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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1. About This Book ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The MPTS Sockets Programming Reference describes the Sockets application
programming interface in an Multi-Protocol Transport Services (MPTS)
Environment for Operating System/2 Software for the Internet (TCP/IP), local
interprocess communication (Local IPC), and the NETBIOS communication domains.
This interface allows you to write distributed or client/server applications in
supported communication domains for programs to communicate across networks.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1.1. Who Should Use This Book ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This book is for application programmers who want to write socket applications
to work with MPTS. You should also be familiar with the OS/2 operating system
and know multitasking operating system concepts.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1.2. How This Book Is Organized ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This book contains the following topics:
Sockets General Programming Information provides an introduction to MPTS
and describes general concepts for writing socket applications.
Sockets in the Internet Domain provides specific information for the use
of sockets in the internet communication domain.
Sockets over Local IPC provides specific information for the use of
sockets using local interprocess communication.
Sockets over NetBIOS provides specific information for the use of sockets
in the NetBIOS communication domain.
Protocol-Independent C Sockets API provides descriptions and programming
details for the protocol-independent sockets API.
TCP/IP Network Utility Routines provides descriptions and programming
details for the TCP/IP network utility routines.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 1.3. Where to Find More Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following books or online references are suggested for additional reading
and information.
At your local bookstore:
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols, W. Richard Stevens, Addison
Wesley, 1994
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 2: The Implementation, Gary R. Wright and W.
Richard Stevens, Addison Wesley, 1995
UNIX Network Programming, W. Richard Stevens, Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey, 1990
The C Programming Language: 2nd edition, Brian Kernighan and Dennis
Ritchie, Prentice Hall, 1988
IBM TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview
Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume I: Principles, Protocols, and
Architectures
Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume II: Implementation and Internals
Introducing IBM's TCP/IP Products for OS/2, VM and MMVS
IBM TCP/IP Version 3.1 for OS/2: Programmer's Reference
IBM TCP/IP Version 3.1 for OS/2: User's Guide
IBM TCP/IP Version 3.1 for OS/2: Quick Reference Guide
IBM Local Area Network Techincal Reference
This book available on The Developer Connection for LAN Systems CD-ROM:
- LAN Technical Reference IEEE 802.2 and NetBIOS APIs
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2. Sockets General Programming Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section contains technical information for planning, designing, and
writing application programs that use the sockets application programming
interface (API) of MPTS in an OS/2 environment.
This section contains information on the following topics:
MPTS
Programming with Sockets
Network-Byte Order
Multithreading Considerations
Typical Socket Session Diagrams
Using Socket Calls
Porting a Sockets API Application
Software Requirements and Toolkit Files
Compiling and Linking a Sockets Application
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.1. MPTS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
MPTS provides a solution to interconnect applications across networks. MPTS
provides a 32-bit sockets API for Internet (TCP/IP), local interprocess
communication (Local IPC), and NetBIOS communication domains. Network Services
sockets is based on the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) version 4.3
sockets implementation.
The sockets API allows you to write distributed or client/server applications
in supported communication domains to allow applications to communicate across
networks. In addition, the interface allows interprocess communication within
the same workstation. Applications can have full network access by using the
sockets API. An existing sockets application can usually be made to run in
another communications domain by modifying the communications domain section
and the networking addressing parameters used by the application. The
application must then be recompiled and relinked.
Components of Network Services shows a functional relationship between the
application program and the MPTS Sockets API, supported communication domains,
and supported network adapters.
Note that the SNA APIs are not part of the sockets programming API and that
information on the SNA communication domain is not discussed in any portion of
this book.
Components of Network Services
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2. Programming with Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The sockets API allows an application to communicate across networks with other
applications. You can, for example, make use of the sockets interface when you
write a client application that may communicate with a server application
running on the same or another workstation.
To use sockets, you must know the C programming language.
The MPTS OS/2 sockets API provides a standard interface to all supported
communication domains: Internet, Local IPC, and NetBIOS. MPTS OS/2 supports
four socket types: datagram, raw, sequenced packet, and stream. Each
communication domain supports certain socket types. Refer to Socket Types for
additional information.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2.1. What is a Socket? ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A socket is an endpoint for communication. From an application program
perspective, it is a resource allocated by MPTS. It is represented by an
integer called a socket descriptor. A pair of sockets, one in each of two
tasks, is used for interprocess communication (IPC) between them, on a single
workstation or different workstations. Sockets are full-duplex, which means
that data can be transmitted and received simultaneously. Each socket is
created for a particular communication domain and socket type. Communication
can occur between applications using the same socket type within the same
communications domain only.
The sockets API is designed to provide applications with access to the network
while hiding the details of the physical network. You choose a socket type
(refer to Socket Types) that reflects the communication characteristics that
you want. For example, stream sockets offers a reliable method of data
transmission without message boundaries.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2.2. Socket Protocol Families and Supported Communication Domains ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Communication domains are specified in MPTS as protocol families. Specifying
the protocol family identifies the underlying network protocol used during
communications. All servers in the same protocol family understand and use the
same scheme of addressing socket endpoints.
The protocol families are defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> header file and are
listed in Communication Domains Supported.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 1. Communication Domains Supported Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé ADDRESS FAMILY Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé COMMUNICATION Γöé #DEFINE IN Γöé SUPPORTED PROTO- Γöé SUPPORTED SOCKET Γöé
Γöé DOMAIN Γöé <SYS\SOCKET.H> Γöé COLS Γöé TYPES Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Internet Γöé AF_INET Γöé ICMP, IGMP, IP, Γöé Datagram, Raw, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé TCP, UDP Γöé Stream Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Local IPC Γöé AF_OS2, AF_UNIX, Γöé Local IPC Γöé Datagram, Stream Γöé
Γöé Γöé or AF_LOCAL Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NetBIOS Γöé AF_NETBIOS or Γöé NetBIOS Γöé Datagram, Γöé
Γöé Γöé AF_NB Γöé Γöé Sequenced Packet Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
As Communication Domains Supported indicates, some socket types can be used in
more than one communications domain. Refer to Socket Types for additional
information on socket types.
Default Protocols lists the default protocols for each communication
domain-socket type that is supported.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 2. Default Protocols Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé COMMUNI- Γöé Γöé DEFAULT PROTOCOL Γöé Γöé
Γöé CATION Γöé Γöé #DEFINE IN Γöé OTHER PROTOCOLS Γöé
Γöé DOMAIN Γöé SOCKET TYPE Γöé <SYS\SOCKET.H> Γöé SUPPORTED Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Internet Γöé Datagram Γöé UDP (IPPROTO_UDP) Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Raw Γöé Raw IP (IPPROTO_RAW) Γöé ICMP Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé (IPPROTO_ICMP) Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé IGMP Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé (IPPROTO_IGMP) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Stream Γöé TCP (IPPROTO_TCP) Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Local IPC Γöé Datagram Γöé none (0) Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Stream Γöé none (0) Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NetBIOS Γöé Datagram Γöé NetBIOS (NBPROTO_NB) Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Sequenced Packet Γöé NetBIOS (NBPROTO_NB) Γöé Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2.3. Socket Address Families ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
An address family is a specific address format that conforms to the rules of
the communication domain that the address family is used in. The address
families that are supported by MPTS are defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> header
file and are listed in Socket Address Families.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 3. Socket Address Families Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Γöé ADDRESS FAMILY Γöé
Γöé ADDRESS Γöé Γöé #DEFINE IN Γöé
Γöé FAMILY Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé <SYS\SOCKET.H> Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Internet Γöé Defines addresses in the Internet Protocol Γöé AF_INET Γöé
Γöé Γöé version 4 address format. Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Local IPC Γöé Defines addresses in the Local IPC address Γöé AF_OS2, AF_UNIX, or Γöé
Γöé Γöé format. Γöé AF_LOCAL Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NetBIOS Γöé Defines addresses in the NetBIOS address Γöé AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB Γöé
Γöé Γöé format. Γöé Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.2.4. Connection Modes ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A connection mode refers to an established logical channel for the transmission
of data between two application programs.
The MPTS OS/2 sockets API supports two connection modes:
Connection-oriented
Connectionless
The connection-oriented mode requires that a logical connection be established
between two applications before data transfer or communication can occur.
Applications encounter some overhead during the connection establishment phase
as the applications negotiate the connection request. This mode is useful for
applications that use long datastream transmissions or require reliable
transmissions of data.
The term connected refers to two endpoints that have an established logical
connection between them. Stream and sequenced packet socket types use the
connection-oriented mode and are always connected.
The connectionless mode does not require a logical connection to allow
communication between applications. Rather, individual messages are
transmitted independently from one application to another application. Each
message must contain the data and all information required for delivery of the
message to its destination. Normally, datagram and raw socket types use the
connectionless mode. See "Datagram or raw sockets"..
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3. Socket Types ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Each socket has an associated type, which describes the semantics of
communication for the socket. The socket type determines the socket
communication properties such as reliability, ordering, and prevention of
duplication of messages. The MPTS OS/2 sockets API supports communications
between applications using the same socket type only.
The socket type is passed as a parameter to the socket() call. Socket Types
summarizes the attributes and features of each socket type.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.1. Stream Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Stream sockets model duplex byte streams and define a reliable
connection-oriented service. Data is sent without errors or duplication and is
received in the same order as it was sent. Flow control is built in to avoid
data overruns. No boundaries are imposed on the data; it is considered to be a
stream of bytes.
Stream sockets are connected sockets and are either active or passive. Active
sockets are used by clients who initiate connection requests with connect().
Passive sockets are used by servers to accept connection requests with the
listen() and accept() calls.
Receiving data from any address is supported.
After a connection has been established between stream sockets, any of these
data transfer calls can be used:
send() and recv()
sendto() and recvfrom()
sendmsg() and recvmsg()
writev() and readv()
Usually, a send()-recv() pair is used for sending data on stream sockets.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.2. Sequenced Packet Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sequenced packet sockets define a reliable connection-oriented service. Data
is sent without error or duplication and is received in the same order as it
was sent. Flow control is built in to avoid data overruns. Every sequenced
packet is sent and received as a complete record.
Receiving data from any address is supported.
After a connection has been established between sequenced packet sockets, any
of these data transfer calls can be used:
send() and recv()
sendto() and recvfrom()
sendmsg() and recvmsg()
writev() and readv()
Usually, a send()-recv() pair is used for sending data on sequenced packet
sockets.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.3. Datagram Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Datagram sockets provide connectionless message exchange with no guarantee of
delivery. Data can be lost or duplicated, and datagrams can arrive out of
order. Datagrams are sent and received as complete records. The size of a
datagram is limited to the size that an underlying protocol supports.
A datagram socket operating in connectionless mode can exchange datagrams using
the sendto() and recvfrom() calls.
Receiving data from any address is supported.
Datagram sockets are connectionless mode sockets by default. If an application
program is using datagram sockets and calls connect() fully specifying the
destination address, the sockets are considered to be connected. The
application program can then use the other data transfer calls send() and
recv() or writev() and readv().
This method of data transfer stays in effect until connect() is called again
with a different destination address. Refer to "Datagram or raw sockets". for
additional information.
Datagram sockets can be used to send broadcast messages in the internet and
NetBIOS communications domains. For the Internet domain, the broadcast function
is dependent on the address class and whether subnets are being used. The
constant INADDR_BROADCAST, defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> file, can be used to
broadcast to the primary network if the primary network is configured to
support broadcast. These comments are defined <NETNB/NB.H> and are NB_UNIQUE,
NB_GROUP, and NB_BROAD. respectively. For the NetBIOS domain, the address
format has a type field that specifies whether the address is unique,
multicast, or broadcast.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.4. Raw Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Raw sockets provide connectionless message exchange with the same data transfer
semantics as previously described for datagram sockets. You can use raw sockets
to directly access the protocol specified in the socket() call, such as the
Internet Protocol (IP), the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), or the
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). Raw sockets are often used for
testing new protocol implementations or gaining access to some of the more
advanced facilities of an existing protocol.
Raw sockets are connectionless mode sockets by default. Raw sockets can be
connected if connect() is called to specify the destination address. Refer to
"Datagram or raw sockets". for additional information.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.5. Socket Types Summary Tables ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Socket Types summarizes many of the attributes and features of supported socket
types.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 4. Socket Types Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé CON- Γöé Γöé
Γöé SOCKET Γöé #DEFINE IN Γöé Γöé NECTION Γöé PRIMARY Γöé
Γöé TYPE Γöé <SYS\SOCKET.H> Γöé DOMAINS Γöé ORIENTED? Γöé SOCKET CALLS Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Stream Γöé SOCK_STREAM Γöé INET, Local Γöé yes Γöé send - recv Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé IPC, NetBIOS Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Sequenced Γöé SOCK_SEQPACKET Γöé NetBIOS Γöé yes Γöé send - recv Γöé
Γöé Packet Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Datagram Γöé SOCK_DGRAM Γöé INET, Local Γöé no (*) Γöé sendto - Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé IPC, NetBIOS Γöé Γöé recvfrom(*) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Raw Γöé SOCK_RAW Γöé INET Γöé no (*) Γöé sendto - Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé recvfrom(*) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NOTE: (*) unless the application has called connect() for the socket. In Γöé
Γöé this case, the socket is CONNECTED. Refer to Connection Modes for additional Γöé
Γöé information. Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.6. Guidelines for Using Socket Types ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
If you are communicating with an existing application, you must use the same
socket type and the same communication domain as the existing application.
Raw sockets have a special purpose of interfacing directly to the underlying
protocol layer. If you are writing a new protocol on top of Internet Protocol
(IP) or wish to use the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) or the
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), then you must use a raw sockets.
You should consider the following factors in choosing a socket type for new
applications:
Reliability
Stream sockets provide the most reliable connection. Connectionless mode
datagram and raw sockets are unreliable because packets can be discarded,
duplicated, or received out of order. This may be acceptable if the
application does not require reliability, or if the application
implements the reliability on top of the sockets API. The trade-off is
the increased performance available over stream sockets.
Performance
The overhead associated with reliability, flow control, packet
reassembly, and connection maintenance degrades the performance of stream
sockets so that stream sockets do not perform as well as datagram sockets
acting in a connectionless mode.
Amount of data to be transferred
Datagram sockets impose a limit on the amount of data transferred,
depending on the protocol. As the amount of data in a single transaction
increases, it is preferable to use stream sockets.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.3.7. Socket Addresses and Data Structure Format ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A socket can be bound to a unique local name with the bind() call with an
address so that tasks can connect to it. The socket address format conforms to
the rules governing network addresses for each communication domain. For
example, in the Internet communication domain, a host address is a 32-bit value
that represents one of the ways Internet addresses can be encoded. Each
communication domain has different rules for valid socket names and
interpretation of names.
A socket address is defined by the following sockaddr structure, which is found
in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> header file:
struct sockaddr
{
u_char sa_family; /* address family */
char sa_data[14]; /* address value */
};
The sa_family field contains the address family.
The sa_data field is different for each address family. Each address family
defines its own structure, which is overlaid on the sockaddr structure.
Socket address structures for the Internet, Local IPC, and NetBIOS
communication domains (sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, sockaddr_nb) are described in
"Addressing within an Internet Domain", Local IPC Address Format, and NetBIOS
Address Format.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.4. Multithreading Considerations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The sockets and network utility routines are completely re-entrant. Multiple
threads of an application can call any socket call.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.5. Typical Socket Session Diagrams ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following figures show a graphical representation for the general sequence
of socket calls needed to provide communication between applications for
supported socket types. This basic sequence is the same for each supported
communication domain for all supported socket types. This means that a
programmer can modify the communications domain selection and the networking
addressing parameters of an existing sockets program, recompile and relink, and
the program can be run in another domain. This also allows programs that use
sockets in multiple domains to be easily constructed.
A Typical Stream or Sequenced Packet Socket Session
There is an alternative to the serialized sequence in A Typical Stream or
Sequenced Packet Socket Session. The server can call accept() to create a new
thread to handle this new socket. Using the original thread, the server can
then call accept() again and begin waiting for more requests.
A Typical Datagram Socket Session
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6. Using Socket Calls ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A detailed description of using the basic socket calls follows. These examples
show communication between applications in the Internet communication domain
using stream sockets. Additional information for other supported domains can
be found in Sockets over Local IPC and Sockets over NetBIOS.
1. An application must get a socket descriptor using the socket() call, as
in An Application Using the socket() Call. For a more detailed
description, see socket().
An Application Using the socket() Call
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
int s;
.
.
.
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
In this example, the socket() call allocates a socket descriptor s in the
Internet communication domain. The communication domain is specified in the
domain parameter. The domain is specified with one of the supported protocol
families. This example specifies the protocol family AF_INET. The type
parameter is a constant that specifies the type of socket. For the internet
communication domain, this can be SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, or SOCK_RAW. The
protocol parameter is a constant that specifies which protocol to use. Passing
0 chooses the default protocol for the specified socket type. Refer to Default
Protocols for information on default protocols. If successful, socket()
returns a non-negative integer socket descriptor.
After an application has a socket descriptor, it can explicitly bind() a
unique name to the socket, as in An Application Using the bind() Call.
An Application Using the bind() Call
int rc;
int s;
struct sockaddr_in myname;
int bind(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int namelen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
/* clear the structure */
memset(&myname, 0, sizeof(myname));
myname.sin_family = AF_INET;
myname.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("129.5.24.1"); /* specific interface */
myname.sin_port = htons(1024);
.
.
.
rc = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &myname, sizeof(myname));
For a server in the Internet domain to be able to use listen() for connections
on a stream socket or use recvfrom() on a datagram socket, the server must
first use the bind() call to bind the socket to a specific address family and
port. This example binds myname to socket s. Note that the sockaddr_in
structure should be cleared before calling bind(). For a more detailed
description, see bind(). For information on the sockaddr_in structure, see
Internet Address Formats.
The unique name myname specifies that the application uses an internet address
family (AF_INET) at internet address 129.5.24.1, and is bound to port 1024.
The example in An Application Using the bind() Call shows two useful network
utility routines:
inet_addr() takes an internet address in dotted-decimal form and returns
it in network-byte order. For a more detailed description, see
inet_addr().
htons() takes a port number in host-byte order and returns the port in
network-byte order. For a more detailed description, see htons().
A bind() Call Using the getservbyname() Call shows how the bind() call on the
server side uses the network utility routine getservbyname() to find a
well-known port number for a specified service from the ETC\SERVICES file. For
more information on well-known ports, see Ports.
A bind() Call Using the getservbyname() Call also shows the use of the
internet address value INADDR_ANY. This is the value generally used on a
socket bind() call. It binds the socket to all internet addresses available
on the local machine, without requiring the program to know the local internet
address. (The code fragment in An Application Using the bind() Call runs
successfully only on the machine with internet address 192.5.24.1). If a host
has more than one internet address (that is, if it is multihomed host),
messages sent to any of the addresses are deliverable to a socket bound to
INADDR_ANY.
A bind() Call Using the getservbyname() Call
int rc;
int s;
struct sockaddr_in myname;
int bind(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int namelen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
struct servent *sp;
.
.
.
sp = getservbyname("login","tcp"); /* get application specific */
/* well-known port */
.
.
.
/* clear the structure */
memset(&myname,0,sizeof(myname));
myname.sin_family = AF_INET;
myname.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; /* any interface */
myname.sin_port = sp->s_port;
.
.
.
rc = bind(s,(struct sockaddr *)&myname,sizeof(myname));
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.1. Indicating Readiness to Accept Connections ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
After binding a name to a socket, a server using stream sockets must indicate
readiness to accept connections from clients. The server does this with the
listen() call, as illustrated in the example in An Application Using the
listen() Call.
An Application Using the listen() Call
int s;
int backlog;
int rc;
int listen(int s, int backlog); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
rc = listen(s, 5);
The listen() call is used to indicate the server is ready to accept
connections. In this example, a maximum of five connection requests can be
queued for the server. Additional requests are ignored. For a more detailed
description, see listen().
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.2. Requesting a Connection ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Clients using stream sockets call connect() to request a connection as shown in
An Application Using the connect() Call.
An Application Using the connect() Call
int s;
struct sockaddr_in servername;
int rc;
int connect(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int namelen);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
memset(&servername, 0,sizeof(servername));
servername.sin_family = AF_INET;
servername.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("129.5.24.1");
servername.sin_port = htons(1024);
.
.
.
rc = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *) &servername, sizeof(servername));
The connect() call attempts to connect socket s to the server with the name
supplied in servername. This could be the server that was used in the previous
bind() example. With stream sockets the caller optionally blocks until the
connection request is added to the queue of incoming connections for the
listening socket. On successful return from connect(), the socket s is
associated with the connection to the server. Refer to ioctl() for additional
information about determining blocking and nonblocking behavior. Note that the
sockaddr_in structure should be cleared before calling connect(). For a more
detailed description, see connect().
An Application Using the gethostbyname() Call
int s;
struct sockaddr_in servername;
char *hostname = "serverhost";
int rc;
int connect(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int namelen);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
struct hostent *hp;
.
.
.
hp = gethostbyname(hostname);
/* clear the structure */
memset(&servername,0,sizeof(servername));
servername.sin_family = AF_INET;
servername.sin_addr.s_addr = *((u_long *)hp->h_addr);
servername.sin_port = htons(1024);
.
.
.
rc = connect(s,(struct sockaddr *)&servername,sizeof(servername));
An Application Using the gethostbyname() Call shows an example of using the
gethostbyname() network utility routine to find out the internet address of
serverhost from the name server or the ETC\HOSTS file.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.3. Accepting a Connection Request ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Servers using stream sockets accept a connection request with the accept()
call, as shown in An Application Using the accept() Call.
