home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ Acorn User 10 / AU_CD10.iso / Updates / Perl / Docs / !PerlDocs / Chapter3 / Text
ZLIB Compressed Data  |  1997-07-17  |  39.3 KB

open in: MacOS 8.1     |     Win98     |     DOS

browse contents    |     view JSON data     |     view as text


This file was processed as: ZLIB Compressed Data (archive/zlib).

ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
100% dexvert ZLIB Compressed Data (archive/zlib) magic Supported
100% file zlib compressed data default
99% file data default
100% TrID ZLIB compressed data (default comp.) default



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 78 9c 00 00 01 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 06 08 00 00 |x.......|........|
|00000010| 00 08 00 00 01 10 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000020| 00 10 00 00 02 18 00 00 | c8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000030| 07 88 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 18 00 00 a5 70 00 00 |........|.....p..|
|00000040| 43 24 a1 03 40 25 ff ff | 60 73 ff ff d8 3b 00 00 |C$..@%..|`s...;..|
|00000050| 16 00 00 00 b0 fc 07 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 00 50 13 |........|......P.|
|00000060| 07 88 11 00 07 88 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c |........|....perl|
|00000070| 64 61 74 61 20 2d 20 50 | 65 72 6c 20 64 61 74 05 |data - P|erl dat.|
|00000080| 05 61 20 74 79 70 65 73 | 0d 08 74 61 07 89 11 00 |.a types|..ta....|
|00000090| 00 00 00 00 07 37 00 00 | 08 8a 11 00 08 8a 11 00 |.....7..|........|
|000000a0| 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 | 00 70 00 00 a5 40 00 00 |........|.p...@..|
|000000b0| 42 a2 5f 01 a0 98 fe ff | f0 de fe ff 68 37 00 00 |B._.....|....h7..|
|000000c0| 44 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 | 69 6f 6e 0d 08 8c 11 00 |Descript|ion.....|
|000000d0| 08 8b 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 62 6c 65 0a 8c 11 00 |........|.ble....|
|000000e0| 0a 8c 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 40 00 00 a5 30 00 00 |........|.@...0..|
|000000f0| 40 de 77 01 6f 38 fe ff | 1f 6f fe ff 18 2b 00 00 |@.w.o8..|.o...+..|
|00000100| 56 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 0d 08 |Variable| names..|
|00000110| 0a 8d 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 30 00 00 05 8c 00 00 |........|.0......|
|00000120| 00 74 f0 07 3a e3 fd ff | 1a 12 fe ff 20 22 00 00 |.t..:...|.... "..|
|00000130| 50 65 72 6c 20 68 61 73 | 20 74 68 72 65 65 20 64 |Perl has| three d|
|00000140| 61 74 61 20 73 74 72 75 | 63 74 75 72 65 73 3a 20 |ata stru|ctures: |
|00000150| 73 63 61 6c 61 72 73 2c | 20 61 72 72 61 79 73 20 |scalars,| arrays |
|00000160| 6f 66 20 73 63 61 6c 61 | 72 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |of scala|rs, and |
|00000170| 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 | 69 76 65 20 61 72 72 61 |associat|ive arra|
|00000180| 79 73 20 6f 66 20 73 63 | 61 6c 61 72 73 2c 20 6b |ys of sc|alars, k|
|00000190| 6e 6f 77 6e 20 61 73 20 | 22 68 61 73 68 65 73 22 |nown as |"hashes"|
|000001a0| 2e 20 20 00 00 8c 00 00 | 05 80 00 00 00 dc 91 07 |. .....|........|
|000001b0| 13 ab fd ff f3 d9 fd ff | 20 22 00 00 4e 6f 72 6d |........| "..Norm|
|000001c0| 61 6c 20 61 72 72 61 79 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 6e |al array|s are in|
|000001d0| 64 65 78 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 2c |dexed by| number,|
|000001e0| 20 73 74 61 72 74 69 6e | 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 30 | startin|g with 0|
|000001f0| 2e 20 20 28 4e 65 67 61 | 74 69 76 65 20 73 75 62 |. (Nega|tive sub|
|00000200| 73 63 72 69 70 74 73 20 | 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 66 72 |scripts |count fr|
|00000210| 6f 6d 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 6e 64 2e 29 20 20 48 61 |om the e|nd.) Ha|
|00000220| 73 68 20 00 00 80 00 00 | 25 38 00 00 40 68 14 02 |sh .....|%8..@h..|
|00000230| ec 72 fd ff cc a1 fd ff | 20 22 00 00 61 72 72 61 |.r......| "..arra|
|00000240| 79 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 | 6e 64 65 78 65 64 20 62 |ys are i|ndexed b|
|00000250| 79 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 2e 0d 00 00 00 38 00 00 |y string|.....8..|
|00000260| 05 88 00 00 00 fc d4 07 | 15 04 fd ff f5 32 fd ff |........|.....2..|
|00000270| 20 22 00 00 56 61 6c 75 | 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 75 | "..Valu|es are u|
|00000280| 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 72 | 65 66 65 72 72 65 64 20 |sually r|eferred |
|00000290| 74 6f 20 62 79 20 6e 61 | 6d 65 20 28 6f 72 20 74 |to by na|me (or t|
|000002a0| 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 61 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 72 |hrough a| named r|
|000002b0| 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 66 |eference|). The f|
|000002c0| 69 72 73 74 20 63 68 61 | 72 61 63 74 65 72 20 6f |irst cha|racter o|
|000002d0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6e 61 | 6d 65 20 74 65 6c 6c 73 |f the na|me tells|
|000002e0| 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 3c a1 07 | .......|.....<..|
|000002f0| ee cb fc ff ce fa fc ff | 20 22 00 00 79 6f 75 20 |........| "..you |
|00000300| 74 6f 20 77 68 61 74 20 | 73 6f 72 74 20 6f 66 20 |to what |sort of |
|00000310| 64 61 74 61 20 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 75 72 65 20 69 |data str|ucture i|
|00000320| 74 20 72 65 66 65 72 73 | 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 |t refers|. The r|
|00000330| 65 73 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |est of t|he name |
|00000340| 74 65 6c 6c 73 20 79 6f | 75 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 |tells yo|u the pa|
|00000350| 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 74 |rticular| value t|
|00000360| 6f 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 69 74 20 00 00 88 00 00 |o which |it .....|
|00000370| 85 a4 00 00 00 bc a8 07 | c7 93 fc ff a7 c2 fc ff |........|........|
|00000380| 20 22 00 00 72 65 66 65 | 72 73 2e 20 20 4d 6f 73 | "..refe|rs. Mos|
|00000390| 74 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 2c | 20 69 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 |t often,| it cons|
|000003a0| 69 73 74 73 20 6f 66 20 | 61 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 |ists of |a single|
|000003b0| 20 07 72 61 11 8e 11 00 | 11 8e 11 00 00 00 00 00 | .ra....|........|
|000003c0| 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 69 | 65 72 08 05 11 00 00 00 |identifi|er......|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 00 2c 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 73 2c 20 61 |...., th|at is, a|
|000003e0| 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 | 62 65 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e | string |beginnin|
|000003f0| 67 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 | 20 6c 65 74 74 65 72 20 |g with a| letter |
|00000400| 6f 72 20 75 6e 64 65 72 | 73 63 6f 72 65 2c 20 00 |or under|score, .|
|00000410| 00 a4 00 00 85 98 00 00 | 00 bc d8 07 a0 5b fc ff |........|.....[..|
|00000420| 80 8a fc ff 20 22 00 00 | 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 6e 74 |.... "..|and cont|
|00000430| 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 6c | 65 74 74 65 72 73 2c 20 |aining l|etters, |
|00000440| 75 6e 64 65 72 73 63 6f | 72 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 |undersco|res, and|
|00000450| 20 64 69 67 69 74 73 2e | 20 20 49 6e 20 73 6f 6d | digits.| In som|
|00000460| 65 20 63 61 73 65 73 2c | 20 69 74 20 6d 61 79 20 |e cases,| it may |
|00000470| 62 65 20 61 20 63 68 61 | 69 6e 20 6f 66 20 69 64 |be a cha|in of id|
|00000480| 65 6e 74 69 66 69 65 72 | 73 2c 20 73 65 70 61 72 |entifier|s, separ|
|00000490| 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 07 67 65 73 0e 8f 11 00 |ated by |.ges....|
|000004a0| 0e 8f 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 98 00 00 85 a8 00 00 |........|........|
|000004b0| 00 5c 5d 07 79 23 fc ff | 59 52 fc ff ba 1f 00 00 |.\].y#..|YR......|
|000004c0| 3a 3a 08 6c 0e 90 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 28 6f 72 |::.l....|.... (or|
|000004d0| 20 62 79 20 07 64 65 74 | 0e 91 11 00 0e 91 11 00 | by .det|........|
|000004e0| 00 00 00 00 27 08 73 73 | 0e 92 11 00 00 00 00 00 |....'.ss|........|
|000004f0| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 | 61 74 27 73 20 64 65 70 |, but th|at's dep|
|00000500| 72 65 63 61 74 65 64 29 | 3b 20 61 6c 6c 20 62 75 |recated)|; all bu|
|00000510| 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 | 73 74 20 61 72 65 20 69 |t the la|st are i|
|00000520| 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 | 65 64 20 61 73 20 6e 61 |nterpret|ed as na|
|00000530| 6d 65 73 20 6f 66 20 70 | 61 63 6b 61 67 65 73 2c |mes of p|ackages,|
|00000540| 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f 63 61 | 74 65 20 74 68 65 20 00 | to loca|te the .|
|00000550| 00 a8 00 00 85 9c 00 00 | 00 00 8f 07 52 eb fb ff |........|....R...|
|00000560| 32 1a fc ff 20 22 00 00 | 6e 61 6d 65 73 70 61 63 |2... "..|namespac|
|00000570| 65 20 69 6e 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 74 6f 20 6c 6f |e in whi|ch to lo|
|00000580| 6f 6b 20 75 70 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 69 6e 61 6c 20 |ok up th|e final |
|00000590| 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 69 | 65 72 20 28 73 65 65 20 |identifi|er (see |
|000005a0| 74 68 65 20 22 50 61 63 | 6b 61 67 65 73 22 20 65 |the "Pac|kages" e|
|000005b0| 6e 74 72 79 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 70 |ntry in |the chap|
|000005c0| 74 65 72 20 07 69 61 6c | 10 93 11 00 10 93 11 00 |ter .ial|........|
|000005d0| 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c | 6d 6f 64 08 10 00 00 00 |....perl|mod.....|
|000005e0| 00 00 00 00 20 66 6f 72 | 20 00 00 00 00 9c 00 00 |.... for| .......|
|000005f0| 05 88 00 00 00 1c a0 07 | 2b b3 fb ff 0b e2 fb ff |........|+.......|
|00000600| 20 22 00 00 64 65 74 61 | 69 6c 73 29 2e 20 49 74 | "..deta|ils). It|
|00000610| 27 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 | 62 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 73 |'s possi|ble to s|
|00000620| 75 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 | 65 20 66 6f 72 20 61 20 |ubstitut|e for a |
|00000630| 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 20 69 | 64 65 6e 74 69 66 69 65 |simple i|dentifie|
|00000640| 72 20 61 6e 20 65 78 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 |r an exp|ression |
|00000650| 77 68 69 63 68 20 70 72 | 6f 64 75 63 65 73 20 61 |which pr|oduces a|
|00000660| 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 6e | 63 65 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | referen|ce to th|
|00000670| 65 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 | a5 88 00 00 40 54 09 06 |e ......|....@T..|
|00000680| 04 7b fb ff e4 a9 fb ff | 20 22 00 00 76 61 6c 75 |.{......| "..valu|
|00000690| 65 20 61 74 20 72 75 6e | 74 69 6d 65 3b 20 74 68 |e at run|time; th|
|000006a0| 69 73 20 69 73 20 64 65 | 73 63 72 69 62 65 64 20 |is is de|scribed |
|000006b0| 69 6e 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 64 65 74 61 69 6c 20 62 |in more |detail b|
|000006c0| 65 6c 6f 77 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |elow, an|d in the|
|000006d0| 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 20 07 73 65 10 94 11 00 | chapter| .se....|
|000006e0| 10 94 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 70 65 72 6c 72 65 66 08 |........|perlref.|
|000006f0| 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 2e 0d 00 00 00 88 00 00 |........|........|
|00000700| 05 88 00 00 00 68 e4 07 | 2d 0c fb ff 0d 3b fb ff |.....h..|-....;..|
|00000710| 20 22 00 00 54 68 65 72 | 65 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c | "..Ther|e are al|
|00000720| 73 6f 20 73 70 65 63 69 | 61 6c 20 76 61 72 69 61 |so speci|al varia|
|00000730| 62 6c 65 73 20 77 68 6f | 73 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 |bles who|se names|
|00000740| 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 66 | 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 20 74 68 | don't f|ollow th|
|00000750| 65 73 65 20 72 75 6c 65 | 73 2c 20 73 6f 20 74 68 |ese rule|s, so th|
|00000760| 61 74 20 74 68 65 79 20 | 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 61 63 |at they |don't ac|
|00000770| 63 69 64 65 6e 74 61 6c | 6c 79 20 63 6f 6c 6c 69 |cidental|ly colli|
|00000780| 64 65 20 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 80 00 00 00 60 92 07 |de .....|.....`..|
|00000790| 06 d4 fa ff e6 02 fb ff | 20 22 00 00 77 69 74 68 |........| "..with|
|000007a0| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 66 20 | 79 6f 75 72 20 6e 6f 72 | one of |your nor|
|000007b0| 6d 61 6c 20 76 61 72 69 | 61 62 6c 65 73 2e 20 20 |mal vari|ables. |
|000007c0| 53 74 72 69 6e 67 73 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 6d 61 |Strings |which ma|
|000007d0| 74 63 68 20 70 61 72 65 | 6e 74 68 65 73 69 7a 65 |tch pare|nthesize|
|000007e0| 64 20 70 61 72 74 73 20 | 6f 66 20 61 20 72 65 67 |d parts |of a reg|
