ARM Club 1/ARM_CLUB_CD.iso/contents/apps/program/d/exthelp/!StrongHlp/HelpData/Basic/Helpdata

Text File | 1992-10-27 | 19.9 KB | 852 lines

AND
Bitwise logical and between two integers.
Priority 6.ABS
This function gives the absolute
value of a number:
ABS(-3.14) = 3.14ACS
This function gives the arc
cosine of a number.
This is the inverse function of <COS>:
         ACS(COS(x)) = xADVAL
This function gives the
value of the specified
analogue port or buffer.ASC
This function gives the
ASCII code of the first
character of a string:
  ASC("A") = 65
  ASC("AB") = 65ATN
This function gives the
arc tangent of a number.
   ATN(<TAN>(x)) = xAUTO
This command automatically generates
line numbers for typing in a program.
AUTO [base number[,step size]]APPEND filename.
This command appends
a file to the program
and renumbers the new lines.BGET#channel
This function gives
the next byte from
the specified file.BPUT
BPUT#channel,number
  put byte to open file.

BPUT#channel,string[;]
  put string to open file,
  with[out] newline.BEATS
BEATS x
  Set the number of microbeats in a bar.

x = BEATS
  Gives the current number of microbeats.BEAT
This function gives the
current microbeat number.COLOUR
COLOUR a [TINT t]
  Set text foreground colour
  [and tint] (background 128+a).

COLOUR a,p
  Set palette entry for logical
  colour a to physical colour p.

COLOUR a,r,g,b
  Set palette entry for a
  to r, g, b physical colour.CALL address {,parameter}
Call machine code routine at the given address.
Before the routine is entered, the assembler
registers are set up as follows:
  R0  = A%
  R1  = B%
  R2  = C%
  R3  = D%
  R4  = E%
  R5  = F%
  R6  = G%
  R7  = H%
  R8  = Pointer to BASIC's workspace
  R9  = Pointer to <parameter list=>call0>
  R10 = Number of parameters
  R11 = Pointer to BASIC's string accumulator
  R12 = BASIC's LINE pointer
  R13 = BASIC's stack
  R14 = Link back to BASIC, and <environment info=>call3> ptr.CASE
CASE expr OF
  WHEN expr{,expr}^ : lines
  WHEN expr{,expr}^ : lines
OTHERWISE
  lines
ENDCASECHAIN name
Load and run a new Basic program.
If used from within a Basic program,
this program is discarded.CHR$ x
This function gives
the one character string
of the supplied ASCII code.CLEAR
Forget all variables.CLOSE#channel
Close file previously opened with
OPEN<IN=>OPENIN>/<UP=>OPENUP>/<OUT=>OPENOUT>#channel.CLG
Clear graphics screen
to current graphical
backround colour.CLS
Clear text screen to
current background colour.COS x
This function gives the
cosine of a number.COUNT
This function gives the number
of characters PRINTed since
the last newline.CIRCLE
CIRCLE [FILL] x,y,r
  Draw circle outline [solid].DATA
Introduces line of DATA to be <READ>.
The list of items is separated by commas.

<LOCAL> DATA, <RESTORE> DATA: save and restore current DATA pointer.DEG
This function gives the value in
degrees of a number in radians.
       DEG 3.14 = 180DEF
DEF <FN>|<PROC>name [(parameter list)].
Define function or procedure
End function with =expression.
End procedure with ENDPROC.DELETE start,end
This command deletes all lines
between the specified numbers.a DIV b
Integer division, rounded towards zero.
Priority 3.DIM
DIM fred(100,100)
  Create and initialise an array.

DIM fred% 100
  Allocate space for a byte array etc.

DIM(fred())
  Function gives the number of dimensions.

DIM(fred(),n)
  Function gives the size of the n'th dimension.DRAW
DRAW [BY] x,y
  Graphics draw to [relative by] x,y.ENDPROC
End of procedure definition.EDIT
This command calls
the ARM BASIC Editor.
(Rubbish.. Don't use..)ENDWHILE
End of <WHILE> structure.ENDCASE
End of <CASE> structure.ENDIF
End of <IF> structure.END
END
  Statement marking end of program execution.