An Application Using the accept() Call
int clientsocket;
int s;
struct sockaddr clientaddress;
int addrlen;
int accept(int s, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
addrlen = sizeof(clientaddress);
.
.
.
clientsocket = accept(s, &clientaddress, &addrlen);
If connection requests are not pending on socket s, the accept() call blocks
the server unless ioctl() has been called. Refer to ioctl() for additional
information about determining blocking and nonblocking behavior. When a
connection request is accepted on socket s, the name of the client and length
of the client name are returned, along with a new socket descriptor. The new
socket descriptor is associated with the client that initiated the connection
and socket s is again available to accept new connections. For a more detailed
description, see accept().
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.4. Transferring Data with Connected Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
There are several sockets API calls available to clients and servers for data
transfer. The readv() and writev(), and send() and recv() calls can be used on
connected sockets. The sendto() and recvfrom() calls can be used on both
connected and unconnected sockets.
An Application Using the send() and recv() Calls
int bytes_sent;
int bytes_received;
char data_sent[256] = "data to be sent on connected socket";
char data_received[256];
int send(int socket, char *buf, int buflen, int flags);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
int recv(int socket, char *buf, int buflen, int flags);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
int s;
.
.
.
bytes_sent = send(s, data_sent, sizeof(data_sent), 0);
.
.
.
bytes_received = recv(s, data_received, sizeof(data_received), 0);
The example in An Application Using the send() and recv() Calls shows an
application sending data on a connected socket and receiving data in response.
The flags field can be used to specify additional options to send() or recv(),
such as sending out-of-band data. For additional information, see send() and
recv().
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.5. Transferring Data with Unconnected Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
If the socket is not connected, additional addressing information must be
passed using sendto() and can be optionally returned using recvfrom(). An
example of using the sendto() and recvfrom() calls is shown in An Application
Using the sendto() and recvfrom() Calls.
An Application Using the sendto() and recvfrom() Calls
int bytes_sent;
int bytes_received;
char data_sent[256] = "data to be sent using sendto()";
char data_received[256];
struct sockaddr_in to;
struct sockaddr from;
int addrlen;
int sendto(int socket, char *buf, int buflen, int flags,
struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
int recvfrom(int socket, char *buf, int buflen, int flags,
struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
int s;
.
.
.
memset(&to, 0, sizeof(to));
to.sin_family = AF_INET;
to.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("129.5.24.1");
to.sin_port = htons(1024);
.
.
.
bytes_sent = sendto(s, data_sent, sizeof(data_sent), 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &to, sizeof(to));
.
.
.
addrlen = sizeof(from); /* must be initialized */
bytes_received = recvfrom(s, data_received, sizeof(data_received), 0, &from, &addrlen);
The sendto() and recvfrom() calls take additional parameters that allow the
caller to specify the recipient of the data or to be notified of the sender of
the data. See recvfrom(), and sendto(), for more information about these
additional parameters.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.6. Transferring Data with Scatter/Gather Features ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The writev() and readv() calls, shown in An Application Using the writev() and
readv() Calls, provide the additional features of scatter/gather read/write of
data. Scattered data can be located in multiple data buffers. The writev() call
gathers the scattered data and sends it. The readv() call receives data and
scatters it into multiple buffers.
An Application Using the writev() and readv() Calls
int s, iovcnt, bytes_sent, bytes_read;
struct iovec iov[3];
char header_out[] = "This is the header";
char data_out[] = "This is the data";
char trailer_out[] = "This is the trailer";
char header_in[18];
char data_in[16];
char trailer_in[19];
.
.
.
/* Put data in buffers */
iovcnt = 3;
iov[0].iov_base = header_out;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(header_out);
iov[1].iov_base = data_out;
iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(data_out);
iov[2].iov_base = trailer_out;
iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(trailer_out);
/* Send the message in buffers to the server */
bytes_sent = writev(s, iov, iovcnt);
.
.
.
iov[0].iov_base = header_in;
iov[0].iov_len = sizeof(header_in);
iov[1].iov_base = data_in;
iov[1].iov_len = sizeof(data_in);
iov[2].iov_base = trailer_in;
iov[2].iov_len = sizeof(trailer_in);
/* Read the message in buffers */
bytes_read = readv(s, iov, iovcnt);
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.7. Transferring Data with Multiple Sockets ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Applications can handle multiple sockets. In such situations, you can use the
select() call to determine the sockets that have data to be read, those that
are ready for data to be written, and the sockets that have pending exception
conditions. If the timeout parameter is positive, select() waits up to this
amount of time for at least one socket to become ready on the indicated
conditions. This is useful for applications servicing multiple connections that
cannot afford to block and are waiting for data on one connection.
An Application Uses the BSD Version select() Call
#define BSD_SELECT
fd_set readsocks;
fd_set writesocks;
fd_set exceptsocks;
struct timeval timeout;
int number_of_sockets;
int number_found;
.
.
.
/* set bits in read write except bit masks. To set mask for a descriptor s use
* readsocks |= fd_set(s);
*
* set number of sockets to be checked
* number_of_sockets = x;
*/
.
.
.
number_found = select(number_of_sockets,
&readsocks, &writesocks, &exceptsocks, &timeout);
In this example, the application indicates the sockets to be checked for
readability or readiness for writing.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.8. Using Asynchronous Socket Operations ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
In addition to select(), applications can use the ioctl() call to help perform
asynchronous (nonblocking) socket operations. An example of the use of the
ioctl() call is shown in An Application Using the ioctl() Call.
An Application Using the ioctl() Call
int s;
int bytes_received;
int dontblock;
char buf[256];
int rc;
int ioctl(int s, int command, char *command_data, int datasize);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
dontblock = 1;
.
.
.
rc = ioctl(s, FIONBIO, (char *) &dontblock, sizeof(dontblock));
.
.
.
bytes_received = recv(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if (bytes_received == -1)
{
if (sock_errno() == SOCEWOULDBLOCK)
/* data is not present */
else
/* error occurred */
}
else
/* bytes_ received indicates amount of data received in buf */
This example causes the socket s to be placed in nonblocking mode. When this
socket is passed as a parameter to calls that would block, such as recv() when
data is not present, it causes the call to return with an error code, and sets
the error value to SOCEWOULDBLOCK. Setting the mode of the socket to be
nonblocking allows an application to continue processing without becoming
blocked. For a more detailed description, see ioctl().
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.6.9. Deallocating a Socket Descriptor ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The socket descriptor s is deallocated with the soclose() call. For a more
detailed description, see soclose(). An example of the soclose() call is shown
in An Application Using the soclose() Call.
An Application Using the soclose() Call
int soclose(int s); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
/* close the socket */
soclose(s);
.
.
.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.7. Porting a Sockets API Application ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
MPTS OS/2 sockets is based on the Berkeley Software Distribution Version 4.3
sockets implementation.
Sockets are not OS/2 Warp files or devices. Socket descriptors have no
relationship to OS/2 Warp file handles. Therefore, file-related calls
such as read(), write(), and close() do not work for sockets. Use the
recv(), send(), and soclose() functions instead.
To access MPTS return values, add the following include statement:
#include <nerrno.h>
Error codes set by the MPTS OS/2 sockets API are not made available using
the global errno variable. Instead, error codes are accessed by using
the sock_errno() API described in sock_errno(). Use psock_errno(),
instead of perror(), to write a short error message on the standard error
device describing the last error encountered during a call to a socket
library function. This is intended to obtain per-thread error codes in a
multithreaded application environment and to avoid problems with
conflicting errno constants defined by some compilers.
For compatibility with Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), an
application can choose to define:
#define errno sock_errno()
#define perror psock_errno
Place these definitions after # include <SYS\SOCKET.H>.
If a source file includes code that checks errno for both OS/2 Warp
socket and OS/2 Warp nonsocket functions, this mechanism cannot be used.
BSD-style error checking is as follows:
rt = recv(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if (rt == -1 && errno == SOCEWOULDBLOCK)
{...}
if (recv(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) < 0)
{
perror("Recv()");
exit(1);
}
The preferred OS/2 Warp-style error checking is as follows:
rt = recv(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if (rt == -1 && sock_errno() == SOCEWOULDBLOCK)
{...}
if (recv(s, buf, sizeof(buf), 0) < 0)
{
psock_errno("Recv()");
exit(1);
}
Error constants consistent with BSD sockets are provided for
compatibility purposes; your application can use the error constant
EWOULDBLOCK instead of SOCEWOULDBLOCK. Refer to Socket Error Return Code
Constants, or the <NERRNO.H> file for definitions of error constants.
Unlike the BSD select() call, you cannot use the OS/2 select() call to
wait for activity on devices other than sockets. See select() for more
information.
The ioctl() interface differs slightly from the current BSD ioctl()
implementation. For example, IBM has added a lendata parameter, which the
current BSD ioctl() implementation does not require. Other functions of
the IBM ioctl() call also differ from the current BSD ioctl()
implementation in some cases. In addition, the getsockopt() and
setsockopt() provides support for additional protocol-specific options.
For more information, see:
ioctl()
getsockopt()
setsockopt()
Mapping NetBIOS Control Block (NCB) Calls to Socket Calls
The following lists the NCB calls and the appropriate socket calls to map to.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 5. NCB Calls to Socket Calls Mapping Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB CALL Γöé SOCKET CALL(S) Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.ADD.GROUP.NAME Γöé bind() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.ADD.NAME Γöé bind() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.CALL Γöé connect() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.CANCEL Γöé N/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.CHAIN.SEND Γöé sendmsg(), writev() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.CHAIN.SEND.NO.ACK Γöé sendmsg(), writev() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.DELETE.NAME Γöé soclose() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.FIND.NAME Γöé N/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.GATHER.SEND Γöé sendmsg(), writev() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.HANG.UP Γöé soclose() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.LAN.STATUS.ALERT Γöé N/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.LISTEN Γöé listen() + accept() * Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé *: After you call listen() and accept(), you can call accept() multiple times without calling listen() again. Γöé
Γöé This is functionally equivalent to multiple calls of NCB.LISTEN. For example, if you call NCB.LISTEN three times, Γöé
Γöé the mapping would be: Γöé
Γöé Γöé
Γöé NCB.LISTEN #1 ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ> listen() + accept() Γöé
Γöé NCB.LISTEN #2 ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ> accept() Γöé
Γöé NCB.LISTEN #3 ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇ> accept() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.RECEIVE Γöé readv(), recv(), recvfrom(), recvmsg() ** Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé **: With NCB.RECEIVE calls, you must issue a receive call before the send call is issued. With the socket read Γöé
Γöé and receive calls, you can issue the send and receive calls in any order. Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.RECEIVE.ANY Γöé readv(), recv(), recvfrom(), recvmsg() ** Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.RECEIVE.BROADCAST.DATAGRAM Γöé recvfrom(), recvmsg() ** Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.RECEIVE.DATAGRAM Γöé recvfrom(), recvmsg() ** Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.RESET Γöé N/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.SCATTER.RECV.ANY Γöé readv(), recvmsg() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.SEND Γöé send(), sendmsg(), sendto(), writev() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.SEND.BROADCAST.DATAGRAM Γöé sendmsg(), sendto() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.SEND.DATAGRAM Γöé connect() + send(), sendmsg(), sendto() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.SEND.NOACK Γöé send(), sendmsg(), sendto(), writev() Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.SESSION.STATUS Γöé N/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.STATUS Γöé N/A Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NCB.UNLINK Γöé N/A Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
In general, select() is used when a no-wait NCB call is simulated. For
example, for a no-wait NCB.CALL, a connect() would be issued and then a
select() to determine when the connection is made successfully.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.8. Software Requirements and Toolkit Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section describes the software requirements for running the MPTS code and
also lists the socket header and library files.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.8.1. Software Requirements ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
You must have the following software installed on your system:
OS/2 Warp
OS/2 Warp MPTS
IBM C Set/2
If installing MPTS on top of a previous version of MPTS OR NTS/2, be aware
that the Toolkit files for developers are no longer installed. To unpack the
Socket files into the desired directory, insert MPTS Diskette 5 into drive A:
on the code server and type the following command:
PKUNZIP2 -d A:\TOOLKIT\MPTNTK.ZIP <e:\path>
The following example places the MPTS developer toolkit files in drive C:
PKUNZIP2 -d A:\TOOLKIT\MPTNTK.ZIP C:\
Note: If MPTS is not installed on the workstation where you are unpacking the
MPTS Toolkit, you must copy the PKUNZIP2.EXE program from the root directory
of MPTS Diskette 1 into a directory that is in the current path.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.8.2. Header and Library Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section lists the header and library files that are installed from the
Socket Toolkit to your workstation.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.8.2.1. Header Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following are the socket application header files .
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 6. Header Files Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé HEADER FILE Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé ARPA\NAMESER.H Γöé IP name server definition Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NET\IF.H Γöé TCP/IP network interface definition Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NET\IF_ARP.H Γöé TCP/IP ARP protocol definition Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NET\ROUTE.H Γöé TCP/IP routing table definition Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NETDB.H Γöé TCP/IP network utility definitions Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NETNB\NB.H Γöé NetBIOS address structure definition Γöé
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Γöé NERRNO.H Γöé MPTS error code definitions Γöé
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Γöé NETINET\IN.H Γöé IP constants and structures Γöé
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Γöé NETINET\IF_ETHER.H Γöé Ethernet structures Γöé
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Γöé NETINET\IN_SYSTM.H Γöé Internetwork definitions for kernel Γöé
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Γöé NETINET\IP.H Γöé IP definitions Γöé
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Γöé NETINET\IP_ICMP.H Γöé ICMP definitions Γöé
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Γöé CRYPT.H Γöé Crypt structures Γöé
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Γöé FTPAPI.H Γöé FTP structures Γöé
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Γöé GRP.H Γöé Group definitions Γöé
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Γöé NETLIB.H Γöé NETLIB definitions Γöé
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Γöé PWD.H Γöé Password structures Γöé
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Γöé SYSLOG.H Γöé System log definitions Γöé
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Γöé RESOLV.H Γöé IP name resolution definitions Γöé
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Γöé SYS\IOCTL.H Γöé Input/output control definitions Γöé
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Γöé SYS\SELECT.H Γöé BSD_SELECT definitions Γöé
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Γöé SYS\SOCKET.H Γöé Socket definitions and structures Γöé
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Γöé SYS\TIME.H Γöé Time_val structures Γöé
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Γöé SYS\UN.H Γöé Local IPC structures Γöé
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Γöé TYPES.H Γöé Data type definitions Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé UTILS.H Γöé TCP/IP utility routine definitions Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.8.2.2. Library Files ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Library Files and DLL Files and Their Application list library files an
application must link to.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 7. Library Files Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé LIBRARY FILE Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO32DLL.LIB Γöé Linkable library containing the 32-bit protocol- Γöé
Γöé Γöé independent socket entry point descriptions Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé TCP32DLL.LIB Γöé Linkable library containing the 32-bit Γöé
Γöé Γöé TCP/IP-specific network utility routine entry Γöé
Γöé Γöé point descriptions Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé TCPIPDLL.LIB Γöé Linkable library containing 16-bit TCP/IP-specific Γöé
Γöé Γöé network routine entry point descriptions Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 8. DLL Files and Their Application Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé DLL FILE Γöé APPLICATION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO32DLL.DLL Γöé Dynamically linked library containing the 32-bit Γöé
Γöé Γöé protocol-independent socket calls Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé TCP32DLL.DLL Γöé Dynamically linked library containing the 32-bit Γöé
Γöé Γöé TCP/IP specific network utility routines Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé TCCPIPDLL.DLL Γöé dynamically linked library containing the 16-bit Γöé
Γöé Γöé TCP/IP-specfic newtork utility routines Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
Note: All DLL files must reside in a directory listed in the LIBPATH system
environment variable for the program to run.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 2.9. Compiling and Linking a Sockets Application ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following steps describe the compiling and linking procedures for a sockets
application using the C++ compiler.
Set your environment variables to find the following:
Executable programs
Link libraries
Header files
You can set the environment variables interactively, or you can include them
in your CONFIG.SYS file. The following is an example of the entries you may
have in your CONFIG.SYS file.
SET PATH=C:\IBMC\BIN;%PATH%
SET DPATH=C:\IBMC\LOCALE;C:\IBMC\HELP;%DPATH%
SET LIB=C:\IBMC\LIB;C:\MPTN\LIB;%LIB%
SET INCLUDE=C:\IBMC\INCLUDE;C:\MPTN\INCLUDE;%INCLUDE%
SET HELP=C:\IBMC\HELP;%HELP%
SET BOOKSHELF=C:\IBMC\HELP;%BOOKSHELF%
SET TZ=EST5EDT,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
To compile your program, enter the following command:
icc /C+ /DMPTN /DSO32 /DOS2 myprog
For a dynamically linked, single-threaded program:
LINK386 myprog.obj,,DDE4SBS.LIB DDE4SBM.LIB SO32DLL.LIB TCP32DLL.LIB
OS2386.LIB
For a dynamically linked, multithreaded program:
LINK386 myprog.obj,,DDE4MBS.LIB DDE4MBM.LIB SO32DLL.LIB TCP32DLL.LIB
OS2386.LIB
Notes:
1. When running an application that is built using DLL, the LIBPATH
environment variable in your CONFIG.SYS file must include the MPTS\DLL
directory.
2. For more information about the compile and link option, multithreaded
libraries, and dynamic link libraries, see the IBM C Set/2 User's Guide.
3. You must include the MPTS library header files to ensure that proper
function declaration and parameter types are used.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3. Sockets in the Internet Domain ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section includes:
Protocols Used in the Internet Domain
Getting Started with Sockets in the Internet Domain
Network-Byte Order
Internet Address Formats
TCP/IP-specific Network Utility Routines
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1. Protocols Used in the Internet Domain ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section describes the network protocols in TCP/IP. Only the internet
domain is supported by the TCP/IP protocol suite. Networking protocols such as
TCP/IP are layered as shown in The Internet Layered Architecture. For more
information on the internet domain and the TCP/IP protocol suite, refer to
TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols.
The Internet Layered Architecture
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.1. Transmission Control Protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport protocol that provides a
reliable mechanism for delivering packets between hosts on an internet network.
TCP takes a stream of data, breaks it into datagrams, sends each one
individually using IP, and reassembles the datagrams at the destination node.
If any datagrams are lost or damaged during transmission, TCP detects this and
resends the missing datagrams. The received data stream is a reliable copy of
the transmitted data stream.
You can use TCP sockets for both passive (server) and active (client)
applications. Some calls are necessary for both types; others are
role-specific. TCP is the default protocol for stream sockets in the internet
domain.
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. It is used to communicate between pairs
of applications. After a connection is made, it exists until the socket is
closed. During the connection, data is either delivered or an error code is
returned by Network Services.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.2. User Datagram Protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a transport-layer datagram protocol that sends
and receives whole packets across the network. UDP does not offer a guarantee
of datagram delivery or duplication protection. UDP provides checksums for
both the header and data portions of a datagram. However, applications that
require reliable delivery of streams of data should use TCP. UDP is the default
protocol for datagram sockets in the internet domain.
Unlike applications using TCP, UDP applications are usually connectionless. A
UDP socket application can become connected by calling the connect() API. An
unconnected socket can be used to communicate with many hosts; but a connected
socket, because it has a dedicated destination, can send data to, and receive
data from, only one host at a time.
UDP is considered an unreliable protocol because it sends its data over the
network without verification. Consequently, after a packet has been accepted by
the UDP interface, the arrival of the packet and the arrival order of the
packet at the destination cannot be guaranteed.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.3. Internet Protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The Internet Protocol (IP) network layer provides the interface from the
transport layer (host-to-host) protocols to the link-level protocols. IP is the
basic transport mechanism for routing IP packets to the next gateway, router,
or destination host.
IP transmits packets of data from sources to destinations. Sources and
destinations are hosts identified by 32-bit IP addresses, which are assigned
independent of the underlying physical network. Outgoing packets automatically
have an IP header prefixed to them, and incoming packets have their IP header
removed before being sent to the higher-level protocols. This protocol provides
for the unique addressing of hosts in an internet network.
IP does not ensure a reliable communication, because it does not require
acknowledgments from the sending host, the receiving host, or intermediate
hosts. IP does not provide error control for data; it provides only a header
checksum. IP treats each packet as an independent entity unrelated to any other
packet. IP does not perform retransmissions or flow control. A higher-level
protocol, TCP/IP for example, that uses IP must implement its own reliability
procedures.
Applications do not typically access IP directly, but rather use TCP or UDP
which, in turn, use IP. Raw sockets can use IP.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.4. Internet Control Message Protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is used to pass control information
between hosts. For example, the information can be sent when a:
Host checks to see if another host is available (PING).
Packet cannot reach its destination.
Gateway or router can direct a host to send traffic on a shorter route.
Gateway or router does not have the buffering capacity to forward a
packet.
ICMP provides feedback about problems in the communication environment; it
does not make IP reliable. The use of ICMP does not guarantee that an IP
packet is delivered reliably or that an ICMP message is returned to the source
host when an IP packet is not delivered or is incorrectly delivered.
Raw sockets can use ICMP and similar to IP, ICMP is not typically used by
application programs directly.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.5. Internet Group Management Protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used to communicate group
membership information to hosts and routers on the network. When a host joins
a multicast group, it sends an IGMP message announcing the host membership to
the all-hosts multicast address (224.0.0.1). Because hosts do not send out
messages when they leave a group, the gateways must periodically poll the hosts
on the local network. The hosts send a membership report in response to the
poll.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.1.6. Address Resolution Protocol ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) maps IP addresses to hardware addresses.
TCP/IP uses ARP to collect and distribute the information for mapping tables.