|000007f0| 75 6c 61 72 20 65 78 70 | 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 |ular exp|ression |
|00000800| 61 72 65 20 00 80 00 00 | 85 cc 00 00 00 a0 a0 07 |are ....|........|
|00000810| df 9b fa ff bf ca fa ff | 20 22 00 00 73 61 76 65 |........| "..save|
|00000820| 64 20 75 6e 64 65 72 20 | 6e 61 6d 65 73 20 63 6f |d under |names co|
|00000830| 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 64 69 |ntaining| only di|
|00000840| 67 69 74 73 20 61 66 74 | 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 07 |gits aft|er the .|
|00000850| 0e 95 11 00 0e 95 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 08 6e 20 |........|....$.n |
|00000860| 0e 96 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 28 73 65 65 20 74 68 |........| (see th|
|00000870| 65 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 | 72 20 07 6e 10 97 11 00 |e chapte|r .n....|
|00000880| 10 97 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 70 65 72 6c 6f 70 08 54 |........|perlop.T|
|00000890| 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 |........| and the|
|000008a0| 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 20 07 05 05 10 98 11 00 | chapter| .......|
|000008b0| 10 98 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 70 65 72 6c 72 65 08 00 |........|perlre..|
|000008c0| 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 29 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 00 |........|). In .|
|000008d0| 00 cc 00 00 05 7c 00 00 | 00 38 66 07 b8 63 fa ff |.....|..|.8f..c..|
|000008e0| 98 92 fa ff 20 22 00 00 | 61 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e |.... "..|addition|
|000008f0| 2c 20 73 65 76 65 72 61 | 6c 20 73 70 65 63 69 61 |, severa|l specia|
|00000900| 6c 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 | 6c 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 |l variab|les whic|
|00000910| 68 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 20 77 69 6e 64 6f 77 |h provid|e window|
|00000920| 73 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 69 6e 6e 65 72 |s into t|he inner|
|00000930| 20 77 6f 72 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 66 20 50 65 72 6c | working| of Perl|
|00000940| 20 68 61 76 65 20 6e 61 | 6d 65 73 20 00 7c 00 00 | have na|mes .|..|
|00000950| a5 78 00 00 40 fc 65 04 | 91 2b fa ff 71 5a fa ff |.x..@.e.|.+..qZ..|
|00000960| 20 22 00 00 63 6f 6e 74 | 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 70 | "..cont|aining p|
|00000970| 75 6e 63 74 75 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 63 68 61 72 61 |unctuati|on chara|
|00000980| 63 74 65 72 73 20 28 73 | 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 |cters (s|ee the c|
|00000990| 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 07 | 10 99 11 00 10 99 11 00 |hapter .|........|
|000009a0| 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c | 76 61 72 08 10 00 00 00 |....perl|var.....|
|000009b0| 00 00 00 00 29 2e 0d 07 | 14 9a 11 00 14 9a 11 00 |....)...|........|
|000009c0| 00 00 00 00 00 78 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 44 a5 07 |.....x..|.....D..|
|000009d0| ba bc f9 ff 9a eb f9 ff | 20 22 00 00 53 63 61 6c |........| "..Scal|
|000009e0| 61 72 20 76 61 6c 75 65 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c |ar value|s are al|
|000009f0| 77 61 79 73 20 6e 61 6d | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 |ways nam|ed with |
|00000a00| 27 24 27 2c 20 65 76 65 | 6e 20 77 68 65 6e 20 72 |'$', eve|n when r|
|00000a10| 65 66 65 72 72 69 6e 67 | 20 74 6f 20 61 20 73 63 |eferring| to a sc|
|00000a20| 61 6c 61 72 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 73 20 70 61 72 |alar tha|t is par|
|00000a30| 74 20 6f 66 20 61 6e 20 | 61 72 72 61 79 2e 20 20 |t of an |array. |
|00000a40| 49 74 20 77 6f 72 6b 73 | 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 |It works| .......|
|00000a50| a5 74 00 00 40 44 31 03 | 93 84 f9 ff 73 b3 f9 ff |.t..@D1.|....s...|
|00000a60| 20 22 00 00 6c 69 6b 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 45 6e 67 | "..like| the Eng|
|00000a70| 6c 69 73 68 20 77 6f 72 | 64 20 22 74 68 65 22 2e |lish wor|d "the".|
|00000a80| 20 20 54 68 75 73 20 77 | 65 20 68 61 76 65 3a 0d | Thus w|e have:.|
|00000a90| 08 20 20 20 14 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 30 5d 2c |. ....|.....0],|
|00000aa0| 12 9b 11 00 12 9b 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 20 24 64 |........|..... $d|
|00000ab0| 0c 9c 11 00 12 9b 11 00 | 0c 9c 11 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000ac0| 00 74 00 00 25 50 00 00 | 40 c0 c2 04 8c 1d f9 ff |.t..%P..|@.......|
|00000ad0| 9c 44 f9 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 24 64 61 79 73 20 20 20 |.D..p...|$days |
|00000ae0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 74 68 | | # th|
|00000af0| 65 20 73 69 6d 70 6c 65 | 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 20 |e simple| scalar |
|00000b00| 76 61 6c 75 65 20 22 64 | 61 79 73 22 0d 00 00 00 |value "d|ays"....|
|00000b10| 00 50 00 00 25 50 00 00 | 40 30 da 04 ac ee f8 ff |.P..%P..|@0......|
|00000b20| bc 15 f9 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 24 64 61 79 73 5b 32 38 |....p...|$days[28|
|00000b30| 5d 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 74 68 |] | # th|
|00000b40| 65 20 32 39 74 68 20 65 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f |e 29th e|lement o|
|00000b50| 66 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 | 40 64 61 79 73 0d 00 00 |f array |@days...|
|00000b60| 00 50 00 00 25 50 00 00 | 40 30 da 04 cc bf f8 ff |.P..%P..|@0......|
|00000b70| dc e6 f8 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 24 64 61 79 73 7b 27 46 |....p...|$days{'F|
|00000b80| 65 62 27 7d 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 74 68 |eb'} | # th|
|00000b90| 65 20 27 46 65 62 27 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 20 66 72 |e 'Feb' |value fr|
|00000ba0| 6f 6d 20 68 61 73 68 20 | 25 64 61 79 73 0d 00 00 |om hash |%days...|
|00000bb0| 00 50 00 00 a5 78 00 00 | 40 50 ab 04 ec 90 f8 ff |.P...x..|@P......|
|00000bc0| fc b7 f8 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 24 23 64 61 79 73 20 20 |....p...|$#days |
|00000bd0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 74 68 | | # th|
|00000be0| 65 20 6c 61 73 74 20 69 | 6e 64 65 78 20 6f 66 20 |e last i|ndex of |
|00000bf0| 61 72 72 61 79 20 40 64 | 61 79 73 0d 08 00 00 00 |array @d|ays.....|
|00000c00| 0c 9d 11 00 12 9b 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00000c10| 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 00 00 00 18 9e 11 00 |........|........|
|00000c20| 18 9e 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 78 00 00 a5 34 00 00 |........|.x...4..|
|00000c30| 40 00 00 00 5c 7c f8 ff | 1c 89 f8 ff 00 00 00 00 |@...\|..|........|
|00000c40| 0d 08 68 20 18 9f 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 6c 20 27 |..h ....|.....l '|
|00000c50| 14 a0 11 00 14 a0 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 34 00 00 |........|.....4..|
|00000c60| a5 b0 00 00 40 ec 90 07 | 8c 23 f8 ff 6c 52 f8 ff |....@...|.#..lR..|
|00000c70| 20 22 00 00 62 75 74 20 | 65 6e 74 69 72 65 20 61 | "..but |entire a|
|00000c80| 72 72 61 79 73 20 6f 72 | 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 73 |rrays or| array s|
|00000c90| 6c 69 63 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 64 65 6e 6f 74 65 |lices ar|e denote|
|00000ca0| 64 20 62 79 20 27 40 27 | 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 |d by '@'|, which |
|00000cb0| 77 6f 72 6b 73 20 6d 75 | 63 68 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 |works mu|ch like |
|00000cc0| 74 68 65 20 77 6f 72 64 | 20 22 74 68 65 73 65 22 |the word| "these"|
|00000cd0| 20 6f 72 20 22 74 68 6f | 73 65 22 3a 0d 08 69 74 | or "tho|se":..it|
|00000ce0| 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 69 61 6c 12 a1 11 00 |........|.ial....|
|00000cf0| 12 a1 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 20 64 6f 0c a2 11 00 |........|. do....|
|00000d00| 12 a1 11 00 0c a2 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 b0 00 00 |........|........|
|00000d10| 25 50 00 00 40 10 09 05 | 85 bc f7 ff 95 e3 f7 ff |%P..@...|........|
|00000d20| 70 1a 00 00 40 64 61 79 | 73 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |p...@day|s |
|00000d30| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 23 20 28 24 64 61 79 73 | |# ($days|
|00000d40| 5b 30 5d 2c 20 24 64 61 | 79 73 5b 31 5d 2c 2e 2e |[0], $da|ys[1],..|
|00000d50| 2e 20 24 64 61 79 73 5b | 6e 5d 29 0d 00 50 00 00 |. $days[|n])..P..|
|00000d60| 25 44 00 00 40 f0 c0 03 | a5 8d f7 ff b5 b4 f7 ff |%D..@...|........|
|00000d70| 70 1a 00 00 40 64 61 79 | 73 5b 33 2c 34 2c 35 5d |p...@day|s[3,4,5]|
|00000d80| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 23 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 | |# same a|
|00000d90| 73 20 40 64 61 79 73 5b | 33 2e 2e 35 5d 0d 00 00 |s @days[|3..5]...|
|00000da0| 00 44 00 00 a5 78 00 00 | 40 30 da 04 c5 5e f7 ff |.D...x..|@0...^..|
|00000db0| d5 85 f7 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 40 64 61 79 73 7b 27 61 |....p...|@days{'a|
|00000dc0| 27 2c 27 63 27 7d 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 73 61 |','c'} | # sa|
|00000dd0| 6d 65 20 61 73 20 28 24 | 64 61 79 73 7b 27 61 27 |me as ($|days{'a'|
|00000de0| 7d 2c 24 64 61 79 73 7b | 27 63 27 7d 29 0d 08 73 |},$days{|'c'})..s|
|00000df0| 0c a3 11 00 12 a1 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 08 66 6f 6f |........|.....foo|
|00000e00| 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 20 61 72 18 a4 11 00 |........|. ar....|
|00000e10| 18 a4 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 78 00 00 a5 34 00 00 |........|.x...4..|
|00000e20| 40 00 00 00 35 4a f7 ff | f5 56 f7 ff 00 00 00 00 |@...5J..|.V......|
|00000e30| 0d 08 61 6e 18 a5 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 ac 11 00 |..an....|........|
|00000e40| 14 a6 11 00 14 a6 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 34 00 00 |........|.....4..|
|00000e50| a5 6c 00 00 40 2c b3 02 | 65 f1 f6 ff 45 20 f7 ff |.l..@,..|e...E ..|
|00000e60| 20 22 00 00 61 6e 64 20 | 65 6e 74 69 72 65 20 68 | "..and |entire h|
|00000e70| 61 73 68 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 64 65 6e 6f 74 65 |ashes ar|e denote|
|00000e80| 64 20 62 79 20 27 25 27 | 3a 0d 08 65 14 00 00 00 |d by '%'|:..e....|
|00000e90| 00 00 00 00 07 77 65 69 | 12 a7 11 00 12 a7 11 00 |.....wei|........|
|00000ea0| 00 00 00 00 07 73 20 6f | 0c a8 11 00 12 a7 11 00 |.....s o|........|
|00000eb0| 0c a8 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 6c 00 00 a5 74 00 00 |........|.l...t..|
|00000ec0| 40 e0 93 04 5e 8a f6 ff | 6e b1 f6 ff 70 1a 00 00 |@...^...|n...p...|
|00000ed0| 25 64 61 79 73 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |%days | |
|00000ee0| 20 20 20 20 23 20 28 6b | 65 79 31 2c 20 76 61 6c | # (k|ey1, val|
|00000ef0| 31 2c 20 6b 65 79 32 2c | 20 76 61 6c 32 20 2e 2e |1, key2,| val2 ..|
|00000f00| 2e 29 0d 08 0c a9 11 00 | 12 a7 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.)......|........|
|00000f10| 08 72 65 73 12 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 72 64 73 |.res....|.....rds|
|00000f20| 18 aa 11 00 18 aa 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 74 00 00 |........|.....t..|
|00000f30| a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 | ce 75 f6 ff 8e 82 f6 ff |.$..@...|.u......|
|00000f40| 00 00 00 00 0d 08 74 6f | 18 ab 11 00 00 00 00 00 |......to|........|
|00000f50| 00 24 00 00 05 7c 00 00 | 00 00 08 07 fe 1c f6 ff |.$...|..|........|
|00000f60| de 4b f6 ff 20 22 00 00 | 49 6e 20 61 64 64 69 74 |.K.. "..|In addit|
|00000f70| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 73 75 62 | 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 |ion, sub|routines|
|00000f80| 20 61 72 65 20 6e 61 6d | 65 64 20 77 69 74 68 20 | are nam|ed with |
|00000f90| 61 6e 20 69 6e 69 74 69 | 61 6c 20 27 26 27 2c 20 |an initi|al '&', |
|00000fa0| 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 6f |though t|his is o|
|00000fb0| 70 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | 77 68 65 6e 20 69 74 27 |ptional |when it'|
|00000fc0| 73 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 | 69 73 65 20 00 7c 00 00 |s otherw|ise .|..|
|00000fd0| 05 88 00 00 00 68 ea 07 | d7 e4 f5 ff b7 13 f6 ff |.....h..|........|
|00000fe0| 20 22 00 00 75 6e 61 6d | 62 69 67 75 6f 75 73 20 | "..unam|biguous |
|00000ff0| 28 6a 75 73 74 20 61 73 | 20 22 64 6f 22 20 69 73 |(just as| "do" is|
|00001000| 20 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 72 | 65 64 75 6e 64 61 6e 74 | often r|edundant|
|00001010| 20 69 6e 20 45 6e 67 6c | 69 73 68 29 2e 20 20 53 | in Engl|ish). S|
|00001020| 79 6d 62 6f 6c 20 74 61 | 62 6c 65 20 65 6e 74 72 |ymbol ta|ble entr|
|00001030| 69 65 73 20 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 |ies can |be named|
|00001040| 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e | 20 69 6e 69 74 69 61 6c | with an| initial|
|00001050| 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 | 25 48 00 00 40 08 1c 03 | .......|%H..@...|
