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- ## Copyright (C) 1996,1998 Auburn University. All Rights Reserved.
- ##
- ## This file is part of Octave.
- ##
- ## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- ## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
- ## Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
- ## later version.
- ##
- ## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- ## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- ## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
- ## for more details.
- ##
- ## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- ## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
- ## Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
-
- ## -*- texinfo -*-
- ## @deftypefn {Function File } { @var{sys} =} ss2sys (@var{a},@var{b},@var{c}@{,@var{d}, @var{tsam}, @var{n}, @var{nz}, @var{stname}, @var{inname}, @var{outname}, @var{outlist}@})
- ## Create system structure from state-space data. May be continous,
- ## discrete, or mixed (sampeled-data)
- ##
- ## @strong{Inputs}
- ## @table @var
- ## @item a, b, c, d
- ## usual state space matrices.
- ##
- ## default: @var{d} = zero matrix
- ##
- ## @item tsam
- ## sampling rate. Default: @math{tsam = 0} (continuous system)
- ##
- ## @item n, nz
- ## number of continuous, discrete states in the system
- ##
- ## default:
- ## @table @var
- ## @item tsam = 0
- ## @math{n = @code{rows}(@var{a})}, @math{nz = 0}
- ##
- ## @item tsam > 0
- ## @math{ n = 0}, @math{nz = @code{rows}(@var{a})}
- ##
- ## see below for system partitioning
- ##
- ## @end table
- ##
- ## @item stname
- ## list of strings of state signal names
- ##
- ## default (@var{stname}=[] on input): @code{x_n} for continuous states,
- ## @code{xd_n} for discrete states
- ##
- ## @item inname
- ## list of strings of input signal names
- ##
- ## default (@var{inname} = [] on input): @code{u_n}
- ##
- ## @item outname
- ## list of strings of input signal names
- ##
- ## default (@var{outname} = [] on input): @code{y_n}
- ##
- ## @item outlist
- ##
- ## list of indices of outputs y that are sampled
- ##
- ## default:
- ## @table @var
- ## @item tsam = 0
- ## @math{outlist = []}
- ## @item tsam > 0
- ## @math{outlist = 1:@code{rows}(@var{c})}
- ## @end table
- ##
- ## Unlike states, discrete/continous outputs may appear in any order.
- ##
- ## @strong{Note} @code{sys2ss} returns a vector @var{yd} where
- ## @var{yd}(@var{outlist}) = 1; all other entries of @var{yd} are 0.
- ##
- ## @end table
- ##
- ## @strong{Outputs}
- ## @var{outsys} = system data structure
- ##
- ## @strong{System partitioning}
- ##
- ## Suppose for simplicity that outlist specified
- ## that the first several outputs were continuous and the remaining outputs
- ## were discrete. Then the system is partitioned as
- ## @example
- ## @group
- ## x = [ xc ] (n x 1)
- ## [ xd ] (nz x 1 discrete states)
- ## a = [ acc acd ] b = [ bc ]
- ## [ adc add ] [ bd ]
- ## c = [ ccc ccd ] d = [ dc ]
- ## [ cdc cdd ] [ dd ]
- ##
- ## (cdc = c(outlist,1:n), etc.)
- ## @end group
- ## @end example
- ## with dynamic equations:
- ## @ifinfo
- ## @math{ d/dt xc(t) = acc*xc(t) + acd*xd(k*tsam) + bc*u(t)}
- ##
- ## @math{ xd((k+1)*tsam) = adc*xc(k*tsam) + add*xd(k*tsam) + bd*u(k*tsam)}
- ##
- ## @math{ yc(t) = ccc*xc(t) + ccd*xd(k*tsam) + dc*u(t)}
- ##
- ## @math{ yd(k*tsam) = cdc*xc(k*tsam) + cdd*xd(k*tsam) + dd*u(k*tsam)}
- ## @end ifinfo
- ## @iftex
- ## @tex
- ## $$\eqalign{
- ## {d \over dt} x_c(t)
- ## & = a_{cc} x_c(t) + a_{cd} x_d(k*t_{sam}) + bc*u(t) \cr
- ## x_d((k+1)*t_{sam})
- ## & = a_{dc} x_c(k t_{sam}) + a_{dd} x_d(k t_{sam}) + b_d u(k t_{sam}) \cr
- ## y_c(t)
- ## & = c_{cc} x_c(t) + c_{cd} x_d(k t_{sam}) + d_c u(t) \cr
- ## y_d(k t_{sam})
- ## & = c_{dc} x_c(k t_{sam}) + c_{dd} x_d(k t_{sam}) + d_d u(k t_{sam})
- ## }$$
- ## @end tex
- ## @end iftex
- ##
- ## @strong{Signal partitions}
- ## @example
- ## @group
- ## | continuous | discrete |
- ## ----------------------------------------------------
- ## states | stname(1:n,:) | stname((n+1):(n+nz),:) |
- ## ----------------------------------------------------
- ## outputs | outname(cout,:) | outname(outlist,:) |
- ## ----------------------------------------------------
- ## @end group
- ## @end example
- ## where @math{cout} is the list of in 1:@code{rows}(@var{p})
- ## that are not contained in outlist. (Discrete/continuous outputs
- ## may be entered in any order desired by the user.)