ARP is not directly available to users or applications. When an application
sends an internet packet, IP requests the appropriate address mapping. If the
mapping is not in the mapping table, an ARP broadcast packet is sent to all the
hosts on the local network requesting the physical hardware address for the
host.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.2. Getting Started with Sockets in the Internet Domain ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section provides some basic information for getting started with sockets
in the internet domain:
Use the socket() call to create a socket in the internet domain
specifying PF_INET for the domain parameter.
Use AF_INET for the address family.
The following socket types are supported for the internet domain:
- Datagram (SOCK_DGRAM)
- Raw (SOCK_RAW)
- Stream (SOCK_STREAM) The socket type is passed as a parameter to the
socket() call. For additional information, refer to Socket Types and
general socket programming concepts in Programming with Sockets.
Datagram sockets use the UDP protocol, stream sockets use the TCP
protocol, and raw sockets can use the raw, ICMP, or IGMP protocols.
Use the network utility routines to get addresses with a given name
(refer to TCP/IP-specific Network Utility Routines for additional
information.)
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.3. Network-Byte Order ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Ports and addresses are specified to socket API calls by using the network-byte
ordering convention. Network-byte order is also known as big endian byte
ordering which has the high-order byte at the starting address. By contrast,
little endian has the low-order byte at the starting address. Using
network-byte ordering for data exchanged between hosts allows hosts using
different underlying byte ordering conventions to exchange address information.
There is a set of network utility API calls for translating addresses from
host-byte to network-byte order and from network-byte to host-byte order. For
more information about network-byte order and address translation, see:
bind()
htonl()
htons()
ntohl()
ntohs()
Note: The socket interface does not handle application data byte ordering
differences. Application writers must handle data buffer byte order
differences themselves.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.4. Internet Address Formats ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section describes the address formats used in the internet domain.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.4.1. Internet Addressing ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Internet protocol (IP) addresses are 32-bit values that represent a network
interface. Every internet address within an administered internet (AF_INET)
communication domain must be unique. A host can have as many internet addresses
as it has network interfaces. For more information about internet address
formats, see Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume I: Principles, Protocols, and
Architectures, and Volume II: Implementation and Internals.
Each internet host is assigned at least one unique internet address. This
address is used by IP and other higher-level protocols. When a host is a
gateway, it has more than one IP address. Gateway hosts connect two or more
physical networks and have one IP address per connected physical network.
An internet address can be broken down into two pieces:
The network number
This identifies the physical network the address is associated with.
The host ID (or local address)
This identifies a specific host on that network.
All hosts on a single physical network have the same network number and can
communicate with each other directly, without going through intermediate
routers. Hosts on disjoint physical networks have different network numbers
and must communicate through intermediate gateway hosts.
Dotted-Decimal Notation: A commonly used notation for internet host addresses
is the dotted-decimal notation, which divides the 32-bit address into four
8-bit fields. The value of each field is specified as a decimal number, and
the fields are separated by periods (for example, 10.2.0.52).
Address examples in this book use dotted-decimal notation in the following
forms:
nnn.lll.lll.lll
nnn.nnn.lll.lll
nnn.nnn.nnn.lll
where:
nnn represents part or all of a network number.
lll represents part or all of a local address.
Addressing within an Internet Domain: A socket address in an internet
communication domain is comprised of the five fields in the following
sockaddr_in structure: length, address family, port, an internet address, and
a reserved field. The sockaddr_in structure should be cleared before use. The
structure is located in the <NETINET\IN.H> header file:
struct in_addr {
u_long s_addr;
};
struct sockaddr_in {
u_char sin_family; /* AF_INET */
u_short sin_port; /* port id */
struct in_addr sin_addr; /* address */
char sin_zero[8]; /* not used */
};
The sin_family field is AF_INET.
The sin_port field is the port number in network-byte order. On a bind ()
call, you can set this field to 0 and Network Services chooses a port for the
socket. On a connect() call, you must set sin_port to the port you want to
connect to. For more information on ports, see Ports.
The sin_addr field is the internet address represented in network-byte order.
When specified as a parameter to bind(), sin_addr is usually set to the
constant INADDR_ANY, as defined in the <NETINET\IN.H> file. This binds the
socket to any and all local internet addresses. By using INADDR_ANY, an
application can bind a socket without specifying the local internet address.
The constant INADDR_ANY also allows an application running on a host with
multiple interfaces (multihomed host) to receive UDP datagrams and TCP
connection requests arriving at any interface on a single socket. (The
application is not required to have one socket per interface, with each
interface bound to a specific internet address).
If you do not set sin_addr to INADDR_ANY, you must set it to a valid internet
address for the workstation where the application is running.
The sin_zero field is not used, and it should be set to 0 by the application
before passing the address structure to any sockets call.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5. TCP/IP-specific Network Utility Routines ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The TCP/IP protocol provides a library, TCP32DLL, that can be used in addition
to the protocol-independent SO32DLL library. This API provides a set of network
utility routines to perform useful tasks such as internet address translation,
domain name resolution, network-byte order translation, and access to the
database of useful network information. This library can be used for the
PF_INET protocol family only. Network utility routines are described in the
following sections.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.1. Host Names Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following calls are host-related:
gethostbyname()
gethostbyaddr()
sethostent()
gethostent()
endhostent()
gethostname()
The gethostbyname() call takes an internet host name and returns a hostent
structure, which contains the name of the host, aliases, host address family
and host address. The hostent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header
file.
The gethostbyaddr() call maps the internet host address into a hostent
structure.
The database for these calls is provided by the name server or the ETC\HOSTS
file if a name server is not present or is unable to resolve the host name.
The sethostent(), gethostent(), and endhostent() calls open, provide
sequential access to, and close the ETC\HOSTS file.
The gethostname() call gets the name for the local host machine.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.2. Network Names Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following calls are network-related:
getnetbyname()
getnetbyaddr()
setnetent()
getnetent()
endnetent()
The getnetbyname() call takes a network name and returns a netent structure,
which contains the name of the network, aliases, network address family, and
network number. The netent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file.
The getnetbyaddr() call maps the network number into a netent structure.
The database for these calls is provided by the ETC\NETWORKS file.
The setnetent(), getnetent(), and endnetent() calls open, provide sequential
access to, and close the ETC\NETWORKS file.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.3. Protocol Names Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following calls are protocol-related:
getprotobyname()
getprotobynumber()
setprotoent()
getprotoent()
endprotoent()
The getprotobyname() call takes the protocol name and returns a protoent
structure, which contains the name of the protocol, aliases, and protocol
number. The protoent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file.
The getprotobynumber() call maps the protocol number into a protoent
structure.
The database for these calls is provided by the ETC\PROTOCOL file.
The setprotoent(), getprotoent(), and endprotoent() calls open, provide
sequential access to, and close the ETC\PROTOCOL file.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.4. Service Names Information ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following calls are service-related:
getservbyname()
getservbyport()
setservent()
getservent()
endservent()
The getservbyname() call takes the service name and protocol, and returns a
servent structure that contains the name of the service, aliases, port number,
and protocol. The servent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file.
The getservbyport() call maps the port number and protocol into a servent
structure.
The database for these calls is provided by the ETC\SERVICES file.
The setservent(), getservent(), and endservent() calls provide open, provide
sequential access to, and close the ETC\SERVICES file.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.5. Network-Byte Order Translation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Internet domain ports and addresses are usually specified to calls using the
network-byte ordering convention. The following are the network-byte order
translation calls:
htonl()
htons()
ntohl()
ntohs()
The htonl() and htons() calls translate host-byte order to network-byte order
for long integers (32-bit) and short integers (16-bit).
The ntohl() and ntohs() calls translate network-byte order to host-byte order
for long integers (32-bit) and short integers (16-bit).
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.6. Internet Address Manipulation ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following calls convert internet addresses and decimal notation, and
manipulate the network number and local network address portions of an internet
address:
inet_addr()
inet_network()
inet_ntoa()
inet_netof()
inet_lnaof()
inet_makeaddr()
The inet_addr() and inet_network() calls translate dotted-decimal notation to
a 32-bit internet address (network-byte order) or to a network number
(host-byte order, with zeros in the host part.)
The inet_ntoa() call translates 32-bit internet address (network-byte order)
to dotted-decimal notation.
The inet_netof() and inet_lnaof() calls extract the network number (host-byte
order) or the local network address (host-byte order) from a 32-bit internet
address (network-byte order).
The inet_makeaddr() call constructs internet address (network-byte order) from
network number and local network address.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.7. Domain Name Resolution ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Domain name resolution calls are used to resolve the symbolic host name into an
internet address and to extract more information about the host from the
database.
The resolution calls determine whether the name server is present by
referencing the ETC\RESOLV file. To resolve a name with no name server
present, the resolution calls check the ETC\HOSTS file for an entry that maps
the name to an address. To resolve a name in a name server network, the
resolution calls query the domain name server database. If this query fails,
the calls then check for an entry in the local ETC\HOSTS file.
The following resolution calls are used to make, send, and interpret packets
for name servers in the internet domain:
res_mkquery()
res_send()
res_init()
dn_comp()
dn_expand()
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 3.5.8. Ports ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
A port is used to differentiate between different applications on a host using
the same protocol (TCP or UDP). It is an additional qualifier used by Network
Services to get data to the correct application. Physically, a port is a 16-bit
integer. Some ports are reserved for particular applications and are called
well-known ports. Well-Known Port Assignments contains the well-known port
assignments list.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4. Sockets over Local IPC ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The sockets over the Local IPC domain allow the programmer to communicate
between applications on the same machine using the sockets API. Local IPC
sockets are not bound to a network protocol, but rather use the underlying host
facilities to provide high performance IPC.
This section includes:
Getting Started with Sockets Over Local IPC
Local IPC Address Format
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.1. Getting Started with Sockets Over Local IPC ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section provides some basic information for getting started with sockets
over Local IPC:
Use AF_OS/2 or AF_UNIX for the protocol family.
Use AF_OS/2, AF_LOCAL, or AF_UNIX for the address family.
The following socket types are supported for the Local IPC domain:
- Datagram (SOCK_DGRAM)
- Stream (SOCK_STREAM)
The socket type is passed as a parameter to the socket() call. For
additional information, refer to Socket Types and general socket
programming concepts in Programming with Sockets.
A unique text string is used as a name. Refer to the discussion of
sun_path in the following section for additional details.
If a connect() socket call is received without an explicit bind(), an
implicit bind is automatically performed. In this case, the application
does not care about its own name and a unique Local IPC name is generated
by Network Services. You can retrieve the Local IPC name by using the
getsockname() call.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 4.2. Local IPC Address Format ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The Local IPC address format is comprised of the three fields in the following
sockaddr_un structure: length, address family, and the path name. The structure
is located in the <SYS\UN.H> header file:
struct sockaddr_un {
u_char sun_family; /* AF_OS2, AF_LOCAL, or AF_UNIX */
char sun_path[108]; /* path name */
};
The sun_family field is set to AF_OS2, AF_LOCAL, or AF_UNIX.
The sun_path field is the OS/2 Warp Connect file and path name to be used as
the address of the Local IPC socket. Each address is a combination of address
family (sun_family) and a character string (sun_path) containing no more than
108 characters. Each socket must use a unique character string as its local
name.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5. Sockets over NetBIOS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section discusses using sockets over the NetBIOS communication domain. In
this domain, each application assigns itself one or more NetBIOS names for each
adapter. The NetBIOS protocol maintains a table of the names that a node is
known by on the network. NetBIOS supports two types of names: unique and
group. When the name is unique, the application binds the name and NetBIOS
checks the network to ensure that the name is not already being used as a
unique name. When using group names, NetBIOS supports multicast by allowing
applications to bind to a group name and communicate.
This section includes:
Getting Started with Sockets Over NetBIOS
NetBIOS Address Format
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.1. Getting Started with Sockets Over NetBIOS ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
This section provides some basic information for getting started with sockets
over NetBIOS:
Use AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB for the protocol family.
Use AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB for the address family.
The following socket types are supported for the NetBIOS domain:
- Datagram (SOCK_DGRAM)
- Sequenced packet (SOCK_SEQPACKET)
- Stream packet (SOCK_STREAM)
The socket type is passed as a parameter to the socket() call. For
additional information, refer to Socket Types and general socket
programming concepts in Programming with Sockets.
If a connect() socket call is received without an explicit bind(), an
implicit bind is automatically performed. In this case, the application
does not care about its own name and a unique NetBIOS name is generated
by Network Services.
Applications using the NetBIOS communication domain can use sockets in
both a connection-oriented (sequenced packet) and connectionless
(datagram) mode. For additional information, refer to Connection Modes.
A NetBIOS application on one workstation can use sockets to communicate
with an NCB NetBIOS application on a different workstation.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 5.2. NetBIOS Address Format ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The NetBIOS address format is comprised of the six fields in the following
sockaddr_nb structure: length, address family, address type, a reserved field,
adapter number, and NetBIOS name. This structure is located in the <NETNB\NB.H>
header file:
struct sockaddr_nb {
u_char snb_family; /* AF_NetBIOS */
short snb_type; /* 0=>unique or 1=>multicast */
char snb_nbnetid[NB_NETIDLEN]; /* NetBIOS NetID */
unsigned short snb_adapter; /* adapter number */
char snb_name[NAMELEN]; /* NetBIOS name */
}
The snb_family field is set to AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB.
The address type field (snb_type) is used to specify the name as either a
unique (NB_UNIQUE) or a group (NB_GROUP) name.
The snb_adapter field contains the adapter number that the name is associated
with. The adapter number must be a numeric value in the range 0-255.
The snb_name field contains the 16-byte NetBIOS name.
If a connect() socket call is received without an explicit bind(), an implicit
bind is automatically performed. In this case, the application does not care
about its own name and is asking Network Services to select one for it. A
NetBIOS name is generated for this socket by converting the 6-byte MAC address
to an ASCII hexadecimal string, and is postpended with a 2-byte number that
increments after each use. You can retrieve the NetBIOS name by using the
getsockname() call.
Note that for the NetBIOS domain, more than one socket can be bound to the same
local address to establish multiple connections to one or more remote
destinations. To enable this feature, the socket option SO_REUSEADDR must be
set. See setsockopt(). In addition, you can bind more than one address to the
same adapter.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6. Protocol-Independent C Sockets API ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following table briefly describes each protocol-independent socket call
supported by MPTS and identifies the location in the book where you can find
the syntax, parameters, and other appropriate information. The socket calls
described in this section can be used to access services for all protocols:
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Γöé Table 9. Protocol-Independent Sockets API Quick Reference Γöé
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Γöé SOCKET CALL Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
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Γöé accept() Γöé Accepts a connection request Γöé
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Γöé bind() Γöé Binds a local name to the socket Γöé
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Γöé connect() Γöé Requests a connection to another socket Γöé
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Γöé getpeername()Γöé Gets the name of the peer connected to socket Γöé
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Γöé getsockname()Γöé Gets the local socket name Γöé
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Γöé getsockopt() Γöé Gets the socket options associated with a socket Γöé
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Γöé ioctl() Γöé Performs special operations on socket Γöé
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Γöé listen() Γöé Completes binding so that a socket can accept con- Γöé
Γöé Γöé nections and creates a connection request queue for Γöé
Γöé Γöé incoming requests Γöé
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Γöé psock_errno()Γöé Writes a short error message to the standard error Γöé
Γöé Γöé device Γöé
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Γöé readv() Γöé Receives data on a socket into a set of buffers Γöé
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Γöé recv() Γöé Receives data on a connected socket Γöé
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Γöé recvfrom() Γöé Receives data on a socket Γöé
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Γöé recvmsg() Γöé Receives data and control information on a socket Γöé
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Γöé select() Γöé Gets read, write, and exception status on a group of Γöé
Γöé Γöé sockets Γöé
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Γöé send() Γöé send() Γöé
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Γöé sendmsg() Γöé Sends data and control information on a socket Γöé
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Γöé sendto() Γöé Sends data on a socket Γöé
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Γöé setsockopt() Γöé Sets options associated with a socket Γöé
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Γöé shutdown() Γöé Shuts down all or part of a full duplex connection Γöé
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Γöé sock_errno() Γöé Returns error code set by a socket call Γöé
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Γöé socket() Γöé Creates an endpoint for communication and returns a Γöé
Γöé Γöé socket descriptor Γöé
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Γöé soclose() Γöé Shuts down a socket and frees resources allocated to Γöé
Γöé Γöé the socket Γöé
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Γöé writev() Γöé Writes data from a set of specified buffers on a Γöé
Γöé Γöé socket Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
Note: If you are using the internet communications domain (PF_INET protocol
family), you can use all APIs in the previous table and those in section TCP/IP
Network Utility Routines. All other communication domains can only use those
APIs listed in the previous table.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.1. accept() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Accepts a connection request from a remote host.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
#include <netnb\nb.h>
#include <sys\un.h>
int accept(s, name, namelen)
int s;
struct sockaddr *name;
int *namelen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
name Pointer to a sockaddr structure that contains the socket
address of the connection client when the accept() call
returns. The format of name is determined by the communications
domain where the client resides. This parameter can be NULL if
the caller is not interested in the client address.
namelen Must initially point to an integer that contains the size in
bytes of the storage pointed to by name. On return, that
integer contains the size of the data returned in the storage
pointed to by name. If name is NULL, namelen is ignored and can
be NULL.
Description: This call is used by a server acting in a connection-oriented
mode to accept a connection request from a client. The call accepts the first
connection on its queue of pending connection requests. The accept() call
creates a new socket descriptor with the same properties as s and returns it
to the caller. The new socket descriptor cannot be used to accept new
connections. The original socket, s, remains available to accept more
connection requests.
If the queue has no pending connection requests, accept() blocks the caller
unless s is in nonblocking mode. If no connection requests are queued and s
is in nonblocking mode, accept() returns -1 and sets the return code to
SOCEWOULDBLOCK.
The s parameter must be a socket descriptor created with the socket() call.
It is usually bound to an address with the bind() call and must be made
capable of accepting connections with the listen() call. The listen() call
marks the socket as one that accepts connections and allocates a queue to hold
pending connection requests. The listen() call allows the caller to place an
upper boundary on the size of the queue.
The name parameter is a pointer to a sockaddr structure where the connection
requester address is placed. The name parameter is optional and can be set to
be the NULL pointer. If set to NULL, the requester address is not copied into
the sockaddr structure. The exact format of name depends on the communications
domain where the communication request originated. For example, if the
connection request originated in the internet domain, name points to a
sockaddr_in structure as defined in the header file <NETINET\IN.H>.
The namelen parameter is used only if name is not NULL. Before calling
accept(), you must set the integer pointed to by namelen to the size, in
bytes, of the sockaddr structure pointed to by name. On successful return, the
integer pointed to by namelen contains the actual number of bytes copied into
the sockaddr structure. If the sockaddr structure is not large enough to hold
the address, up to namelen bytes of the requester address are copied.
This call is used only with SOCK_STREAM or SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets. You cannot
screen requesters without calling accept(). The application cannot tell the
Network Services software which requesters to accept connections from. The
caller can, however, choose to close a connection immediately after
discovering the identity of the requester.
The select() call can be used to check the socket for incoming connection
requests.
Return and sock_errno() Values: A non-negative socket descriptor indicates
success; the return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific
error code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using name and namelen results in an attempt
to copy the address into a portion of the
caller address space where information cannot
be written.
SOCEINVAL Listen() was not called for socket s.
SOCENOBUFS Insufficient buffer space is available to
create the new socket.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEOPNOTSUPP The s parameter is not connection-oriented.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and no
connections are on the queue.
Examples: The following are two examples of the accept() call. In the first,
the caller wants to have the requester address returned. In the second, the
caller does not want to have the requester address returned.
int clientsocket;
int s;
struct sockaddr clientaddress;
int addrlen;
int accept(int s, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
/* socket(), bind(), and listen() have been called */
/* EXAMPLE 1: I want the address now */
addrlen = sizeof(clientaddress);
clientsocket = accept(s, &clientaddress, &addrlen);
/* EXAMPLE 2: I can get the address later using getpeername() */
clientsocket = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *) 0, (int *) 0);
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.2. bind() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Binds a local name to the socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int bind(s, name, namelen)
int s;
struct sockaddr *name;
int namelen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor returned by a previous call to socket().
name Pointer to a sockaddr structure containing the name that is to
be bound to s.
namelen Size in bytes of the sockaddr structure pointed to by name.
Description: This call binds a unique local name to the socket with
descriptor s. After calling socket(), a descriptor does not have a name
associated with it. However, it does belong to a particular protocol family
as specified when socket() is called. The exact format of a name depends on
the protocol family. The bind() procedure also allows servers to specify the
network interfaces the program wants to receive data from.
The format of name is determined by the domain where communication occurs. If
the caller is not interested in its own address, set the protocol-dependent
fields within the sockaddr structure to NULL and Network Services assigns an
address for it. This enables data to be received from any address, sometimes
referred to as wildcard addressing. Data cannot be received from any address
using raw sockets.
In the internet domain, set sin_port in the sockaddr_in structure to a
specific port or to 0, which indicates that Network Services should select
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCEADDRINUSE The address is already in use. See the
SO_REUSEADDR option described under
getsockopt() and the SO_REUSEADDR option
described under setsockopt().
SOCEADDRNOTAVAIL The address specified is not valid on this
host. For example, the internet address
does not specify a valid network interface.
SOCEAFNOSUPPORT The address family is not supported.
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using name and namelen results in an attempt
to read from a non-readable portion of the
application address space.
SOCEINVAL The socket is already bound to an address,
or namelen is not the expected length.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
Examples:
Note the following about the bind() call examples:
For the internet examples, put the internet address and port in
network-byte order. To put the port into network-byte order, use the
htons() utility routine to convert a short integer from host-byte order
to network-byte order.