|00001060| b0 ac f5 ff 90 db f5 ff | 20 22 00 00 27 2a 27 2c |........| "..'*',|
|00001070| 20 62 75 74 20 79 6f 75 | 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 72 | but you| don't r|
|00001080| 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 63 61 | 72 65 20 61 62 6f 75 74 |eally ca|re about|
|00001090| 20 74 68 61 74 20 79 65 | 74 2e 0d 00 00 48 00 00 | that ye|t....H..|
|000010a0| 05 80 00 00 00 64 85 07 | d9 3d f5 ff b9 6c f5 ff |.....d..|.=...l..|
|000010b0| 20 22 00 00 45 76 65 72 | 79 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 | "..Ever|y variab|
|000010c0| 6c 65 20 74 79 70 65 20 | 68 61 73 20 69 74 73 20 |le type |has its |
|000010d0| 6f 77 6e 20 6e 61 6d 65 | 73 70 61 63 65 2e 20 20 |own name|space. |
|000010e0| 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 2c | 20 77 69 74 68 6f 75 74 |You can,| without|
|000010f0| 20 66 65 61 72 20 6f 66 | 20 63 6f 6e 66 6c 69 63 | fear of| conflic|
|00001100| 74 2c 20 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 73 61 6d 65 20 |t, use t|he same |
|00001110| 6e 61 6d 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 61 20 00 00 80 00 00 |name for| a .....|
|00001120| 05 88 00 00 00 80 81 07 | b2 05 f5 ff 92 34 f5 ff |........|.....4..|
|00001130| 20 22 00 00 73 63 61 6c | 61 72 20 76 61 72 69 61 | "..scal|ar varia|
|00001140| 62 6c 65 2c 20 61 6e 20 | 61 72 72 61 79 2c 20 6f |ble, an |array, o|
|00001150| 72 20 61 20 68 61 73 68 | 20 28 6f 72 2c 20 66 6f |r a hash| (or, fo|
|00001160| 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 6d | 61 74 74 65 72 2c 20 61 |r that m|atter, a|
|00001170| 20 66 69 6c 65 68 61 6e | 64 6c 65 2c 20 61 20 73 | filehan|dle, a s|
|00001180| 75 62 72 6f 75 74 69 6e | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 2c 20 |ubroutin|e name, |
|00001190| 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 61 62 | 65 6c 29 2e 20 54 68 69 |or a lab|el). Thi|
|000011a0| 73 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 | 85 9c 00 00 00 b0 e1 07 |s ......|........|
|000011b0| 8b cd f4 ff 6b fc f4 ff | 20 22 00 00 6d 65 61 6e |....k...| "..mean|
|000011c0| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 24 | 66 6f 6f 20 61 6e 64 20 |s that $|foo and |
|000011d0| 40 66 6f 6f 20 61 72 65 | 20 74 77 6f 20 64 69 66 |@foo are| two dif|
|000011e0| 66 65 72 65 6e 74 20 76 | 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 73 |ferent v|ariables|
|000011f0| 2e 20 20 49 74 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 |. It al|so means|
|00001200| 20 74 68 61 74 20 07 6f | 0e ac 11 00 0e ac 11 00 | that .o|........|
|00001210| 00 00 00 00 24 66 6f 6f | 5b 31 5d 08 0e ad 11 00 |....$foo|[1].....|
|00001220| 00 00 00 00 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 70 61 72 74 20 6f |.... is |a part o|
|00001230| 66 20 40 66 6f 6f 2c 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 00 00 |f @foo, |not a ..|
|00001240| 00 9c 00 00 25 68 00 00 | 40 38 92 05 64 95 f4 ff |....%h..|@8..d...|
|00001250| 44 c4 f4 ff 20 22 00 00 | 70 61 72 74 20 6f 66 20 |D... "..|part of |
|00001260| 24 66 6f 6f 2e 20 20 54 | 68 69 73 20 6d 61 79 20 |$foo. T|his may |
|00001270| 73 65 65 6d 20 61 20 62 | 69 74 20 77 65 69 72 64 |seem a b|it weird|
|00001280| 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 68 | 61 74 27 73 20 6f 6b 61 |, but th|at's oka|
|00001290| 79 2c 20 62 65 63 61 75 | 73 65 20 69 74 20 69 73 |y, becau|se it is|
|000012a0| 20 77 65 69 72 64 2e 0d | 00 68 00 00 05 88 00 00 | weird..|.h......|
|000012b0| 00 60 ad 07 8d 26 f4 ff | 6d 55 f4 ff 20 22 00 00 |.`...&..|mU.. "..|
|000012c0| 42 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 | 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 |Because |variable|
|000012d0| 20 61 6e 64 20 61 72 72 | 61 79 20 72 65 66 65 72 | and arr|ay refer|
|000012e0| 65 6e 63 65 73 20 61 6c | 77 61 79 73 20 73 74 61 |ences al|ways sta|
|000012f0| 72 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 27 24 27 2c 20 27 40 27 |rt with |'$', '@'|
|00001300| 2c 20 6f 72 20 27 25 27 | 2c 20 74 68 65 20 22 72 |, or '%'|, the "r|
|00001310| 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 22 | 20 77 6f 72 64 73 20 61 |eserved"| words a|
|00001320| 72 65 6e 27 74 20 69 6e | 20 66 61 63 74 20 00 00 |ren't in| fact ..|
|00001330| 00 88 00 00 01 10 00 00 | 00 78 56 07 00 00 00 00 |........|.xV.....|
|00001340| 00 10 00 00 02 14 00 00 | 64 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|d.......|
|00001350| 00 00 00 00 00 14 00 00 | 05 8c 00 00 00 78 56 07 |........|.....xV.|
|00001360| cf 44 f2 ff af 73 f2 ff | 20 22 00 00 16 00 00 00 |.D...s..| "......|
|00001370| b0 fc 07 00 00 00 00 00 | 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 |........|reserved|
|00001380| 20 77 69 74 68 20 72 65 | 73 70 65 63 74 20 74 6f | with re|spect to|
|00001390| 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c | 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 73 2e | variabl|e names.|
|000013a0| 20 20 28 54 68 65 79 20 | 41 52 45 20 72 65 73 65 | (They |ARE rese|
|000013b0| 72 76 65 64 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 72 65 73 70 65 63 |rved wit|h respec|
|000013c0| 74 20 74 6f 20 6c 61 62 | 65 6c 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |t to lab|els and |
|000013d0| 66 69 6c 65 68 61 6e 64 | 6c 65 73 2c 20 00 00 00 |filehand|les, ...|
|000013e0| 00 8c 00 00 05 80 00 00 | 00 64 49 07 a8 0c f2 ff |........|.dI.....|
|000013f0| 88 3b f2 ff 20 22 00 00 | 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c |.;.. "..|however,|
|00001400| 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 64 | 6f 6e 27 74 20 68 61 76 | which d|on't hav|
|00001410| 65 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 69 | 74 69 61 6c 20 73 70 65 |e an ini|tial spe|
|00001420| 63 69 61 6c 20 63 68 61 | 72 61 63 74 65 72 2e 20 |cial cha|racter. |
|00001430| 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e | 27 74 20 68 61 76 65 20 | You can|'t have |
|00001440| 61 20 66 69 6c 65 68 61 | 6e 64 6c 65 20 6e 61 6d |a fileha|ndle nam|
|00001450| 65 64 20 22 6c 6f 67 22 | 2c 20 66 6f 72 20 00 00 |ed "log"|, for ..|
|00001460| 00 80 00 00 85 a4 00 00 | 00 0c da 07 81 d4 f1 ff |........|........|
|00001470| 61 03 f2 ff 20 22 00 00 | 69 6e 73 74 61 6e 63 65 |a... "..|instance|
|00001480| 2e 20 20 48 69 6e 74 3a | 20 79 6f 75 20 63 6f 75 |. Hint:| you cou|
|00001490| 6c 64 20 73 61 79 20 07 | 0e ae 11 00 0e ae 11 00 |ld say .|........|
|000014a0| 00 00 00 00 6f 70 65 6e | 28 4c 4f 47 2c 27 6c 6f |....open|(LOG,'lo|
|000014b0| 67 66 69 6c 65 27 29 08 | 0e af 11 00 00 00 00 00 |gfile').|........|
|000014c0| 20 72 61 74 68 65 72 20 | 74 68 61 6e 20 07 75 72 | rather |than .ur|
|000014d0| 0e b0 11 00 0e b0 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 6f 70 65 6e |........|....open|
|000014e0| 28 6c 6f 67 2c 27 6c 6f | 67 66 69 6c 65 27 29 08 |(log,'lo|gfile').|
|000014f0| 0e b1 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 2e 20 20 55 73 69 6e 67 |........|. Using|
|00001500| 20 00 00 00 00 a4 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 94 dc 07 | .......|........|
|00001510| 5a 9c f1 ff 3a cb f1 ff | 20 22 00 00 75 70 70 65 |Z...:...| "..uppe|
|00001520| 72 63 61 73 65 20 66 69 | 6c 65 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 |rcase fi|lehandle|
|00001530| 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 69 | 6d 70 72 6f 76 65 73 20 |s also i|mproves |
|00001540| 72 65 61 64 61 62 69 6c | 69 74 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |readabil|ity and |
|00001550| 70 72 6f 74 65 63 74 73 | 20 79 6f 75 20 66 72 6f |protects| you fro|
|00001560| 6d 20 63 6f 6e 66 6c 69 | 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 |m confli|ct with |
|00001570| 66 75 74 75 72 65 20 72 | 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 |future r|eserved |
|00001580| 77 6f 72 64 73 2e 29 20 | 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 |words.) | .......|
|00001590| 85 9c 00 00 00 70 76 07 | 33 64 f1 ff 13 93 f1 ff |.....pv.|3d......|
|000015a0| 20 22 00 00 43 61 73 65 | 20 07 20 62 11 b2 11 00 | "..Case| . b....|
|000015b0| 11 b2 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 49 53 08 20 11 00 00 00 |........|IS. ....|
|000015c0| 00 00 00 00 20 73 69 67 | 6e 69 66 69 63 61 6e 74 |.... sig|nificant|
|000015d0| 2d 2d 22 46 4f 4f 22 2c | 20 22 46 6f 6f 22 2c 20 |--"FOO",| "Foo", |
|000015e0| 61 6e 64 20 22 66 6f 6f | 22 20 61 72 65 20 61 6c |and "foo|" are al|
|000015f0| 6c 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 | 65 6e 74 20 6e 61 6d 65 |l differ|ent name|
|00001600| 73 2e 20 20 4e 61 6d 65 | 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 |s. Name|s that s|
|00001610| 74 61 72 74 20 77 69 74 | 68 20 61 20 6c 65 74 74 |tart wit|h a lett|
|00001620| 65 72 20 6f 72 20 00 00 | 00 9c 00 00 25 4c 00 00 |er or ..|....%L..|
|00001630| 40 ac d1 03 0c 2c f1 ff | ec 5a f1 ff 20 22 00 00 |@....,..|.Z.. "..|
|00001640| 75 6e 64 65 72 73 63 6f | 72 65 20 6d 61 79 20 61 |undersco|re may a|
|00001650| 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f 6e 74 | 61 69 6e 20 64 69 67 69 |lso cont|ain digi|
|00001660| 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 75 | 6e 64 65 72 73 63 6f 72 |ts and u|nderscor|
|00001670| 65 73 2e 0d 00 4c 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 20 d2 07 |es...L..|..... ..|
|00001680| 35 bd f0 ff 15 ec f0 ff | 20 22 00 00 49 74 20 69 |5.......| "..It i|
|00001690| 73 20 70 6f 73 73 69 62 | 6c 65 20 74 6f 20 72 65 |s possib|le to re|
|000016a0| 70 6c 61 63 65 20 73 75 | 63 68 20 61 6e 20 61 6c |place su|ch an al|
|000016b0| 70 68 61 6e 75 6d 65 72 | 69 63 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 |phanumer|ic name |
|000016c0| 77 69 74 68 20 61 6e 20 | 65 78 70 72 65 73 73 69 |with an |expressi|
|000016d0| 6f 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 72 65 74 75 72 6e 73 20 |on that |returns |
|000016e0| 61 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 | 6e 63 65 20 74 6f 20 61 |a refere|nce to a|
|000016f0| 6e 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 |n object| .......|
|00001700| a5 74 00 00 40 14 87 04 | 0e 85 f0 ff ee b3 f0 ff |.t..@...|........|
|00001710| 20 22 00 00 6f 66 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 74 79 70 65 | "..of t|hat type|
|00001720| 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 61 | 20 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 |. For a| descrip|
|00001730| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 69 73 2c 20 73 65 |tion of |this, se|
|00001740| 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 68 | 61 70 74 65 72 20 07 20 |e the ch|apter . |
|00001750| 10 b3 11 00 10 b3 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c |........|....perl|
|00001760| 72 65 66 08 10 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 2e 0d 00 00 |ref.....|........|
|00001770| 00 74 00 00 05 80 00 00 | 00 dc 3a 07 37 16 f0 ff |.t......|..:.7...|
|00001780| 17 45 f0 ff 20 22 00 00 | 4e 61 6d 65 73 20 74 68 |.E.. "..|Names th|
|00001790| 61 74 20 73 74 61 72 74 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 |at start| with a |
|000017a0| 64 69 67 69 74 20 6d 61 | 79 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 |digit ma|y contai|
|000017b0| 6e 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 6d | 6f 72 65 20 64 69 67 69 |n only m|ore digi|
|000017c0| 74 73 2e 20 20 4e 61 6d | 65 73 20 77 68 69 63 68 |ts. Nam|es which|
|000017d0| 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 73 74 61 72 74 20 77 69 | do not |start wi|
|000017e0| 74 68 20 61 20 6c 65 74 | 74 65 72 2c 20 00 00 00 |th a let|ter, ...|
|000017f0| 00 80 00 00 85 bc 00 00 | 00 90 f2 07 10 de ef ff |........|........|
|00001800| f0 0c f0 ff 20 22 00 00 | 75 6e 64 65 72 73 63 6f |.... "..|undersco|
|00001810| 72 65 2c 20 20 6f 72 20 | 64 69 67 69 74 20 61 72 |re, or |digit ar|
|00001820| 65 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 | 64 20 74 6f 20 6f 6e 65 |e limite|d to one|
|00001830| 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 | 65 72 2c 20 65 2e 67 2e | charact|er, e.g.|
|00001840| 2c 20 20 07 0e b4 11 00 | 0e b4 11 00 00 00 00 00 |, .....|........|
|00001850| 24 25 08 0d 0e b5 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 6f 72 20 |$%......|.... or |
|00001860| 07 00 00 00 0e b6 11 00 | 0e b6 11 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00001870| 24 24 08 05 0e b7 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 2e 20 20 28 |$$......|..... (|
|00001880| 4d 6f 73 74 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 73 65 20 6f 6e |Most of |these on|
|00001890| 65 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 6e 61 6d 65 |e charac|ter name|
|000018a0| 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 61 | 20 00 00 00 00 bc 00 00 |s have a| .......|
|000018b0| a5 90 00 00 40 a0 7b 05 | e9 a5 ef ff c9 d4 ef ff |....@.{.|........|
|000018c0| 20 22 00 00 70 72 65 64 | 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 73 | "..pred|efined s|
|000018d0| 69 67 6e 69 66 69 63 61 | 6e 63 65 20 74 6f 20 50 |ignifica|nce to P|
|000018e0| 65 72 6c 2e 20 20 46 6f | 72 20 69 6e 73 74 61 6e |erl. Fo|r instan|
|000018f0| 63 65 2c 20 07 62 6c 65 | 0e b8 11 00 0e b8 11 00 |ce, .ble|........|