END = expression
  Alter amount of memory allocated to BASIC.

x = END
  Gives the end address of memory used.ENVELOPE
ENVELOPE takes 14 numeric
parameters separated by commas.ELSE
Part of the <IF>
or <ON> structure.EVAL
This function evaluates
a string: EVAL("2*X+1").ERL
This function gives the line
number of the last error.ERROR
Part of ON ERROR
        LOCAL ERROR
    and RESTORE ERROR statements.
Cause an error: ERROR [EXT] number,string.EOF#channel
This function gives TRUE
if at end of open file;
else FALSEa EOR b
Bitwise logical exclusive-or
between two integers.
Priority 7.ERR
This function gives the error
number of the last error.EXP x
This function gives the
exponential of a number.
    <LN>(EXP(x)) = x
    EXP(<LN>(x)) = xEXT#channel
x = EXT#channel
  Gives the length (extent)
  of an open file.

EXT#channel = expression
  Sets the length of an open file.ELLIPSE
ELLIPSE [FILL] x,y,maj,min[,angle]
  Draw ellipse outline [solid].FOR
FOR variable = start value TO limit value [STEP step size]
  statements..
NEXT [variable]FALSE
This function gives the logical
value 'false' i.e. 0.FILL
FILL [BY] x,y
  Flood fill from [relative to] point x,y.FN
Call a function with FNfred(x,y)
Define one with <DEF> FNfred(a,b).GOTO line nr
Continue execution at specified line.
Don't use this! Please! Use of line numbers
should be avoided at all costs.GET
x = GET
  Gives the ASCII value of the
  next input character.

x$ = GET$
  Gives the next input character
  as a one character string.

x$ = GET$#channel
  Gives next string from the file.GOSUB line nr
Call subroutine at given line number.
Don't use this! Please! Use of line numbers
should be avoided at all costs.GCOL
GCOL a [TINT t]
  Set graphics foreground colour
  [and tint] (background 128+a).

GCOL action,a [TINT t]
  Set graphics fore|background
  colour and action.HIMEM
This psuedo-variable reads or sets the
address of the end of BASIC's memory.HELP
This command gives help on
usage of the interpreter.INPUT
INPUT [LINE]['|<TAB>|<SPC>]["display string"][,|;]variable
  Input from user.
  INPUT LINE ... can also be written as LINE INPUT ...

INPUT#channel,list of variables
  Input data from open file.IF
Single line if:
  IF expression [THEN] statements [ELSE statements].

Block if:
  IF expression THEN
    lines
  [ELSE lines]
  ENDIFINKEY

INKEY$ nr = CHR$(INKEY nr)

INKEY 0 to 32767
  Function waits nr centiseconds to read character.

INKEY -255 to -1
  Function checks specific key for TRUE|FALSE.

INKEY -256
  Function gives operating system number.INT nr
This function gives the nearest
integer less than or equal to the number:
          INT  3.14 =  3
          INT -3.14 = -4INSTR
INSTR(string,sub string [,start pos])
  Find sub string position.

       INSTR("ABC","C") = 3
       INSTR("ABC","X") = 0INSTALL filename
Permanently install a function
and procedure library.LIST
This command lists the program:
LIST [start line][,[end line]] [IFpattern].
  List lines in the given range.
  If no range, then list all lines.
  If just start line: list this one line
  If start line,: list all lines from this one.
  If [IFpattern] : only list lines containing pattern

See <LISTO> for how lines will be printed.LISTO number.
Bits mean:
 0: space before line
 1: indent structure
 2: split lines at :
 3: don't list line number
 4: list tokens in lower case

Default options are %0000LINE
LINE x1,y1,x2,y2
  Draw a line from x1,y1 to x2,y2
  Equivalent to:
    MOVE x1,y1
    DRAW x2,y2

Part of <INPUT> LINE or LINE INPUT statement.LOAD
This command loads a new program,
replacing the old one.LOMEM
This psuedo-variable reads or sets the
address of the start of the variables.LOCAL
LOCAL list of variables
  Make things private to function or procedure.