For the internet examples, set the address field using the inet_addr()
utility routine, which takes a character string representing the
dotted-decimal address of an interface and returns the binary internet
address representation in network-byte order.
Zero the structure before using it to ensure that the name requested does
not set any reserved fields.
See connect() for examples of how a client can connect to servers.
int rc;
int s;
struct sockaddr_in myname;
int bind(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int namelen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
/* Bind to a specific interface in the internet domain */
/* clear the structure */
memset(&myname, 0, sizeof(myname));
myname.sin_family = AF_INET;
myname.sin_addr = inet_addr("129.5.24.1"); /* specific interface */
myname.sin_port = htons(1024);
.
.
.
rc = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &myname, sizeof(myname));
/* Bind to all internet network interfaces on the system */
/* clear the structure */
memset(&myname, 0, sizeof(myname));
myname.sin_family = AF_INET;
myname.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; /* all interfaces */
myname.sin_port = htons(1024);
.
.
.
rc = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &myname, sizeof(myname));
/* Bind to a specific interface in the internet domain.
Let Network Services choose a port */
/* clear the structure */
memset(&myname, 0, sizeof(myname));
myname.sin_family = AF_INET;
myname.sin_addr = inet_addr("129.5.24.1"); /* specific interface */
myname.sin_port = 0;
.
.
.
rc = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &myname, sizeof(myname));
/* Bind to a unique NetBIOS name on adapter 0 */
struct sockaddr_nb nbname;
memset(&nbname, 0, sizeof(nbname));
nbname.snb_family = AF_NB;
nbname.snb_type = NB_UNIQUE;
nbname.snb.netid[b]=0;
nbname.snb_adapter = 0;
strcpy(nbname.snb_name, "NBSERVER"); /* Note that a NetBIOS name is
16 bytes long. In this example,
the last 8 bytes are filled
with zeros. */
.
.
.
rc = bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &nbname, sizeof(nbname));
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.3. connect() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Requests a connection to another socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int connect(s, name, namelen)
int s;
struct sockaddr *name;
int namelen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor used to originate the connection request.
name Pointer to a sockaddr structure containing the address of the
socket to which a connection is attempted.
namelen Size in bytes of the sockaddr structure pointed to by name.
Description:
Stream or sequenced packet sockets: The connect() call performs two tasks when
called for a stream or sequenced packet socket: 1) it completes the binding
if necessary for a socket, and 2) it attempts to create a connection between
two sockets.
This call is used by the client side of socket-based applications to establish
a connection with a server. The server must have a passive open pending. This
means the server must successfully call bind() and listen(). Otherwise,
connect() returns -1 and the error value is set to SOCECONNREFUSED.
In the internet communication domain, a timeout occurs if a connection to the
remote host is not successful within 75 seconds (1 minute and 15 seconds).
There is no timeout for Local IPC. In the NetBIOS communication domain, a
timeout occurs if a connection to the host is not successful within the time
defined by the NetBIOS protocol parameters Transmit Timer multiplied by
Transmit Retry.
If s is in blocking mode, the connect() call blocks the caller until the
connection is established or until an error is received. If the socket is in
nonblocking mode and the connection was successfully initiated, connect()
returns -1 and sets the error value to SOCEINPROGRESS. The caller can test the
completion of the connection setup by calling: 1) select() to test for the
ability to write to the socket, and 2) getsockopt() with option SO_ERROR to
test if the connection succeeded.
Stream or sequenced packet sockets can call connect() only once. Even if the
connection attempt fails, you must use soclose() to close the socket and use
socket() to create a new socket before trying to connect again.
Datagram or raw sockets: The connect() call specifies the destination peer
address when called for a datagram or raw socket. Normally, datagram and raw
sockets use connectionless data transfer calls such as sendto() and
recvfrom(). However, applications can call connect() to specify and store the
destination peer address for this socket. This identifies which address to
send data to on this socket. This method of communication allows datagram and
raw sockets to be connected. However, data is still not guaranteed to be
delivered. Thus, the normal characteristics of connectionless mode sockets is
maintained. The address is remembered until another connect() call is made.
This permits the use of readv(), recv(), send(), and writev(), which are
usually reserved for connection-oriented sockets. The application can still
use sendto(), recvfrom(), sendmsg(), and recvmsg(). The advantage of calling
connect() and being connected is that the destination peer address does not
have to be specified for all datagrams sent. Also, when a datagram socket is
connected, only datagrams from the connected peer are delivered to the socket.
Datagram and raw sockets can call connect() multiple times. The application
can reset their destination address by specifying a new address on the
connect() call. In addition, the socket can be returned to operate in a
connectionless mode by calling connect() with a null destination address. The
null address is created by zeroing the sockaddr structure and setting only the
address family field. The call to connect returns -1, indicating that the
connection to the null address cannot be established. Calling sock_errno()
returns SOCEADDRNOTAVAIL. For more information on connecting datagram sockets,
see "Description" for sendto().
Examples:
Note the following about these connect() call examples:
For the internet examples, put the internet address and port in
network-byte order. To put the port into network-byte order, use the
htons() utility routine to convert a short integer from host-byte order
to network-byte order.
For the internet examples, set the address field using the inet_addr()
utility routine, which takes a character string representing the
dotted-decimal address of an interface and returns the binary internet
address representation in network-byte order.
To ensure that the name requested does not set any reserved fields, zero
the structure before using it .
These examples could be used to connect to the servers shown in the examples
listed for bind().
int s;
struct sockaddr_in servername;
int rc;
int connect(int s, struct sockaddr *name, int namelen); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
/* Connect to server bound to a specific interface in the internet domain */
/* clear the structure */
memset(&servername, 0, sizeof(servername));
servername.sin_family = AF_INET;
servername.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("129.5.24.1"); /* specific interface */
servername.sin_port = htons(1024); /* set to the port to which */
/* the server is bound */
.
.
.
rc = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *) &servername, sizeof(servername));
/* Connect to a NetBIOS server */
struct sockaddr_nb nbservername;
memset(&nbservername, 0, sizeof(nbservername));
nbservername.snb_family = AF_NB;
nbservername.snb_type = NB_UNIQUE;
nbname.snb_nbnetID[0]v= "0";
strcpy(nbservername.snb_name, "NBSERVER");
.
.
.
rc = connect(s, (struct sockaddr *) &nbservername, sizeof(nbservername));
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCEADDRNOTAVAIL The calling host attempted to connect to
port 0, or no local address exists for the
connecting socket to be implicitly bound to
at the time of the connect.
SOCEAFNOSUPPORT The address family is not supported.
SOCEALREADY The socket s is marked nonblocking, and a
previous connection attempt has not
completed.
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCECONNREFUSED The connection request was rejected by the
destination host. This error code implies
that the connection request was received at
the destination host but a socket bound to
the destination port does not exist.
SOCEFAULT Using name and namelen results in an attempt
to read from a non-readable portion of the
application address space.
SOCEINPROGRESS The socket s is marked nonblocking, and the
connection cannot be completed immediately.
The SOCEINPROGRESS value does not indicate
an error condition.
SOCEINVAL The namelen parameter is not a valid length.
For a stream socket, a previous connection
was refused or received SOCEALREADY and then
failed.
SOCEISCONN The socket s is already connected.
SOCENETUNREACH The network cannot be reached from this
host.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCETIMEDOUT The connection establishment timed out
before a connection was made. This error
code usually implies that the connection
request is not reaching the destination (or
the destination's reply is not reaching the
requester). This error is also returned if
the connection request does reach the
destination, and a socket is bound to the
specified destination port, but listen() has
not been issued for that socket.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.4. getpeername() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Gets the name of the peer connected to socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int getpeername(s, name, namelen)
int s;
struct sockaddr *name;
int *namelen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
name Pointer to a sockaddr structure. The name of the peer
connected to socket s is returned. The exact format of name is
determined by the domain where communication occurs.
namelen Pointer to the size in bytes of the sockaddr structure pointed
to by name.
Description: This call returns the name of the peer connected to socket s.
The namelen parameter must be initialized to indicate the size of the space
pointed to by name. On return, namelen is set to the size of the peer name
copied. If the sockaddr structure is too small, the peer name is truncated.
This call operates only on connected sockets.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using the name and namelen parameters as
specified results in an attempt to access
storage outside of the address space of the
caller.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.5. getsockname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Gets the local socket name.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int getsockname(s, name, namelen)
int s;
struct sockaddr *name;
int *namelen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
name Pointer to a sockaddr structure. The name of s is returned.
namelen Pointer to the size in bytes of the sockaddr structure pointed
to by name.
Description: This call returns the name for the socket specified by the s
parameter in the structure pointed to by the name parameter. It returns the
address to the socket that has been bound. If the socket is not bound to an
address, the call returns with the family set and the rest of the structure is
set to zero. For example, an unbound socket in the internet domain causes the
name to point to a sockaddr_in structure with the sin_family field set to
AF_INET and all other fields zeroed.
The namelen parameter must be initialized to indicate the size of the space
pointed to by name and is set to the size of the local name copied. If the
sockaddr structure is too small, the local name is truncated.
Sockets are explicitly assigned a name after a successful call to bind().
Stream and sequenced packet sockets are implicitly assigned a name after a
successful call to connect() or accept() if bind() was not called.
The getsockname() call is often used to discover the port assigned to a socket
after the socket has been implicitly bound to a port. For example, an
application can call connect() without previously calling bind(). In this
case, the connect() call completes the binding necessary by assigning a port
to the socket.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using the name and namelen parameters as specified
results in an attempt to access storage outside of
the address space of the caller.
SOCEINVAL The socket received an error, such as a timed out
connect.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket descriptor.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.6. getsockopt() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Gets the socket options associated with a socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int getsockopt(s, level, optname, optval, optlen)
int s;
int level;
int optname;
char *optval;
int *optlen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
level Specifies which option level is being queried for the specified
optname.
optname Name of a specified socket option. Only one option can be
specified on a call.
optval Pointer to buffer to receive the option data requested.
optlen Pointer to the size of the buffer.
Description: This call returns the value of a socket option at the socket or
protocol level. It can be called for sockets of all domain types. Some options
are supported only for specific socket types. You must specify the level of
the option and the name of the option to retrieve option values. The following
table lists the supported levels.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 10. Supported Levels Γöé
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Γöé SUPPORTED LEVEL Γöé #DEFINE IN Γöé
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Γöé SOL_SOCKET Γöé <SYS\SOCKET.H> Γöé
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Γöé IPPROTO_IP Γöé <NETINET\IN.H> Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé IPPROTO_TCP Γöé <NETINET\IN.H> Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NBPROTO_NB Γöé <NETNB\NB.H> Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The optval parameter is a pointer to the buffer where the option values are
returned. The optlen parameter must be initially set to the size of the buffer
before calling getsockopt(). On return, the optlen parameter is set to the
actual size of the data returned. For socket options that are boolean, the
option is enabled if optval is nonzero and disabled if optval is 0.
The following tables list the supported options for getsockopt() at each level
(SOL_SOCKET, IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_TCP, NBPROTO_NB). Detailed descriptions of
the options follow each table.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 11. Supported getsockopt() Socket Options for SOL_SOCKET Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Γöé DOMAINS Γöé DATA Γöé BOOLEAN Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé * Γöé TYPE Γöé OR VALUE Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_BROADCAST Γöé allows sending of broad- Γöé I, N Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé cast messages Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_DEBUG Γöé turns on recording of Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé debugging information Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_DONTROUTE Γöé bypasses routing tables Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_ERROR Γöé gets any pending error and Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé clear Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_KEEPALIVE Γöé keeps connections alive Γöé I Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_LINGER Γöé lingers on close if data Γöé I Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé present Γöé Γöé linger Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_OOBINLINE Γöé leaves received OOB data Γöé I Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé in-line Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_RCVBUF Γöé receives buffer size Γöé I, L, N Γöé long Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_RCVLOWAT Γöé receives low-water mark Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_RCVTIMEO Γöé receives timeout Γöé I, L, N Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé timevalΓöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_REUSEADDR Γöé allows local address reuse Γöé I, N Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_REUSEPORT Γöé allows socket to reuse a Γöé I Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé local address and local Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé port Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_SNDBUF Γöé sends buffer size Γöé I, L, N Γöé long Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_SNDLOWAT Γöé sends low-water mark Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_SNDTIMEO Γöé sends timeout Γöé I, L, N Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé timevalΓöé Γöé
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Γöé SO_TYPE Γöé gets socket type Γöé I, L, N Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
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Γöé NOTE: * This column specifies I for internet, L for Local IPC, and N for Γöé
Γöé NetBIOS communication domains. Γöé
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The following options are recognized for option level SOL_SOCKET:
Option Description
SO_BROADCAST (datagram sockets only) Retrieves the current
ability of the socket to broadcast messages.
If this option is enabled, it allows the
application to send broadcast messages over s,
if the interface specified in the destination
supports broadcasting of packets.
SO_DEBUG Retrieves the current ability for recording
debug information for a socket.
SO_DONTROUTE Retrieves the current ability for the socket
to bypass routing. When this option is
enabled, it causes outgoing messages to bypass
the standard routing algorithm and be directed
to the appropriate network interface,
according to the network portion of the
destination address. When enabled, packets can
be sent to directly connected networks
(networks this host has an interface for)
only.
SO_ERROR Returns any pending error on the socket and
clears the error status. It can be used to
check for asynchronous errors on connected
datagram sockets or for other asynchronous
errors (errors that are not returned
explicitly by one of the socket calls).
SO_KEEPALIVE (stream sockets only) Retrieves the current
ability of the socket to send keepalive
packets. TCP uses a timer called the keepalive
timer. This timer is used to monitor idle
connections that may have been disconnected
because of a peer crash or timeout. If this
option is set to ON, a keepalive packet is
periodically sent to the peer. This is mainly
used to allow servers to close connections
that are no longer active as a result of
clients going away without properly closing
connections.
SO_LINGER (stream sockets only) Retrieves the current
ability of the socket to linger on close. When
this option is enabled, and data is present in
the socket's send buffer when soclose() is
called, the calling application is blocked in
soclose() until the data is transmitted or
until the linger timeout expires. If the
linger timeout expires, the unsent data is
discarded, the connection is reset, and
soclose() returns -1 with an error value of
SOCEWOULDBLOCK. Even though soclose()
returned an error, the socket is closed (no
further calls can be made for the socket).
Note that a linger timeout of zero results in
no lingering if unsent data exists. A timeout
of zero expires immediately when the call is
issued, resulting in discarding any unsent
data and resetting the connection.
When this option is disabled (the default),
soclose() does not block when unsent data is
present at the time of the call. Rather, the
soclose() completes immediately and TCP
continues to attempt to send the remaining
data before closing the connection. The
application has no guarantee that the data is
sent, because errors encountered on the
connection after the socket is closed cannot
be reported to the application.
SO_OOBINLINE (stream sockets only) Retrieves the current
ability of the socket to receive out-of-band
data. When this option is enabled, it causes
out-of-band data to be placed in the normal
data input queue as it is received, making it
available to recv(), and recvfrom() without
having to specify the MSG_OOB flag in those
calls. When this option is disabled, it
causes out-of-band data to be placed in the
priority data input queue as it is received,
making it available to recv(), and recvfrom(),
only by specifying the MSG_OOB flag in those
calls.
SO_RCVBUF Retrieves buffer size for input. This value
tailors the receive buffer size for specific
application needs, such as increasing the
buffer size for high-volume connections.
SO_RCVLOWAT Retrieves receive low-water mark that controls
when a recv() call returns when less data is
available than the recv() call is requesting.
If at least SO_RCVLOWAT bytes are available,
then the recv() call returns those bytes. The
default is 1 for both stream and datagram
sockets.
SO_RCVTIMEO Retrieves receive timeout information. This
value limits the length of a blocking receive
call. This value is ignored for non-blocking
calls.
SO_REUSEADDR (stream and datagram sockets only) Retrieves
the current ability of the socket to reuse
local addresses. When enabled, this option
allows local addresses that are already in use
to be bound. This alters the normal algorithm
used in the bind() call. At connect time,
Network Services checks to be sure that no
local address and port have the same foreign
address and port. The error SOCEADDRINUSE is
returned if the association already exists.
SO_REUSEPORT Retrieves the current ability of the socket to
reuse a local address and local port.
SO_SNDBUF Retrieves the size of the send buffer. This
value tailors the send buffer size for
specific application needs, such as increasing
the buffer size for high-volume connections.
SO_SNDLOWAT Retrieves send low-water mark that influences
socket flow control operations. SO_SNDLOWAT
is used for stream sockets, but not datagram
sockets. During a send operation, if the
socket code must wait for space to be
available in the send buffer before sending
data, the socket waits for at least
SO_SNDLOWAT bytes to be available in the send
buffer before sending the data. The default
value is the size of a cluster mbuf.
SO_SNDTIMEO Retrieves send timeout information. This value
limits the length of a blocking send call.
This value is ignored for non-blocking calls.
SO_TYPE Returns the type of the socket. On return,
the integer pointed to by optval is set to one
of the following: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET,
SOCK_DGRAM, or SOCK_RAW.
struct linger: For the SO_LINGER option, optval points to a linger structure.
This structure is defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> file and contains the
following fields:
Field Description
l_onoff Option on/off
l_linger Linger time
The l_onoff field is set to zero if the SO_LINGER option is being disabled. A
nonzero value enables the option.
The l_linger field specifies the amount of time in seconds to linger on close.
A value of zero causes an abnormal close. TCP discards any data still queued
to be sent on the connection and sends a reset to the peer. The peer sees
this as an abnormal close when it gets an error on an outstanding receive.
struct timeval: For the SO_RCVTIMEO and SO_SNDTIMEO options, optval points to
a timeval structure. This structure is defined in the <SYS\TIME.H> file and
contains the following fields:
Field Description
tv_sec Number of seconds
tv_usec Number of microseconds
For the internet domain, the finest resolution is milliseconds, thus the
tv_usec field is converted. In this conversion, anything less than a
millisecond is truncated. For example, if you call setsockopt() to set
tv_usec to 31, the next getsockopt() call returns a 0 for tv_usec. If you
call setsockopt() to set tv_usec to 1031, the next getsockopt() returns 1000.
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Γöé Table 12. Supported getsockopt() Socket Options for IPPROTO_IP Γöé
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Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé BOOLEANΓöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé DATA Γöé OR Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé TYPE Γöé VALUE Γöé
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Γöé IP_MULTICAST_IF Γöé provides the default interface Γöé structΓöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé for outgoing multicasts Γöé in_addΓöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_MULTICAST_LOOP Γöé causes a loopback of outgoing Γöé uchar Γöé booleanΓöé
Γöé Γöé multicast Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_MULTICAST_TTL Γöé provides default TTL for out- Γöé uchar Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé going multicast Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_OPTIONS Γöé provides options in IP header Γöé void Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé to be included in outgoing Γöé * Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé datagrams Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_RECVDSTADDR Γöé allows queueing of IP destina- Γöé int Γöé booleanΓöé
Γöé Γöé tion address Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_TOS Γöé gives type of service for out- Γöé int Γöé booleanΓöé
Γöé Γöé going datagrams Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_TTL Γöé gives time to live for out- Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé going datagrams Γöé Γöé Γöé
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The following options are recognized for option level IPPROTO_IP and are
supported for the internet communication domain only.
Option Description
IP_MULTICAST_IF Retrieves the default interface for outgoing
multicasts. Normally this is the interface
selected for an outgoing interface based on
the destination. This default can be
overridden by specifying the IP address of the
outgoing interface.
IP_MULTICAST_LOOP Retrieves the value of the loopback setting
for outgoing multicasts. If this value is 0,
packets are not looped back and delivered to
the transmitting interface, even if the
interface is a member of the multicasting
group. If this value is 1, packets are looped
back if the interface is a member of the
multicasting group. The default value is 1.
IP_MULTICAST_TTL Retrieves the default TTL for outgoing
multicasts. The default is 1, which causes
multicast datagrams to remain on the local
network. This value is also used by multicast
routers to have a threshold policy to drop
multicast packets. Packets can be dropped by a
router even though its TTL is not 0.
IP_OPTIONS Retrieves the options in the IP header that
are included in outgoing datagrams.
IP_RECVDSTADDR (datagram sockets only) Retrieves if IP
destination address is passed on the recvmsg()
call is enabled or disabled. The IP
destination is passed pack in the msg_control
parameter, if the msg_controllen parameter is
less than 4 bytes, the flags indicate the
control information was truncated.
IP_TOS Retrieves the type of service (TOS) used in
outgoing datagram and stream packets.
IP_TTL Retrieves the time to live (TTL) for outgoing
unicast packets. A TTL value of 1 prevents
packets from being routed to other networks.
Raw sockets default to the maximum of 255,
datagram and stream sockets default to 64.
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Γöé Table 13. Supported getsockopt() Socket Options for IPPROTO_TCP Γöé
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Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé BOOLEANΓöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé DATA Γöé OR Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé TYPE Γöé VALUE Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé TCP_MAXSEG Γöé gets TCP maximum segment size Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé after a connection is estab- Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé lished Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé TCP_NODELAY Γöé indicates that the send to Γöé int Γöé booleanΓöé
Γöé Γöé coalesce packets should not be Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé delayed Γöé Γöé Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The following options are recognized for option level IPPROTO_TCP and are
supported for the internet communication domain only.
Option Description
TCP_MAXSEG Retrieves the TCP maximum segment size after a
connection is established.
TCP_NODELAY (stream sockets only) Retrieves the current
ability of the socket to disable the small
packet avoidance algorithm so that the
client's TCP sends small packets as soon as
possible. This option may provide a
performance improvement for some applications
on a LAN, but can degrade performance on Wide
Area Networks (WAN).