|00001900| 00 00 00 00 24 24 08 6f | 0e b9 11 00 00 00 00 00 |....$$.o|........|
|00001910| 20 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 | is the |current |
|00001920| 70 72 6f 63 65 73 73 20 | 69 64 2e 29 0d 07 63 6b |process |id.)..ck|
|00001930| 0a ba 11 00 0a ba 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 90 00 00 |........|........|
|00001940| a5 2c 00 00 40 74 bc 00 | 42 2f ef ff f2 65 ef ff |.,..@t..|B/...e..|
|00001950| 18 2b 00 00 43 6f 6e 74 | 65 78 74 0d 08 6f 73 65 |.+..Cont|ext..ose|
|00001960| 0a bb 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 2c 00 00 05 84 00 00 |........|.,......|
|00001970| 00 5c b4 07 0d da ee ff | ed 08 ef ff 20 22 00 00 |.\......|.... "..|
|00001980| 54 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 | 72 70 72 65 74 61 74 69 |The inte|rpretati|
|00001990| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 6f 70 | 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |on of op|erations|
|000019a0| 20 61 6e 64 20 76 61 6c | 75 65 73 20 69 6e 20 50 | and val|ues in P|
|000019b0| 65 72 6c 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 74 69 6d 65 73 20 64 65 |erl some|times de|
|000019c0| 70 65 6e 64 73 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 72 65 71 |pends on| the req|
|000019d0| 75 69 72 65 6d 65 6e 74 | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |uirement|s of the|
|000019e0| 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 | 20 00 00 00 00 84 00 00 | context| .......|
|000019f0| 05 88 00 00 00 40 bb 07 | e6 a1 ee ff c6 d0 ee ff |.....@..|........|
|00001a00| 20 22 00 00 61 72 6f 75 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 6f | "..arou|nd the o|
|00001a10| 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 72 20 76 61 6c 75 |peration| or valu|
|00001a20| 65 2e 20 54 68 65 72 65 | 20 61 72 65 20 74 77 6f |e. There| are two|
|00001a30| 20 6d 61 6a 6f 72 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 73 3a | major c|ontexts:|
|00001a40| 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6c 69 73 74 | scalar |and list|
|00001a50| 2e 20 20 43 65 72 74 61 | 69 6e 20 6f 70 65 72 61 |. Certa|in opera|
|00001a60| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 72 65 | 74 75 72 6e 20 6c 69 73 |tions re|turn lis|
|00001a70| 74 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 c8 6c 07 |t ......|......l.|
|00001a80| bf 69 ee ff 9f 98 ee ff | 20 22 00 00 76 61 6c 75 |.i......| "..valu|
|00001a90| 65 73 20 69 6e 20 63 6f | 6e 74 65 78 74 73 20 77 |es in co|ntexts w|
|00001aa0| 61 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 61 | 20 6c 69 73 74 2c 20 61 |anting a| list, a|
|00001ab0| 6e 64 20 73 63 61 6c 61 | 72 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 |nd scala|r values|
|00001ac0| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 | 73 65 2e 20 20 28 49 66 | otherwi|se. (If|
|00001ad0| 20 74 68 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 74 72 75 65 20 6f 66 | this is| true of|
|00001ae0| 20 61 6e 20 6f 70 65 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 69 74 | an oper|ation it|
|00001af0| 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 | 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 | will be| .......|
|00001b00| 05 88 00 00 00 64 e8 07 | 98 31 ee ff 78 60 ee ff |.....d..|.1..x`..|
|00001b10| 20 22 00 00 6d 65 6e 74 | 69 6f 6e 65 64 20 69 6e | "..ment|ioned in|
|00001b20| 20 74 68 65 20 64 6f 63 | 75 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 69 | the doc|umentati|
|00001b30| 6f 6e 20 66 6f 72 20 74 | 68 61 74 20 6f 70 65 72 |on for t|hat oper|
|00001b40| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 29 20 | 20 49 6e 20 6f 74 68 65 |ation.) | In othe|
|00001b50| 72 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c | 20 50 65 72 6c 20 6f 76 |r words,| Perl ov|
|00001b60| 65 72 6c 6f 61 64 73 20 | 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e 20 |erloads |certain |
|00001b70| 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 62 61 73 65 64 |operatio|ns based|
|00001b80| 20 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 80 00 00 00 60 86 07 | .......|.....`..|
|00001b90| 71 f9 ed ff 51 28 ee ff | 20 22 00 00 6f 6e 20 77 |q...Q(..| "..on w|
|00001ba0| 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 78 70 65 63 |hether t|he expec|
|00001bb0| 74 65 64 20 72 65 74 75 | 72 6e 20 76 61 6c 75 65 |ted retu|rn value|
|00001bc0| 20 69 73 20 73 69 6e 67 | 75 6c 61 72 20 6f 72 20 | is sing|ular or |
|00001bd0| 70 6c 75 72 61 6c 2e 20 | 20 28 53 6f 6d 65 20 77 |plural. | (Some w|
|00001be0| 6f 72 64 73 20 69 6e 20 | 45 6e 67 6c 69 73 68 20 |ords in |English |
|00001bf0| 77 6f 72 6b 20 74 68 69 | 73 20 77 61 79 2c 20 6c |work thi|s way, l|
|00001c00| 69 6b 65 20 00 80 00 00 | 25 30 00 00 40 00 74 01 |ike ....|%0..@.t.|
|00001c10| 4a c1 ed ff 2a f0 ed ff | 20 22 00 00 22 66 69 73 |J...*...| ".."fis|
|00001c20| 68 22 20 61 6e 64 20 22 | 73 68 65 65 70 22 2e 29 |h" and "|sheep".)|
|00001c30| 0d 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 18 bf 07 |.....0..|........|
|00001c40| 73 52 ed ff 53 81 ed ff | 20 22 00 00 49 6e 20 61 |sR..S...| "..In a|
|00001c50| 20 72 65 63 69 70 72 6f | 63 61 6c 20 66 61 73 68 | recipro|cal fash|
|00001c60| 69 6f 6e 2c 20 61 6e 20 | 6f 70 65 72 61 74 69 6f |ion, an |operatio|
|00001c70| 6e 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 | 65 73 20 65 69 74 68 65 |n provid|es eithe|
|00001c80| 72 20 61 20 73 63 61 6c | 61 72 20 6f 72 20 61 20 |r a scal|ar or a |
|00001c90| 6c 69 73 74 20 63 6f 6e | 74 65 78 74 20 74 6f 20 |list con|text to |
|00001ca0| 65 61 63 68 20 6f 66 20 | 69 74 73 20 61 72 67 75 |each of |its argu|
|00001cb0| 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 | 46 6f 72 20 00 88 00 00 |ments. |For ....|
|00001cc0| a5 50 00 00 40 20 6f 01 | 4c 1a ed ff 2c 49 ed ff |.P..@ o.|L...,I..|
|00001cd0| 20 22 00 00 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 2c 20 69 66 20 | "..exam|ple, if |
|00001ce0| 79 6f 75 20 73 61 79 0d | 07 74 72 69 12 bc 11 00 |you say.|.tri....|
|00001cf0| 12 bc 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 72 65 6e 0c bd 11 00 |........|.ren....|
|00001d00| 12 bc 11 00 0c bd 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 50 00 00 |........|.....P..|
|00001d10| a5 50 00 00 40 20 48 01 | 45 b3 ec ff 55 da ec ff |.P..@ H.|E...U...|
|00001d20| 70 1a 00 00 69 6e 74 28 | 20 3c 53 54 44 49 4e 3e |p...int(| <STDIN>|
|00001d30| 20 29 0d 08 0c be 11 00 | 12 bc 11 00 00 00 00 00 | )......|........|
|00001d40| 08 20 20 28 12 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 6d 61 79 |. (....|.....may|
|00001d50| 18 bf 11 00 18 bf 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 50 00 00 |........|.....P..|
|00001d60| a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 | b5 9e ec ff 75 ab ec ff |.$..@...|....u...|
|00001d70| 00 00 00 00 0d 08 63 6f | 18 c0 11 00 00 00 00 00 |......co|........|
|00001d80| 00 24 00 00 05 80 00 00 | 00 08 b7 07 e5 45 ec ff |.$......|.....E..|
|00001d90| c5 74 ec ff 20 22 00 00 | 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 |.t.. "..|the inte|
|00001da0| 67 65 72 20 6f 70 65 72 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 70 72 |ger oper|ation pr|
|00001db0| 6f 76 69 64 65 73 20 61 | 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 20 |ovides a| scalar |
|00001dc0| 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |context |for the |
|00001dd0| 3c 53 54 44 49 4e 3e 20 | 6f 70 65 72 61 74 6f 72 |<STDIN> |operator|
|00001de0| 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 20 | 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 73 |, which |responds|
|00001df0| 20 62 79 20 72 65 61 64 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 6e 65 20 | by read|ing one |
|00001e00| 00 80 00 00 05 88 00 00 | 00 bc cf 07 be 0d ec ff |........|........|
|00001e10| 9e 3c ec ff 20 22 00 00 | 6c 69 6e 65 20 66 72 6f |.<.. "..|line fro|
|00001e20| 6d 20 53 54 44 49 4e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 70 61 73 73 |m STDIN |and pass|
|00001e30| 69 6e 67 20 69 74 20 62 | 61 63 6b 20 74 6f 20 74 |ing it b|ack to t|
|00001e40| 68 65 20 69 6e 74 65 67 | 65 72 20 6f 70 65 72 61 |he integ|er opera|
|00001e50| 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 77 69 6c 6c |tion, wh|ich will|
|00001e60| 20 74 68 65 6e 20 66 69 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 69 | then fi|nd the i|
|00001e70| 6e 74 65 67 65 72 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 |nteger v|alue of |
|00001e80| 74 68 61 74 20 00 00 00 | 00 88 00 00 a5 70 00 00 |that ...|.....p..|
|00001e90| 40 f0 ab 03 97 d5 eb ff | 77 04 ec ff 20 22 00 00 |@.......|w... "..|
|00001ea0| 6c 69 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 |line and| return |
|00001eb0| 74 68 61 74 2e 20 20 49 | 66 2c 20 6f 6e 20 74 68 |that. I|f, on th|
|00001ec0| 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 68 61 6e 64 2c 20 79 6f |e other |hand, yo|
|00001ed0| 75 20 73 61 79 0d 07 76 | 12 c1 11 00 12 c1 11 00 |u say..v|........|
|00001ee0| 00 00 00 00 07 20 6f 66 | 0c c2 11 00 12 c1 11 00 |..... of|........|
|00001ef0| 0c c2 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 70 00 00 a5 54 00 00 |........|.p...T..|
|00001f00| 40 90 5f 01 90 6e eb ff | a0 95 eb ff 70 1a 00 00 |@._..n..|....p...|
|00001f10| 73 6f 72 74 28 20 3c 53 | 54 44 49 4e 3e 20 29 0d |sort( <S|TDIN> ).|
|00001f20| 08 2c 20 6f 0c c3 11 00 | 12 c1 11 00 00 00 00 00 |., o....|........|
|00001f30| 08 73 65 2e 12 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 20 61 20 |.se.....|..... a |
|00001f40| 18 c4 11 00 18 c4 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 54 00 00 |........|.....T..|
|00001f50| a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 | 00 5a eb ff c0 66 eb ff |.$..@...|.Z...f..|
|00001f60| 00 00 00 00 0d 08 65 20 | 18 c5 11 00 00 00 00 00 |......e |........|
|00001f70| 00 24 00 00 05 88 00 00 | 00 0c e0 07 30 01 eb ff |.$......|....0...|
|00001f80| 10 30 eb ff 20 22 00 00 | 74 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 |.0.. "..|then the|
|00001f90| 20 73 6f 72 74 20 6f 70 | 65 72 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | sort op|eration |
|00001fa0| 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 73 | 20 61 20 6c 69 73 74 20 |provides| a list |
|00001fb0| 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 20 | 66 6f 72 20 3c 53 54 44 |context |for <STD|
|00001fc0| 49 4e 3e 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |IN>, whi|ch will |
|00001fd0| 70 72 6f 63 65 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 72 65 61 64 20 |proceed |to read |
|00001fe0| 65 76 65 72 79 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 20 61 76 61 69 6c |every li|ne avail|
|00001ff0| 61 62 6c 65 20 00 00 00 | 00 88 00 00 05 8c 00 00 |able ...|........|
|00002000| 00 88 c1 07 09 c9 ea ff | e9 f7 ea ff 20 22 00 00 |........|.... "..|
|00002010| 75 70 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 65 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 |up to th|e end of|
|00002020| 20 66 69 6c 65 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 70 61 73 73 20 | file, a|nd pass |
|00002030| 74 68 61 74 20 6c 69 73 | 74 20 6f 66 20 6c 69 6e |that lis|t of lin|
|00002040| 65 73 20 62 61 63 6b 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 73 |es back |to the s|
|00002050| 6f 72 74 20 72 6f 75 74 | 69 6e 65 2c 20 77 68 69 |ort rout|ine, whi|
|00002060| 63 68 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 65 6e 20 73 6f 72 |ch will |then sor|
|00002070| 74 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 | 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 61 6e |t those |lines an|
|00002080| 64 20 00 00 00 8c 00 00 | 25 58 00 00 40 4c 5e 04 |d ......|%X..@L^.|
|00002090| e2 90 ea ff c2 bf ea ff | 20 22 00 00 72 65 74 75 |........| "..retu|
|000020a0| 72 6e 20 74 68 65 6d 20 | 61 73 20 61 20 6c 69 73 |rn them |as a lis|
|000020b0| 74 20 74 6f 20 77 68 61 | 74 65 76 65 72 20 74 68 |t to wha|tever th|
|000020c0| 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 | 74 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |e contex|t of the|
|000020d0| 20 73 6f 72 74 20 77 61 | 73 2e 0d 00 00 58 00 00 | sort wa|s....X..|
|000020e0| 05 84 00 00 00 94 58 07 | 0b 22 ea ff eb 50 ea ff |......X.|."...P..|
|000020f0| 20 22 00 00 41 73 73 69 | 67 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 | "..Assi|gnment i|
|00002100| 73 20 61 20 6c 69 74 74 | 6c 65 20 62 69 74 20 73 |s a litt|le bit s|
|00002110| 70 65 63 69 61 6c 20 69 | 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 |pecial i|n that i|
|00002120| 74 20 75 73 65 73 20 69 | 74 73 20 6c 65 66 74 20 |t uses i|ts left |
|00002130| 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 74 6f 20 64 65 74 65 |argument| to dete|
|00002140| 72 6d 69 6e 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 |rmine th|e contex|
|00002150| 74 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 69 67 68 74 20 |t for th|e right |
|00002160| 00 84 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 24 b6 07 e4 e9 e9 ff |........|.$......|