LOCAL DATA
  Save DATA pointer on stack.
  Only a LOCAL ERROR should come after this.

LOCAL ERROR
  Save error control status on stack.
  Must be last LOCAL statement.LEFT$
LEFT$(string,nr)
  Gives leftmost nr of characters from string.

LEFT$(string)
  Gives leftmost LEN-1 characters.

LEFT$(string variable [,count]) = string2
  Overwrite all [or count] characters from start,
  with characters from string2.LEN
This function gives the
length of a string.
    LEN"A" = 1
    LEN""  = 0LET
Optional part of assignment.
      LET A% = 42
      A% = 42LOG
This function gives the common
logarithm (base 10) of a number.
      LOGx = <LN>(x)/LN(10)LN x
This function gives the natural
logarithm (base e) of a number.
  LN(e^x) = x,  e = 2.718....LIBRARY filename
Functions and procedures of the
named program can be used.LVAR
This command lists all
variables in use.MID$
MID$(string,position)
  Gives all of string starting from position.

MID$(string,position,count)
  Gives some of string from position.

MID$(string variable,position[,count]) = string2
  Overwrite all [or count] characters in
  string variable, with characters from string2.MODE
MODE nr
  Set screen mode.
nr = MODE
  Gives the current screen mode.MOD
a MOD b
  Remainder after integer division
  between two integers. Priority 3.

MOD array()
  The MOD function gives the square root
  of the sum of the squares
  of all the elements in a numeric array.MOVE
MOVE [BY] x,y
  Graphics move to [relative by] x,y.MOUSE
MOUSE x,y,z[,t]
  Sets x,y to mouse position;
  z to button state [t to time].

MOUSE COLOUR a,r,g,b
  Set mouse palette entry for a
  to r, g, b physical colour.

MOUSE OFF
  Turn mouse pointer off.

MOUSE ON [a]
  Sets mouse pointer 1 [or a].

MOUSE RECTANGLE x,y,width,height
  Constrain mouse movement to inside rectangle.

MOUSE STEP a[,b]
  Sets mouse step multiplier to a,a [or a,b].

MOUSE TO x,y
  Positions mouse and pointer at x,y.NEXT
NEXT [variable[,variable]^]
  Closes one or several <FOR>..NEXT structures.NEW
This command erases
the current program.NOT x
This function gives the number
with all bits inverted (0 and 1 exchanged).
 NOT  %0000000000000000000000000000001 (1)
    = %1111111111111111111111111111110 (-2)OLD
This command recovers the
program just after a <NEW>.ON
ON
  Cursor on.

ON ERROR [LOCAL|OFF]
  Define error handler.

ON expression GOTO|GOSUB|PROC.... ELSE
  Call from specified list item.
  Don't use GOTO or GOSUB! Please!
  Use of line numbers should be
  avoided at all costs.OFF
OFF
  Turn cursor off.

Part of <TRACE> OFF,
ON <ERROR> OFF statements.OF
Part of the <CASE> statement.ORIGIN x,y
Sets x,y as the new
graphics 0,0 point.OR
Bitwise logical or between
two integers. Priority 7.x = OPENIN filename
The function opens a file
for inputx = OPENOUT filename
The function opens a file
for outputx = OPENUP filename
The function opens a file
for input and output.OSCLI string
Give string to Operating
System Command Line Interpreter.OTHERWISE
Part of <CASE> structure.OVERLAY array$()
Set an array of filenames
for overlay libraries.
(Only one of the given libraries
 will be loaded at any given time)PRINT
PRINT ['|<TAB>|<SPC>]["display string"][expression][;]
  Print things in fields defined by @%.