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 14. Supported getsockopt() Socket Options for NBPROTO_NB Γöé
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Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé BOOLEANΓöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé DATA Γöé OR Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé TYPE Γöé VALUE Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NB_DGRAM_TYPE Γöé type of datagrams to receive Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The following option is recognized for option level NBPROTO_NBP and is
supported for the NetBIOS communication domain only.
Option Description
NB_DGRAM_TYPE (datagram sockets only) Gets type of datagrams
to be received on the socket. The possible
values are:
NB_DGRAM The socket is to
receive normal
(unicast)
datagrams only.
NB_BROADCAST The socket is to
receive broadcast
datagrams only.
NB_DGRAM_ANY The socket can
receive both
normal or
broadcast
datagrams.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using optval and optlen parameters results in
an attempt to access memory outside the caller
address space.
SOCEINVAL The level parameter is not recognized.
SOCENOPROTOOPT The optname parameter is not recognized.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
Examples: The following are examples of the getsockopt() call. See
setsockopt() for examples of how setsockopt() sets the socket options.
int rc;
int s;
int optval;
int optlen;
struct linger lstruct;
int getsockopt(int s, int level, int optname, char *optval, int *optlen);
/* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
/* Is out of band data in the normal input queue? */
optlen = sizeof(int);
rc = getsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OOBINLINE, (char *) &optval, &optlen);
if (rc == 0)
{
if (optlen == sizeof(int))
{
if (optval)
/* yes it is in the normal queue */
else
/* no it is not */
}
}
.
.
.
/* Do I linger on close? */
optlen = sizeof(lstruct);
rc = getsockopt( s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (char *) &lstruct, &optlen);
if (rc == 0)
{
if (optlen == sizeof(lstruct))
{
if (lstruct.l_onoff)
/* yes I linger */
else
/* no I do not */
}
}
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.7. ioctl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Performs special operations on socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
#include <sys\ioctl.h>
#include <net\route.h>
#include <net\if.h>
#include <net\if_arp.h>
int ioctl(s, cmd, data, lendata)
int s;
int cmd;
caddr_t data;
int lendata;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor
cmd Command to perform
data Pointer to the data associated with cmd
lendata Length of the data in bytes
Description: This call controls the operating characteristics of sockets. The
data parameter is a pointer to data associated with the particular command,
and its format depends on the command that is requested.
Internet: The following ioctl commands are supported for the internet domain:
Command Description
FIOASYNC This command has no affect.
FIONBIO Sets or clears nonblocking input/output for a
socket. When this option is set, input/output
calls do not block until the call is completed.
The data parameter is a pointer to an integer.
If the integer is 0, nonblocking input/output
on the socket is cleared. Otherwise, the socket
is set for nonblocking input/output.
FIONREAD Gets the number of immediately readable bytes
for the socket, and returns this value in an
integer pointed to by the data parameter.
SIOCATMARK Queries whether the current location in the
data input is pointing to out-of-band data, and
returns this value in an integer pointed to by
the data parameter. An integer value of 1
indicates the socket points to a mark in the
data stream for out-of-band data. Otherwise,
the integer value is 0.
SIOCGIFADDR Gets the network interface address, and returns
this value in an ifreq structure pointed to by
the data parameter.
SIOCGIFBRDADDR Gets the network interface broadcast address,
and returns this value in an ifreq structure
pointed to by the data parameter.
SIOCGIFCONF Gets the network interface configuration, and
returns this value in an ifconf structure
pointed to by the data parameter.
SIOCGIFDSTADDR (stream sockets only) Gets the network
interface destination address, and returns this
value in an ifreq structure pointed to by the
data parameter.
SIOCGIFFLAGS Gets the network interface flags, and returns
these values in an ifreq structure pointed to
by the data parameter.
SIOCGIFMETRIC (stream sockets only) Gets the network
interface routing metric, and returns this
value in an ifreq structure pointed to by the
data parameter.
SIOCGIFNETMASK Gets the network interface network mask, and
returns this value in an ifreq structure
pointed to by the data parameter.
SIOCSIFADDR (stream sockets only) Sets the network
interface address to the value passed in an
ifreq structure pointed to by the data
parameter.
SIOCSIFBRDADDR (stream sockets only) Sets the network
interface broadcast address to the value passed
in an ifreq structure pointed to by the data
parameter.
SIOCSIFDSTADDR (stream sockets only) Sets the network
interface destination address to the value
passed in an ifreq structure pointed to by the
data parameter.
NetBIOS: The following ioctl commands are supported for the NetBIOS domain:
Command Description
FIONBIO Sets or clears nonblocking input/output for a
socket. When this option is set, input/output
calls do not block until the call is completed.
The data parameter is a pointer to an integer.
If the integer is 0, nonblocking input/output
on the socket is cleared. Otherwise, the socket
is set for nonblocking input/output.
Local IPC: The following ioctl commands are supported for the Local IPC
domain:
Command Description
FIONBIO Sets or clears nonblocking input/output for a
socket. When this option is set, input/output
calls do not block until the call is completed.
The data parameter is a pointer to an integer.
If the integer is 0, nonblocking input/output
on the socket is cleared. Otherwise, the socket
is set for nonblocking input/output.
struct ifreq: The ifreq structure is defined in the <NET\IF.H> header file.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using data and lendata results in an attempt to
access memory outside the caller address space.
SOCEINVAL The request is not valid or not supported.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCENXIO No such device or address. Possibly trying to
get interface information on the wrong device.
SOCEOPNOTSUPP The operation is not supported on the socket.
Example: The following is an example of the ioctl() call.
int s;
int dontblock;
int rc;
int ioctl(int s, int cmd, caddr_t data, int lendata); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
/* Place the socket into nonblocking mode */
dontblock = 1;
rc = ioctl(s, FIONBIO, (char *) &dontblock, sizeof(dontblock));
.
.
.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.8. listen() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Completes the binding necessary for a socket to accept connections and creates
a connection request queue for incoming requests.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int listen(s, backlog)
int s;
int backlog;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
backlog Specifies the maximum limit of pending connections that can be
queued on this socket.
Description:
The listen() call performs two tasks: completes the binding necessary for a
socket s, if bind() has not been called for s and creates a connection request
queue of length backlog to queue incoming connection requests. When the queue
is full, additional connection requests are ignored.
The listen() call indicates a readiness to accept client connection requests.
It transforms an active socket into a passive socket. After listen() is
called, s can never be used as an active socket to initiate connection
requests. Listen() is called after allocating a socket with socket() and after
binding a name to s with bind(). Listen() must be called before calling
ACCEPT().
Listen() can be called on stream and sequenced packet sockets only.
If the backlog parameter is less than 0, listen() interprets backlog as 0. If
the backlog parameter is greater than SOMAXCONN, as defined in the
<SYS\SOCKET.H> header file, listen() interprets backlog as SOMAXCONN.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEOPNOTSUPP The s parameter is not a socket descriptor that
supports the listen() call.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.9. psock_errno() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Writes a short error message to the standard error device.
#include <nerrno.h>
void psock_errno(s)
char *s;
Parameter Description
s Pointer to a buffer
Description: This call writes a short error message to the standard error
display describing the last error encountered during a call to a socket
library function on this thread. If s is not a NULL pointer and does not point
to a null string, the string it points to is printed, followed by a colon,
followed by a space, followed by the message. If s is a NULL pointer or
points to a null string, only the message is printed.
You can get the specific error code by calling sock_errno(). The error code
is set when errors occur. Subsequent socket calls do not clear the error
code.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.10. readv() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Receives data on a socket into a set of buffers.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int readv(s, iov, iovcnt)
int s;
struct iovec *iov;
int iovcnt;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
iov Pointer to an array of iovec structures.
iovcnt Number of iovec structures pointed to by the iov parameter. The
maximum number of iovec structures is 32.
Description: This call reads data on a socket with descriptor s and stores it
in a set of buffers. The data is scattered into the buffers specified by
iov[0]...iov[iovcnt-1]. The iovec structure is defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H>
header file and contains the following fields:
Field Description
iov_base Points to the buffer
iov_len Length of the buffer
The readv() call applies to connected sockets only. For information on how to
use readv() with datagram and raw sockets, see "Datagram or raw sockets"..
This call returns up to the number of bytes in the buffers pointed to by the
iov parameter. This number is the sum of all iov_len fields. If less than the
number of bytes requested is available, the call returns the number currently
available. If data is not available at the socket with descriptor s, the
readv() call waits for data to arrive and blocks the caller, unless the socket
is in nonblocking mode. See ioctl() for a description of how to set
nonblocking mode.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the number
of bytes read into the buffers. The return value -1 indicates an error. You
can get the specific error code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using iov and iovcnt results in an attempt to
access memory outside the caller address
space.
SOCEINVAL iovcnt was not valid, or one of the fields in
the iov array was not valid.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and no
data is available to read, OR the SO_RCVTIMEO
option has been set for socket s and the
timeout expired before any data arrived to
read.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.11. recv() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Receives data on a connected socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int recv(s, buf, len, flags)
int s;
char *buf;
int len;
int flags;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
buf Pointer to the buffer that receives the data.
len Length of the buffer in bytes pointed to by the buf parameter.
flags Set by specifying one or more of the following flags. If you
specify more than one flag, use the logical OR operator (|) to
separate them. Setting this parameter is supported for sockets
in the internet domain only.
MSG_OOB Reads any out-of-band data on the socket.
MSG_PEEK Peeks at the data present on the socket; the
data is returned but not consumed, so that a
subsequent receive operation returns the same
data.
Description: This call receives data on a socket with descriptor s and stores
it in the buffer pointed to by buf. The recv() call applies to connected
sockets only. For information on how to use recv() with datagram and raw
sockets, see "Datagram or raw sockets"..
The recv() call returns the length of the incoming data. If a datagram is too
long to fit in the buffer, the excess is discarded. No data is discarded for
stream sockets. If data is not available at the socket with descriptor s, the
recv() call waits for a message to arrive and blocks the caller, unless the
socket is in nonblocking mode. See ioctl() for a description of how to set
nonblocking mode.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the length
of the data, in bytes. The return value 0 indicates that the connection is
closed. The return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error
code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using the buf and len parameters results in an
attempt to access memory outside the caller
address space.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and no
data is available to receive, or the
SO_RCVTIMEO option has been set for socket s
and the timeout expired before any data arrived
to receive.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.12. recvfrom() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Receives data on a socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int recvfrom(s, buf, len, flags, name, namelen)
int s;
char *buf;
int len;
int flags;
struct sockaddr *name;
int *namelen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
buf Pointer to the buffer that receives the data.
len Length of the buffer in bytes pointed to by the buf parameter.
flags Set by specifying one or more of the following flags. If you
specify more than one flag, use the logical OR operator (|) to
separate them. Setting this parameter is supported for sockets
in the internet domain only.
MSG_OOB Reads any out-of-band data on the socket.
MSG_PEEK Peeks at the data present on the socket;
the data is returned but not consumed, so
that a subsequent receive operation returns
the same data.
name Pointer to a sockaddr structure (buffer) containing the source
address of the data. If name is a nonzero value, the source
address is returned.
namelen Pointer to the size in bytes of the buffer pointed to by name.
Description: The recvfrom() call receives data on a socket with descriptor s
and stores it in a buffer. The recvfrom() call applies to any socket type,
whether connected or not.
If name is nonzero, the address of the data sender is returned. The namelen
parameter is first initialized to the size of the buffer associated with name;
on return, it is modified to indicate the actual number of bytes stored there.
The recvfrom() call returns the length of the incoming message or data. If a
datagram is too long to fit in the supplied buffer, the excess is discarded.
No data is discarded for stream sockets. If data is not available at the
socket with descriptor s, the recvfrom() call waits for a message to arrive
and blocks the caller, unless the socket is in nonblocking mode. See ioctl()
for a description of how to set nonblocking mode.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the length
of the data, in bytes. The return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the
specific error code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using the buf and len parameters results in an
attempt to access memory outside the caller
address space.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and no
data is available to receive, or the
SO_RCVTIMEO option has been set for socket s
and the timeout expired before any data
arrived to receive.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.13. recvmsg() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Receives data and control information on a specified socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int recvmsg(s, msg, flags)
int s;
struct msghdr *msg;
int flags;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
msg Pointer to a message header that receives the message.
flags Set by specifying one or more of the following flags. If you
specify more than one flag, use the logical OR operator (|) to
separate them. Setting this parameter is supported for sockets
in the internet domain only.
MSG_OOB Reads any out-of-band data on the socket.
MSG_PEEK Peeks at the data present on the socket; the
data is returned, but not consumed, so that a
subsequent receive operation returns the same
data.
Description: This call receives a message on a socket with descriptor s.
Parameter Description
msg_name The optional pointer to the buffer containing the
recipient address
msg_namelen The size of the address buffer
msg_iov An array of iovec buffers containing the message
msg_iovlen The number of elements in the msg_iov array
msg_accreights The access rights recived. This field is ignored.
msg_accrightslen The length of the access right received. This field is
ignored.
The recvmsg() call applies to connection-oriented or connectionless sockets.
This call returns the length of the data received. If a datagram is too long
to fit in the supplied buffer, the excess is discarded. No data is discarded
for stream sockets. If data is not available at the socket with descriptor s,
the recvmsg() call waits for a message to arrive and blocks the caller, unless
the socket is in nonblocking mode. See ioctl() for a description of how to set
nonblocking mode.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the length
of the message, in bytes. The return value 0 indicates the connection is
closed; the return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error
code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using msg results in an attempt to access
memory outside the caller address space.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode, and no
data is available to receive, or the
SO_RCVTIMEO option has been set for socket s
and the timeout expired before any data arrived
to receive.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.14. select() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Gets read, write, and exception status on a group of sockets.
Network Services supports two versions of the select() call:
OS/2 Version
Berkeley Software Distributions (BSD) Version
Either version of select() can be used. The OS/2 version has better
performance. However, the BSD version is more portable.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.14.1. OS/2 Version ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
In the OS/2 version, the socket numbers are specified as an array of integers,
in which the read socket numbers are followed by write socket numbers, followed
by the exception pending condition socket numbers. This version monitors the
activity on a socket by specifying the number of sockets to be checked for
readability, readiness for writing, and exception pending conditions.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int select(s, noreads, nowrites, noexcepts, timeout)
int *s;
int noreads;
int nowrites;
int noexcepts;
long timeout;
Parameter Description
s Pointer to an array of socket numbers where the read socket
numbers are followed by the write socket numbers, and then
followed by the exception socket numbers.
noreads Number of sockets to be checked for readability.
nowrites Number of sockets to be checked for readiness for writing.
noexcepts Number of sockets to be checked for exceptional pending
conditions. For Network Services sockets, the only exceptional
pending condition is the presence of out-of-band data in the
receive buffer.
timeout Maximum interval, in milliseconds, to wait for the selection to
complete.
Description: This call monitors activity on a set of different sockets until
a timeout expires, to see if any sockets are ready for reading or writing, or
if any exceptional conditions are pending.
If the timeout value is 0, select() does not wait before returning. If the
timeout value is -1, select() does not timeout, but returns when a socket
becomes ready. If the timeout value is a number of milliseconds, select()
waits for the specified interval before returning. The select() call checks
all indicated sockets at the same time and returns when any of them is ready.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value is the number of ready
sockets. The return value -1 indicates an error. The return value 0 indicates
an expired time limit. If the return value is greater than 0, the socket
numbers in s that were not ready are set to -1. You can get the specific error
code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using the s parameter results in an attempt to
access memory outside the caller address space.
SOCEINTR Call interrupted.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket descriptor.
Examples: The following is an example of the OS/2 version of the select()
call.
#define MAX_TIMEOUT 1000
/* input_ready(insock)- Check to see if there is available input on
* socket insock.
* Returns 1 if input is available.
* 0 if input is not available.
* -1 on error.
*/
int input_ready(insock)
int insock; /* input socket descriptor */
{
int socks[1]; /* array of sockets */
long timeout = MAX_TIMEOUT;
/* put socket to check in socks[] */
socks[0] = insock;
/* check for READ availability on this socket */
return select(socks, 1, 0, 0, timeout);
}
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.14.2. BSD Version ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The BSD version monitors the activity on sockets by specifying a set mask
(fd_set) of socket numbers for which the caller wants to read the data, write
the data, and check exception pending conditions. The BSD version provides
FD_SET, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, and FD_ZERO macros to add or delete socket numbers
from the set mask.
Note: You must define #define BSD_SELECT before including the Network Services
header files to access the BSD version of the select() call. Otherwise, the
OS/2 version is assumed.
#define BSD_SELECT
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\select.h>
#include <sys\time.h>
int select(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout)
int nfds;
fd_set *readfds;
fd_set *writefds;
fd_set *exceptfds;
struct timeval *timeout;
Parameter Description
nfds The range of socket descriptors to be checked. select() tests
socket descriptors in the range of 0 to (nfds - 1).
readfds Pointer to a bit mask of descriptors to be checked for reading.
writefds Pointer to a bit mask of descriptors to be checked for writing.
exceptfds Pointer to a bit mask of descriptors to be checked for
exceptional pending conditions. For Network Services sockets,
the only exceptional pending condition is the presence of
out-of-band data in the receive buffer.
timeout Pointer to the time to wait for the select() call to complete.
Description: This call monitors activity on a set of different sockets until
a timeout expires, to see if any sockets are ready for reading or writing, or
if any exceptional conditions are pending.
If timeout is a NULL pointer, the call blocks indefinitely until one of the
requested conditions is satisfied. If timeout is non-NULL, it specifies the
maximum time to wait for the call to complete. If the timeout parameter points
to a zeroed timeval structure, a set of sockets is returned immediately. The
timeval structure is defined in the <SYS\TIME.H> header file and contains the
following fields:
Field Description
tv_sec Number of seconds
tv_usec Number of microseconds
A bit mask is made up of an array of integers. Macros are provided to
manipulate the bit masks.
Macro Description
FD_SET(socket, bit_mask_address) Sets the bit for the socket
in the bit mask pointed to
by bit_mask_address.
FD_CLR(socket, bit_mask_address) Clears the bit.
FD_ISSET(socket, bit_mask_address) Returns a non-zero value if
the bit is set for this
socket descriptor;
otherwise, it returns zero.
FD_ZERO(socket, bit_mask_address) Clears the entire bit mask
for all socket descriptors.
Notes
1. For macros FD_SET, FD_CLR, FD_ISSET, and FD_ZERO, define the parameters
socket and bit_mask_address in the following manner:
int socket;
struct fd_set *bit_mask_address;
2. The first nfds descriptors in each bit mask are tested for the specified
condition.
3. A socket descriptor with a value of 8 is actually the 9th descriptor in
the fd_set (the socket descriptor value of 0 is the first descriptor). To
check the socket descriptor 8, nfds would have to be greater than or
equal to 9.
4. Socket descriptors are specified by setting bits in a bit mask.
5. Setting any of the descriptor pointers to zero indicates that no checks
are to be made for the conditions. For example, setting exceptfds to be a
NULL pointer causes the select call to check for read and write
conditions only.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value is the total number of ready
sockets (in all bit masks). The return value -1 indicates an error. The return
value 0 indicates an expired time limit. If the return value is greater than
0, the socket descriptors in each bit mask that are ready are set to 1. All
others are set to 0. You can get the specific error code by calling
sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT The address is not valid.
SOCEINTR Call interrupted.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCENOTSOCK One of the sockets in the bit masks is not a
valid socket descriptor.
Examples: The following is an example of the BSD version of the select()
call.
#define BSD_SELECT
.
.
.
fd_set readsocks;
fd_set writesocks;
fd_set exceptsocks;
struct timeval timeout;
int read_socket;
int write_socket;
int max_socket;
int number_found;
.
.
.
/* return immediately if nothing is ready */
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
timeout.tv_sec = 0;
/* initialize all the bitmasks to zero */
FD_ZERO(&readsocks);
FD_ZERO(&writesocks);
FD_ZERO(&exceptsocks);
/* check for ability to read on read_sock, write on write_sock
* don't care about exception conditions (OOB data) */
FD_SET(read_socket, &readsocks);
FD_SET(write_socket, &writesocks);
/* figure out the highest socket number to be checked in the bitmasks */
if (read_socket > write_socket)
max_socket = read_socket;
else
max_socket = write_socket;
/* issue the select, it returns number of sockets ready,
* or -1 if none */
number_found = select(max_socket+1, &readsocks, &writesocks, &exceptsocks,
&timeout);
if (number_found > 0)
{
if (FD_ISSET(read_socket, &readsocks))
{
/* can read data from read_socket */
}
else if (FD_ISSET(write_socket, &writesocks))
{
/* can write data on write_socket */
}
}
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.15. send() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sends data on a connected socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int send(s, msg, len, flags)
int s;
char *msg;
int len;
int flags;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
msg Pointer to a buffer containing the message to transmit.
len Length of the message pointed to by the msg parameter.
flags Set by specifying one or more of the following flags. If you
specify more than one flag, use the logical OR operator (|) to
separate them. Setting this parameter is supported for sockets in
the internet domain only.
MSG_OOB Sends out-of-band data on sockets that
support SOCK_STREAM communication.
MSG_DONTROUTE The SO_DONTROUTE option is turned on for
the duration of the operation. This is
usually used only by diagnostic or routing
programs.
Description: This call sends data on the socket with descriptor s. The send()
call applies to connected sockets. For information on how to use send() with
datagram and raw sockets, see "Datagram or raw sockets"..
If the socket send buffer does not have any space available of the address
buffer to be sent, the send() call normally blocks, unless the socket is
placed in nonblocking mode. See ioctl() for a description of how to set
nonblocking mode. Use the select() call to determine when it is possible to
send more data.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the number
of bytes sent. Successful completion does not guarantee delivery of the data
to the receiver. The return value -1 indicates an error was detected on the
sending side of the connection. You can get the specific error code by calling
sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEDESTADDRREQ Destination address required.