|00002170| c4 18 ea ff 20 22 00 00 | 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 |.... "..|argument|
|00002180| 2e 20 20 41 73 73 69 67 | 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 6f |. Assig|nment to|
|00002190| 20 61 20 73 63 61 6c 61 | 72 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 | a scala|r evalua|
|000021a0| 74 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 | 72 69 67 68 74 68 61 6e |tes the |righthan|
|000021b0| 64 20 73 69 64 65 20 69 | 6e 20 61 20 73 63 61 6c |d side i|n a scal|
|000021c0| 61 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 | 78 74 2c 20 77 68 69 6c |ar conte|xt, whil|
|000021d0| 65 20 61 73 73 69 67 6e | 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 |e assign|ment to |
|000021e0| 61 6e 20 00 00 84 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 a0 8e 07 |an .....|........|
|000021f0| bd b1 e9 ff 9d e0 e9 ff | 20 22 00 00 61 72 72 61 |........| "..arra|
|00002200| 79 20 6f 72 20 61 72 72 | 61 79 20 73 6c 69 63 65 |y or arr|ay slice|
|00002210| 20 65 76 61 6c 75 61 74 | 65 73 20 74 68 65 20 72 | evaluat|es the r|
|00002220| 69 67 68 74 68 61 6e 64 | 20 73 69 64 65 20 69 6e |ighthand| side in|
|00002230| 20 61 20 6c 69 73 74 20 | 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 74 2e | a list |context.|
|00002240| 20 20 41 73 73 69 67 6e | 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 | Assign|ment to |
|00002250| 61 20 6c 69 73 74 20 61 | 6c 73 6f 20 65 76 61 6c |a list a|lso eval|
|00002260| 75 61 74 65 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 |uates th|e ......|
|00002270| 25 3c 00 00 40 1c 42 02 | 96 79 e9 ff 76 a8 e9 ff |%<..@.B.|.y..v...|
|00002280| 20 22 00 00 72 69 67 68 | 74 68 61 6e 64 20 73 69 | "..righ|thand si|
|00002290| 64 65 20 69 6e 20 61 20 | 6c 69 73 74 20 63 6f 6e |de in a |list con|
|000022a0| 74 65 78 74 2e 0d 00 00 | 00 3c 00 00 05 84 00 00 |text....|.<......|
|000022b0| 00 30 a7 07 bf 0a e9 ff | 9f 39 e9 ff 20 22 00 00 |.0......|.9.. "..|
|000022c0| 55 73 65 72 20 64 65 66 | 69 6e 65 64 20 73 75 62 |User def|ined sub|
|000022d0| 72 6f 75 74 69 6e 65 73 | 20 6d 61 79 20 63 68 6f |routines| may cho|
|000022e0| 6f 73 65 20 74 6f 20 63 | 61 72 65 20 77 68 65 74 |ose to c|are whet|
|000022f0| 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 61 72 65 20 62 65 69 |her they| are bei|
|00002300| 6e 67 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 73 |ng calle|d in a s|
|00002310| 63 61 6c 61 72 20 6f 72 | 20 6c 69 73 74 20 63 6f |calar or| list co|
|00002320| 6e 74 65 78 74 2c 20 62 | 75 74 20 00 00 84 00 00 |ntext, b|ut .....|
|00002330| 05 84 00 00 00 c4 79 07 | 98 d2 e8 ff 78 01 e9 ff |......y.|....x...|
|00002340| 20 22 00 00 6d 6f 73 74 | 20 73 75 62 72 6f 75 74 | "..most| subrout|
|00002350| 69 6e 65 73 20 64 6f 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 6e 65 65 64 |ines do |not need|
|00002360| 20 74 6f 20 63 61 72 65 | 2c 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 | to care|, becaus|
|00002370| 65 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 | 73 20 61 72 65 20 61 75 |e scalar|s are au|
|00002380| 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 61 | 6c 6c 79 20 69 6e 74 65 |tomatica|lly inte|
|00002390| 72 70 6f 6c 61 74 65 64 | 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 6c 69 |rpolated| into li|
|000023a0| 73 74 73 2e 20 20 53 65 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 00 00 |sts. Se|e the ..|
|000023b0| 00 84 00 00 a5 6c 00 00 | 40 44 19 03 71 9a e8 ff |.....l..|@D..q...|
|000023c0| 51 c9 e8 ff 20 22 00 00 | 22 77 61 6e 74 61 72 72 |Q... "..|"wantarr|
|000023d0| 61 79 22 20 65 6e 74 72 | 79 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |ay" entr|y in the|
|000023e0| 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 | 20 07 11 00 10 c6 11 00 | chapter| .......|
|000023f0| 10 c6 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 70 65 72 6c 66 75 6e 63 |........|perlfunc|
|00002400| 08 20 62 65 10 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 2e 0d 07 67 |. be....|.......g|
|00002410| 0a c7 11 00 0a c7 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 6c 00 00 |........|.....l..|
|00002420| a5 30 00 00 40 3c 48 01 | ca 23 e8 ff 7a 5a e8 ff |.0..@<H.|.#..zZ..|
|00002430| 18 2b 00 00 53 63 61 6c | 61 72 20 76 61 6c 75 65 |.+..Scal|ar value|
|00002440| 73 0d 08 6e 0a c8 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 |s..n....|.....0..|
|00002450| 05 88 00 00 00 d0 b2 07 | 95 ce e7 ff 75 fd e7 ff |........|....u...|
|00002460| 20 22 00 00 41 6c 6c 20 | 64 61 74 61 20 69 6e 20 | "..All |data in |
|00002470| 50 65 72 6c 20 69 73 20 | 61 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 |Perl is |a scalar|
|00002480| 20 6f 72 20 61 6e 20 61 | 72 72 61 79 20 6f 66 20 | or an a|rray of |
|00002490| 73 63 61 6c 61 72 73 20 | 6f 72 20 61 20 68 61 73 |scalars |or a has|
|000024a0| 68 20 6f 66 20 73 63 61 | 6c 61 72 73 2e 20 53 63 |h of sca|lars. Sc|
|000024b0| 61 6c 61 72 20 76 61 72 | 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 6d |alar var|iables m|
|000024c0| 61 79 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 | 69 6e 20 76 61 72 69 6f |ay conta|in vario|
|000024d0| 75 73 20 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 84 00 00 00 54 b0 07 |us .....|.....T..|
|000024e0| 6e 96 e7 ff 4e c5 e7 ff | 20 22 00 00 6b 69 6e 64 |n...N...| "..kind|
|000024f0| 73 20 6f 66 20 73 69 6e | 67 75 6c 61 72 20 64 61 |s of sin|gular da|
|00002500| 74 61 2c 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 61 73 20 6e 75 6d 62 |ta, such| as numb|
|00002510| 65 72 73 2c 20 73 74 72 | 69 6e 67 73 2c 20 61 6e |ers, str|ings, an|
|00002520| 64 20 72 65 66 65 72 65 | 6e 63 65 73 2e 20 20 49 |d refere|nces. I|
|00002530| 6e 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 | 6c 2c 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 |n genera|l, conve|
|00002540| 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 66 72 | 6f 6d 20 6f 6e 65 20 66 |rsion fr|om one f|
|00002550| 6f 72 6d 20 74 6f 20 00 | 00 84 00 00 05 88 00 00 |orm to .|........|
|00002560| 00 e0 ea 07 47 5e e7 ff | 27 8d e7 ff 20 22 00 00 |....G^..|'... "..|
|00002570| 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 20 | 69 73 20 74 72 61 6e 73 |another |is trans|
|00002580| 70 61 72 65 6e 74 2e 20 | 20 28 41 20 73 63 61 6c |parent. | (A scal|
|00002590| 61 72 20 6d 61 79 20 6e | 6f 74 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 |ar may n|ot conta|
|000025a0| 69 6e 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 | 70 6c 65 20 76 61 6c 75 |in multi|ple valu|
|000025b0| 65 73 2c 20 62 75 74 20 | 6d 61 79 20 63 6f 6e 74 |es, but |may cont|
|000025c0| 61 69 6e 20 61 20 72 65 | 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 20 |ain a re|ference |
|000025d0| 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 61 72 | 72 61 79 20 6f 72 20 00 |to an ar|ray or .|
|000025e0| 00 88 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 18 da 07 20 26 e7 ff |........|.... &..|
|000025f0| 00 55 e7 ff 20 22 00 00 | 68 61 73 68 20 63 6f 6e |.U.. "..|hash con|
|00002600| 74 61 69 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c 65 |taining |multiple|
|00002610| 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 2e | 29 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 | values.|) Becaus|
|00002620| 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 |e of the| automat|
|00002630| 69 63 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 |ic conve|rsion of|
|00002640| 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 73 | 2c 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 | scalars|, operat|
|00002650| 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |ions, an|d functi|
|00002660| 6f 6e 73 20 00 84 00 00 | 01 10 00 00 00 3c d7 07 |ons ....|.....<..|
|00002670| 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 | 02 14 00 00 00 04 00 00 |........|........|
|00002680| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 14 00 00 05 98 00 00 |........|........|
|00002690| 00 3c d7 07 1e 45 e5 ff | fe 73 e5 ff 20 22 00 00 |.<...E..|.s.. "..|
|000026a0| 16 00 00 00 b0 fc 07 00 | 00 00 00 00 74 68 61 74 |........|....that|
|000026b0| 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 20 | 73 63 61 6c 61 72 73 20 | return |scalars |
|000026c0| 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 6e 65 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 63 61 |don't ne|ed to ca|
|000026d0| 72 65 20 28 61 6e 64 2c | 20 69 6e 20 66 61 63 74 |re (and,| in fact|
|000026e0| 2c 20 63 61 6e 27 74 20 | 63 61 72 65 29 20 77 68 |, can't |care) wh|
|000026f0| 65 74 68 65 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 |ether th|e contex|
|00002700| 74 20 69 73 20 6c 6f 6f | 6b 69 6e 67 20 66 6f 72 |t is loo|king for|
|00002710| 20 61 20 73 74 72 69 6e | 67 20 6f 72 20 61 20 00 | a strin|g or a .|
|00002720| 00 98 00 00 25 20 00 00 | 40 58 98 00 f7 0c e5 ff |....% ..|@X......|
|00002730| d7 3b e5 ff 20 22 00 00 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 2e 0d |.;.. "..|number..|
|00002740| 00 20 00 00 05 88 00 00 | 00 94 a3 07 20 9e e4 ff |. ......|.... ...|
|00002750| 00 cd e4 ff 20 22 00 00 | 53 63 61 6c 61 72 73 20 |.... "..|Scalars |
|00002760| 61 72 65 6e 27 74 20 6e | 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 69 |aren't n|ecessari|
|00002770| 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 20 74 | 68 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 |ly one t|hing or |
|00002780| 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 72 65 27 |another.| There'|
|00002790| 73 20 6e 6f 20 70 6c 61 | 63 65 20 74 6f 20 64 65 |s no pla|ce to de|
|000027a0| 63 6c 61 72 65 20 61 20 | 73 63 61 6c 61 72 20 76 |clare a |scalar v|
|000027b0| 61 72 69 61 62 6c 65 20 | 74 6f 20 62 65 20 6f 66 |ariable |to be of|
|000027c0| 20 74 79 70 65 20 00 00 | 00 88 00 00 05 84 00 00 | type ..|........|
|000027d0| 00 10 94 07 f9 65 e4 ff | d9 94 e4 ff 20 22 00 00 |.....e..|.... "..|
|000027e0| 22 73 74 72 69 6e 67 22 | 2c 20 6f 72 20 6f 66 20 |"string"|, or of |
|000027f0| 74 79 70 65 20 22 6e 75 | 6d 62 65 72 22 2c 20 6f |type "nu|mber", o|
|00002800| 72 20 74 79 70 65 20 22 | 66 69 6c 65 68 61 6e 64 |r type "|filehand|
|00002810| 6c 65 22 2c 20 6f 72 20 | 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e 67 |le", or |anything|
|00002820| 20 65 6c 73 65 2e 20 20 | 50 65 72 6c 20 69 73 20 | else. |Perl is |
|00002830| 61 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 | 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 70 |a contex|tually p|
|00002840| 6f 6c 79 6d 6f 72 70 68 | 69 63 20 00 00 84 00 00 |olymorph|ic .....|
|00002850| 05 84 00 00 00 14 cc 07 | d2 2d e4 ff b2 5c e4 ff |........|.-...\..|
|00002860| 20 22 00 00 6c 61 6e 67 | 75 61 67 65 20 77 68 6f | "..lang|uage who|
|00002870| 73 65 20 73 63 61 6c 61 | 72 73 20 63 61 6e 20 62 |se scala|rs can b|
|00002880| 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 73 2c 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 |e string|s, numbe|
|00002890| 72 73 2c 20 6f 72 20 72 | 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |rs, or r|eference|
|000028a0| 73 20 28 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 |s (which| include|
|000028b0| 73 20 6f 62 6a 65 63 74 | 73 29 2e 20 20 57 68 69 |s object|s). Whi|
|000028c0| 6c 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e | 67 73 20 61 6e 64 20 00 |le strin|gs and .|
|000028d0| 00 84 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 8c b1 07 ab f5 e3 ff |........|........|
|000028e0| 8b 24 e4 ff 20 22 00 00 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 20 |.$.. "..|numbers |
|000028f0| 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 69 64 65 72 65 64 20 70 |are cons|idered p|
|00002900| 72 65 74 74 79 20 6d 75 | 63 68 20 74 68 65 20 73 |retty mu|ch the s|
|00002910| 61 6d 65 20 74 68 69 6e | 67 20 66 6f 72 20 6e 65 |ame thin|g for ne|
|00002920| 61 72 6c 79 20 61 6c 6c | 20 70 75 72 70 6f 73 65 |arly all| purpose|
|00002930| 73 2c 20 72 65 66 65 72 | 65 6e 63 65 73 20 61 72 |s, refer|ences ar|
|00002940| 65 20 73 74 72 6f 6e 67 | 6c 79 2d 74 79 70 65 64 |e strong|ly-typed|
|00002950| 20 00 00 00 00 84 00 00 | 25 68 00 00 40 78 af 05 | .......|%h..@x..|
|00002960| 84 bd e3 ff 64 ec e3 ff | 20 22 00 00 75 6e 63 61 |....d...| "..unca|
|00002970| 73 74 61 62 6c 65 20 70 | 6f 69 6e 74 65 72 73 20 |stable p|ointers |
|00002980| 77 69 74 68 20 62 75 69 | 6c 74 69 6e 20 72 65 66 |with bui|ltin ref|
|00002990| 65 72 65 6e 63 65 2d 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 69 6e 67 20 |erence-c|ounting |
|000029a0| 61 6e 64 20 64 65 73 74 | 72 75 63 74 6f 72 20 69 |and dest|ructor i|
|000029b0| 6e 76 6f 63 61 74 69 6f | 6e 2e 0d 00 00 68 00 00 |nvocatio|n....h..|
|000029c0| 05 88 00 00 00 e0 d2 07 | ad 4e e3 ff 8d 7d e3 ff |........|.N...}..|
|000029d0| 20 22 00 00 41 20 73 63 | 61 6c 61 72 20 76 61 6c | "..A sc|alar val|
|000029e0| 75 65 20 69 73 20 69 6e | 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 |ue is in|terprete|
|000029f0| 64 20 61 73 20 54 52 55 | 45 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |d as TRU|E in the|
|00002a00| 20 42 6f 6f 6c 65 61 6e | 20 73 65 6e 73 65 20 69 | Boolean| sense i|
