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sub.c
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1993-06-11
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/* sub.c not copyrighted (n) 1993 by Mark Adler */
/* version 1.1 11 Jun 1993 */
/* sub is a simple filter to preprocess a data file before compression.
It can increase compression for data whose points tend to be close to
the last point. The output is the difference of successive bytes of
the input. The add filter is used to undo what sub does. This could
be used on 8-bit sound or graphics data.
sub can also take an argument to apply this to interleaved sets of
bytes. For example, if the data are 16-bit sound samples, then you
can use "sub 2" to take differences on the low-byte stream and the
high-byte stream. (This gives nearly the same effect as subtracting
the 16-bit values, but avoids the complexities of endianess of the
data.) The concept extends to RGB image data (sub 3), 16-bit stereo
data (sub 4), floating point data (sub 4 or sub 8), etc.
add takes no options, since the number of interleaved byte streams
is put in the first two bytes of the output stream for add to use
(in little-endian format).
Examples:
sub < graph.vga | gzip -9 > graph.vga.sgz
sub < phone.snd | gzip -9 > phone.snd.sgz
sub 2 < audio.snd | gzip -9 > audio.snd.sgz
sub 3 < picture.rgb | gzip -9 > picture.rgb.sgz
sub 4 < stereo.snd | gzip -9 > stereo.snd.sgz
sub 8 < double.data | gzip -9 > double.data.sgz
To expand, use the reverse operation, as in:
gunzip < double.data.sgz | add > double.data
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAGIC1 'S' /* sub data */
#define MAGIC2 26 /* ^Z */
#define MAX_DIST 16384
char a[MAX_DIST]; /* last byte buffer for up to MAX_DIST differences */
int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int n = 1; /* number of differences */
int i; /* difference counter */
int c; /* byte from input */
int atoi(); /* (avoid including stdlib for portability) */
/* process arguments */
if (argc > 2)
{
fputs("sub: only one argument needed--# of differences\n", stderr);
exit(1);
}
if (argc > 1)
n = atoi(argv[1]);
if (n < 0) n = -n; /* tolerate "sub -2" */
if (n == 0 || n > MAX_DIST) {
fputs("sub: incorrect distance\n", stderr);
exit(1);
}
/* initialize last byte */
i = n;
do {
a[--i] = 0;
} while (i);
/* write differenced data */
putchar(MAGIC1); putchar(MAGIC2); /* magic word for add */
putchar(n & 0xff); /* so add knows what to do */
putchar((n>>8) & 0xff);
while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
{
putchar((c - a[i]) & 0xff); /* write difference */
a[i++] = c; /* save last byte */
if (i == n) /* cycle on n differences */
i = 0;
}
exit(0);
return 0; /* avoid warning */
}