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1993-11-17
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AIM : ANOTHER IMAGE MANAGER
also known as
Atari Image Manager,
Archimedes Image Manager,
Amiga Image Manager.
The image processing program AIM was originally developed for the
ATARI-ST by Frans Groen and Robert de Vries. Since the first
version of AIM, the improvement of this public domain image
processing package has become a joint effort of a number of
people from the Delft University of Technology and the University
of Amsterdam. Especially Piet Verbeek supplied many linear and
non-linear filtering routines, Lucas van Vliet and Ben Verwer
developed the fast morphological operations. Also Gert van
Antwerpen, Damir Sudar and Igor Weber supplied a number of
routines to AIM.
AIM is *not* a demo version of the professional image processing
packages TCL-Image and SCIL-Image.
AIM is limited in functionality as well as in flexibility.
AIM has *no* support. However, you may like it.
AIM has been ported to the ARCHIMEDES (Arthur version) by Robert
Ellens, Damir Sudar and Alle-Jan van der Veen.
Ed Doppenberg was succesful in the port to RISC-OS.
The RISC-OS2 versions will de indicated by 'AIM/2'.
The RISC-OS3 versions will de indicated by 'AIM/3'.
AIM/3 runs best in mode 21 or 28 (multi-scan or VGA), although a
standard monitor in mode 15 may be applied too (limited quality).
AIM has been written in the C-language. The main purpose of the
program is to experiment with digital image processing.
The RISC-OS versions needs 2 Megabyte of memory at least, sorry.
*************** Remarks on version 3.00: ************************
Compared to the first official RISC-OS2 version 2.10, the
following changes were made:
- The menu command [Utils]>[Timer] is functioning again.
- The menu command [Utils]>[Display]>[didisplay] is removed (this
command was of no use for the Archimedes).
- The help text of command 'mcopy' was in error, this is fixed.
(The text in the manual was correct already).
- The display of the help text of a menu command can be switched
on and off when the HELP button is clicked ("toggle" button),
this allows the adjustment of the parameters and the later
execution of the command after reading the help text.
- A command handles parameters with values such as "automatic"
and "input-image" by replacing this human operator oriented
text during execution by the appropriate default value (being
the automatic calculated value or the image that was specified
as the input-image, respectively). Replacing a parameter by a
question-mark forces the command to prompt for an entry during
execution.
- The Command-window is 'active' all the time, thus not depending
on the location of the mouse-pointer anymore.
Additions (from 2.20 up):
- A new menu entry 'scaled' allows the selection/deselection of
automatic zooming of the display within a display-window.
- A command 'affine <inp_im> <outp_im> <ref_im> <mouse_clicks>'
is available. Type 'affine ?' to run this command.
Additions and Modifications (from 3.00 up):
Compared to AIM/2, the RISC OS 3 versions (starting at 3.00) have
some important additions and modifications:
- Any rectangular image size is allowed
- More (than the AIM) data filetypes are accepted:
AIM (type &004) with seperate header (type &010)
TCL (type &011), header included
Sprite import, 256-grey-level sprite (GreySprite) export
- A selected portion (rectangle) of an image can be applied and
saved as a new image
- A contrast stretch function is added
- Improved Help function
- Better interaction between AIM and RISC OS 3 applications
*****************************************************************
THE FOLLOWING TEXT CAN BE OF SOME HELP WHEN YOU DON'T HAVE THE
PRINTED DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE. THIS TEXT IS NO MORE THAN A
FIRST AID. WHEN YOU ARE JUST PLAYING AROUND IN IMAGE PROCESSING
IT'S O.K. FOR YOU.
IF YOU DISCOVER SOME MORE INTEREST WHILE USING THIS PROGRAM, YOU
MAY LIKE THE IDEA THAT YOU CAN ORDER FOR A SET OF PRINTED
DOCUMENTATION, INCLUDING A FIRST INTRODUCTION IN THIS FIELD.
(ADDRESSES OF 'LINDIS' AND 'ECD' CAN BE FOUND AT THE END OF THIS
TEXT).
*********************** First aid manual ************************
User interface.
The user interface of AIM consists of:
-RISCOS interface. Operations and parameters can be selected by
means of pop-up menus. A choice from a menu results in a command
which is passed to the command interpreter. Image displays can be
moved and sized.
Drag the image to a Display-Window (A, B, C or D).
Drag the macro-file to one of the open AIM-Windows (including the
Command Line Window) to start the execution of the macro.
-Command Line interpreter. Commands may be entered by typing. The
location of the mouse-pointer is not critical anymore (v2.12 up).
Use lower case!
A history mechanism is provided. Type h. To execute a previous
command, type !# (# = history-number of a previous command).
-Sequences of commands can be given in a macro-file. A macro-file
may be called within another macro-file up to 16 levels deep.
Images in AIM.
Up to four image memories are available in AIM.
Standard AIM images have a size of 256 x 256 pixels (in AIM/3 all
sizes are accepted), and are stored line by line from top left to
bottom right.
These standard images have a size of 65536 pixels, and are 8 bits
deep - and are thus 64K in size.
These 'image memories' are displayed on the Archimedes screen in
windows designated ‘A’, ‘B’, 'C' and ‘D’, which can be moved and
sized. They are shown as 256 x 256 pixels in a limited number of
greyshades, but a 'sigma-delta technique' is used to improve the
representation of the original 256 grey values.
Be aware of the fact that a display in a window is no more than a
'as good as possible' (display-mode determined) representation of
an image in memory. (The image processing is always performed on
the images).