PRINT#channel,list of expressions
  Print data to open file.PAGE
This psuedo-variable reads or sets
the address of the start of the program.PTR#channel
x = PTR#channel
  Gives the position in a file.

PTR#channel= x
  Sets the position in a file.PI
This function gives the value
of 'pi' (3.1415926535).PLOT n,x,y
Graphics operation <n=>SWI.os_plot0>.POINT
x = POINT(x,y)
  Gives the logical colour
  of a graphics point.
  See also <TINT>

POINT [BY] x,y
  Set pixel at [relative to] x,y.

POINT TO x,y
  Position pointer at x,y,
  if not linked to mouse.PROC
PROCfred(x,y)
  Call a procedure.

DEF PROCfred(a,b)
  Define a procedure.POS
This function gives
the x-coordinate
of the text cursor.QUIT
QUIT
  Leave the interpreter.

x = QUIT
 Gives TRUE if BASIC was entered
 with a -quit option.RETURN
End of a <GOSUB> subroutine.REPEAT
REPEAT
  lines
UNTIL boolean exprREPORT
REPORT
  Print last error message.

x$ = REPORT$
  Gives last error string.READ
READ list of variables
  Read the variables in turn
  from DATA statements.REM
Ignores everything until a colon or end
of line. Note that to REM out a line
like PRINT "x:" will cause problems due
to the colon in the string.RUN
Clear variables,
and start execution
at beginning of program.RAD x
This function gives the value
in radians of a number in degrees.
    RAD(180) = 3.1415...
    <DEG>(RAD(x)) = xRESTORE
RESTORE [+][number]
  Restore the data pointer
  to first or given line, or
  move forward number lines
  from the start of the next line.

RESTORE DATA
  Restore DATA pointer from stack.

RESTORE ERROR
  Restore error control status from stack.RIGHT$
RIGHT$(string,number)
  Gives rightmost number
  of characters from string.

RIGHT$(string)
  Gives rightmost character.

RIGHT$(string variable [,count]) = string2
  Overwrite characters at end of
  string variable, with all [or count]
  characters from string2 RECTANGLE
RECTANGLE [FILL] xlo,ylo,width[,height]
          [TO xlo,ylo]
  Draw a rectangle outline [solid],
  or copy/move the rectangle.RENUMBER [base,[step]]
This command renumbers
the lines in the program.
Default values for
base and step, is 10.STEP
Part of the <FOR> structure.SAVE [filename]
This command saves the current program.
If filename is omitted, and first line
in program is 10 REM >string,
this string is used instead.SGN x
This function gives the values
  -1 if x is negative
   0 if x is zero
   1 if x is positiveSIN x
This function gives
the sine of a number.
x is given in radians.SQR
This function gives the
square root of a number.
    SQR(X*X) = XSOUND
SOUND channel,amplitude,pitch,duration [,start beat]
  Make a sound.

SOUND ON|OFF
 Enable|disable sounds.SPC n
In <PRINT> or <INPUT> statements:
prints out n spaces.STR$[~] nr
Gives string representation
[in hex if ~] of a number.STRING$(nr,string)
Gives string replicated
nr times.STOP
Stop program.STEREO channel,pos
Set the stereo position
for a channel.SUM array()
This function gives
the sum of all elements
in an array.SUMLEN array$()
Gives the total length
of all elements
of a string array.SWAP var1,var2
Exchange the contents
of the two variables.
   SWAP A%,B%
is equivalent to
   tmp% = A%
   A%   = B%
   B%   = tmp%SYS
SYS expr {,expr}^ [TO var1 {,varn}^ [;var2]]
The SYS statement calls one of the <SWI=>SWI.$> routines
in the operating system, or in a extension module.TAN nr
This function gives
the tangent of a number.
 TAN x = <SIN> x / <COS> xTAB
In <PRINT> or <INPUT> statements:
TAB(n)
  Move text cursor to column n.
  PRINT TAB(10)"column 10"