SOCEFAULT Using the msg and len parameters results in an
attempt to access memory outside the caller
address space.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available to send the
message.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and the
data cannot be sent without blocking, or the
SO_SNDTIMEO option has been set for socket s
and the timeout expired before any data was
sent.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.16. sendmsg() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sends data and control information on a specified socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int sendmsg(s, msg, flags)
int s;
struct msghdr *msg;
int flags;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
msg Pointer to a message header containing a message to be sent.
flags Set by specifying one or more of the following flags. If you
specify more than one flag, use the logical OR operator (|) to
separate them. Setting this parameter is supported only for
sockets in the internet domain.
MSG_OOB Sends out-of-band data on the socket.
MSG_DONTROUTE The SO_DONTROUTE option is turned on for
the duration of the operation. This is
usually used only by diagnostic or routing
programs.
Description: This call sends a msghdr structure on a socket with descriptor s.
Parameter Description
msg_name The optional pointer to the buffer containing the
recipient address.
msg_namelen The size of the address buffer.
msg_iov An array of iovec buffers containing the message.
msg_iovlen The number of elements in the msg_iov array.
msg_accreights The access rights recived. This field is ignored.
msg_accrightslen The length of the access right received. This field is
ignored.
The sendmsg() call applies to any socket.
This call returns the length of the data sent. If the socket with descriptor s
is not ready for sending data, the sendmsg() call waits unless the socket is
in nonblocking mode. See ioctl() for a description of how to set nonblocking
mode.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the number
of bytes sent. Successful completion does not guarantee delivery of the data
to the receiver. The return value -1 indicates an error was detected on the
sending side of the connection. You can get the specific error code by calling
sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using msg results in an attempt to access
memory outside the caller address space.
SOCEINVAL msg_namelen is not the size of a valid address
for the specified address family.
SOCEMSGSIZE The message was larger than the size of the
socket send buffer and could not be sent as a
single datagram.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available to send the
message.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and the
data cannot be sent without blocking, or the
SO_SNDTIMEO option has been set for socket s
and the timeout expired before any data was
sent.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.17. sendto() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sends data on a socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int sendto(s, msg, len, flags, to, tolen)
int s;
char *msg;
int len;
int flags;
struct sockaddr *to;
int tolen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
msg Pointer to the buffer containing the message to transmit.
len Length of the message in the buffer pointed to by the msg
parameter.
flags Set to 0 or one or more of the following flags. If you specify
more than one flag, use the logical OR operator (|) to separate
them. Setting this parameter is supported only for sockets in the
internet domain.
MSG_OOB Sends out-of-band data on the socket.
MSG_DONTROUTE The SO_DONTROUTE option is turned on for
the duration of the operation. This is
usually used only by diagnostic or
routing programs.
to Pointer to a sockaddr structure (buffer) containing the
destination address.
tolen Size in bytes of the buffer pointed to by the to parameter.
Description: This call sends data on the socket with descriptor s. The
sendto() call applies to connected or unconnected sockets. For unconnected
datagram and raw sockets, the sendto() call sends data to the specified
destination address. For stream and sequenced packet sockets, the destination
address is ignored.
Datagram sockets are connected by calling connect(). This identifies the peer
to send or receive the datagram. After a datagram socket is connected to a
peer, you can still use the sendto() call, but a destination address cannot be
included.
To change the peer address when using connected datagram sockets, issue a
connect() call with a null address. Specifying a null address on a connected
datagram socket removes the peer address specification. You can 1 address or
issue a connect() call to connect to a different peer. For more information on
connecting datagram sockets and specifying null addresses, see "Datagram or
raw sockets"..
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the number
of bytes sent. Successful completion does not guarantee delivery of the data
to the receiver. The return value -1 indicates an error was detected on the
sending side. You can get the specific error code by calling sock_errno() or
psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Descriptioun
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEDESTADDRREQ Destination address required.
SOCEFAULT Using the msg and len parameters results in
an attempt to access memory outside the
caller address space.
SOCEINVAL The tolen parameter is not the size of a
valid address for the specified address
family.
SOCEMSGSIZE The message was larger than the size of the
socket send buffer and could not be sent as
a single datagram.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available to send the
message.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and
the data cannot be sent without blocking, or
the SO_SNDTIMEO option has been set for
socket s and the timeout expired before any
data was sent.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.18. setsockopt() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sets options associated with a socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int setsockopt(s, level, optname, optval, optlen)
int s;
int level;
int optname;
char *optval;
int optlen;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor
level Specifies the option level that is being set
optname Name of a specified socket option
optval Pointer to the option data
optlen Length of the option data
Description: This call sets options associated with a socket such as enabling
debugging at the socket or protocol level, control timeouts, or permit socket
data broadcast. Options can exist at the socket or the protocol level; options
are always present at the highest socket level. When setting socket options,
the level of the option and the name of the option must be specified. The
following table lists the supported levels:
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Γöé Table 15. Supported Levels Γöé
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Γöé SUPPORTED LEVEL Γöé #DEFINE IN Γöé
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Γöé SOL_SOCKET Γöé <SYS\SOCKET.H> Γöé
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Γöé IPPROTO_IP Γöé <NETINET\IN.H> Γöé
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Γöé IPPROTO_TCP Γöé <NETINET\IN.H> Γöé
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Γöé NBPROTO_NB Γöé <NETNB\NB.H> Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The optval and optlen parameters are used to pass data used by the particular
set command. The optval parameter points to a buffer containing the data
needed by the set command. The optval parameter is optional and if data is not
needed by the command, can be set to the NULL pointer. The optlen parameter
must be set to the size of the data or data type pointed to by optval. For
socket options that are boolean, the option is enabled if optval is nonzero
and disabled if optval is zero.
The following tables list the supported options for setsockopt() at each level
(SOL_SOCKET, IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_TCP, NBPROTO_NB). Detailed descriptions of
the options follow each table.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 16. Supported setsockopt() Socket Options for SOL_SOCKET Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé Γöé Γöé DOMAINS Γöé DATA Γöé BOOLEAN Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé * Γöé TYPE Γöé OR VALUE Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_BROADCAST Γöé allows sending of broad- Γöé I, N Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé cast messages Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_DEBUG Γöé turns on recording of Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé debugging information Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_DONTROUTE Γöé bypasses routing tables Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_KEEPALIVE Γöé keeps connections alive Γöé I Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_LINGER Γöé lingers on close if data Γöé I Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé present Γöé Γöé linger Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_OOBINLINE Γöé leaves received OOB data Γöé I Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé in-line Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_RCVBUF Γöé receives buffer size Γöé I, L, N Γöé long Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_RCVLOWAT Γöé receives low-water mark Γöé I, L Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_RCVTIMEO Γöé receives timeout Γöé I, L, N Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé timevalΓöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_REUSEADDR Γöé allows local address Γöé I, N Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé reuse Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_REUSEPORT Γöé allows a socket to reuse Γöé I Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé a local address and Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé local port Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_SNDBUF Γöé sends buffer size Γöé I, L, N Γöé long Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_SNDLOWAT Γöé sends low-water mark Γöé I. L Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SO_SNDTIMEO Γöé sends timeout Γöé I, L, N Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé timevalΓöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NOTE: * This column specifies I for internet, L for Local IPC, and N Γöé
Γöé for NetBIOS communication domains. Γöé
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The following options are recognized for option level SOL_SOCKET:
Option Description
SO_BROADCAST (datagram sockets only) Sets the ability to
broadcast messages. If this option is
enabled, it allows the application to send
broadcast messages over s, if the interface
specified in the destination supports
broadcasting of packets.
SO_DEBUG Sets the ability to record debug information
for a socket.
SO_DONTROUTE Sets the ability for the socket to bypass the
routing of outgoing messages. When this
option is enabled, it causes outgoing
messages to bypass the standard routing
algorithm and be directed to the appropriate
network interface according to the network
portion of the destination address. When
enabled, packets can be sent to directly
connected networks (networks for which this
host has an interface) only.
SO_KEEPALIVE (stream sockets only) Sets the ability of the
socket to send keepalive packets that keep
the connection alive. TCP uses a timer called
the keepalive timer. This timer is used to
monitor idle connections that may have been
disconnected because of a peer crash or
timeout. If this option is set to ON, a
keepalive packet is periodically sent to the
peer. This is mainly used to allow servers to
close connections that are no longer active
as a result of clients going away without
properly closing connections.
SO_LINGER (stream sockets only) Sets the ability of the
socket to linger on close. When this option
is enabled, and data is present in the socket
send buffer when soclose() is called, the
calling appl ication is blocked in soclose()
until the data is transmitted or until the
linger timeout expires. If the linger
timeout expires, the unsent data is
discarded, the connection is reset, and
soclose() returns -1 with an error value of
SOCEWOULDBLOCK. Even though soclose()
returned an error, the socket is closed (no
further calls can be made for the socket).
Note that a linger timeout of zero results in
no lingering if unsent data exists. A
timeout of zero expires immediately when the
call is issued, resulting in discarding any
unsent data and resetting the connection.
When this option is disabled (the default),
soclose() does not block when unsent data is
present at the time of the call. Rather, the
soclose() completes immediately and TCP
continues to attempt to send the remaining
data before closing the connection. The
application has no guarantee that the data is
successfully sent, since errors encountered
on the connection after the socket is closed
cannot be reported to the application.
SO_OOBINLINE (stream sockets only) Sets the ability of the
socket to receive out-of-band data. As stated
in TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The
Protocols out-of-band data is "a logically
separate data path using the same connection
as the normal data path."
When this option is enabled, it causes
out-of-band data to be placed in the normal
data input queue as it is received, making it
available to recv(), and recvfrom(), without
having to specify the MSG_OOB flag in those
calls. When this option is disabled, it
causes out-of-band data to be placed in the
priority data input queue as it is received,
making it available to recv(), and
recvfrom(), only by specifying the MSG_OOB
flag in those calls.
SO_RCVBUF Sets buffer size for input. This option sets
the size of the receive buffer to the value
contained in the buffer pointed to by optval.
This allows the buffer size to be tailored
for specific application needs, such as
increasing the buffer size for high-volume
connections.
SO_RCVLOWAT Sets receive low-water mark that controls
when a recv() call returns when less data is
available than the recv() call is requesting.
If at least SO_RCVLOWAT bytes are available,
the recv() call returns those bytes. The
default is 1 for both TCP and UDP sockets.
SO_RCVTIMEO Sets receive timeout. This value limits the
length of a blocking receive call. This
value is ignored for non-blocking calls.
SO_REUSEADDR (stream and datagram sockets only) Allows a
socket to reuse a local address. When
enabled, this option allows local addresses
that are already in use to be bound. This
alters the normal algorithm used in the
bind() call. Network Services checks at
connect time to be sure that no local address
and port have the same foreign address and
port. The error SOCEADDRINUSE is returned if
the association already exists.
SO_REUSEPORT (stream and datagram sockets only) Allows a
socket to reuse a local address and port.
When enabled, this option allows local
addresses and ports that are already in use
to be bound. This alters the normal algorithm
used in the bind() call. This option is
normally only used by multicasting
applications.
SO_SNDBUF Sets buffer size for output. This option sets
the size of the send buffer to the value
contained in the buffer pointed to by optval.
This allows the send buffer size to be
tailored for specific application needs, such
as increasing the buffer size for high-volume
connections.
SO_SNDLOWAT Sets send low-water mark that influences
socket flow control operations. SO_SNDLOWAT
is used for TCP sockets, but not UDP sockets.
During a send operation, if the socket code
must wait for space to be available in the
send buffer before sending data, the socket
waits for at least SO_SNDLOWAT bytes to be
available in the send buffer before sending
the data. The default value is the size of a
cluster mbuf.
SO_SNDTIMEO Sets send timeout. This value limits the
length of a blocking send call. This value
is ignored for non-blocking calls.
struct linger: For the SO_LINGER option, optval points to a linger structure.
This structure is defined in <SYS\SOCKET.H> and contains the following fields:
Field Description
l_onoff Option on/off
l_linger Linger time
The l_onoff field is set to zero if the SO_LINGER option is being disabled. A
nonzero value enables the option.
The l_linger field specifies the amount of time in seconds to linger on close.
A value of zero causes an abnormal close. TCP discards any data still queued
to be sent on the connection and sends a reset to the peer. The peer sees
this as an abnormal close when it gets an error on an outstanding receive.
struct timeval: For the SO_RCVTIMEO and SO_SNDTIMEO options, optval points to
a timeval structure. This structure is defined in <SYS\TIME.H> and contains
the following fields:
Field Description
tv_sec Number of seconds
tv_usec Number of microseconds
For the internet domain, the finest resolution is milliseconds, thus the
tv_usec field is converted. In this conversion, anything less than a
millisecond is truncated. For example, if you call setsockopt() to set
tv_usec to 31, the next getsockopt() call returns a 0 for tv_usec If you call
setsockopt() to set tv_usec to 1031, the next getsockopt() returns 1000.
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Γöé Table 17. Supported setsockopt() Socket Options for IPPROTO_IP Γöé
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Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé BOOLEAN Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé DATA TYPE Γöé OR VALUE Γöé
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Γöé IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP Γöé joins a multicast group Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé ip_mreq Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP Γöé leaves a multicast group Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé ip_mreq Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_MULTICAST_IF Γöé provides default interface for Γöé struct Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé outgoing multicasts Γöé in_addr Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_MULTICAST_LOOP Γöé causes a loopback of outgoing Γöé uchar Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé multicast Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_MULTICAST_TTL Γöé provides default TTL for out- Γöé uchar Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé going multicast Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_OPTIONS Γöé provides options in IP header Γöé void * Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé to be included in outgoing Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé datagrams Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_RECVDSTADDR Γöé allows queueing of IP destina- Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé tion address Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_TOS Γöé gives type of service for out- Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé going datagrams Γöé Γöé Γöé
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Γöé IP_TTL Γöé provides time to live for out- Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
Γöé Γöé going datagrams Γöé Γöé Γöé
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The following options are recognized for option level IPPROTO_IP and are
supported for the internet communication domain only.
Option Description
IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP Sets to join a multicast group. Specify the
IP multicast address and the local IP address
of the interface. If the interface address is
INADDR_ANY, the interface picked is based on
the routing table.
IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP Sets to leave a multicast group. Specify the
IP multicast address and the local IP address
of the interface. If the interface address is
INADDR_ANY, all interfaces are searched for
this IP multicast address.
IP_MULTICAST_IF Sets the default interface for outgoing
multicasts. Normally this is the interface
selected for an outgoing interface based on
the destination. This default can be
overridden by specifying the IP address of
the outgoing interface.
IP_MULTICAST_LOOP Enables or disables loopback of outgoing
multicasts. If this value is set to 0,
packets are not looped back and delivered to
the transmitting interface, even if the
interface is a member of the multicasting
group. If this value is set to 1, packets are
looped back if the interface is a member of
the multicasting group. The default value is
1.
IP_MULTICAST_TTL Sets the default TTL for outgoing multicasts.
The default is 1, which causes multicast
datagrams to remain on the local network.
This value is also used by multicast routers
to have a threshold policy to drop multicast
packets. Packets can be dropped by a router
even though its TTL is not 0.
IP_OPTIONS Sets options in the IP header to be included
in outgoing datagrams.
IP_RECVDSTADDR (datagram sockets only) Enables or disables
if IP destination address is passed on the
recvmsg() call. The IP destination is passed
pack in the msg_control parameter, if the
msg_controllen parameter is less than 4
bytes, the flags indicate the control
information was truncated.
IP_TOS Sets the type of service (TOS) used in
outgoing datagram and stream packets.
IP_TTL Sets the time to live (TTL) for outgoing
datagrams. A TTL value of 1 prevents packets
from being routed to other networks. Raw
sockets default to the maximum of 255,
datagram and stream sockets default to 64.
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 18. Supported setsockopt() Socket Options for IPPROTO_TCP Γöé
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Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé BOOLEAN Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé DATA TYPE Γöé OR VALUE Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé TCP_NODELAY Γöé indicates that the send to Γöé int Γöé boolean Γöé
Γöé Γöé coalesce packets should not be Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé Γöé delayed Γöé Γöé Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The following options are recognized for option level IPPROTO_TCP and are
supported for the internet communication domain only.
TCP_ socket options
IPPROTO_TCP socket options
Option Description
TCP_NODELAY (stream sockets only) Setting on
disables the small packet avoidance
algorithm so that the client TCP sends
small packets as soon as possible. This
option may provide a performance
improvement for some applications on a
LAN, but can degrade performance on Wide
Area Networks (WAN).
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 19. Supported setsockopt() Socket Options for NBPROTO_NB Γöé
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Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé BOOLEAN Γöé
Γöé OPTION NAME Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé DATA TYPE Γöé OR VALUE Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé NB_DGRAM_TYPE Γöé type of datagrams to receive Γöé int Γöé value Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
The following option is recognized for option level NBPROTO_NB and is
supported for the NetBIOS communication domain only.
Option Description
NB_DGRAM_TYPE (datagram sockets only) Sets type of
datagrams to be received on the socket. The
possible values are:
NB_DGRAM The socket is to
receive normal
(unicast)
datagrams only.
NB_BROADCAST The socket is to
receive broadcast
datagrams only.
NB_DGRAM_ANY The socket can
receive both
normal or
broadcast
datagrams. This
option can be changed at any time.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEFAULT Using optval and optlen parameters results in
an attempt to access memory outside the caller
address space.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available.
SOCENOPROTOOPT The optname parameter or the level parameter
is unrecognized.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
Examples: The following are examples of the setsockopt() call. See
getsockopt() for examples of how getsockopt() retrieves the socket option
settings.
int rc;
int s;
int optval;
struct linger lstruct;
/* extracted from sys/socket.h */
int setsockopt(int s, int level, int optname, char *optval, int optlen);
.
.
.
/* I want out of band data in the normal input queue. */
optval = 1;
rc = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OOBINLINE, (char *) &optval, sizeof(int));
.
.
.
/* I want to linger on close. */
lstruct.l_onoff = 1;
lstruct.l_linger = 100;
rc = setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (char *) &lstruct, sizeof(lstruct));
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.19. shutdown() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Shuts down all or part of a full-duplex connection.
int shutdown(s, howto)
int s;
int howto;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor
howto Condition of the shutdown
Description: This call shuts down all or part of a full-duplex connection.
Because data flows in one direction are independent of data flowing from the
other direction, the shutdown call allows data flow to be stopped
independently in either direction or all data flows with one API call. For
example, you may want to stop the senders from sending data to you, but you
still want to send data.
Using the shutdown() call is optional.
The howto parameter sets the condition for shutting down the connection to
socket s. It can be set to one of the following:
0 - no more data can be received on socket s.
1 - no more data can be sent on socket s.
2 - no more data can be sent or received on socket s.
Note: In the NetBIOS domain, the shutdown() call is valid, but the function
of shutdown() is not implemented. When called, shutdown() returns a
successful return code, but no shutdown occurs.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEINVAL The howto parameter was not set to one of the
valid values.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket descriptor.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.20. sock_errno() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns error code set by a socket call.
#include <nerrno.h>
int sock_errno()
Description: The sock_errno() call returns the last error code set by a socket
call on this thread.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.21. socket() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Creates an endpoint for communication and returns a socket descriptor
representing the endpoint.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int socket(domain, type, protocol)
int domain;
int type;
int protocol;
Parameter Description
domain Communication domain requested
type Type of socket created
protocol Protocol requested
Description: This call creates an endpoint for communication and returns a
socket descriptor representing the endpoint. Each socket type provides a
different communication service.
Sockets are deallocated with the soclose() call.
The domain parameter specifies a communications domain where communication is
to take place. This parameter specifies the protocol family that is used.
Protocol Family Description
AF_OS2, AF_UNIX, or AF_LOCAL Use addresses in the Local IPC format that
take the form of OS/2 Warp Connect file and
path names.
AF_INET Use addresses in the internet address format.
AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB Use addresses in the NetBIOS address format.
The type parameter specifies the type of socket created. The type is analogous
with the semantics of the communication requested. These socket type
constants are defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> header file. Refer to Socket Types
for additional details. The types supported are:
Type Description
SOCK_STREAM Provides sequenced, two-way byte streams that
are reliable and connection-oriented. It
supports a mechanism for out-of-band data.
Stream sockets are supported by the internet
(AF_INET) communication domain and Local IPC
(AF_OS2, AF_UNIX, or AF_LOCAL).
SOCK_SEQPACKET Provides sequenced, two-way byte records that
are reliable and connection-oriented.
Sequenced packet sockets are supported by the
NetBIOS (AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB) communication
domain.
SOCK_DGRAM Provides datagrams, which are connectionless
messages whose reliability is not guaranteed.
Datagrams can be received out of order, lost, or
delivered multiple times.
Datagram sockets are supported by the internet
(AF_INET), Local IPC (AF_OS2, AF_UNIX, or
AF_LOCAL), and NetBIOS (AF_NETBIOS or AF_NB)
communication domains.
SOCK_RAW Provides the interface to internal protocols
(such as IP and ICMP). Raw sockets are
supported by the internet (AF_INET)
communication domain.
The protocol parameter specifies a particular protocol to be used with the
socket. If the protocol field is set to 0 (default), Network Services selects
the default protocol number for the domain and socket type requested. Default
and valid protocol number-protocol family combinations are in Default
Protocols. The getprotobyname() call can be used to get the protocol number
for a protocol with a well-known name.
Return and sock_errno() Values: A non-negative socket descriptor return value
indicates success. The return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the
specific error code by calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error.