|00002a10| 66 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 |f it is |not the |
|00002a20| 6e 75 6c 6c 20 73 74 72 | 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 74 |null str|ing or t|
|00002a30| 68 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 | 72 20 30 20 28 6f 72 20 |he numbe|r 0 (or |
|00002a40| 69 74 73 20 00 88 00 00 | 25 70 00 00 40 8c 1c 06 |its ....|%p..@...|
|00002a50| 86 16 e3 ff 66 45 e3 ff | 20 22 00 00 73 74 72 69 |....fE..| "..stri|
|00002a60| 6e 67 20 65 71 75 69 76 | 61 6c 65 6e 74 2c 20 22 |ng equiv|alent, "|
|00002a70| 30 22 29 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 42 6f 6f 6c 65 61 |0"). Th|e Boolea|
|00002a80| 6e 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 | 74 20 69 73 20 6a 75 73 |n contex|t is jus|
|00002a90| 74 20 61 20 73 70 65 63 | 69 61 6c 20 6b 69 6e 64 |t a spec|ial kind|
|00002aa0| 20 6f 66 20 73 63 61 6c | 61 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 | of scal|ar conte|
|00002ab0| 78 74 2e 0d 00 70 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 58 d3 07 |xt...p..|.....X..|
|00002ac0| af a7 e2 ff 8f d6 e2 ff | 20 22 00 00 54 68 65 72 |........| "..Ther|
|00002ad0| 65 20 61 72 65 20 61 63 | 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 74 |e are ac|tually t|
|00002ae0| 77 6f 20 76 61 72 69 65 | 74 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 |wo varie|ties of |
|00002af0| 6e 75 6c 6c 20 73 63 61 | 6c 61 72 73 3a 20 64 65 |null sca|lars: de|
|00002b00| 66 69 6e 65 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 75 6e 64 65 66 69 |fined an|d undefi|
|00002b10| 6e 65 64 2e 20 20 55 6e | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 |ned. Un|defined |
|00002b20| 6e 75 6c 6c 20 73 63 61 | 6c 61 72 73 20 61 72 65 |null sca|lars are|
|00002b30| 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 | 64 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 | returne|d ......|
|00002b40| 05 84 00 00 00 ac af 07 | 88 6f e2 ff 68 9e e2 ff |........|.o..h...|
|00002b50| 20 22 00 00 77 68 65 6e | 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 69 | "..when| there i|
|00002b60| 73 20 6e 6f 20 72 65 61 | 6c 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 |s no rea|l value |
|00002b70| 66 6f 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 | 74 68 69 6e 67 2c 20 73 |for some|thing, s|
|00002b80| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 77 | 68 65 6e 20 74 68 65 72 |uch as w|hen ther|
|00002b90| 65 20 77 61 73 20 61 6e | 20 65 72 72 6f 72 2c 20 |e was an| error, |
|00002ba0| 6f 72 20 61 74 20 65 6e | 64 20 6f 66 20 66 69 6c |or at en|d of fil|
|00002bb0| 65 2c 20 6f 72 20 77 68 | 65 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 00 |e, or wh|en you .|
|00002bc0| 00 84 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 f0 c5 07 61 37 e2 ff |........|....a7..|
|00002bd0| 41 66 e2 ff 20 22 00 00 | 72 65 66 65 72 20 74 6f |Af.. "..|refer to|
|00002be0| 20 61 6e 20 75 6e 69 6e | 69 74 69 61 6c 69 7a 65 | an unin|itialize|
|00002bf0| 64 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 | 6c 65 20 6f 72 20 65 6c |d variab|le or el|
|00002c00| 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 | 20 61 6e 20 61 72 72 61 |ement of| an arra|
|00002c10| 79 2e 20 20 41 6e 20 75 | 6e 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 |y. An u|ndefined|
|00002c20| 20 6e 75 6c 6c 20 73 63 | 61 6c 61 72 20 6d 61 79 | null sc|alar may|
|00002c30| 20 62 65 63 6f 6d 65 20 | 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 20 | become |defined |
|00002c40| 74 68 65 20 00 84 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 cc ad 07 |the ....|........|
|00002c50| 3a ff e1 ff 1a 2e e2 ff | 20 22 00 00 66 69 72 73 |:.......| "..firs|
|00002c60| 74 20 74 69 6d 65 20 79 | 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 69 |t time y|ou use i|
|00002c70| 74 20 61 73 20 69 66 20 | 69 74 20 77 65 72 65 20 |t as if |it were |
|00002c80| 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 2c | 20 62 75 74 20 70 72 69 |defined,| but pri|
|00002c90| 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 79 6f 75 20 63 |or to th|at you c|
|00002ca0| 61 6e 20 75 73 65 20 74 | 68 65 20 64 65 66 69 6e |an use t|he defin|
|00002cb0| 65 64 28 29 20 6f 70 65 | 72 61 74 6f 72 20 74 6f |ed() ope|rator to|
|00002cc0| 20 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 | 6e 65 20 00 00 88 00 00 | determi|ne .....|
|00002cd0| a5 4c 00 00 40 a0 96 02 | 13 c7 e1 ff f3 f5 e1 ff |.L..@...|........|
|00002ce0| 20 22 00 00 77 68 65 74 | 68 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 | "..whet|her the |
|00002cf0| 76 61 6c 75 65 20 69 73 | 20 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 |value is| defined|
|00002d00| 20 6f 72 20 6e 6f 74 2e | 0d 07 6c 75 14 c9 11 00 | or not.|..lu....|
|00002d10| 14 c9 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 4c 00 00 05 84 00 00 |........|.L......|
|00002d20| 00 68 75 07 3c 58 e1 ff | 1c 87 e1 ff 20 22 00 00 |.hu.<X..|.... "..|
|00002d30| 54 6f 20 66 69 6e 64 20 | 6f 75 74 20 77 68 65 74 |To find |out whet|
|00002d40| 68 65 72 20 61 20 67 69 | 76 65 6e 20 73 74 72 69 |her a gi|ven stri|
|00002d50| 6e 67 20 69 73 20 61 20 | 76 61 6c 69 64 20 6e 6f |ng is a |valid no|
|00002d60| 6e 7a 65 72 6f 20 6e 75 | 6d 62 65 72 2c 20 69 74 |nzero nu|mber, it|
|00002d70| 27 73 20 75 73 75 61 6c | 6c 79 20 65 6e 6f 75 67 |'s usual|ly enoug|
|00002d80| 68 20 74 6f 20 74 65 73 | 74 20 69 74 20 61 67 61 |h to tes|t it aga|
|00002d90| 69 6e 73 74 20 62 6f 74 | 68 20 00 00 00 84 00 00 |inst bot|h ......|
|00002da0| 85 a4 00 00 00 20 5a 07 | 15 20 e1 ff f5 4e e1 ff |..... Z.|. ...N..|
|00002db0| 20 22 00 00 6e 75 6d 65 | 72 69 63 20 30 20 61 6e | "..nume|ric 0 an|
|00002dc0| 64 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 6c | 65 78 69 63 61 6c 20 22 |d also l|exical "|
|00002dd0| 30 22 20 28 61 6c 74 68 | 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 69 |0" (alth|ough thi|
|00002de0| 73 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 63 | 61 75 73 65 20 07 67 65 |s will c|ause .ge|
|00002df0| 10 ca 11 00 14 c9 11 00 | 10 ca 11 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002e00| 2d 77 08 07 10 00 00 00 | 14 c9 11 00 00 00 00 00 |-w......|........|
|00002e10| 20 6e 6f 69 73 65 73 29 | 2e 20 20 54 68 61 74 27 | noises)|. That'|
|00002e20| 73 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 | 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 |s becaus|e string|
|00002e30| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 61 | 72 65 6e 27 74 20 00 00 |s that a|ren't ..|
|00002e40| 00 a4 00 00 a5 90 00 00 | 40 7c 2c 03 ee e7 e0 ff |........|@|,.....|
|00002e50| ce 16 e1 ff 20 22 00 00 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 73 20 |.... "..|numbers |
|00002e60| 63 6f 75 6e 74 20 61 73 | 20 30 2c 20 6a 75 73 74 |count as| 0, just|
|00002e70| 20 61 73 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 64 6f 20 69 6e 20 07 | as they| do in .|
|00002e80| 10 cb 11 00 14 c9 11 00 | 10 cb 11 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002e90| 61 77 6b 08 10 00 00 00 | 14 c9 11 00 00 00 00 00 |awk.....|........|
|00002ea0| 3a 0d 08 20 14 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 20 77 6f |:.. ....|..... wo|
|00002eb0| 12 cc 11 00 12 cc 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 05 05 05 |........|........|
|00002ec0| 0c cd 11 00 12 cc 11 00 | 0c cd 11 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002ed0| 00 90 00 00 25 3c 00 00 | 40 00 ee 02 e7 80 e0 ff |....%<..|@.......|
|00002ee0| f7 a7 e0 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 69 66 20 28 24 73 74 72 |....p...|if ($str|
|00002ef0| 20 3d 3d 20 30 20 26 26 | 20 24 73 74 72 20 6e 65 | == 0 &&| $str ne|
|00002f00| 20 22 30 22 29 20 20 7b | 0d 00 00 00 00 3c 00 00 | "0") {|.....<..|
|00002f10| 25 44 00 00 40 d0 ef 03 | 07 52 e0 ff 17 79 e0 ff |%D..@...|.R...y..|
|00002f20| 70 1a 00 00 20 20 20 20 | 77 61 72 6e 20 22 54 68 |p... |warn "Th|
|00002f30| 61 74 20 64 6f 65 73 6e | 27 74 20 6c 6f 6f 6b 20 |at doesn|'t look |
|00002f40| 6c 69 6b 65 20 61 20 6e | 75 6d 62 65 72 22 3b 0d |like a n|umber";.|
|00002f50| 00 44 00 00 a5 44 00 00 | 40 70 17 00 27 23 e0 ff |.D...D..|@p..'#..|
|00002f60| 37 4a e0 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 7d 0d 08 00 0c ce 11 00 |7J..p...|}.......|
|00002f70| 12 cc 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 08 00 00 00 12 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00002f80| 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 | 18 cf 11 00 18 cf 11 00 |........|........|
|00002f90| 00 00 00 00 00 44 00 00 | a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 |.....D..|.$..@...|
|00002fa0| 97 0e e0 ff 57 1b e0 ff | 00 00 00 00 0d 08 65 20 |....W...|......e |
|00002fb0| 18 d0 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 24 00 00 85 b0 00 00 |........|.$......|
|00002fc0| 00 e8 4c 07 c7 b5 df ff | a7 e4 df ff 20 22 00 00 |..L.....|.... "..|
|00002fd0| 54 68 61 74 27 73 20 75 | 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 70 |That's u|sually p|
|00002fe0| 72 65 66 65 72 61 62 6c | 65 20 62 65 63 61 75 73 |referabl|e becaus|
|00002ff0| 65 20 6f 74 68 65 72 77 | 69 73 65 20 79 6f 75 20 |e otherw|ise you |
|00003000| 77 6f 6e 27 74 20 74 72 | 65 61 74 20 49 45 45 45 |won't tr|eat IEEE|
|00003010| 20 6e 6f 74 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 | notatio|ns like |
|00003020| 07 63 6f 75 0e d1 11 00 | 0e d1 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.cou....|........|
|00003030| 4e 61 4e 08 0e d2 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 6f 72 20 |NaN.....|.... or |
|00003040| 07 fb 11 00 0e d3 11 00 | 0e d3 11 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00003050| 49 6e 66 69 6e 69 74 79 | 08 05 05 05 0e d4 11 00 |Infinity|........|
|00003060| 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 | 00 b0 00 00 05 88 00 00 |.... ...|........|
|00003070| 00 d0 eb 07 a0 7d df ff | 80 ac df ff 20 22 00 00 |.....}..|.... "..|
|00003080| 70 72 6f 70 65 72 6c 79 | 2e 20 20 41 74 20 6f 74 |properly|. At ot|
|00003090| 68 65 72 20 74 69 6d 65 | 73 20 79 6f 75 20 6d 69 |her time|s you mi|
|000030a0| 67 68 74 20 70 72 65 66 | 65 72 20 74 6f 20 75 73 |ght pref|er to us|
|000030b0| 65 20 61 20 72 65 67 75 | 6c 61 72 20 65 78 70 72 |e a regu|lar expr|
|000030c0| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 | 6f 20 63 68 65 63 6b 20 |ession t|o check |
|000030d0| 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 | 64 61 74 61 20 69 73 20 |whether |data is |
|000030e0| 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 2e | 20 20 53 65 65 20 00 00 |numeric.| See ..|
|000030f0| 00 88 00 00 a5 8c 00 00 | 40 e0 d9 03 79 45 df ff |........|@...yE..|
|00003100| 59 74 df ff 20 22 00 00 | 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 70 |Yt.. "..|the chap|
|00003110| 74 65 72 20 07 61 69 72 | 10 d5 11 00 10 d5 11 00 |ter .air|........|
|00003120| 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c | 72 65 08 65 10 00 00 00 |....perl|re.e....|
|00003130| 00 00 00 00 20 66 6f 72 | 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c 73 |.... for| details|
|00003140| 20 6f 6e 20 72 65 67 75 | 6c 61 72 20 65 78 70 72 | on regu|lar expr|
|00003150| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e | 0d 07 20 62 12 d6 11 00 |essions.|.. b....|
|00003160| 12 d6 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 65 20 6e 0c d7 11 00 |........|.e n....|
|00003170| 12 d6 11 00 0c d7 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 8c 00 00 |........|........|
|00003180| 25 44 00 00 40 80 a9 03 | 72 de de ff 82 05 df ff |%D..@...|r.......|
|00003190| 70 1a 00 00 77 61 72 6e | 20 22 68 61 73 20 6e 6f |p...warn| "has no|
|000031a0| 6e 64 69 67 69 74 73 22 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |ndigits"| |
|000031b0| 69 66 20 20 20 20 20 2f | 5c 44 2f 3b 0d 00 00 00 |if /|\D/;....|
|000031c0| 00 44 00 00 25 44 00 00 | 40 d0 ef 03 92 af de ff |.D..%D..|@.......|
|000031d0| a2 d6 de ff 70 1a 00 00 | 77 61 72 6e 20 22 6e 6f |....p...|warn "no|
|000031e0| 74 20 61 20 77 68 6f 6c | 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 |t a whol|e number|
|000031f0| 22 20 20 20 75 6e 6c 65 | 73 73 20 2f 5e 5c 64 2b |" unle|ss /^\d+|
|00003200| 24 2f 3b 0d 00 44 00 00 | 25 48 00 00 40 90 4d 04 |$/;..D..|%H..@.M.|
|00003210| b2 80 de ff c2 a7 de ff | 70 1a 00 00 77 61 72 6e |........|p...warn|
|00003220| 20 22 6e 6f 74 20 61 6e | 20 69 6e 74 65 67 65 72 | "not an| integer|
|00003230| 22 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 2f |" |unless /|
|00003240| 5e 5b 2b 2d 5d 3f 5c 64 | 2b 24 2f 0d 00 48 00 00 |^[+-]?\d|+$/..H..|
|00003250| 25 50 00 00 40 30 da 04 | d2 51 de ff e2 78 de ff |%P..@0..|.Q...x..|
|00003260| 70 1a 00 00 77 61 72 6e | 20 22 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 |p...warn| "not a |
|00003270| 64 65 63 69 6d 61 6c 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 22 20 |decimal |number" |
|00003280| 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 2f | 5e 5b 2b 2d 5d 3f 5c 64 |unless /|^[+-]?\d|
|00003290| 2b 5c 2e 3f 5c 64 2a 24 | 2f 0d 00 00 00 50 00 00 |+\.?\d*$|/....P..|
|000032a0| 25 30 00 00 40 c0 d4 01 | f2 22 de ff 02 4a de ff |%0..@...|."...J..|