TAB(x,y)
  Move text cursor to
  screen position x,y.
  PRINT TAB(0,0)"Upper left corner"TEMPO
TEMPO expr
  Set the sound microbeat tempo.

x = TEMPO
  Gives the current microbeat tempo.THEN
Part of the <IF> structureTIME
Read/Set clock:

 TIME = 12345
    x = TIME
TIME$ = "Tue, 10 Dec 1991.18:51:50"
   x$ = TIME$TINT
TINT a,t
  Set the tint for <COLOUR>|<GCOL>|fore|back a
  to t in 256 colour modes.

a = TINT(x,y)
  Gives the tint of a point in 256 colour modes.TO
Part of <FOR> structure.TOP
Gives the address
of the end
of the program.TRACE
TRACE [STEP] ON|OFF|PROC|nr
  Trace [in single step mode] on or off
  or procedure or function calls
  or lines below the number.TRUE
This function gives
the logical value 'true' i.e. -1.TWINO nr
This command converts the program
to text with a <LIST option=>LISTO>,
and calls Twin.TWIN
This command converts
the program to text,
and calls Twin.UNTIL
Part of <REPEAT> structure.USR adr
This function gives the value
returned by the machine code routine
at the given address.VDU
VDU <nr=>VDU.$> {,|;[|]nr} [,|; or |]
  List of values to be sent to vdu.
  , : preceding value is 8 bit.
  ; : preceding value is 16 bit.
  | : 8 bytes of zeroes.VAL str$
This function gives the numeric
value of a textual string.
     VAL "42" = 42VPOS
This function gives
the y-coordinate
of the text cursor.VOICES expr
Set the number of
sound voice channels.VOICE channel,string
Assign a named sound algorithm
to the voice channel.WHILE
WHILE expr
  lines
ENDWHILEWHEN
Part of <CASE> structure.WAIT
Wait for vertical sync.WIDTH expr
Set width of output.ASN
This function gives the
arc sine of a number.
This is the inverse function of <SIN>:
         ASN(SIN(x)) = xIndex
#Table 23 10
<ABS       >
<ACS       >
<ADVAL     >
<AND       >
<APPEND    >
<ASC       >
<ASN       >
<ATN       >
<AUTO      >
<BEAT      >
<BEATS     >
<BGET      >
<BPUT      >
<CALL      >
<CASE      >
<CHAIN     >
<CHR       >
<CIRCLE    >
<CLEAR     >
<CLG       >
<CLOSE     >
<CLS       >
COLOR
<COLOUR    >
<COS       >
<COUNT     >
<DATA      >
<DEF       >
<DEG       >
<DELETE    >
<DIM       >
<DIV       >
<DRAW      >
<EDIT      >
<ELLIPSE   >
<ELSE      >
<END       >
<ENDCASE   >
<ENDIF     >
<ENDPROC   >
<ENDWHILE  >
<ENVELOPE  >
<EOF       >
<EOR       >
<ERL       >
<ERR       >
<ERROR     >
<EVAL      >
<EXP       >
<EXT       >
<FALSE     >
<FILL      >
<FN        >
<FOR       >
<GCOL      >
<GET       >
<GOSUB     >
<GOTO      >
<HELP      >
<HIMEM     >
<IF        >
<INKEY     >
<INPUT     >
<INSTALL   >
<INSTR     >
<INT       >
<LEFT      >
<LEN       >
<LET       >
<LIBRARY   >
<LINE      >
<LIST      >
<LISTO     >
<LN        >
<LOAD      >
<LOCAL     >
<LOG       >
<LOMEM     >
<LVAR      >
<MID       >
<MOD       >
<MODE      >
<MOUSE     >
<MOVE      >
<NEW       >
<NEXT      >
<NOT       >
<OF        >
<OFF       >
<OLD       >
<ON        >
<OPENIN    >
<OPENOUT   >
<OPENUP    >
<OR        >
<ORIGIN    >
<OSCLI     >
<OTHERWISE >
<OVERLAY   >
<PAGE      >
<PI        >
<PLOT      >
<POINT     >
<POS       >
<PRINT     >
<PROC      >
<PTR       >
<QUIT      >
<RAD       >
<READ      >
<RECTANGLE >
<REM       >
<RENUMBER  >
<REPEAT    >
<REPORT    >
<RESTORE   >
<RETURN    >
<RIGHT     >
<RND       >
<RUN       >
<SAVE      >
<SGN       >
<SIN       >
<SOUND     >
<SPC       >
<SQR       >
<STEP      >
<STEREO    >
<STOP      >
<STR       >
<STRING    >
<SUM       >
<SUMLEN    >
<SWAP      >
<SYS       >
<TAB       >
<TAN       >
<TEMPO     >
<THEN      >
<TIME      >
<TINT      >
<TO        >
<TOP       >
<TRACE     >
<TRUE      >
<TWIN      >
<TWINO     >
<UNTIL     >
<USR       >
<VAL       >
<VDU       >
<VOICE     >
<VOICES    >
<WAIT      >
<WHEN      >
<WHILE     >
<WIDTH     >
#EndTableRND
x = RND
  Gives a random integer.

