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##########################################################################
#
# Name: hebcalen.icn
#
# Title: Combination Jewish/Civil calendar
#
# Author: Alan D. Corre
#
# Date: June 4, 1991
#
##########################################################################
#
# This work is respectfully devoted to the authors of two books
# consulted with much profit: "A Guide to the Solar-Lunar Calendar"
# by B. Elihu Rothblatt published by our sister Hebrew Dept. in
# Madison, Wis., and "Kiddush HaHodesh" by Rabbenu Moses ben Maimon,
# on whom be peace.
#
# The Jewish year harmonizes the solar and lunar cycle, using the
# 19-year cycle of Meton (c. 432 BCE). It corrects so that certain
# dates shall not fall on certain days for religious convenience. The
# Jewish year has six possible lengths, 353, 354, 355, 383, 384, and
# 385 days, according to day and time of new year lunation and
# position in Metonic cycle. Time figures from 6pm previous night.
# The lunation of year 1 is calculated to be on a Monday (our Sunday
# night) at ll:11:20pm. Our data table begins with a hypothetical
# year 0, corresponding to 3762 B.C.E. Calculations in this program
# are figured in the ancient Babylonian unit of halaqim "parts" of
# the hour = 1/1080 hour.
#
# Startup syntax is simply hebcalen [date], where date is a year
# specification of the form 5750 for a Jewish year, +1990 or 1990AD
# or 1990CE or -1990 or 1990BC or 1990BCE for a civil year.
#
##########################################################################
#
# Requires: keyboard functions, hebcalen.dat, hebcalen.hlp
#
##########################################################################
#
# See also: hcal4unx.icn
#
##########################################################################
record date(yr,mth,day)
record molad(day,halaqim)
global cyr,jyr,days_in_jyr,current_molad,current_day,infolist
procedure main(cmd)
local n, p
clear()
banner("PERPETUAL JEWISH/CIVIL CALENDAR","","by","","ALAN D. CORRE")
if *cmd = 0 then {
#putting an asterisk indicates that user might need help
n := 1; put(cmd,"*")} else
n := *cmd
every p := 1 to n do {
initialize(cmd[p])
process()}
end
procedure banner(l[])
#Creates a banner to begin programs. If you don't have the extended ASCII
#character set, replace each char(n) with some character that you have
#such as " " or "-"
#Does not work well if your screen has variable spacing.
local n
write();write();write()
writes(char(201)) #top left right angle
writes(repl(char(205),78)) #straight line
writes(char(187)) #top right right angle
writes(char(186)) #upright line at left
writes(right(char(186),79)) #upright line at right
every n := 1 to *l do {
writes(char(186)) #upright line at left
writes(center(l[n],78),char(186)) #string centered followed by upright line
writes(char(186)) #upright line at left
writes(right(char(186),79)) #upright line at right
}
writes(char(200)) #bottom left right angle
writes(repl(char(205),78)) #straight line
write(char(188)) #bottom right right angle
write()
return
end
procedure instructions(filename)
#Gives user access to a help file which is printed out in chunks.
local filvar,counter,line
writes("Do you need instructions? y/n ")
if upto('yY',read()) then {
#The following if-statement fails if the file is not available
counter := 0
if filvar := open(filename) then
#Read the help file.
while line := read(filvar) do {
#Write out a line and increment the counter
write(line)
counter +:= 1
#Now we have a screenful; ask if we should continue
if counter >22 then {
write()
writes ("More? y/n ")
#User has had enough; break out of loop
if upto('nN',read()) then break else
#User wants more; reset counter and continue
counter := 0}} else
#This else goes with the second if-statement; the attempt to open the
#help file failed:
write("Sorry, instructions not available.")}
write ("Press return to continue.")
read()
#Close the file if it existed and was opened. If it was never opened
#the value of filvar will be null. This check has to be made because
#an attempt to use close() on a variable NOT valued at a file would
#cause an error.
/filvar | close(filvar)
end
procedure clear()
#clears the screen. If you don't have ANSI omit the next line
writes("\e[2J")
end
procedure initialize_list()
#while user views banner, put info of calendar.dat into a global list
local infile,n
infolist := list(301)
if not (infile := open("calendar.dat")) then
stop("This program must have the file CALENDAR.DAT on line in order to _
function properly.")