|000032b0| 70 1a 00 00 77 61 72 6e | 20 22 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 |p...warn| "not a |
|000032c0| 43 20 66 6c 6f 61 74 22 | 0d 00 00 00 00 30 00 00 |C float"|.....0..|
|000032d0| a5 80 00 00 40 20 ad 05 | 12 f4 dd ff 22 1b de ff |....@ ..|...."...|
|000032e0| 70 1a 00 00 20 20 20 20 | 75 6e 6c 65 73 73 20 2f |p... |unless /|
|000032f0| 5e 28 5b 2b 2d 5d 3f 29 | 28 3f 3d 5c 64 7c 5c 2e |^([+-]?)|(?=\d|\.|
|00003300| 5c 64 29 5c 64 2a 28 5c | 2e 5c 64 2a 29 3f 28 5b |\d)\d*(\|.\d*)?([|
|00003310| 45 65 5d 28 5b 2b 2d 5d | 3f 5c 64 2b 29 29 3f 24 |Ee]([+-]|?\d+))?$|
|00003320| 2f 3b 0d 08 0c d8 11 00 | 12 d6 11 00 00 00 00 00 |/;......|........|
|00003330| 08 6c 75 65 12 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 74 6f 72 |.lue....|.....tor|
|00003340| 18 d9 11 00 18 d9 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 80 00 00 |........|........|
|00003350| a5 34 00 00 40 00 00 00 | 82 df dd ff 42 ec dd ff |.4..@...|....B...|
|00003360| 00 00 00 00 0d 08 74 65 | 18 da 11 00 00 00 00 00 |......te|........|
|00003370| 07 73 70 65 14 db 11 00 | 14 db 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.spe....|........|
|00003380| 00 34 00 00 85 a8 00 00 | 00 7c e5 07 b2 86 dd ff |.4......|.|......|
|00003390| 92 b5 dd ff 20 22 00 00 | 54 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 |.... "..|The leng|
|000033a0| 74 68 20 6f 66 20 61 6e | 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 69 |th of an| array i|
|000033b0| 73 20 61 20 73 63 61 6c | 61 72 20 76 61 6c 75 65 |s a scal|ar value|
|000033c0| 2e 20 20 59 6f 75 20 6d | 61 79 20 66 69 6e 64 20 |. You m|ay find |
|000033d0| 74 68 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 | 74 68 20 6f 66 20 61 72 |the leng|th of ar|
|000033e0| 72 61 79 20 40 64 61 79 | 73 20 62 79 20 65 76 61 |ray @day|s by eva|
|000033f0| 6c 75 61 74 69 6e 67 20 | 07 30 0d 30 0e dc 11 00 |luating |.0.0....|
|00003400| 14 db 11 00 0e dc 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 23 64 61 |........|....$#da|
|00003410| 79 73 08 78 0e dd 11 00 | 14 db 11 00 00 00 00 00 |ys.x....|........|
|00003420| 2c 20 61 73 20 00 00 00 | 00 a8 00 00 85 a8 00 00 |, as ...|........|
|00003430| 00 f4 67 07 8b 4e dd ff | 6b 7d dd ff 20 22 00 00 |..g..N..|k}.. "..|
|00003440| 69 6e 20 07 10 de 11 00 | 14 db 11 00 10 de 11 00 |in .....|........|
|00003450| 00 00 00 00 63 73 68 08 | 10 00 00 00 14 db 11 00 |....csh.|........|
|00003460| 00 00 00 00 2e 20 20 28 | 41 63 74 75 61 6c 6c 79 |..... (|Actually|
|00003470| 2c 20 69 74 27 73 20 6e | 6f 74 20 74 68 65 20 6c |, it's n|ot the l|
|00003480| 65 6e 67 74 68 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 61 72 72 |ength of| the arr|
|00003490| 61 79 2c 20 69 74 27 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 75 62 |ay, it's| the sub|
|000034a0| 73 63 72 69 70 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c 61 |script o|f the la|
|000034b0| 73 74 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 | 6e 74 2c 20 62 65 63 61 |st eleme|nt, beca|
|000034c0| 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 69 73 20 00 00 00 |use ther|e is ...|
|000034d0| 00 a8 00 00 85 a4 00 00 | 00 20 cc 07 64 16 dd ff |........|. ..d...|
|000034e0| 44 45 dd ff 20 22 00 00 | 28 6f 72 64 69 6e 61 72 |DE.. "..|(ordinar|
|000034f0| 69 6c 79 29 20 61 20 30 | 74 68 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 |ily) a 0|th eleme|
|00003500| 6e 74 2e 29 20 20 41 73 | 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 |nt.) As|signing |
|00003510| 74 6f 20 07 0e df 11 00 | 14 db 11 00 0e df 11 00 |to .....|........|
|00003520| 00 00 00 00 24 23 64 61 | 79 73 08 63 0e e0 11 00 |....$#da|ys.c....|
|00003530| 14 db 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 73 |........| changes|
|00003540| 20 74 68 65 20 6c 65 6e | 67 74 68 20 6f 66 20 74 | the len|gth of t|
|00003550| 68 65 20 61 72 72 61 79 | 2e 20 20 53 68 6f 72 74 |he array|. Short|
|00003560| 65 6e 69 6e 67 20 61 6e | 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 62 |ening an| array b|
|00003570| 79 20 00 00 00 a4 00 00 | 85 a4 00 00 00 e8 e5 07 |y ......|........|
|00003580| 3d de dc ff 1d 0d dd ff | 20 22 00 00 74 68 69 73 |=.......| "..this|
|00003590| 20 6d 65 74 68 6f 64 20 | 64 65 73 74 72 6f 79 73 | method |destroys|
|000035a0| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 76 65 | 6e 69 6e 67 20 76 61 6c | interve|ning val|
|000035b0| 75 65 73 2e 20 20 4c 65 | 6e 67 74 68 65 6e 69 6e |ues. Le|ngthenin|
|000035c0| 67 20 61 6e 20 61 72 72 | 61 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 |g an arr|ay that |
|000035d0| 77 61 73 20 70 72 65 76 | 69 6f 75 73 6c 79 20 73 |was prev|iously s|
|000035e0| 68 6f 72 74 65 6e 65 64 | 20 07 61 6b 11 e1 11 00 |hortened| .ak....|
|000035f0| 14 db 11 00 11 e1 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 4e 4f 20 4c |........|....NO L|
|00003600| 4f 4e 47 45 52 08 6c 69 | 11 00 00 00 14 db 11 00 |ONGER.li|........|
|00003610| 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 | 00 a4 00 00 05 88 00 00 |.... ...|........|
|00003620| 00 f4 d0 07 16 a6 dc ff | f6 d4 dc ff 20 22 00 00 |........|.... "..|
|00003630| 72 65 63 6f 76 65 72 73 | 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c |recovers| the val|
|00003640| 75 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 69 6e |ues that| were in|
|00003650| 20 74 68 6f 73 65 20 65 | 6c 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 2e | those e|lements.|
|00003660| 20 20 28 49 74 20 75 73 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 6e | (It us|ed to in|
|00003670| 20 50 65 72 6c 20 34 2c | 20 62 75 74 20 77 65 20 | Perl 4,| but we |
|00003680| 68 61 64 20 74 6f 20 62 | 72 65 61 6b 20 74 68 69 |had to b|reak thi|
|00003690| 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 6b | 65 20 73 75 72 65 20 00 |s to mak|e sure .|
|000036a0| 00 88 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 78 e3 07 ef 6d dc ff |........|.x...m..|
|000036b0| cf 9c dc ff 20 22 00 00 | 64 65 73 74 72 75 63 74 |.... "..|destruct|
|000036c0| 6f 72 73 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 63 61 6c 6c 65 64 20 |ors were| called |
|000036d0| 77 68 65 6e 20 65 78 70 | 65 63 74 65 64 2e 29 20 |when exp|ected.) |
|000036e0| 20 59 6f 75 20 63 61 6e | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 67 61 | You can| also ga|
|000036f0| 69 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 6d 65 61 73 75 72 65 20 |in some |measure |
|00003700| 6f 66 20 65 66 66 69 63 | 69 65 6e 63 79 20 62 79 |of effic|iency by|
|00003710| 20 70 72 65 2d 65 78 74 | 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 61 | pre-ext|ending a|
|00003720| 6e 20 00 00 00 84 00 00 | 05 8c 00 00 00 7c e5 07 |n ......|.....|..|
|00003730| c8 35 dc ff a8 64 dc ff | 20 22 00 00 61 72 72 61 |.5...d..| "..arra|
|00003740| 79 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 67 6f 69 6e 67 20 |y that i|s going |
|00003750| 74 6f 20 67 65 74 20 62 | 69 67 2e 20 20 28 59 6f |to get b|ig. (Yo|
|00003760| 75 20 63 61 6e 20 61 6c | 73 6f 20 65 78 74 65 6e |u can al|so exten|
|00003770| 64 20 61 6e 20 61 72 72 | 61 79 20 62 79 20 61 73 |d an arr|ay by as|
|00003780| 73 69 67 6e 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 61 6e 20 65 6c |signing |to an el|
|00003790| 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 73 20 6f 66 |ement th|at is of|
|000037a0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 65 6e | 64 20 6f 66 20 00 00 00 |f the en|d of ...|
|000037b0| 00 8c 00 00 05 88 00 00 | 00 40 af 07 a1 fd db ff |........|.@......|
|000037c0| 81 2c dc ff 20 22 00 00 | 74 68 65 20 61 72 72 61 |.,.. "..|the arra|
|000037d0| 79 2e 29 20 59 6f 75 20 | 63 61 6e 20 74 72 75 6e |y.) You |can trun|
|000037e0| 63 61 74 65 20 61 6e 20 | 61 72 72 61 79 20 64 6f |cate an |array do|
|000037f0| 77 6e 20 74 6f 20 6e 6f | 74 68 69 6e 67 20 62 79 |wn to no|thing by|
|00003800| 20 61 73 73 69 67 6e 69 | 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 6e | assigni|ng the n|
|00003810| 75 6c 6c 20 6c 69 73 74 | 20 28 29 20 74 6f 20 69 |ull list| () to i|
|00003820| 74 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e |t. The |followin|
|00003830| 67 20 61 72 65 20 00 00 | 00 88 00 00 a5 54 00 00 |g are ..|.....T..|
|00003840| 40 50 d0 00 7a c5 db ff | 5a f4 db ff 20 22 00 00 |@P..z...|Z... "..|
|00003850| 65 71 75 69 76 61 6c 65 | 6e 74 3a 0d 08 74 20 6c |equivale|nt:..t l|
|00003860| 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 74 68 65 12 e2 11 00 |........|.the....|
|00003870| 12 e2 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 73 20 69 0c e3 11 00 |........|.s i....|
|00003880| 12 e2 11 00 0c e3 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 54 00 00 |........|.....T..|
|00003890| 25 28 00 00 40 90 5f 01 | 73 5e db ff 83 85 db ff |%(..@._.|s^......|
|000038a0| 70 1a 00 00 40 77 68 61 | 74 65 76 65 72 20 3d 20 |p...@wha|tever = |
|000038b0| 28 29 3b 0d 00 28 00 00 | a5 58 00 00 40 c0 d4 01 |();..(..|.X..@...|
|000038c0| 93 2f db ff a3 56 db ff | 70 1a 00 00 24 23 77 68 |./...V..|p...$#wh|
|000038d0| 61 74 65 76 65 72 20 3d | 20 24 5b 20 2d 20 31 3b |atever =| $[ - 1;|
|000038e0| 0d 08 20 6c 0c e4 11 00 | 12 e2 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.. l....|........|
|000038f0| 08 67 20 74 12 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 63 68 61 |.g t....|.....cha|
|00003900| 18 e5 11 00 18 e5 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 58 00 00 |........|.....X..|
|00003910| a5 34 00 00 40 00 00 00 | 03 1b db ff c3 27 db ff |.4..@...|.....'..|
|00003920| 00 00 00 00 0d 08 6e 20 | 18 e6 11 00 00 00 00 00 |......n |........|
|00003930| 07 74 2e 20 14 e7 11 00 | 14 e7 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.t. ....|........|
|00003940| 00 34 00 00 05 8c 00 00 | 00 74 ea 07 33 c2 da ff |.4......|.t..3...|
|00003950| 13 f1 da ff 20 22 00 00 | 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 65 |.... "..|If you e|
|00003960| 76 61 6c 75 61 74 65 20 | 61 20 6e 61 6d 65 64 20 |valuate |a named |
|00003970| 61 72 72 61 79 20 69 6e | 20 61 20 73 63 61 6c 61 |array in| a scala|
|00003980| 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 78 | 74 2c 20 69 74 20 72 65 |r contex|t, it re|
|00003990| 74 75 72 6e 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 |turns th|e length|
|000039a0| 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 72 72 61 79 2e 20 20 | of the |array. |
|000039b0| 28 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 74 68 69 73 20 |(Note th|at this |
|000039c0| 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 74 | 72 75 65 20 00 8c 00 00 |is not t|rue ....|
|000039d0| a5 a8 00 00 40 30 e7 06 | 0c 8a da ff ec b8 da ff |....@0..|........|
|000039e0| 20 22 00 00 6f 66 20 6c | 69 73 74 73 2c 20 77 68 | "..of l|ists, wh|
|000039f0| 69 63 68 20 72 65 74 75 | 72 6e 20 74 68 65 20 6c |ich retu|rn the l|
|00003a00| 61 73 74 20 76 61 6c 75 | 65 2c 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 |ast valu|e, like |
|00003a10| 74 68 65 20 43 20 63 6f | 6d 6d 61 20 6f 70 65 72 |the C co|mma oper|
|00003a20| 61 74 6f 72 2e 29 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c |ator.) |The foll|
|00003a30| 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 69 73 | 20 61 6c 77 61 79 73 20 |owing is| always |
|00003a40| 74 72 75 65 3a 0d 08 00 | 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |true:...|........|
|00003a50| 07 6e 61 6d 12 e8 11 00 | 12 e8 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.nam....|........|
|00003a60| 07 65 72 6c 0c e9 11 00 | 12 e8 11 00 0c e9 11 00 |.erl....|........|
|00003a70| 00 00 00 00 00 a8 00 00 | a5 6c 00 00 40 f0 c0 03 |........|.l..@...|
|00003a80| 05 23 da ff 15 4a da ff | 70 1a 00 00 73 63 61 6c |.#...J..|p...scal|
|00003a90| 61 72 28 40 77 68 61 74 | 65 76 65 72 29 20 3d 3d |ar(@what|ever) ==|
|00003aa0| 20 24 23 77 68 61 74 65 | 76 65 72 20 2d 20 24 5b | $#whate|ver - $[|
|00003ab0| 20 2b 20 31 3b 0d 08 63 | 0c ea 11 00 12 e8 11 00 | + 1;..c|........|
|00003ac0| 00 00 00 00 08 61 73 20 | 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.....as |........|
|00003ad0| 07 20 20 4e 18 eb 11 00 | 18 eb 11 00 00 00 00 00 |. N....|........|
|00003ae0| 00 6c 00 00 01 10 00 00 | 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.l......|@.......|
|00003af0| 00 10 00 00 02 18 00 00 | 9c 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00003b00| 18 eb 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 18 00 00 a5 30 00 00 |........|.....0..|
|00003b10| 40 00 00 00 8d 67 d8 ff | 4d 74 d8 ff 00 00 00 00 |@....g..|Mt......|
|00003b20| 16 00 00 00 b0 fc 07 00 | 00 00 00 00 0d 08 64 65 |........|......de|
|00003b30| 18 ec 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 30 00 00 85 b8 00 00 |........|.0......|
|00003b40| 00 84 c2 07 bd 0e d8 ff | 9d 3d d8 ff 20 22 00 00 |........|.=.. "..|
|00003b50| 56 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 35 20 6f 66 20 50 65 72 |Version |5 of Per|
|00003b60| 6c 20 63 68 61 6e 67 65 | 64 20 74 68 65 20 73 65 |l change|d the se|
|00003b70| 6d 61 6e 74 69 63 73 20 | 6f 66 20 07 0e ed 11 00 |mantics |of .....|