- ##
- ## @strong{Example}
- ## @example
- ## octave:1> a = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 10];
- ## octave:2> b = [0 0 ; 0 1 ; 1 0];
- ## octave:3> c = eye(3);
- ## octave:4> sys = ss2sys(a,b,c,[],0,3,0,list("volts","amps","joules"));
- ## octave:5> sysout(sys);
- ## Input(s)
- ## 1: u_1
- ## 2: u_2
- ##
- ## Output(s):
- ## 1: y_1
- ## 2: y_2
- ## 3: y_3
- ##
- ## state-space form:
- ## 3 continuous states, 0 discrete states
- ## State(s):
- ## 1: volts
- ## 2: amps
- ## 3: joules
- ##
- ## A matrix: 3 x 3
- ## 1 2 3
- ## 4 5 6
- ## 7 8 10
- ## B matrix: 3 x 2
- ## 0 0
- ## 0 1
- ## 1 0
- ## C matrix: 3 x 3
- ## 1 0 0
- ## 0 1 0
- ## 0 0 1
- ## D matrix: 3 x 3
- ## 0 0
- ## 0 0
- ## 0 0
- ## @end example
- ## Notice that the @var{D} matrix is constructed by default to the
- ## correct dimensions. Default input and output signals names were assigned
- ## since none were given.
- ##
- ## @end deftypefn
-
- function retsys = ss2sys (a, b, c, d, tsam, n, nz, stname, inname, outname, outlist)
-
- ## Written by John Ingram (ingraje@eng.auburn.edu) July 20, 1996
-
- ## Test for correct number of inputs
- if ((nargin < 3) | (nargin > 11))
- usage("retsys = ss2sys (a,b,c{,d,tsam,n,nz,stname,inname,outname,outlist})");
- endif
-
- ## verify A, B, C, D arguments
- ## If D is not specified, set it to a zero matrix of appriate dimension.
- if (nargin == 3) d = zeros(rows(c) , columns(b));
- elseif (isempty(d)) d = zeros(rows(c) , columns(b)); endif
-
- ## Check the dimensions
- [na,m,p] = abcddim(a,b,c,d);
-
- ## If dimensions are wrong, exit function
- if (m == -1)
- error("a(%dx%d), b(%dx%d), c(%dx%d), d(%dx%d); incompatible", ...
- rows(a), columns(a), rows(b), columns(b), rows(c), columns(c), ...
- rows(d), columns(d));
- endif
-
- ## check for tsam input
- if(nargin < 5) tsam = 0;
- elseif( !( is_sample(tsam) | (tsam == 0) ) )
- error("tsam must be a nonnegative real scalar");
- endif
-
- ## check for continuous states
- if( (nargin < 6) & (tsam == 0) ) n = na;
- elseif(nargin < 6) n = 0;
- elseif((!is_matrix(n)) | isstr(n))
- error("Parameter n is not a numerical value.");
- elseif( (!is_scalar(n)) | (n < 0 ) | (n != round(n)) )
- if(is_scalar(n)) error("illegal value of n=%d,%e",n,n);
- else error("illegal value of n=(%dx%d)", ...
- rows(n), columns(n)); endif
- endif
-
- ## check for num discrete states
- if( (nargin < 7) & (tsam == 0)) nz = 0;
- elseif(nargin < 7) nz = na - n;
- elseif((!is_matrix(nz)) | isstr(nz))
- error("Parameter nz is not a numerical value.");
- elseif( (!is_scalar(nz)) | (nz < 0 ) | (nz != round(nz)) )
- if(is_scalar(nz))
- error(["illegal value of nz=",num2str(nz)]);
- else
- error(["illegal value of nz=(",num2str(rows(nz)),"x", ...
- num2str(columns(nz)),")"]);
- endif
- endif
-
- ## check for total number of states
- if( (n + nz) != na )
- error(["Illegal: a is ",num2str(na),"x",num2str(na),", n=", ...
- num2str(n),", nz=",num2str(nz)]);
- endif
-
- ## construct system with default names
- retsys.a = a;
- retsys.b = b;
- retsys.c = c;
- retsys.d = d;
-
- retsys.n = n;
- retsys.nz = nz;
- retsys.tsam = tsam;
- retsys.yd = zeros(1,p); # default value entered below
-
- ## Set the system vector: active = 2(ss), updated = [0 0 1];
- retsys.sys = [2, 0, 0, 1];
-
- retsys.stname = sysdefstname(n,nz);
- retsys.inname = sysdefioname(m,"u");
- retsys.outname = sysdefioname(p,"y");
-
- ## check for state names
- if(nargin >= 8)
- if(!isempty(stname)) retsys = syssetsignals(retsys,"st",stname); endif
- endif
-
- ## check for input names
- if(nargin >= 9)
- if(!isempty(inname)) retsys = syssetsignals(retsys,"in",inname); endif
- endif
-
- ## check for output names
- if(nargin >= 10)
- if(!isempty(outname)) retsys = syssetsignals(retsys,"out",outname); endif
- endif
-
- ## set up yd
- if(nargin < 11)
- retsys = syssetsignals(retsys,"yd",ones(1,p)*(tsam > 0));
- else
- if(!isempty(outlist))
- retsys = syssetsignals(retsys,"yd",ones(size(outlist)),outlist);
- endif
- endif
-
- endfunction
-