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arch_fit.m
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1997-02-19
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## Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997 Kurt Hornik
##
## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
## any later version.
##
## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
## General Public License for more details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with this file. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
## 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
## usage: [a, b] = arch_fit (y, X, p [, ITER [, gamma [, a0, b0]]])
##
## Fits an ARCH regression model to the time series y using the scoring
## algorithm in Engle's original ARCH paper. The model is
## y(t) = b(1) * x(t,1) + ... + b(k) * x(t,k) + e(t),
## h(t) = a(1) + a(2) * e(t-1)^2 + ... + a(p+1) * e(t-p)^2,
## where e(t) is N(0, h(t)), given y up to time t-1 and X up to t.
##
## If invoked as arch_fit (y, k, p) with a positive integer k, fit an
## ARCH(k,p) process, i.e., do the above with the t-th row of X given by
## [1, y(t-1), ..., y(t-k)].
##
## Optionally, one can specify the number of iterations ITER, the
## updating factor gamma, and initial values a0 and b0 for the scoring
## algorithm.
##
## The input parameters are:
## y ... time series (vector)
## X ... matrix of (ordinary) regressors or order of
## autoregression
## p ... order of the regression of the residual variance
## Author: KH <Kurt.Hornik@ci.tuwien.ac.at>
## Description: Fit an ARCH regression model
function [a, b] = arch_fit (y, X, p, ITER, gamma, a0, b0)
if ((nargin < 3) || (nargin == 6) || (nargin > 7))
usage ("arch_fit (y, X, p [, ITER [, gamma [, a0, b0]]])");
endif
if !(is_vector (y))
error ("arch_test: y must be a vector");
endif
T = length (y);
y = reshape (y, T, 1);
[rx, cx] = size (X);
if ((rx == 1) && (cx == 1))
X = autoreg_matrix (y, X);
elseif !(rx == T)
error (["arch_test: ", ...
"either rows (X) == length (y), or X is a scalar"]);
endif
[T, k] = size (X);
if (nargin == 7)
a = a0;
b = b0;
e = y - X * b;
else
[b, v_b, e] = ols (y, X);
a = [v_b, zeros (1,p)]';
if (nargin < 5)
gamma = 0.1;
if (nargin < 4)
ITER = 50;
endif
endif
endif
esq = e.^2;
Z = autoreg_matrix (esq, p);
for i = 1 : ITER;
h = Z * a;
tmp = esq ./ h.^2 - 1 ./ h;
s = 1 ./ h(1:T-p);
for j = 1 : p;
s = s - a(j+1) * tmp(j+1:T-p+j);
endfor
r = 1 ./ h(1:T-p);
for j=1:p;
r = r + 2 * h(j+1:T-p+j).^2 .* esq(1:T-p);
endfor
r = sqrt (r);
X_tilde = X(1:T-p, :) .* (r * ones (1,k));
e_tilde = e(1:T-p) .*s ./ r;
delta_b = inv (X_tilde' * X_tilde) * X_tilde' * e_tilde;
b = b + gamma * delta_b;
e = y - X * b;
esq = e .^ 2;
Z = autoreg_matrix (esq, p);
h = Z * a;
f = esq ./ h - ones(T,1);
Z_tilde = Z ./ (h * ones (1, p+1));
delta_a = inv (Z_tilde' * Z_tilde) * Z_tilde' * f;
a = a + gamma * delta_a;
endfor
endfunction