The 8 bitplanes of the grey-value images can also be used as 8
'binary images', on which 'Cellular Logic' and 'Bitplane Binary'
operations may be performed.
The bitplanes are numbered from 1(least) to 8(most significant).
When an image is read from disk, all 8 bitplanes are read simult-
aneously. The same holds when an image is written to disk.
Hence, a single bitplane must be copied to all 8, before writing
the image to disk (the command 'mcopy' can do this for you).
If an AIM image does not have the standard size, a headerfile is
needed - in order that it may be read correctly. This is a file
having the same name as the image file, with a "+" added, which
describes the image width and height. The header format used is
given in the Appendix of the Reference Manual.
When an image file is written in the AIM format, a header file is
always written.
In AIM/3 the use of a new format, the 'TCL data format' (which is
direct compatible with the professional image processing package
TCL-Image), is made possible and this format should be preferred.
Moreover, 'GreySprites' (having a palette of 256 grey levels) are
accepted.
A TCL image file (with a header included) has file-type &011. An
AIM imagefile has file-type &004, a headerfile has file-type &010
and a resource-file (in which the set-up is stored) has file-type
&012.
Installing and Running AIM/3
In this RISC OS 3 version of AIM, the files on the distribution
disk #1 are organized in a single application directory !aim.
The application directory !aim should be copied to a hard disk.
Double-clicking with 'Select' on the icons of both the source and
destination drives will open Filer windows. The aim directory may
then be 'dragged' from the source to the destination window.
Additional files are present on the accompanying disks, read the
'Readme' files on those disks.
AIM may be run by double-clicking with Select on the application
in the Filer window, to put an icon on the icon bar. Now, an AIM
imagefile may be dragged onto the icon or the application started
"empty" by clicking on the icon.
If a mode other than Mode 27 or Mode 28 (the default mode) is in
use, the best method of starting the AIM application is to click
on the appropriate resource-file in !aim.resources. (AIM 'image'
and other files are normally stored within the !aim application.
They may be reached by holding down the Shift key, while double-
clicking on the !aim directory icon in the Filer window).
A file !aim.default allows modifications, affecting memory needs.
In AIM/3 it is also possible to start the application by double-
clicking on an AIM- or TCL- datafile (image), provided the filing
system has 'seen' the application.
Command interpreter.
It is not necessary to give the complete command name. The
smallest number of letters (lower case!) which gives no ambiguity
is sufficient.
It is possible to edit your commands in a simple way. The delete-
key or the Backspace key deletes the last character.
A sequence of commands which performs a certain operation may be
grouped to a 'macro-file' and stored on disk.
Macro-files are executed by typing @macro-name. A new macro-file
can be called within a macro-file and may be nested up to 16
levels deep. So typing @macro-name executes the macro-file.
ESCAPE stops the execution of a macro-file and asks the user to
continue or not. Typing Q <CR> aborts the currently running
macro, C <CR> continues the macro ( <CR> = Return key).
Default values are used when a parameter is not given. When an
erroneous value of a parameter is given, the command interpreter
asks for a correct value. If in this case a return is given, the
default value is used.
This gives the possibility to ask for a parameter value when a
macro-file is executed, instead of using a fixed value. In the
macro-file for instance, a question mark (?) can be used instead
of the parameter value to obtain this feature.
A question mark (?) instead of a command gives a list of all
available commands.
A star (*) indicates that the remainder of the commandline
consists of comments.
Never have a 'blank line' in the macro-file, except at the end.
Digitisers.
If a Watford digitiser is attached to the Archimedes the command
'watford' can be used to grab an image and transport it to an AIM
image in memory. Pressing return stops grabbing and keeps the
current image. Resolution is limited to 6 bits (64 grey levels).
Note: Some Wild Vision series of digitisers use the AIM format as
output format. You can use these digitisers as well, a 256
grey-value version is available.
Note: Scanner support is already available:
The professional EPSON 8 bit grey-value / 24bit colour flat
bed scanner GT-4000,GT-6000 (and software compatible types)
are supported by Irlam and offer a GreySprite as one of the
possible output formats.
And more will come... See 'Coming AIM/3 versions'.
****** Order for the 3-in-1 Manual (including revision 1) *******
This printed manual was written to help you in understanding what
you are doing in Image Processing / Analysis and it gives you all
the details of the AIM commands.
Order for these +/- 120 pages of documentation containing
- a first Introduction in Image Processing,
- the AIM Users Manual,
- the AIM Reference Manual (describing the commands and options),
- the update of the manual:
AIM Users Manual revision 1, including Ref.Manual revisions,
together with the latest version of AIM on disk.
In UK:
Lindis International Ltd., Wood Farm, Linstead Magna,
Halesworth, Suffolk IP19 0DU (UK)
Worldwide:
ECD Computers Delft BV, Voldersgracht 25-26,
2611 EV Delft (Holland).
(Serious users: ask for TCL-Image information, available at
Lindis and ECD).
********************* Coming AIM/3 versions *********************
* *
* A coming version of AIM/3 will get some more edit funtions *
* like pasting and merging. However, AIM is an Image Analysing *
* package and not intended for graphical manipulations. *
* *
* A direct interface to ScanLight Video 256 is planned to be *
* developed in co-operation with Computer Concepts. *
* *
*****************************************************************
Suggestions, remarks (please, don't ask for the C-sources):
Thom Hoeksma, Pattern Recognition Group,
Faculty of Applied Physics TUD,
Lorentzweg 1,
2628 CJ Delft (The Netherlands).
November 1993,
Thom Hoeksma.