Contact IBM Service.
SOCEMFILE The maximum number of sockets are
currently in use.
SOCEPROTONOSUPPORT The protocol is not supported in the
specified domain or the protocol is
not supported for the specified socket
type.
SOCEPROTOTYPE The protocol is the wrong type for the
socket.
Examples: The following are examples of the socket() call.
int s;
struct protoent *p;
struct protoent *getprotobyname(char *name);
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol); /* extracted from sys\socket.h */
.
.
.
/* Get stream socket in internet domain with default protocol. */
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
.
.
.
/* Get raw socket in internet domain for ICMP protocol. */
p = getprotobyname("icmp");
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, p->p_proto);
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.22. soclose() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Shuts down a socket and frees resources allocated to the socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int soclose(s)
int s;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor
Description: This call shuts down the socket associated with the socket
descriptor s, and frees resources allocated to the socket. If s refers to a
connected socket, the connection is closed.
If the SO_LINGER socket option is enabled (see setsockopt() for additional
information), the task tries to send any queued data. If the SO_LINGER socket
option is disabled, the task flushes any data queued to be sent.
Return and sock_errno() Values: The return value 0 indicates success; the
return value -1 indicates an error. You can get the specific error code by
calling sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCENOTSOCK The s parameter is not a valid socket
descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The linger option is enabled and the linger
timeout expired before unsent data could be
successfully sent. The data is discarded and
the connection is reset instead of closing
normally.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 6.23. writev() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Writes data from a set of specified buffers on a socket.
#include <types.h>
#include <sys\socket.h>
int writev(s, iov, iovcnt)
int s;
struc iovec *iov;
int iovcnt;
Parameter Description
s Socket descriptor.
iov Pointer to an array of iovec structures.
iovcnt Number of iovec structures pointed to by the iov parameter. The
maximum number of iovec structures is 32.
Description: This call writes data on a socket with descriptor s. The data is
gathered from the buffers specified by iov[0]...iov[iovcnt-1]. The iovec
structure is defined in the <SYS\SOCKET.H> header file and contains the
following fields:
Field Description
iov_base Pointer to the buffer
iov_len Length of the buffer
This call writes up to the number of bytes in the buffers pointed to by the
iov parameter. This number is the sum of all iov_len fields. If the data
cannot be sent without blocking and the socket is in blocking mode, the
writev() call blocks the caller until the data can be sent. If the socket is
in a nonblocking mode, writev() returns -1 and sets the return code to
SOCEWOULDBLOCK. See ioctl() for a description of how to set nonblocking mode.
For datagram sockets, this call sends the entire datagram, provided it fits
into the socket write buffer. If the socket write buffer does not have any
space available to hold the message to be written, the writev() call normally
blocks, unless the socket is placed in nonblocking mode. Use the select() call
to determine when it is possible to write more data.
Return and sock_errno() Values: If successful, the return value is the number
of bytes written. Successful completion does not guarantee the data is
written. The return value -1 indicates an error was detected on the sending
side of the connection. You can get the specific error code by calling
sock_errno() or psock_errno().
sock_errno() Value Description
SOCECOMMSYS Internal communications error. Contact IBM
Service.
SOCEDESTADDRREQ A destination address is required.
SOCEFAULT Using the iov and iovcnt parameters results
in an attempt to access memory outside the
caller address space.
SOCEINVAL One of the parameters has an invalid value.
SOCEMSGSIZE The message was larger than the size of the
socket send buffer and could not be sent as
a single datagram.
SOCENOBUFS No buffer space is available to send the
message.
SOCENOTCONN The socket is not connected.
SOCENOTSOCK s is not a valid socket descriptor.
SOCEWOULDBLOCK The s parameter is in nonblocking mode and
the data cannot be written without blocking,
or the SO_SNDTIMEO option has been set for
socket s and the timeout expired before any
data was sent.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7. TCP/IP Network Utility Routines ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following table briefly describes each sockets utility function call
supported by MPTS and identifies the location in the book where you can find
the syntax, parameters, and other appropriate information. The following socket
calls described in this section can be used to access services only for the
internet communication domain:
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 20. TCP/IP Network Utility Routines Quick Reference Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SOCKET CALL Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé bswap() Γöé Swaps bytes in a short integer Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé dn_comp() Γöé Compresses the expanded domain name Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé dn_expand() Γöé Expands a compressed domain name to a full domain name Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé endhostent() Γöé Closes the HOSTS file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé endnetent() Γöé Closes the NETWORKS file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé endprotoent() Γöé Closes the PROTOCOL file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé endservent() Γöé Closes the SERVICES file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé gethostbyaddr() Γöé Returns a pointer to information about a host specified Γöé
Γöé Γöé by an internet address Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé gethostbyname() Γöé Returns a pointer to information about a host specified Γöé
Γöé Γöé by a host name Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé gethostent() Γöé Returns a pointer to the next entry in the HOSTS file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé gethostid() Γöé Returns the unique identifier of the current host Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé gethostname() Γöé Gets the standard host name for the local host machine Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getnetbyaddr() Γöé Returns a pointer to the NETWORKS file entry that con- Γöé
Γöé Γöé tains the specified network address Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getnetbyname() Γöé Returns a pointer to the NETWORKS file entry that con- Γöé
Γöé Γöé tains the specified network name Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getnetent() Γöé Returns a pointer to the next entry in the NETWORKS Γöé
Γöé Γöé file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getprotobyname() Γöé Returns a pointer to the PROTOCOL file entry specified Γöé
Γöé Γöé by a protocol name Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getprotobynumber() Γöé Returns a pointer to the PROTOCOL file entry specified Γöé
Γöé Γöé by a protocol number Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getprotoent() Γöé Returns a pointer to the next entry in the PROTOCOL Γöé
Γöé Γöé file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getservbyname() Γöé Returns a pointer to the SERVICES file entry specified Γöé
Γöé Γöé by a service name Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getservbyport() Γöé Returns a pointer to the SERVICES file entry specified Γöé
Γöé Γöé by a port number Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé getservent() Γöé Returns a pointer to the next entry in the SERVICES Γöé
Γöé Γöé file Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé htonl() Γöé Translates byte order from host to network for a long Γöé
Γöé Γöé integer Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé htons() Γöé Translates byte order from host to network for a short Γöé
Γöé Γöé integer Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé inet_addr() Γöé Constructs an internet address from character strings Γöé
Γöé Γöé representing numbers expressed in standard dotted- Γöé
Γöé Γöé decimal notation Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé inet_lnaof() Γöé Returns the local network portion of an internet Γöé
Γöé Γöé address Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé inet_makeaddr() Γöé Constructs an internet address from a network number Γöé
Γöé Γöé and a local address Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé inet_netof() Γöé Returns the network portion of the internet address in Γöé
Γöé Γöé network-byte order Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé inet_network() Γöé Constructs a network number from character strings Γöé
Γöé Γöé representing numbers expressed in standard dotted- Γöé
Γöé Γöé decimal notation Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 20. TCP/IP Network Utility Routines Quick Reference Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé SOCKET CALL Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé inet_ntoa() Γöé Returns a pointer to a string in dotted-decimal nota- Γöé
Γöé Γöé tion Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé lswap() Γöé Swaps bytes in a long integer Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé ntohl() Γöé Translates byte order from network to host for a long Γöé
Γöé Γöé integer Γöé
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Γöé ntohs() Γöé Translates byte order from network to host for a short Γöé
Γöé Γöé integer Γöé
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Γöé res_init() Γöé Reads the RESOLV file for the default domain name Γöé
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Γöé res_mkquery() Γöé Makes query message for the name servers in the Γöé
Γöé Γöé internet domain Γöé
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Γöé res_send() Γöé Sends query to a local name server Γöé
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Γöé sethostent() Γöé Opens and rewinds the HOSTS file Γöé
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Γöé setnetent() Γöé Opens and rewinds the NETWORKS file Γöé
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Γöé setprotoent() Γöé Opens and rewinds the PROTOCOL file Γöé
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Γöé setservent() Γöé Opens and rewinds the SERVICES file Γöé
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.1. bswap() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Swaps bytes in a short integer.
#include <types.h>
#include <utils.h>
u_short bswap(a)
u_short a;
Parameter Description
a Unsigned short integer whose bytes are to be swapped
Description: This call swaps bytes in a short integer.
Return Value: Returns the translated short integer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.2. dn_comp() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Compresses the expanded domain name.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
#include <arpa\nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
int dn_comp(exp_dn, comp_dn, length, dnptrs, lastdnptr)
u_char *exp_dn;
u_char *comp_dn;
int length;
u_char **dnptrs;
u_char **lastdnptr;
Parameter Description
exp_dn Pointer to the location of an expanded domain name
comp_dn Pointer to an array containing the compressed domain name
length Length of the array in bytes pointed to by the comp_dn
parameter
dnptrs List of pointers to previously compressed names in the current
message
lastdnptr Pointer to the end of the array pointed to by dnptrs
Description: This call compresses the domain name pointed to by the exp_dn
parameter and stores it in the area pointed to by the comp_dn parameter. It
uses the global _res structure, which is defined in the <RESOLV.H> header
file.
Return Value: When successful, the dn_comp() call returns the size of the
compressed domain name. If it fails, the call returns a value of -1.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.3. dn_expand() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Expands a compressed domain name to a full domain name.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
#include <arpa\nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
int dn_expand(msg, eomorig, comp_dn, exp_dn, length)
u_char *msg;
u_char *eomorig;
u_char *comp_dn;
u_char *exp_dn;
int length;
Parameter Description
msg Pointer to the beginning of a message
eomorig Pointer to the end of the original message that contains the
compressed domain name
comp_dn Pointer to the compressed domain name
exp_dn Pointer to a buffer that holds the resulting expanded domain
name
length Length of the buffer in bytes pointed to by the exp_dn
parameter
Description: This call expands a compressed domain name to a full domain
name, converting the expanded name to all uppercase letters. It uses the
global _res structure, which is defined in the <RESOLV.H> header file.
Return Value: If it succeeds, the dn_expand() call returns the size of the
expanded domain name. If it fails, the call returns a value of -1.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.4. endhostent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Closes the HOSTS file.
void endhostent()
Description: This call closes the ETC\HOSTS file, which contains information
about known hosts.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.5. endnetent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Closes the NETWORKS file.
void endnetent()
Description: The endnetent() call closes the ETC\NETWORKS file, which contains
information about known networks.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.6. endprotoent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Closes the PROTOCOL file.
void endprotoent()
Description: This call closes the ETC\PROTOCOL file, which contains
information about known protocols.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.7. endservent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Closes the SERVICES file.
void endservent()
Description: This call closes the ETC\SERVICES file, which contains
information about known services.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.8. gethostbyaddr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to information about a host specified by an internet address.
#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent *gethostbyaddr(addr, addrlen, addrfam)
char *addr;
int addrlen;
int addrfam;
Parameter Description
addr Pointer to a 32-bit internet address in network-byte order
addrlen Size of addr in bytes
addrfam Address family supported (AF_INET)
Description: This call resolves the host name through a name server, if one
is present. If a name server is not present or cannot resolve the host name,
gethostbyaddr() searches the ETC\HOSTS file in sequence until a matching host
address is found or an end-of-file (EOF) marker is reached.
Return Value: The return value points to static data that subsequent API
calls can modify. This call returns a pointer to a hostent structure for the
host address specified on the call and indicates success. A NULL pointer
indicates an error or EOF.
The <NETDB.H> header file defines the hostent structure and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
h_name Official name of the host
h_aliases Zero-terminated array of alternative names for the host
h_addrtype The address family of the network address being
returned, always set to AF_INET
h_length Length of the address in bytes
h_addr Pointer to the network address of the host
The value of h_errno indicates the specific error.
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Γöé H_ERRNO VALUE Γöé CODE Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
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Γöé HOST_NOT_FOUND Γöé 1 Γöé The host specified by the addr parameter is Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé not found. Γöé
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Γöé TRY_AGAIN Γöé 2 Γöé The local server does not receive a response Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé from an authorized server. Try again later. Γöé
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Γöé NO_RECOVERY Γöé 3 Γöé This error code indicates an unrecoverable Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé error. Γöé
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Γöé NO_DATA Γöé 4 Γöé The requested addr is valid, but does not Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé have an internet address at the name server. Γöé
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Γöé NO_ADDRESS Γöé 4 Γöé The requested addr is valid, but does not Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé have an internet address at the name server. Γöé
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.9. gethostbyname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to information about a host specified by a host name.
#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent *gethostbyname(name)
char *name;
Parameter Description
name Pointer to the name of the host being queried
Description: This call resolves the host name through a name server, if one
is present. If a name server is not present or is unable to resolve the host
name, gethostbyname() searches the ETC\HOSTS file in sequence until a matching
host name is found or an EOF marker is reached.
Return Value and h_errno Value: The return value points to static data that
subsequent API calls can modify. This call returns a pointer to a hostent
structure for the host address specified on the call and indicates success. A
NULL pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The <NETDB.H> header file defines the hostent structure and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
h_name Official name of the host
h_aliases Zero-terminated array of alternative names for the host
h_addrtype The address family of the network address being
returned, always set to AF_INET
h_length Length of the address in bytes
h_addr Pointer to the network address of the host
The value of h_errno indicates the specific error.
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Γöé H_ERRNO VALUE Γöé CODE Γöé DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé HOST_NOT_FOUND Γöé 1 Γöé The host specified by the name parameter is Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé not found. Γöé
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Γöé TRY_AGAIN Γöé 2 Γöé The local server does not receive a response Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé from an authorized server. Try again later. Γöé
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Γöé NO_RECOVERY Γöé 3 Γöé This error code indicates an unrecoverable Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé error. Γöé
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Γöé NO_DATA Γöé 4 Γöé The requested name is valid, but does not Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé have an internet address at the name server. Γöé
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Γöé NO_ADDRESS Γöé 4 Γöé The requested name is valid, but does not Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé have an internet address at the name server. Γöé
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.10. gethostent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the next entry in the HOSTS file.
#include <manifest.h>
#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent *gethostent()
Description: This call returns a pointer to the next entry in the HOSTS file.
Return Value: The return value points to static data that subsequent API calls
can modify. This call returns a pointer to a hostent structure for the host
address specified on the call and indicates success. A NULL pointer indicates
an error or EOF.
The <NETDB.H> header file defines the hostent structure and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
h_name Official name of the host
h_aliases Zero-terminated array of alternative names for the host
h_addrtype The address family of the network address being
returned, always set to AF_INET
h_length Length of the address in bytes
h_addr Pointer to the network address of the host
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.11. gethostid() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns the unique identifier of the current host.
#include <types.h>
u_long gethostid()
Description: This call gets the unique 32-bit identifier in network-byte order
for the current host.
Return Value: The gethostid() call returns the 32-bit identifier, in
network-byte order of the current host, which should be unique across all
hosts.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.12. gethostname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Gets the standard host name for the local host machine.
#include <netdb.h>
int gethostname(name, namelen)
char *name;
int namelen;
Parameter Description
name Pointer to a buffer
namelen Length of the buffer
Description: This call copies the standard host name for the local host into
the buffer specified by the name parameter. The returned name is a
null-terminated string.
Return Value: The value 0 indicates success; the value -1 indicates an error.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.13. getnetbyaddr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the NETWORKS file entry that contains the specified
network address.
#include <netdb.h>
struct netent *getnetbyaddr(net, type)
u_long net;
int type;
Parameter Description
net Network address
type Address family supported (AF_INET)
Description: The getnetbyaddr() call searches the ETC\NETWORKS file for the
specified network address.
Return Value: The return value points to static data that subsequent API
calls can modify. A pointer to a netent structure indicates success. A NULL
pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The netent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
n_name Official name of the network
n_aliases An array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the network
n_addrtype The address family of the network address being
returned, always set to AF_INET
n_net Network number, returned in host-byte order
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.14. getnetbyname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the NETWORKS file entry that contains the specified
network name.
#include <netdb.h>
struct netent *getnetbyname(name)
char *name;
Parameter Description
name Pointer to a network name
Description: This call searches the ETC\NETWORKS file for the specified
network name.
Return Value: The getnetbyname() call returns a pointer to a netent structure
for the network name specified on the call. The return value points to static
data that subsequent API calls can modify. A pointer to a netent structure
indicates success. A NULL pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The netent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
n_name Official name of the network
n_aliases An array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the network
n_addrtype The address family of the network address being
returned, always set to AF_INET
n_net Network number, returned in host-byte order
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.15. getnetent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the next entry in the NETWORKS file.
#include <netdb.h>
struct netent *getnetent()
Description: This call returns a pointer to the next entry in the ETC\NETWORKS
file.
Return Value: The getnetent() call returns a pointer to the next entry in the
ETC\NETWORKS file. The return value points to static data that subsequent API
calls can modify. A pointer to a netent structure indicates success. A NULL
pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The netent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
n_name Official name of the network
n_aliases An array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the network
n_addrtype The address family of the network address being
returned, always set to AF_INET
n_net Network number, returned in host-byte order
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.16. getprotobyname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the PROTOCOL file entry specified by a protocol name.
#include <netdb.h>
struct protoent *getprotobyname(name)
char *name;
Parameter Description
name Pointer to the specified protocol
Description: This call searches the ETC\PROTOCOL file for the specified
protocol name.
Return Value: The getprotobyname() call returns a pointer to a protoent
structure for the network protocol specified on the call. The return value
points to static data that subsequent API calls can modify. A pointer to a
protoent structure indicates success. A NULL pointer indicates an error or
EOF.
The protoent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains
the following elements:
Element Description
p_name Official name of the protocol
p_aliases Array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the protocol
p_proto Protocol number
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.17. getprotobynumber() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the PROTOCOL file entry specified by a protocol number.
#include <netdb.h>
struct protoent * getprotobynumber(proto)
int proto;
Parameter Description
proto Protocol number
Description: This call searches the ETC\PROTOCOL file for the specified
protocol number.
Return Value: The getprotobynumber() call returns a pointer to a protoent
structure for the network protocol specified on the call. The return value
points to static data that subsequent API calls can modify. A pointer to a
protoent structure indicates success. A NULL pointer indicates an error or
EOF.
The protoent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains
the following elements:
Element Description
p_name Official name of the protocol
p_aliases Array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the protocol
p_proto Protocol number
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.18. getprotoent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the next entry in the PROTOCOL file.
#include <netdb.h>
struct protoent *getprotoent()
Description: This call searches for the next entry in the ETC\PROTOCOL file.
Return Value: The getprotoent() call returns a pointer to the next entry in
the file, ETC\PROTOCOL. The return value points to static data that subsequent
API calls can modify. A pointer to a protoent structure indicates success. A
NULL pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The protoent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
p_name Official name of the protocol
p_aliases Array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the protocol
p_proto Protocol number
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.19. getservbyname() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the SERVICES file entry specified by a service name.
#include <netdb.h>
struct servent *getservbyname(name, proto)
char *name;
char *proto;
Parameter Description
name Pointer to the service name
proto Pointer to the specified protocol
Description: This call searches the ETC\SERVICES file for the specified
service name, which must match the protocol if a protocol is stated.
Return Value: The call returns a pointer to a servent structure for the
network service specified on the call. The return value points to static data
that subsequent API calls can modify. A pointer to a servent structure
indicates success. A NULL pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The servent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
s_name Official name of the service
s_aliases Array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the service
s_port Port number of the service
s_proto Required protocol to contact the service
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.20. getservbyport() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the SERVICES file entry specified by a port number.
#include <netdb.h>
struct servent *getservbyport(port, proto)
int port;
char *proto;
Parameter Description
port Specified port
proto Pointer to the specified protocol
Description: This call sequentially searches the ETC\SERVICES file for the
specified port number, which must match the protocol if a protocol is stated.
Return Value: The getservbyport() call returns a pointer to a servent
structure for the port number specified on the call. The return value points
to static data that subsequent API calls can modify. A pointer to a servent
structure indicates success. A NULL pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The servent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
s_name Official name of the service
s_aliases Array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the service
s_port Port number of the service
s_proto Required protocol to contact the service
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.21. getservent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to the next entry in the SERVICES file.
#include <netdb.h>
struct servent *getservent()
Description: This call searches for the next line in the ETC\SERVICES file.
Return Value: The getservent() call returns a pointer to the next entry in the
ETC\SERVICES file. The return value points to static data that subsequent API
calls can modify. A pointer to a servent structure indicates success. A NULL
pointer indicates an error or EOF.
The servent structure is defined in the <NETDB.H> header file and contains the
following elements:
Element Description
s_name Official name of the service
s_aliases Array, terminated with a NULL pointer, of alternative
names for the service
s_port Port number of the service
s_proto Required protocol to contact the service
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.22. htonl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Translates a long integer from host-byte order to network-byte order.
#include <types.h>
#include <utils.h>
u_long htonl(a)
u_long a;
Parameter Description
a Unsigned long integer to be put into network-byte order
Description: This call translates a long integer from host-byte order to
network-byte order.
Return Value: Returns the translated long integer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.23. htons() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Translates a short integer from host-byte order to network-byte order.
#include <types.h>
#include <utils.h>
u_short htons(a)
u_short a;
Parameter Description
a Unsigned short integer to be put into network-byte order
Description: This call translates a short integer from host-byte order to
network-byte order.
Return Value: Returns the translated short integer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.24. inet_addr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Constructs an internet address from character strings representing numbers
expressed in standard dotted-decimal notation.
#include <types.h>
u_long inet_addr(cp)
char *cp;
Parameter Description
cp A character string in standard dotted-decimal notation
Description: This call interprets character strings representing numbers
expressed in standard dotted-decimal notation and returns numbers suitable for
use as an internet address.