#the table is arranged arbitrarily at twenty year intervals with 301 entries.
every n := 1 to 301 do
infolist[n] := read(infile)
close(infile)
end
procedure initialize_variables()
#get the closest previous year in the table
local line,quotient
quotient := jyr.yr / 20 + 1
#only 301 entries. Figure from last if necessary.
if quotient > 301 then quotient := 301
#pull the appropriate info, put into global variables
line := infolist[quotient]
line ? { current_molad.day := tab(upto('%'))
move(1)
current_molad.halaqim := tab(upto('%'))
move(1)
cyr.mth := tab(upto('%'))
move(1)
cyr.day := tab(upto('%'))
move(1)
cyr.yr := tab(upto('%'))
days_in_jyr := line[-3:0]
}
#begin at rosh hashana
jyr.day := 1
jyr.mth := 7
return
end
procedure initialize(yr)
local year
#initialize global variables
initial { cyr := date(0,0,0)
jyr := date(0,0,0)
current_molad := molad(0,0)
initialize_list()}
clear()
#user may need help
if yr == "*" then {
instructions("CALENDAR.HLP")
clear()
writes("Please enter the year. If you are entering a CIVIL year, precede _
by + for \ncurrent era, - (the minus sign) for before current era. ")
year := read()} else
year := yr
while not (jyr.yr := cleanup(year)) do {
writes("I do not understand ",year,". Please try again ")
year := read()}
clear()
initialize_variables()
return
end
procedure cleanup(str)
#tidy up the string. Bugs still possible.
if (not upto('.+-',str)) & integer(str) & (str > 0) then return str
if upto('-bB',str) then return (0 < (3761 - checkstr(str)))
if upto('+cCaA',str) then return (checkstr(str) + 3760)
fail
end
procedure checkstr(s)
#does preliminary work on string before cleanup() cleans it up
local letter,n,newstr
newstr := ""
every n := 1 to *s do
if integer(s[n]) then
newstr ||:= s[n]
if (*newstr = 0) | (newstr = 0) then fail
return newstr
end
procedure process()
local ans, yj, n
#gets out the information
local limit,dj,dc
#this contains a correction
#6039 is last year handled by the table in the usual way
#The previous line should read 6019. Code has been corrected to erase
#this mistake.
if jyr.yr <= 6019 then {
limit := jyr.yr % 20
jyr.yr := ((jyr.yr / 20) * 20)} else {
#otherwise figure from 6020 and good luck
#This has been corrected to 6000
limit := jyr.yr - 6000
jyr.yr := 6000}
ans := "y"
establish_jyr()
every 1 to limit do {
#tell user something is going on
writes(" .")
#increment the years, establish the type of Jewish year
cyr_augment()
jyr_augment()
establish_jyr()}
clear()
while upto('Yy',ans) do {
yj := jyr.yr
dj := days_in_jyr
every n := 1 to 4 do {
clear()
every 1 to 3 do
write_a_month()
write("Press the space bar to continue")
write()
writes(status_line(yj,dj))
#be sure that your version of Icon recognises the function getch()
getch()}
if jyr.mth = 6 then {
clear()
write_a_month()
every 1 to 15 do write()
write(status_line(yj,dj))}
write()
writes("Do you wish to continue? Enter y<es> or n<o>. ")
#be sure that your version of Icon recognises the function getch()
ans := getch()}
return
end
procedure cyr_augment()
#Make civil year a year later, we only need consider Aug,Sep,Oct.
local days,newmonth,newday
if cyr.mth = 8 then
days := 0 else
if cyr.mth = 9 then
days := 31 else
if cyr.mth = 10 then
days := 61 else
stop("Error in cyr_augment")
writes(" .")
days := (days + cyr.day-365+days_in_jyr)
if isleap(cyr.yr + 1) then days -:= 1
#cos it takes longer to get there
if days <= 31 then {newmonth := 8; newday := days} else
if days <= 61 then {newmonth := 9; newday := days-31} else
{newmonth := 10; newday := days-61}
cyr.mth := newmonth
cyr.day := newday
cyr.yr +:= 1
if cyr.yr = 0 then cyr.yr := 1
return
end
procedure header()
#creates the header for Jewish and English side. If ANSI not available,
#substitute "S" for "\e[7mS\e[0m" each time.
