonometry
Sums and Products
Special Functions
Mathematical Constants
Linear Algebra
Basic Matrix Functions
Matrix Factorizations
Functions of a Matrix
Quadrature
Functions of One Variable
Orthogonal Collocation
Differential Equations
Ordinary Differential Equations
Differential-Algebraic Equations
Optimization
Quadratic Programming
Nonlinear Programming
Linear Least Squares
Control Theory
sysstruct
sysinterface
sysdisp
blockdiag
numerical
sysprop
systime
sysfreq
cacsd
misc
System Data Structure
sysstructvars
sysstructtf
sysstructzp
sysstructss
System Construction and Interface Functions
fir2sys
ss2sys
tf2sys
zp2sys
structaccess
structintern
System Utilities
Timing Utilities
Filesystem Utilities
Controlling Subprocesses
Process ID Information
Environment Variables
Current Working Directory
Password Database Functions
Group Database Functions
System Information
Tips and Standards
Style Tips Writing clean and robust programs.
Coding Tips Making code run faster.
Documentation Tips Writing readable documentation
strings.
Comment Tips Conventions for writing comments.
Function Headers Standard headers for functions.
Known Causes of Trouble with Octave
Actual Bugs Bugs we will fix later.
Reporting Bugs
Bug Criteria
Bug Lists
Bug Reporting
Sending Patches
Service
Reporting Bugs
Bug Criteria
* Where: Bug Lists. Where to send your bug report. * Reporting: Bug
Reporting. How to report a bug effectively. * Patches: Sending Patches.
How to send a patch for Octave.
Installing Octave
Installation Problems
Binary Distributions
Binary Distributions
Installing Octave from a Binary Distribution
Creating a Binary Distribution
Emacs Octave Support
Installing EOS
Using Octave Mode
Running Octave From Within Emacs
Using the Emacs Info Reader for Octave
Grammar
Keywords