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- Most of the interfaces are covered by the documentation for GNU regex.
-
- This file will accumulate factoids about other interfaces until
- somebody writes a manual.
-
-
- * Don't Pass Registers Gratuitously
-
- Search and match functions take an optional parameter which is a
- pointer to "registers" or "match positions". This parameter points
- to a structure which during the match is filled in with the offset locations
- of parenthesized subexpressions.
-
- Unless you specificly need the values that would be stored in that
- structure, you should pass NULL for this parameter. Usually Rx will
- do less backtracking (and so run much faster) if subexpression
- positions are not being measured.
-
-
- * Use syntax_parens
-
- Sometimes you need to know the positions of *some* parenthesized
- subexpressions, but not others. You can still help Rx to avoid
- backtracking by telling it specificly which subexpressions you are interested
- in. You do this by filling in the rxb.syntax_parens field of
- a pattern buffer.
-
- /* If this is a valid pointer, it tells rx not to store the extents of
- * certain subexpressions (those corresponding to non-zero entries).
- * Passing 0x1 is the same as passing an array of all ones. Passing 0x0
- * is the same as passing an array of all zeros.
- * The array should contain as many entries as their are subexps in the
- * regexp.
- */
- char * syntax_parens;
-
-
- * RX_SEARCH
-
- For an example of how to use rx_search, you can look at how
- re_search_2 is defined (in rx.c). Basicly you need to define three
- functions. These are GET_BURST, FETCH_CHAR, and BACK_REF. They each
- operate on `struct rx_string_position' and a closure of your design
- passed as void *.
-
- struct rx_string_position
- {
- const unsigned char * pos; /* The current pos. */
- const unsigned char * string; /* The current string burst. */
- const unsigned char * end; /* First invalid position >= POS. */
- int offset; /* Integer address of current burst */
- int size; /* Current string's size. */
- int search_direction; /* 1 or -1 */
- int search_end; /* First position to not try. */
- };
-
- On entry to GET_BURST, all these fields are set, but POS may be >=
- END. In fact, STRING and END might both be 0.
-
- The function of GET_BURST is to make all the fields valid without
- changing the logical position in the string. SEARCH_DIRECTION is a
- hint about which way the matcher will move next. It is usually 1, and
- is -1 only when fastmapping during a reverse search. SEARCH_END
- terminates the burst.
-
- typedef enum rx_get_burst_return
- (*rx_get_burst_fn) (struct rx_string_position * pos,
- void * app_closure,
- int stop);
-
-
- The closure is whatever you pass to rx_search. STOP is an argument to
- rx_search that bounds the search. You should never return a string
- position from with SEARCH_END set beyond the position indicated by
- STOP.
-
-
- enum rx_get_burst_return
- {
- rx_get_burst_continuation,
- rx_get_burst_error,
- rx_get_burst_ok,
- rx_get_burst_no_more
- };
-
- Those are the possible return values of get_burst. Normally, you only
- ever care about the last two. An error return indicates something
- like trouble reading a file. A continuation return means suspend the
- search and resume by retrying GET_BURST if the search is restarted.
-
- GET_BURST is not quite as trivial as you might hope. If you have a
- fragmented string, you really have to keep two adjacent fragments at
- all times, even though the GET_BURST interface looks like you only
- need one. This is because of operators like `word-boundary' that try
- to look at two adjacent characters. Such operators are implemented
- with FETCH_CHAR.
-
- typedef int (*rx_fetch_char_fn) (struct rx_string_position * pos,
- int offset,
- void * app_closure,
- int stop);
-
- That takes the same closure passed to GET_BURST. It returns the
- character at POS or at one past POS according to whether OFFSET is 0
- or 1.
-
- It is guaranteed that POS + OFFSET is within the string being searched.
-
-
-
- The last function compares characters at one position with characters
- previously matched by a parenthesized subexpression.
-
- enum rx_back_check_return
- {
- rx_back_check_continuation,
- rx_back_check_error,
- rx_back_check_pass,
- rx_back_check_fail
- };
-
- typedef enum rx_back_check_return
- (*rx_back_check_fn) (struct rx_string_position * pos,
- int lparen,
- int rparen,
- unsigned char * translate,
- void * app_closure,
- int stop);
-
- LPAREN and RPAREN are the integer indexes of the previously matched
- characters. The comparison should translate both characters being
- compared by mapping them through TRANSLATE. POS is the point at which
- to begin comparing. It should be advanced to the last character
- matched during backreferencing.
-
- * Compilation Stages
-
- In rx_compile, a string is compiled into a pattern buffer.
- Compilation proceeds in these stages:
-
- 1. Make a syntax tree for the regexp.
- 2. Duplicate the syntax tree and make both trees nodes
- in a single unifying tree.
- 3. In one of the two trees, remove all side effects that
- aren't needed to test for the possibility of a match.
- Such side effects include the filling in of output registers
- for subexpressions that are not backreferenced.
- 4. Optimize the unifying tree.
- 5. Translate the tree to an NFA.
- 6. Analyze and optimize the NFA.
- 7. Copy the NFA into a contiguous region of memory.
-
-
- * Cache Size
-
- During a search or match, the NFA is translated into a "super NFA".
- A super NFA can match the patterns of the corresponding NFA in no more
- and often fewer steps.
-
- The catch is that the super NFA may be costly to construct in its entirety;
- it may not even fit in memory. So, states of the NFA are constructed
- on demand and discarded after a period of non-use. They are kept in a cache
- so that time is not wasted constructing existing nodes twice.
-
- The size of the super state NFA cache is a contributing factor the performance
- of Rx. The larger the cache (to a point) the faster Rx can run. The
- variable rx_cache_bound is an upper limit on the number of superstates
- that can exist in the cache.
-
- The defaulting setting is 128. GNU sed uses 4096. Neither setting
- has much justification although sed's is after a small number of quick
- and dirty experiments. The memory consumed by one superstate is
- between 4k and 8k. The cache only grows to its bounded size if there
- is actual demand for that many states. Sed's setting, for example,
- may appear quite high but in practice that much memory is hardly ever
- used. The default setting was chosen based on the heuristic that a
- megabyte is the upper limit on what a good citizen library can
- allocate without special arrangement.
-
-