Values specified in standard dotted-decimal notation take one of the following
forms:
a.b.c.d
a.b.c
a.b
a
When a four-part address is specified, each part is interpreted as a byte of
data and assigned, from left to right, to one of the 4 bytes of an internet
address.
When a three-part address is specified, the last part is interpreted as a
16-bit quantity and placed in the two rightmost bytes of the network address.
This makes the three-part address format convenient for specifying Class B
network addresses as 128.net.host.
When a two-part address is specified, the last part is interpreted as a 24-bit
quantity and placed in the three rightmost bytes of the network address. This
makes the two-part address format convenient for specifying Class A network
addresses as net.host.
When a one-part address is specified, the value is stored directly in the
network address space without any rearrangement of its bytes.
Numbers supplied as address parts in standard dotted-decimal notation can be
decimal, hexadecimal, or octal. Numbers are interpreted in C language syntax.
A leading 0x implies hexadecimal; a leading 0 implies octal. A number without
a leading 0 implies decimal.
Return Value: The internet address is returned in network-byte order.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.25. inet_lnaof() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns the local network portion of an internet address.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
u_long inet_lnaof(in)
struct in_addr in;
Parameter Description
in Host internet address
Description: This call breaks apart the internet host address and returns the
local network address portion.
Return Value: The local network address is returned in host-byte order.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.26. inet_makeaddr() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Constructs an internet address from a network number and a local address.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
struct in_addr inet_makeaddr(net, lna)
u_long net;
u_long lna;
Parameter Description
net Network number
lna Local network address
Description: This call takes a network number and a local network address and
constructs an internet address.
Return Value: The internet address is returned in network-byte order.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.27. inet_netof() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns the network portion of the internet host address in network-byte order.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
u_long inet_netof(in)
struct in_addr in;
Parameter Description
in Internet address in network-byte order
Description: This call breaks apart the internet host address and returns the
network number portion.
Return Value: The network number is returned in host-byte order.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.28. inet_network() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Constructs a network number from character strings representing numbers
expressed in standard dotted-decimal notation.
#include <types.h>
u_long inet_network(cp)
char *cp;
Parameter Description
cp A character string in standard dotted-decimal notation
Description: This call interprets character strings representing numbers
expressed in standard dotted-decimal notation and returns numbers suitable for
use as a network number.
Return Value: The network number is returned in host-byte order.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.29. inet_ntoa() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Returns a pointer to a string in dotted-decimal notation.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
char *inet_ntoa(in)
struct in_addr in;
Parameter Description
in Host internet address
Description: This call returns a pointer to a string expressed in the
dotted-decimal notation. The inet_ntoa() call accepts an internet address
expressed as a 32-bit quantity in network-byte order and returns a string
expressed in dotted-decimal notation.
Return Value: Returns a pointer to the internet address expressed in
dotted-decimal notation.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.30. lswap() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Swaps bytes in a long integer.
#include <types.h>
#include <utils.h>
u_long lswap(a)
u_long a;
Parameter Description
a Unsigned long integer whose bytes are to be swapped
Description: This call swaps bytes in a long integer.
Return Value: Returns the translated long integer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.31. ntohl() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Translates a long integer from network-byte order to host-byte order.
#include <types.h>
#include <utils.h>
u_long ntohl(a)
u_long a;
Parameter Description
a Unsigned long integer to be put into host-byte order
Description: This call translates a long integer from network-byte order to
host-byte order.
Return Value: Returns the translated long integer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.32. ntohs() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Translates a short integer from network-byte order to host-byte order.
#include <types.h>
#include <utils.h>
u_short ntohs(a)
u_short a;
Parameter Description
a Unsigned short integer to be put into host-byte order
Description: This call translates a short integer from network-byte order to
host-byte order.
Return Value: The ntohs() call returns the translated short integer.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.33. res_init() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Reads the RESOLV file for the default domain name.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
#include <arpa\nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
void res_init()
Description: This call reads the ETC\RESOLV file for the default domain name
and for the internet address of the initial hosts running the name server. If
that file does not exist, the call attempts name resolution using the ETC\HOSTS
file. One of these files should be operational.
The call stores domain name information in the global _res structure, which is
defined in the <RESOLV.H> header file.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.34. res_mkquery() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Makes a query message for the name servers in the internet domain.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
#include <arpa\nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
int res_mkquery (op, dname, class, type, data, datalen, newrr, buf, buflen)
int op;
char *dname;
int class;
int type;
char *data;
int datalen;
struct rrec *newrr;
char *buf;
int buflen;
Parameter Description
op The usual type is QUERY, but you can set the parameter to any
query type defined in the <ARPA\NAMESER.H> header file.
dname Pointer to the domain name. If dname points to a single label
and the RES_DEFNAMES bit in the _res structure defined in the
<RESOLV.H> header file is set, the call appends dname to the
current domain name. The current domain name is defined in the
ETC\RESOLV file.
class One of the following values:
C_IN ARPA internet
C_CHAOS Chaos network at MIT
type One of the following type values for resources and queries:
T_A Host address
T_NS Authoritative server
T_MD Mail destination
T_MF Mail forwarder
T_CNAME Canonical name
T_SOA Start of authority zone
T_MB Mailbox domain name
T_MG Mail group member
T_MR Mail rename name
T_NULL NULL resource record
T_WKS Well-known service
T_PTR Domain name pointer
T_HINFO Host information
T_MINFO Mailbox information
T_MX Mail routing information
T_UINFO User information
T_UID User ID
T_GID Group ID
data Pointer to the data sent to the name server as a search key
datalen Size of the data parameter in bytes
newrr Reserved. Unused parameter.
buf Pointer to the query message
buflen Length of the buffer in bytes pointed to by the buf parameter
Description: This call makes a query message for the name servers in the
internet domain and puts that query message in the location pointed by the buf
parameter. It uses global _res structure, which is defined in the <RESOLV.H>
header file.
Return Value: If it succeeds, the res_mkquery() call returns the size of the
query. If the query is larger than the value of buflen, the call fails and
returns a value of -1.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.35. res_send() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Sends a query to a local name server.
#include <types.h>
#include <netinet\in.h>
#include <arpa\nameser.h>
#include <resolv.h>
int re_send(msg, msglen, ans, anslen)
char *msg;
int msglen;
char *ans;
int anslen;
Parameter Description
msg Pointer to the beginning of a message
msglen Length of the buffer in bytes pointed to by the msg parameter
ans Pointer to the location where the received response is stored
anslen Length of the buffer in bytes pointed by the ans parameter
Description: This call sends a query to the local name server and calls the
res_init() call if the RES_INIT option of the global _res structure is not
set. It also handles timeouts and retries. It uses the global _res structure,
which is defined in the <RESOLV.H> header file.
Return Value: If it succeeds, the call returns the length of the message. If
it fails, the call returns a value of -1.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.36. sethostent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Opens and rewinds the HOSTS file.
#include <stdio.h>
void sethostent(stayopen)
int stayopen;
Parameter Description
stayopen Allows the ETC\HOSTS file to stay open after each call
Description: This call opens and rewinds the ETC\HOSTS file. If the stayopen
parameter is nonzero, the ETC\HOSTS file stays open after each of the gethost
calls.
Return Value: The sethostent() call returns a global pointer to the FILE
structure defined in the <STDIO.H> header file. A NULL pointer indicates an
error or EOF.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.37. setnetent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Opens and rewinds the NETWORKS file.
#include <stdio.h>
void setnetent(stayopen)
int stayopen;
Parameter Description
stayopen Allows the ETC\NETWORKS file to stay open after each call
Description: This call opens and rewinds the ETC\NETWORKS file, which
contains information about known networks. If the stayopen parameter is
nonzero, the ETC\NETWORKS file stays open after each of the getnet calls.
Return Value: The setnetent() call returns a global pointer to the FILE
structure defined in the <STDIO.H> header file. A NULL pointer indicates an
error or EOF.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.38. setprotoent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Opens and rewinds the PROTOCOL file.
#include <stdio.h>
void setprotoent(stayopen)
int stayopen;
Parameter Description
stayopen Allows the ETC\PROTOCOL file to stay open after each call
Description: This call opens and rewinds the ETC\PROTOCOL file, which
contains information about known protocols. If the stayopen parameter is
nonzero, the ETC\PROTOCOL file stays open after each of the getproto calls.
Return Value: The setprotoent() call returns a global pointer to the FILE
structure defined in the <STDIO.H> header file. A NULL pointer indicates an
error or EOF.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 7.39. setservent() ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
Opens and rewinds the SERVICES file.
#include <stdio.h>
void setservent(stayopen)
int stayopen;
Parameter Description
stayopen Allows the ETC\SERVICES file to stay open after each call
Description: This call opens and rewinds the ETC\SERVICES file, which
contains information about known services and well-known ports. If the
stayopen parameter is nonzero, the ETC\SERVICES file stays open after each of
the getserv calls.
Return Value: The setservent() call returns a global pointer to the FILE
structure defined in the <STDIO.H> header file. A NULL pointer indicates an
error or EOF.
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 8. Socket Error Return Code Constants ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following table provides the error constants set by socket calls. This
table can be found in the <NERRNO.H> header file. For further system error
return code numbers, refer to the compiler <ERRNO.H> header file.
You can use the psock_errno() call to write short error messages to the
standard error device. Refer to psock_errno() for additional information.
#define SOCBASEERR 0
/*
* SOCKET API definitions of error constants
*/
#define SOCEPERM 1 /* Not owner */
#define SOCESRCH 3 /* No such process */
#define SOCEINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */
#define SOCENXIO 6 /* No such device or address */
#define SOCEBADF 9 /* Bad file number */
#define SOCEACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
#define SOCEFAULT 14 /* Bad address */
#define SOCEINVAL 22 /* Invalid argument */
#define SOCEMFILE 24 /* Too many open files */
#define SOCEPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe */
#define SOCEOS2ERR 100 /* OS/2 Error */
/*
* Networking-related BSD errno values.
*/
#define EWOULDBLOCK 35 /* Operation would block */
#define EINPROGRESS 36 /* Operation now in progress */
#define EALREADY 37 /* Operation already in progress */
#define ENOTSOCK 38 /* Socket operation on nonsocket */
#define EDESTADDRREQ 39 /* Destination address required */
#define EMSGSIZE 40 /* Message too long */
#define EPROTOTYPE 41 /* Protocol wrong type for socket */
#define ENOPROTOOPT 42 /* Protocol not available */
#define EPROTONOSUPPORT 43 /* Protocol not supported */
#define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 44 /* Socket type not supported */
#define EOPNOTSUPP 45 /* Operation not supported on socket */
#define EPFNOSUPPORT 46 /* Protocol family not supported */
#define EAFNOSUPPORT 47 /* Address family not supported by protocol family * /
#define EADDRINUSE 48 /* Address already in use */
#define EADDRNOTAVAIL 49 /* Cannot assign requested address */
#define ENETDOWN 50 /* Network is down */
#define ENETUNREACH 51 /* Network is unreachable */
#define ENETRESET 52 /* Network dropped connection on reset */
#define ECONNABORTED 53 /* Software caused connection to stop */
#define ECONNRESET 54 /* Connection reset by peer */
#define ENOBUFS 55 /* No buffer space available */
#define EISCONN 56 /* Socket is already connected */
#define ENOTCONN 57 /* Socket is not connected */
#define ESHUTDOWN 58 /* Cannot send after socket shutdown */
#define ETOOMANYREFS 59 /* Too many references: cannot splice */
#define ETIMEDOUT 60 /* Connection timed out */
#define ECONNREFUSED 61 /* Connection refused */
#define ELOOP 62 /* Too many levels of symbolic links */
#define ENAMETOOLONG 63 /* File name too long */
#define EHOSTDOWN 64 /* Host is down */
#define EHOSTUNREACH 65 /* No route to host */
#define ENOTEMPTY 66 /* Directory not empty */
/*
* OS/2 SOCKET API definitions of regular BSD error constants
*/
#define SOCEWOULDBLOCK EWOULDBLOCK
#define SOCEINPROGRESS EINPROGRESS
#define SOCEALREADY EALREADY
#define SOCENOTSOCK ENOTSOCK
#define SOCEDESTADDRREQ EDESTADDRREQ
#define SOCEMSGSIZE EMSGSIZE
#define SOCEPROTOTYPE EPROTOTYPE
#define SOCENOPROTOOPT ENOPROTOOPT
#define SOCEPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTONOSUPPORT
#define SOCESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
#define SOCEOPNOTSUPP EOPNOTSUPP
#define SOCEPFNOSUPPORT EPFNOSUPPORT
#define SOCEAFNOSUPPORT EAFNOSUPPORT
#define SOCEADDRINUSE EADDRINUSE
#define SOCEADDRNOTAVAIL EADDRNOTAVAIL
#define SOCENETDOWN ENETDOWN
#define SOCENETUNREACH ENETUNREACH
#define SOCENETRESET ENETRESET
#define SOCECONNABORTED ECONNABORTED
#define SOCECONNRESET ECONNRESET
#define SOCENOBUFS ENOBUFS
#define SOCEISCONN EISCONN
#define SOCENOTCONN ENOTCONN
#define SOCESHUTDOWN ESHUTDOWN
#define SOCETOOMANYREFS ETOOMANYREFS
#define SOCETIMEDOUT ETIMEDOUT
#define SOCECONNREFUSED ECONNREFUSED
#define SOCELOOP ELOOP
#define SOCENAMETOOLONG ENAMETOOLONG
#define SOCEHOSTDOWN EHOSTDOWN
#define SOCEHOSTUNREACH EHOSTUNREACH
#define SOCENOTEMPTY ENOTEMPTY
ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 9. Well-Known Port Assignments ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
The following table is a list of the well-known ports supported by TCP/IP. It
provides the port number, keyword, and a description of the reserved port
assignment. Port numbers of less than 1024 are reserved for system
applications. You can also find a list of some of these well-known port numbers
in the ETC\SERVICES file.
TCP Well-Known Port Assignments
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 21. TCP Well-Known Port Assignments Γöé
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Γöé PORT Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé NUMBER Γöé KEYWORD Γöé RESERVED FOR Γöé SERVICES DESCRIPTION Γöé
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Γöé 0 Γöé Γöé reserved Γöé Γöé
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Γöé 5 Γöé RJE Γöé remote job entry Γöé remote job entry Γöé
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Γöé 7 Γöé ECHO Γöé echo Γöé echo Γöé
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Γöé 9 Γöé DISCARD Γöé discard Γöé sink null Γöé
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Γöé 11 Γöé SYSTAT Γöé active users Γöé active users Γöé
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Γöé 13 Γöé DAYTIME Γöé daytime Γöé daytime Γöé
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Γöé 15 Γöé NETSTAT Γöé Netstat Γöé who is up or Netstat Γöé
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Γöé 19 Γöé CHARGEN Γöé ttytst source Γöé character generator Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 21 Γöé FTP Γöé FTP Γöé File Transfer Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 23 Γöé TELNET Γöé Telnet Γöé Telnet Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 25 Γöé SMTP Γöé mail Γöé Simple Mail Transfer Pro- Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé tocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 37 Γöé TIME Γöé timeserver Γöé timeserver Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 39 Γöé RLP Γöé resource Γöé Resource Location Pro- Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé tocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 42 Γöé NAMESERVERΓöé name Γöé host name server Γöé
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Γöé 43 Γöé NICNAME Γöé who is Γöé who is Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 53 Γöé DOMAIN Γöé name server Γöé domain name server Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 57 Γöé MTP Γöé private terminal access Γöé private terminal access Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 69 Γöé TFTP Γöé TFTP Γöé Trivial File Transfer Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 77 Γöé Γöé netrjs Γöé any private RJE service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 79 Γöé FINGER Γöé finger Γöé finger Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 87 Γöé LINK Γöé ttylink Γöé any private terminal link Γöé
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Γöé 95 Γöé SUPDUP Γöé supdup Γöé SUPDUP Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 101 Γöé HOSTNAME Γöé hostname Γöé nic hostname server, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé usually from SRI-NIC Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 109 Γöé POP Γöé postoffice Γöé Post Office Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 111 Γöé SUNRPC Γöé sunrpc Γöé Sun remote procedure call Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 113 Γöé AUTH Γöé authentication Γöé authentication service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 115 Γöé SFTP Γöé sftp Γöé Simple File Transfer Pro- Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé tocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 117 Γöé UUCP-PATH Γöé UUCP path service Γöé UUCP path service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 119 Γöé UNTP Γöé readnews untp Γöé USENET News Transfer Pro- Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé tocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 123 Γöé NTP Γöé NTP Γöé Network Time Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 160 Γöé Γöé reserved Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 161 Γöé SNMP Γöé SNMP Agent Γöé SNMP Agent receives Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé packets Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 162 Γöé SNMPTRAP Γöé SNMP Client Γöé SNMP Client receives SNMP Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé TRAPs Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 21. TCP Well-Known Port Assignments Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé PORT Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé NUMBER Γöé KEYWORD Γöé RESERVED FOR Γöé SERVICES DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 163-223 Γöé Γöé reserved Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 449 Γöé AS-SVRMAP Γöé mapper function for Γöé servers for signon, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé AS/400 servers Γöé central management, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé network print, database, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé stream file, data queue, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé and remote command and Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé distributed program Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé calls. Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 712 Γöé VEXEC Γöé vice-exec Γöé Andrew File System Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé authenticated service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 713 Γöé VLOGIN Γöé vice-login Γöé Andrew File System Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé authenticated service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 714 Γöé VSHELL Γöé vice-shell Γöé Andrew File System Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé authenticated service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2001 Γöé FILESRV Γöé Γöé Andrew File System Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2106 Γöé VENUS.ITC Γöé Γöé Andrew File System Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé service, for the Venus Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé process Γöé
ΓööΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö┤ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÿ
UDP Well-Known Port Assignments
ΓöîΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÉ
Γöé Table 22. UDP Well-Known Port Assignments Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö¼ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé PORT Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé
Γöé NUMBER Γöé KEYWORD Γöé RESERVED FOR Γöé SERVICES DESCRIPTION Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 0 Γöé Γöé reserved Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 5 Γöé RJE Γöé remote job entry Γöé remote job entry Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 7 Γöé ECHO Γöé echo Γöé echo Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 9 Γöé DISCARD Γöé discard Γöé sink null Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 11 Γöé USERS Γöé active users Γöé active users Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 13 Γöé DAYTIME Γöé daytime Γöé daytime Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 15 Γöé NETSTAT Γöé Netstat Γöé Netstat Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 19 Γöé CHARGEN Γöé ttytst source Γöé character generator Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 37 Γöé TIME Γöé timeserver Γöé timeserver Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 39 Γöé RLP Γöé resource Γöé Resource Location Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 42 Γöé NAMESERVERΓöé name Γöé host name server Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 43 Γöé NICNAME Γöé who is Γöé who is Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 53 Γöé DOMAIN Γöé name server Γöé domain name server Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 67 Γöé BOOTPS Γöé bootps Γöé bootp server Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 68 Γöé BOOTPC Γöé bootpc Γöé bootp client Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 69 Γöé TFTP Γöé TFTP Γöé Trivial File Transfer Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 75 Γöé Γöé Γöé any private dial out service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 77 Γöé Γöé netrjs Γöé any private RJE service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 79 Γöé FINGER Γöé finger Γöé finger Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 111 Γöé SUNRPC Γöé sunrpc Γöé Sun remote procedure call Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 123 Γöé NTP Γöé NTP Γöé Network Time Protocol Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 135 Γöé LLBD Γöé NCS LLBD Γöé NCS local location broker Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé daemon Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 160-223 Γöé Γöé reserved Γöé Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 531 Γöé RVD-CONTROΓöé Γöé rvd control port Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2001 Γöé RAUTH2 Γöé Γöé Andrew File System service, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé for the Venus process Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2002 Γöé RFILEBULK Γöé Γöé Andrew File System service, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé for the Venus process Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2003 Γöé RFILESRV Γöé Γöé Andrew File System service, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé for the Venus process Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2018 Γöé CONSOLE Γöé Γöé Andrew File System service Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2115 Γöé ROPCONS Γöé Γöé Andrew File System service, Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé for the Venus process Γöé
Γö£ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓö╝ΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöÇΓöñ
Γöé 2131 Γöé RUPDSRV Γöé Γöé assigned in pairs; bulk must Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé be SRV +1 Γöé
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Γöé 2132 Γöé RUPDBULK Γöé Γöé assigned in pairs; bulk must Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé be SRV +1 Γöé
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Γöé 2133 Γöé RUPDSRV1 Γöé Γöé assigned in pairs; bulk must Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé be SRV +1 Γöé
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Γöé 2134 Γöé RUPDBULK1 Γöé Γöé assigned in pairs; bulk must Γöé
Γöé Γöé Γöé Γöé be SRV +1 Γöé
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10. Notices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
First Edition (June, 1996)
The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any country
where such provisions are inconsistent with local law: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
MACHINES CORPORATION PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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transactions, therefore, this statement may not apply to you.
This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be
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and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this
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about, IBM products (machines and programs), programming, or services that are
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construed to mean that IBM intends to announce such IBM products, programming,
or services in your country.
Requests for technical information about IBM products should be made to your
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.1. Copyright Notices ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
COPYRIGHT LICENSE: This publication contains printed sample application
programs in source language, which illustrate OS/2 programming techniques. You
may copy, modify, and distribute these sample programs in any form without
payment to IBM, for the purposes of developing, using, marketing or
distributing application programs conforming to the OS/2 application
programming interface.
Each copy of any portion of these sample programs or any derivative work, which
is distributed to others, must include a copyright notice as follows: "(C)
(your company name) (year). All rights reserved."
(C)Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1993, 1996. All
rights reserved.
Note to U.S. Government Users - Documentation related to restricted rights -
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ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ 10.2. Disclaimers ΓòÉΓòÉΓòÉ
References in this publication to IBM products, programs, or services do not
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