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- History of Fractals
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- The word 'fractal' was coined by Benoit Mandelbrot who
- derived the term from FRACTional dimensionAL. He was
- working at the IBM Thomas Watson research centre and was
- intrigued to discover that estimates of the length of the
- British coastline varied widely. From his observations he
- was led to develop his theories of irregularity, in which
- he characterised shapes in terms of non-integer numbers
- (hence fractional) of dimensions.
-
- To illustrate his ideas, Mandlebrot used the concept of a
- ball of twine: the dimension of the ball depends on where
- you are looking at it. The ball appears as a point with no
- dimension if you look at it from a distance, but as you
- come closer, the ball takes up more and more of your view,
- becoming three-dimensional. However going even closer, the
- individual strands begin to assume prominance and any
- position can be specified in only one dimension, which is
- along the length of the thread.
-
- Fractals have two major properties: ultra low information
- content and self-similarity. In spite of the ball of
- twine's apparent complexity, it is made up of a large
- number of similar units, each of which relate to every
- other unit by a very simple mathematical formula. As a
- fractal image is progressively magnified, the same basic
- shapes occur, but in practice, these shapes become blurred
- by the rounding errors due to the infinte storage space
- (computer word length) which is used in the computation.
-
- These two properties are now being used to compress image
- data to an order of magnitude less than that which was
- thought possible two years ago. Any image can now be
- completely described by Fractal Transform codes. These are
- then stored or transmitted to be reconstituted very simply
- in a similar manner to the current application. When the
- program of the latter is reviewed, it will be seen that the
- display generator, at the start of the program, consists of
- a few lines of code, but is still capable of producing
- these complex images.
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- Further reading:-
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- "Compressed to a fraction" by Nick Beard: Systems
- International, May 1990.