x = RND(n) where n\<0
  Initialise random number
  generator based on n.

x = RND(0)
  Last RND(1) value.
x = RND(1)
  Random real 0..1.

RND(n) where n>1
  Random integer between 1 and INT(n).Parameter list:
  0  Address of last parameter
  4  <Type=>call1> of last parameter
  8  Address of last but one parameter
 12  <Type=>call1> of last but one parameter
  .
  .Parameter-type:
Type Example    Address points to
---- ---------- -------------------------------------
&000 ?x         Byte-aligned byte
&004 !x,x%,x(n) Byte-aligned word
&005 |x,x,x(n)  Byte-aligned 5-byte real
&080 x$,$(n)    Byte-aligned address-word,length-byte
&081 $x         String, terminated by 13
&104 x%()       Word-aligned ptr to integer <array=>call2>
&105 x()        Word-aligned ptr to real <array=>call2>
&180 x$()       Word-aligned ptr to string <array=>call2>Array:
  0   Subscript limit 1st dimension.
  4   Subscript limit 2nd dimension.
  .
  .
  n   0
  n+4 Total nr of entries.
  n+8 Array elements..


DIM x(I-1,J-1,K-1) :

Address of x(i,j,k) :
  ((i*J+j)*K+k)*element_size + n+8Environment info:
  0  B CALL2REAL   Return address.
  4  STRACC        String accumulator
  8  PAGE          Current PAGE value
 12  TOP           Current TOP value
 16  LOMEM         Current variable start
 20  HIMEM         Current stack end
 24  MEMLIMIT      Limit of available memory
 28  FSA           Free space start
 32  TALLY         Value of COUNT
 36  TIMEOF        not used
 40  ESCWORD       Exception flag word
 44  WIDTHLOC      Value of WIDTH
 48  B VARIND      Get value of L-value
 52  B STOREA      Store value into L-value
 56  B STSTORE     Store string into type 128 string
 60  B LVBLNK      Convert string name into L-value addr and type
 64  B CREATE      Create new variable
 68  B EXPR        Use expr analyser on string
 72  B MATCH       Lexical analyse source string to dest string
 76  B TOKENADDR   Ptr to string for given token
 80  0
 84  9             Nr of additional routines present.
 88  B FSTA
 92  B FLDA
 96  B FADD
100  B FSUB
104  B FMUL
108  B FDIV
112  B FLOAT
116  B FIX
120  B FSQRTOPT
Set BASIC assembler options
Bit:  Meaning when set:
----  -----------------------------------
  0   Assembly listing enabled
  1   Assembler errors enabled
  2   Assembled code placed at O% instead of P%
  3   Check if assembled code exceeds memory limit L%