write(repl(" ",7),"S",repl(" ",2),"M",repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"W",
repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"F",repl(" ",2),"\e[7mS\e[0m",repl(" ",27),
"S",repl(" ",2),"M",repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"W",
repl(" ",2),"T",repl(" ",2),"F",repl(" ",2),"\e[7mS\e[0m")
end
procedure write_a_month()
#writes a month on the screen
header()
every 1 to 5 do
write(make_a_line())
if jyr.day ~= 1 then
write(make_a_line())
write()
return
end
procedure status_line(a,b)
#create the status line at the bottom of screen
local sline,c,d
c := cyr.yr
if (cyr.day = 1) & (cyr.mth = 1) then c -:= 1
d := 365
if isleap(c) then d := 366
#if ANSI not available omit "\e[7m" and "|| "\e[0m""
sline := ("\e[7mYear of Creation: " || a || " Days in year: " || b ||
" Civil year: " || c || " Days in year: " || d || "\e[0m")
return sline
end
procedure make_a_line()
#make a single line of the months
local line,blanks1,blanks2,start_point,end_point,flag,fm
#consider the first line of the month
if jyr.day = 1 then {
line := mth_table(jyr.mth,1)
#setting flag means insert civil month at end of line
flag := 1 } else
line := repl(" ",3)
#consider the case where first day of civil month is on Sunday
if (cyr.day = 1) & (current_day = 1) then flag := 1
#space between month name and beginning of calendar
line ||:= repl(" ",2)
#measure indentation for first line
line ||:= blanks1 := repl(" ",3*(current_day-1))
#establish start point for Hebrew loop
start_point := current_day
#establish end point for Hebrew loop and run civil loop
every end_point := start_point to 7 do {
line ||:= right(jyr.day,3)
if not j_augment() then {jyr_augment(); establish_jyr(); current_day -:= 1; if current_day = 0 then current_day := 7}
d_augment()
if jyr.day = 1 then break }
#measure indentation for last line
blanks2 := repl(" ",3*(7-end_point))
line ||:= blanks2; line ||:= repl(" ",25); line ||:= blanks1
every start_point to end_point do {
line ||:= right(cyr.day,3)
if (cyr.day = 1) then flag := 1
augment()}
line ||:= blanks2 ||:= repl(" ",3)
fm := cyr.mth
if cyr.day = 1 then
if cyr.mth = 1 then fm := 12 else fm := cyr.mth - 1
if \flag then line ||:= mth_table(fm,2) else
line ||:= repl(" ",3)
return line
end
procedure mth_table(n,p)
#generates the short names of Jewish and Civil months. Get to civil side
#by adding 13 (=max no of Jewish months)
static corresp
initial corresp := ["NIS","IYA","SIV","TAM","AV ","ELU","TIS","HES","KIS",
"TEV","SHE","ADA","AD2","JAN","FEB","MAR","APR","MAY","JUN","JUL","AUG","SEP",
"OCT","NOV","DEC"]
if (p ~= 1) & (p ~= 2) then stop("ERROR IN MTH-TABLE") else
if p = 2 then n +:= 13
return corresp[n]
end
procedure d_augment()
#increment the day of the week
current_day +:= 1
if current_day = 8 then current_day := 1
return
end
procedure augment()
#increments civil day, modifies month and year if necessary, stores in
#global variable cyr
if cyr.day < 28 then
cyr.day +:= 1 else
if cyr.day = 28 then {
if (cyr.mth ~= 2) | ((cyr.mth = 2) & isleap(cyr.yr)) then
cyr.day := 29 else {
cyr.mth := 3
cyr.day := 1}} else
if cyr.day = 29 then {
if cyr.mth ~= 2 then
cyr.day := 30 else {
cyr.mth := 3
cyr.day := 1}} else
if cyr.day = 30 then {
if is_31(cyr.mth) then
cyr.day := 31 else {
cyr.mth +:= 1
cyr.day := 1}} else {
cyr.day := 1
if cyr.mth ~= 12 then
cyr.mth +:= 1 else {
cyr.mth := 1
cyr.yr +:= 1
if cyr.yr = 0
then cyr.yr := 1}}
return
end
procedure is_31(n)
#civil months with 31 days
return n = 1 | n = 3 | n = 5 | n = 7 | n = 8 | n = 10 | n = 12
end
procedure isleap(n)
#checks for civil leap year
if n > 0 then
return (n % 400 = 0) | ((n % 4 = 0) & (n % 100 ~= 0)) else
return (n % 400 = -1) | ((n % 4 = -1) & (n % 100 ~= -1))
end
procedure j_augment()
#increments jewish day. months are numbered from nisan, adar sheni is 13.
