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analdemo.m
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## Copyright (C) 1996 Auburn University. All Rights Reserved
##
## This file is part of Octave.
##
## Octave is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
## Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
## later version.
##
## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
## for more details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with Octave; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
## Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
## -*- texinfo -*-
## @deftypefn {Function File } { } analdemo ( )
## Octave Controls toolbox demo: State Space analysis demo
## @end deftypefn
function analdemo ()
## Written by David Clem August 15, 1994
## Updated by John Ingram December 1996
while (1)
clc
k=0;
while(k > 8 || k < 1)
k = menu("Octave State Space Analysis Demo", ...
"System grammians (gram, dgram)", ...
"System zeros (tzero)", ...
"Continuous => Discrete and Discrete => Continuous conversions (c2d,d2c)", ...
"Algebraic Riccati Equation (are, dare)", ...
"Balanced realizations (balreal, dbalreal)", ...
"Open loop truncations via Hankel singular values (balreal, dbalreal)", ...
"SISO pole placement", ...
"Return to main demo menu");
endwhile
if (k == 1)
clc
help dgram
prompt
clc
disp("System Grammians: (see Moore, IEEE T-AC, 1981) \n");
disp("Example #1, consider the discrete time state space system:\n");
a=[1, 5, -8.4; 1.2, -3, 5; 1, 7, 9]
b=[1, 5; 2, 6; -4.4, 5]
c=[1, -1.5, 2; 6, -9.8, 1]
d=0
prompt
disp("\nThe discrete controllability grammian is computed as follows:");
cmd = "grammian = dgram(a, b);";
run_cmd;
disp("Results:\n");
grammian = dgram(a,b)
disp("Variable Description:\n");
disp("grammian => discrete controllability grammian");
disp("a, b => a and b matrices of discrete time system\n");
disp("A dual approach may be used to compute the observability grammian.");
prompt
clc
help gram
prompt
clc
disp("Example #2, consider the continuous state space system:\n");
a=[1, 3, -10.2; 3.7, -2, 9; n1, 3, 7]
b=[1, 12; 6, 2; -3.8, 7]
c=[1, -1.1, 7; 3, -9.8, 2]
d=0
prompt
disp("\nThe continuous controllability grammian is computed as follows:");
cmd = "grammian = gram(a, b);";
run_cmd;
disp("Results:\n");
grammian = gram(a,b)
disp("Variable Description:\n");
disp("grammian => continuous controllability grammian");
disp("a, b => a and b matrices of continuous time system\n");
disp("A dual approach may be used to compute the observability grammian.");
prompt
clc
elseif (k == 2)
clc
help tzero
prompt
disp("System zeros (tzero) example\n");
disp("Example #1, consider the state space system:\n");
a=[0, 1, 0; -10, -2, 0; -10, 0, -8]
b=[0; 1; 9]
c=[-10, 0, -4]
d=1
prompt
disp("\nTo compute the zeros of this system, enter the following command:\n");
cmd = "zer = tzero(a,b,c,d);";
run_cmd;
disp("Results:\n");
zer = tzero(a,b,c,d)
disp("Variable Description:\n");
disp("zer => zeros of state space system");
disp("a, b, c, d => state space system used as input argument");
prompt
clc
disp("Example #2, consider the state space system from example 1 again:");
cmd = "sys = ss2sys(a,b,c,d);";
disp(cmd);
eval(cmd);
sysout(sys);
disp("\nThe zeros of this system can also be calculated directly from the");
disp("system variable:");
cmd = "zer = tzero(sys);";
run_cmd;
disp("Results:\n")
zer = tzero(sys)
disp("Variable Description:\n");
disp("zer => zeros of state space system");
disp("sys => state space system used as input argument");
prompt
clc
elseif (k == 3)
clc
help c2d
prompt
clc
disp("Continuous => Discrete and Discrete => Continuous conversions (c2d,d2c)");
disp("\nExample #1, consider the following continuous state space system");
cmd = "sys_cont = ss2sys([-11, 6; -15, 8], [1; 2], [2, -1], 0);";
eval(cmd);
disp(cmd);
disp("Examine the poles and zeros of the continuous system:");
sysout(sys_cont,"all");
disp("\nTo convert this to a discrete system, a sampling time is needed:");
cmd = "Tsam = 0.5;";
run_cmd;
disp("\nNow convert to a discrete system with the command:");
cmd = "sys_disc = c2d(sys_cont,Tsam);";
run_cmd;
disp("Examine the poles and zeros of the discrete system:");
sysout(sys_disc,"all");
prompt
clc
disp("\nNow we will convert the discrete system back to a continuous system");
disp("using the d2c command:");
help d2c
prompt
cmd = "new_sys_cont = d2c(sys_disc);";
run_cmd;
disp("\nExamine the poles and zeros of the discrete system:");
sysout(new_sys_cont,"all");
prompt
elseif (k == 4)
clc
help are
prompt
clc
disp("Algebraic Riccati Equation (are, dare)");
disp("\nExample #1, consider the continuous state space system:\n");
a=[1, 3, -10.2; 3.7, -2, 9; 1, 3, 7]
b=[1, 12; 6, 2; -3.8, 7]
c=[1, -1.1, 7; 3, -9.8, 2]
d=0
prompt
disp("\nThe solution to the continuous algebraic riccati equation");
disp("is computed as follows:");
cmd = "x_cont = are(a, b, c);";
run_cmd;
disp("Results:\n")
x_cont = are(a,b,c)
disp("Variable Description:\n")
disp("x_cont => solution to the continuous algebraic riccati equation");
disp("a, b, c => a, b, and c matrices of continuous time system\n");
prompt
clc
help dare
prompt
clc
disp("Example #2, consider the discrete time state space system:\n");
a=[1, 5, -8.4; 1.2, -3, 5; 1, 7, 9]
b=[1, 5; 2, 6; -4.4, 5]
c=[1, -1.5, 2; 6, -9.8, 1]
d=0
r=eye(columns(b))
prompt
disp("\nThe solution to the continuous algebraic riccati equation");
disp("is computed as follows:");
cmd = "x_disc = dare(a, b, c, r);";
run_cmd;
disp("Results:\n")
x_disc = dare(a,b,c,r)
disp("Variable Description:\n");
disp("x_disc => solution to the discrete algebraic riccati equation");
disp("a, b, c => a, b and c matrices of discrete time system\n");
prompt
clc
elseif (k == 5)
disp("--- Balanced realization: not yet implemented")
elseif (k == 6)
disp("--- Open loop balanced truncation: not yet implemented")
elseif (k == 7)
disp("SISO pole placement example:")
cmd = "sys=tf2sys(1, [1, -2, 1]);";
run_cmd
disp("System in zero-pole form is:")
cmd = "sysout(sys,\"zp\");";
run_cmd
disp("and in state space form:")
cmd = "sysout(sys,\"ss\");";
run_cmd
disp("Desired poles at -1, -1");
cmd = "K=place(sys, [-1, -1])";
run_cmd
disp("Check results:")
cmd = "[A,B] = sys2ss(sys);";
run_cmd
cmd = "poles=eig(A-B*K)";
run_cmd
prompt
elseif (k == 8)
return
endif
endwhile
endfunction