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Table.hs
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1995-02-14
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{------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLES
A Table is a set of entries, each containing a key and an associated value, the
key being used to look up the value.
In database-style applications, the value may be a record, and the key may be a
field in it. The normal effect of sharing of subexpressions should avoid
serious space problems. However, `computed' keys may cause a space problem.
Keys are assumed to be unique. The effect of non-unique keys can be obtained by
associated a list value such as [v1,v2,...] with each key.
With the `enterList' function, the first entry for a key takes precedence over
any later ones with the same key. This allows a table to be built `lazily', the
entries in the list only being evaluated as needed to satisfy `find' calls.
REQUIREMENTS:
The results module `result.g' must be loaded before this one.
The key type must be ordered (an instance of class Ord).
EXPORTS:
Table k v the type of tables; k and v are the key and value types
newTable an empty table
enter t k v add entry to t (no effect if old entry for k exists)
enterList t es add a list of (key,val) pairs to t
update t k v change entry in t (or add new entry if necessary)
updateList t es change a list of (key,val) pairs in t
find t k lookup k in t giving (success v) or (failure "not found")
delete t k remove entry in t for key k (if any)
entries t return list of all (key,val) pairs in t in key order
------------------------------------------------------------------------------}
module Table where
import Result
-- The implementation here uses a binary search tree, giving `log n' time
-- operations, provided that the tree remains well-balanced. Eventually, there
-- should be a constant-time version with the same semantics.
data Table k v = Empty | Fork (Table k v) (k,v) (Table k v)
newTable = Empty
find Empty key = failure "not found"
find (Fork left (k,v) right) key
| key < k = find left key
| key == k = success v
| key > k = find right key
enter Empty key val = Fork Empty (key,val) Empty
enter (Fork left (k,v) right) key val
| key < k = Fork (enter left key val) (k,v) right
| key == k = Fork left (k,v) right
| key > k = Fork left (k,v) (enter right key val)
update Empty key val = Fork Empty (key,val) Empty
update (Fork left (k,v) right) key val
| key < k = Fork (update left key val) (k,v) right
| key == k = Fork left (key,val) right
| key > k = Fork left (k,v) (update right key val)
delete Empty key = Empty
delete (Fork left (k,v) right) key
| key < k = Fork (delete left key) (k,v) right
| key == k = graft left right
| key > k = Fork left (k,v) (delete right key)
where
graft left Empty = left
graft left right = Fork left e right' where (e,right') = leftmost right
leftmost (Fork Empty e r) = (e,r)
leftmost (Fork l e r) = (e2, Fork l' e r) where (e2,l') = leftmost l
-- `enterList t es' adds a list of new entries. It is lazy in es (but may build
-- a poorly balanced tree).
enterList t [] = t
enterList Empty (e:res) = Fork left e right where
k = fst e
left = enterList Empty [e1 | e1<-res, fst e1 < k]
right = enterList Empty [e1 | e1<-res, fst e1 > k]
enterList (Fork left e right) es = Fork left' e right' where
k = fst e
left' = enterList left [e1 | e1<-es, fst e1 < k]
right' = enterList right [e1 | e1<-es, fst e1 > k]
-- `updateList t es' makes a list of updates. It is strict in es, and optimised
-- to produce a well balanced tree. it can be used with es==[] purely to
-- rebalance the tree.
updateList t es = balance (mergeKey (entries t) (unique (sortKey es))) where
balance [] = Empty
balance es = Fork left (es!!m) right where
left = balance (take m es)
right = balance (drop (m+1) es)
m = length es `div` 2
unique [] = []
unique [e] = [e]
unique ((k1,v1):(k2,v2):res) =
if k1==k2 then unique ((k2,v2):res) else (k1,v1) : unique ((k2,v2):res)
sortKey kvs = foldr insertKey [] kvs where
insertKey kv [] = [kv]
insertKey (k1,v1) ((k2,v2):res)
| k1 <= k2 = (k1,v1):(k2,v2):res
| otherwise = (k2,v2):insertKey (k1,v1) res
mergeKey [] kvs = kvs
mergeKey kvs [] = kvs
mergeKey ((k1,v1):kvs1) ((k2,v2):kvs2)
| k1 <= k2 = (k1,v1) : mergeKey kvs1 ((k2,v2):kvs2)
| otherwise = (k2,v2) : mergeKey ((k1,v1):kvs1) kvs2
-- `entries t' returns the list of entries in t, sorted by key. Inefficient
-- unless tree-optimised version of ++ is used.
entries Empty = []
entries (Fork left e right) = entries left ++ [e] ++ entries right