#procedure fails at elul to allow determination of type of new year
if jyr.day < 29 then
jyr.day +:= 1 else
if (jyr.day = 30) | always_29(jyr.mth) | ((jyr.mth = 8) &
(days_in_jyr % 5 ~= 0)) | ((jyr.mth = 9) & ((days_in_jyr = 353) |
(days_in_jyr = 383))) then
jyr.mth +:= jyr.day := 1 else
if jyr.mth = 6 then fail else
if ((jyr.mth = 12) & (days_in_jyr < 383)) | (jyr.mth = 13) then
jyr.mth := jyr.day := 1 else
jyr.day := 30
return
end
procedure always_29(n)
#uncomplicated jewish months with 29 days
return n = 2 | n = 4 | n = 10
end
procedure jyr_augment()
#determines the current time of lunation, using the ancient babylonian unit
#of 1/1080 of an hour. lunation of tishri determines type of year. allows
#for leap year. halaqim = parts of the hour
local days, halaqim
days := current_molad.day + 4
if days_in_jyr <= 355 then {
halaqim := current_molad.halaqim + 9516
days := ((days +:= halaqim / 25920) % 7)
if days = 0 then days := 7
halaqim := halaqim % 25920} else {
days +:= 1
halaqim := current_molad.halaqim + 23269
days := ((days +:= halaqim / 25920) % 7)
if days = 0 then days := 7
halaqim := halaqim % 25920}
current_molad.day := days
current_molad.halaqim := halaqim
#reset the global variable which holds the current jewish date
jyr.yr +:= 1 #increment year
jyr.day := 1
jyr.mth := 7
establish_jyr()
return
end
procedure establish_jyr()
#establish the jewish year from get_rh
local res
res := get_rh(current_molad.day,current_molad.halaqim,no_lunar_yr(jyr.yr))
days_in_jyr := res[2]
current_day := res[1]
return
end
procedure isin1(i)
#the isin procedures are sets of years in the Metonic cycle
return i = (1 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18)
end
procedure isin2(i)
return i = (2 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 16)
end
procedure isin3(i)
return i = (3 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 0)
end
procedure isin4(i)
return i = (1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 18)
end
procedure isin5(i)
return i = (1 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 15)
end
procedure isin6(i)
return i = (2 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16 | 18)
end
procedure no_lunar_yr(i)
#what year in the metonic cycle is it?
return i % 19
end
procedure get_rh(d,h,yr)
#this is the heart of the program. check the day of lunation of tishri
#and determine where breakpoint is that sets the new moon day in parts
#of the hour. return result in a list where 1 is day of rosh hashana and
#2 is length of jewish year
local c,result
c := no_lunar_yr(yr)
result := list(2)
if d = 1 then {
result[1] := 2
if (h < 9924) & isin4(c) then result[2] := 353 else
if (h < 22091) & isin3(c) then result[2] := 383 else
if (h > 9923) & (isin1(c) | isin2(c)) then result[2] := 355 else
if (h > 22090) & isin3(c) then result[2] := 385
} else
if d = 2 then {
if ((h < 16789) & isin1(c)) |
((h < 19440) & isin2(c)) then {
result[1] := 2
result[2] := 355
} else
if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
result[1] := 2
result[2] := 385
} else
if ((h > 16788) & isin1(c)) |
((h > 19439) & isin2(c)) then {
result[1] := 3
result[2] := 354
} else
if (h > 19439) & isin3(c) then {
result[1] := 3
result[2] := 384
}
} else
if d = 3 then {
if (h < 9924) & (isin1(c) | isin2(c)) then {
result[1] := 3
result[2] := 354
} else
if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
result[1] := 3
result[2] := 384
} else
if (h > 9923) & isin4(c) then {
result[1] := 5
result[2] := 354
} else
if (h > 19439) & isin3(c) then {
result[1] := 5
result[2] := 383}
} else
if d = 4 then {
result[1] := 5
if isin4(c) then result[2] := 354 else
if h < 12575 then result[2] := 383 else
result[2] := 385
} else
if d = 5 then {
if (h < 9924) & isin4(c) then {
result[1] := 5
result[2] := 354} else
if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
result[1] := 5
result[2] := 385
} else
if (9923 < h < 19440) & isin4(c) then {
result[1] := 5
result[2] := 355
} else
if h > 19439 then {
result[1] := 7
if isin3(c) then result[2] := 383 else
result[2] := 353
}
} else
if d = 6 then {
result[1] := 7
if ((h < 408) & isin5(c)) | ((h < 9924) & isin6(c)) then
result[2] := 353 else
if ((h < 22091) & isin3(c)) then result[2] := 383 else
if ((h > 407) & isin5(c)) | ((h > 9923) & isin6(c)) then
result[2] := 355 else
if (h > 22090) & isin3(c) then result[2] := 385
} else
if d = 7 then if (h < 19440) & (isin5(c) | isin6(c)) then {
result[1] := 7
result[2] := 355
} else
if (h < 19440) & isin3(c) then {
result[1] := 7
result[2] := 385
} else {
result[1] := 2
if isin4(c) then
result[2] := 353 else
result[2] := 383}
return result
end