|00003b80| 0e ed 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 24 5b 08 78 0e ee 11 00 |........|$[.x....|
|00003b90| 00 00 00 00 3a 20 66 69 | 6c 65 73 20 74 68 61 74 |....: fi|les that|
|00003ba0| 20 64 6f 6e 27 74 20 73 | 65 74 20 74 68 65 20 76 | don't s|et the v|
|00003bb0| 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 20 | 07 79 20 64 0e ef 11 00 |alue of |.y d....|
|00003bc0| 0e ef 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 24 5b 08 20 0e f0 11 00 |........|$[. ....|
|00003bd0| 00 00 00 00 20 6e 6f 20 | 6c 6f 6e 67 65 72 20 6e |.... no |longer n|
|00003be0| 65 65 64 20 74 6f 20 77 | 6f 72 72 79 20 00 00 00 |eed to w|orry ...|
|00003bf0| 00 b8 00 00 85 9c 00 00 | 00 7c c1 07 96 d6 d7 ff |........|.|......|
|00003c00| 76 05 d8 ff 20 22 00 00 | 61 62 6f 75 74 20 77 68 |v... "..|about wh|
|00003c10| 65 74 68 65 72 20 61 6e | 6f 74 68 65 72 20 66 69 |ether an|other fi|
|00003c20| 6c 65 20 63 68 61 6e 67 | 65 64 20 69 74 73 20 76 |le chang|ed its v|
|00003c30| 61 6c 75 65 2e 20 20 28 | 49 6e 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |alue. (|In other|
|00003c40| 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 | 75 73 65 20 6f 66 20 07 | words, |use of .|
|00003c50| 0e f1 11 00 0e f1 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 5b 08 6c |........|....$[.l|
|00003c60| 0e f2 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 69 73 20 64 65 70 72 |........| is depr|
|00003c70| 65 63 61 74 65 64 2e 29 | 20 53 6f 20 69 6e 20 67 |ecated.)| So in g|
|00003c80| 65 6e 65 72 61 6c 20 79 | 6f 75 20 00 00 9c 00 00 |eneral y|ou .....|
|00003c90| a5 4c 00 00 40 d0 28 01 | 6f 9e d7 ff 4f cd d7 ff |.L..@.(.|o...O...|
|00003ca0| 20 22 00 00 63 61 6e 20 | 61 73 73 75 6d 65 20 74 | "..can |assume t|
|00003cb0| 68 61 74 0d 07 6e 74 61 | 12 f3 11 00 12 f3 11 00 |hat..nta|........|
|00003cc0| 00 00 00 00 07 74 69 6f | 0c f4 11 00 12 f3 11 00 |.....tio|........|
|00003cd0| 0c f4 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 4c 00 00 a5 68 00 00 |........|.L...h..|
|00003ce0| 40 c0 4b 03 68 37 d7 ff | 78 5e d7 ff 70 1a 00 00 |@.K.h7..|x^..p...|
|00003cf0| 73 63 61 6c 61 72 28 40 | 77 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 |scalar(@|whatever|
|00003d00| 29 20 3d 3d 20 24 23 77 | 68 61 74 65 76 65 72 20 |) == $#w|hatever |
|00003d10| 2b 20 31 3b 0d 08 61 6c | 0c f5 11 00 12 f3 11 00 |+ 1;..al|........|
|00003d20| 00 00 00 00 08 20 61 6c | 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..... al|........|
|00003d30| 07 64 20 77 18 f6 11 00 | 18 f6 11 00 00 00 00 00 |.d w....|........|
|00003d40| 00 68 00 00 a5 34 00 00 | 40 00 00 00 d8 22 d7 ff |.h...4..|@...."..|
|00003d50| 98 2f d7 ff 00 00 00 00 | 0d 08 61 72 18 f7 11 00 |./......|..ar....|
|00003d60| 00 00 00 00 07 70 61 72 | 14 f8 11 00 14 f8 11 00 |.....par|........|
|00003d70| 00 00 00 00 00 34 00 00 | a5 98 00 00 40 64 0b 06 |.....4..|....@d..|
|00003d80| 08 ca d6 ff e8 f8 d6 ff | 20 22 00 00 53 6f 6d 65 |........| "..Some|
|00003d90| 20 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d | 6d 65 72 73 20 63 68 6f | program|mers cho|
|00003da0| 6f 73 65 20 74 6f 20 75 | 73 65 20 61 6e 20 65 78 |ose to u|se an ex|
|00003db0| 70 6c 69 63 69 74 20 63 | 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f |plicit c|onversio|
|00003dc0| 6e 20 73 6f 20 6e 6f 74 | 68 69 6e 67 27 73 20 6c |n so not|hing's l|
|00003dd0| 65 66 74 20 74 6f 20 64 | 6f 75 62 74 3a 0d 08 79 |eft to d|oubt:..y|
|00003de0| 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 20 20 20 12 f9 11 00 |........|. ....|
|00003df0| 12 f9 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 70 6c 65 0c fa 11 00 |........|.ple....|
|00003e00| 12 f9 11 00 0c fa 11 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 98 00 00 |........|........|
|00003e10| a5 68 00 00 40 50 34 03 | 01 63 d6 ff 11 8a d6 ff |.h..@P4.|.c......|
|00003e20| 70 1a 00 00 24 65 6c 65 | 6d 65 6e 74 5f 63 6f 75 |p...$ele|ment_cou|
|00003e30| 6e 74 20 3d 20 73 63 61 | 6c 61 72 28 40 77 68 61 |nt = sca|lar(@wha|
|00003e40| 74 65 76 65 72 29 3b 0d | 08 61 79 73 0c fb 11 00 |tever);.|.ays....|
|00003e50| 12 f9 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 08 20 20 23 12 00 00 00 |........|. #....|
|00003e60| 00 00 00 00 07 27 20 76 | 18 fc 11 00 18 fc 11 00 |.....' v|........|
|00003e70| 00 00 00 00 00 68 00 00 | a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 |.....h..|.$..@...|
|00003e80| 71 4e d6 ff 31 5b d6 ff | 00 00 00 00 0d 08 20 20 |qN..1[..|...... |
|00003e90| 18 fd 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 24 00 00 05 8c 00 00 |........|.$......|
|00003ea0| 00 08 e7 07 a1 f5 d5 ff | 81 24 d6 ff 20 22 00 00 |........|.$.. "..|
|00003eb0| 49 66 20 79 6f 75 20 65 | 76 61 6c 75 61 74 65 20 |If you e|valuate |
|00003ec0| 61 20 68 61 73 68 20 69 | 6e 20 61 20 73 63 61 6c |a hash i|n a scal|
|00003ed0| 61 72 20 63 6f 6e 74 65 | 78 74 2c 20 69 74 20 72 |ar conte|xt, it r|
|00003ee0| 65 74 75 72 6e 73 20 61 | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 20 77 |eturns a| value w|
|00003ef0| 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 | 74 72 75 65 20 69 66 20 |hich is |true if |
|00003f00| 61 6e 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 69 66 20 74 68 65 20 |and only| if the |
|00003f10| 68 61 73 68 20 63 6f 6e | 74 61 69 6e 73 20 61 6e |hash con|tains an|
|00003f20| 79 20 00 00 00 8c 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 dc d0 07 |y ......|........|
|00003f30| 7a bd d5 ff 5a ec d5 ff | 20 22 00 00 6b 65 79 2f |z...Z...| "..key/|
|00003f40| 76 61 6c 75 65 20 70 61 | 69 72 73 2e 20 20 28 49 |value pa|irs. (I|
|00003f50| 66 20 74 68 65 72 65 20 | 61 72 65 20 61 6e 79 20 |f there |are any |
|00003f60| 6b 65 79 2f 76 61 6c 75 | 65 20 70 61 69 72 73 2c |key/valu|e pairs,|
|00003f70| 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c | 75 65 20 72 65 74 75 72 | the val|ue retur|
|00003f80| 6e 65 64 20 69 73 20 61 | 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 |ned is a| string |
|00003f90| 63 6f 6e 73 69 73 74 69 | 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |consisti|ng of th|
|00003fa0| 65 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 | 20 6f 66 20 00 88 00 00 |e number| of ....|
|00003fb0| 05 84 00 00 00 f4 ca 07 | 53 85 d5 ff 33 b4 d5 ff |........|S...3...|
|00003fc0| 20 22 00 00 75 73 65 64 | 20 62 75 63 6b 65 74 73 | "..used| buckets|
|00003fd0| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 | and the| number |
|00003fe0| 6f 66 20 61 6c 6c 6f 63 | 61 74 65 64 20 62 75 63 |of alloc|ated buc|
|00003ff0| 6b 65 74 73 2c 20 73 65 | 70 61 72 61 74 65 64 20 |kets, se|parated |
|00004000| 62 79 20 61 20 73 6c 61 | 73 68 2e 20 20 54 68 69 |by a sla|sh. Thi|
|00004010| 73 20 69 73 20 70 72 65 | 74 74 79 20 6d 75 63 68 |s is pre|tty much|
|00004020| 20 75 73 65 66 75 6c 20 | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 74 6f 20 | useful |only to |
|00004030| 00 84 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 40 e5 07 2c 4d d5 ff |........|.@..,M..|
|00004040| 0c 7c d5 ff 20 22 00 00 | 66 69 6e 64 20 6f 75 74 |.|.. "..|find out|
|00004050| 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 | 20 50 65 72 6c 27 73 20 | whether| Perl's |
|00004060| 28 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 | 64 20 69 6e 29 20 68 61 |(compile|d in) ha|
|00004070| 73 68 69 6e 67 20 61 6c | 67 6f 72 69 74 68 6d 20 |shing al|gorithm |
|00004080| 69 73 20 70 65 72 66 6f | 72 6d 69 6e 67 20 70 6f |is perfo|rming po|
|00004090| 6f 72 6c 79 20 6f 6e 20 | 79 6f 75 72 20 64 61 74 |orly on |your dat|
|000040a0| 61 20 73 65 74 2e 20 46 | 6f 72 20 65 78 61 6d 70 |a set. F|or examp|
|000040b0| 6c 65 2c 20 00 84 00 00 | 05 80 00 00 00 cc 9e 07 |le, ....|........|
|000040c0| 05 15 d5 ff e5 43 d5 ff | 20 22 00 00 79 6f 75 20 |.....C..| "..you |
|000040d0| 73 74 69 63 6b 20 31 30 | 2c 30 30 30 20 74 68 69 |stick 10|,000 thi|
|000040e0| 6e 67 73 20 69 6e 20 61 | 20 68 61 73 68 2c 20 62 |ngs in a| hash, b|
|000040f0| 75 74 20 65 76 61 6c 75 | 61 74 69 6e 67 20 25 48 |ut evalu|ating %H|
|00004100| 41 53 48 20 69 6e 20 73 | 63 61 6c 61 72 20 63 6f |ASH in s|calar co|
|00004110| 6e 74 65 78 74 20 72 65 | 76 65 61 6c 73 20 22 31 |ntext re|veals "1|
|00004120| 2f 31 36 22 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 6d 65 61 6e |/16", wh|ich mean|
|00004130| 73 20 00 00 00 80 00 00 | 05 84 00 00 00 38 c3 07 |s ......|.....8..|
|00004140| de dc d4 ff be 0b d5 ff | 20 22 00 00 6f 6e 6c 79 |........| "..only|
|00004150| 20 6f 6e 65 20 6f 75 74 | 20 6f 66 20 73 69 78 74 | one out| of sixt|
|00004160| 65 65 6e 20 62 75 63 6b | 65 74 73 20 68 61 73 20 |een buck|ets has |
|00004170| 62 65 65 6e 20 74 6f 75 | 63 68 65 64 2c 20 61 6e |been tou|ched, an|
|00004180| 64 20 70 72 65 73 75 6d | 61 62 6c 79 20 63 6f 6e |d presum|ably con|
|00004190| 74 61 69 6e 73 20 61 6c | 6c 20 31 30 2c 30 30 30 |tains al|l 10,000|
|000041a0| 20 6f 66 20 79 6f 75 72 | 20 69 74 65 6d 73 2e 20 | of your| items. |
|000041b0| 20 54 68 69 73 20 00 00 | 00 84 00 00 a5 40 00 00 | This ..|.....@..|
|000041c0| 40 f8 e4 01 b7 a4 d4 ff | 97 d3 d4 ff 20 22 00 00 |@.......|.... "..|
|000041d0| 69 73 6e 27 74 20 73 75 | 70 70 6f 73 65 64 20 74 |isn't su|pposed t|
|000041e0| 6f 20 68 61 70 70 65 6e | 2e 29 0d 07 0a fe 11 00 |o happen|.)......|
|000041f0| 0a fe 11 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 40 00 00 a5 4c 00 00 |........|.@...L..|
|00004200| 40 ec 65 02 10 2e d4 ff | c0 64 d4 ff 18 2b 00 00 |@.e.....|.d...+..|
|00004210| 53 63 61 6c 61 72 20 76 | 61 6c 75 65 20 63 6f 6e |Scalar v|alue con|
|00004220| 73 74 72 75 63 74 6f 72 | 73 0d 08 0d 0a ff 11 00 |structor|s.......|
|00004230| 00 00 00 00 07 69 61 62 | 14 00 12 00 14 00 12 00 |.....iab|........|
|00004240| 00 00 00 00 00 4c 00 00 | a5 a0 00 00 40 d4 61 06 |.....L..|....@.a.|
|00004250| db d8 d3 ff bb 07 d4 ff | 20 22 00 00 4e 75 6d 65 |........| "..Nume|
|00004260| 72 69 63 20 6c 69 74 65 | 72 61 6c 73 20 61 72 65 |ric lite|rals are|
|00004270| 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 69 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 6e | specifi|ed in an|
|00004280| 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 75 73 74 6f 6d 61 |y of the| customa|
|00004290| 72 79 20 66 6c 6f 61 74 | 69 6e 67 20 70 6f 69 6e |ry float|ing poin|
|000042a0| 74 20 6f 72 20 69 6e 74 | 65 67 65 72 20 66 6f 72 |t or int|eger for|
|000042b0| 6d 61 74 73 3a 0d 08 20 | 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |mats:.. |........|
|000042c0| 07 74 68 61 12 01 12 00 | 12 01 12 00 00 00 00 00 |.tha....|........|
|000042d0| 07 69 6c 65 0c 02 12 00 | 12 01 12 00 0c 02 12 00 |.ile....|........|
|000042e0| 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 | 25 20 00 00 40 30 75 00 |........|% ..@0u.|
|000042f0| d4 71 d3 ff e4 98 d3 ff | 70 1a 00 00 31 32 33 34 |.q......|p...1234|
|00004300| 35 0d 00 00 00 20 00 00 | 25 24 00 00 40 80 bb 00 |5.... ..|%$..@...|
|00004310| f4 42 d3 ff 04 6a d3 ff | 70 1a 00 00 31 32 33 34 |.B...j..|p...1234|
|00004320| 35 2e 36 37 0d 00 00 00 | 00 24 00 00 25 20 00 00 |5.67....|.$..% ..|
|00004330| 40 10 a4 00 14 14 d3 ff | 24 3b d3 ff 70 1a 00 00 |@.......|$;..p...|
|00004340| 2e 32 33 45 2d 31 30 0d | 00 20 00 00 25 34 00 00 |.23E-10.|. ..%4..|
|00004350| 40 f0 49 02 34 e5 d2 ff | 44 0c d3 ff 70 1a 00 00 |@.I.4...|D...p...|
|00004360| 30 78 66 66 66 66 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |0xffff | |
|00004370| 20 20 20 20 23 20 68 65 | 78 0d 00 00 00 34 00 00 | # he|x....4..|
|00004380| 25 34 00 00 40 d0 78 02 | 54 b6 d2 ff 64 dd d2 ff |%4..@.x.|T...d...|
|00004390| 70 1a 00 00 30 33 37 37 | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |p...0377| |
|000043a0| 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 | 23 20 6f 63 74 61 6c 0d | |# octal.|
|000043b0| 00 34 00 00 a5 70 00 00 | 40 20 36 04 74 87 d2 ff |.4...p..|@ 6.t...|
|000043c0| 84 ae d2 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 34 5f 32 39 34 5f 39 36 |....p...|4_294_96|
|000043d0| 37 5f 32 39 36 20 20 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 75 6e |7_296 | # un|
|000043e0| 64 65 72 6c 69 6e 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 6c 65 67 69 |derline |for legi|
|000043f0| 62 69 6c 69 74 79 0d 08 | 0c 03 12 00 12 01 12 00 |bility..|........|
|00004400| 00 00 00 00 08 77 69 74 | 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.....wit|........|
|00004410| 07 27 2c 20 18 04 12 00 | 18 04 12 00 00 00 00 00 |.', ....|........|
|00004420| 00 70 00 00 a5 24 00 00 | 40 00 00 00 e4 72 d2 ff |.p...$..|@....r..|
|00004430| a4 7f d2 ff 00 00 00 00 | 0d 08 20 66 18 05 12 00 |........|.. f....|
|00004440| 00 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 | 05 84 00 00 00 c4 af 07 |.....$..|........|
|00004450| 14 1a d2 ff f4 48 d2 ff | 20 22 00 00 53 74 72 69 |.....H..| "..Stri|
|00004460| 6e 67 20 6c 69 74 65 72 | 61 6c 73 20 61 72 65 20 |ng liter|als are |
|00004470| 75 73 75 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 64 65 6c 69 6d 69 74 65 |usually |delimite|
|00004480| 64 20 62 79 20 65 69 74 | 68 65 72 20 73 69 6e 67 |d by eit|her sing|
|00004490| 6c 65 20 6f 72 20 64 6f | 75 62 6c 65 20 71 75 6f |le or do|uble quo|
|000044a0| 74 65 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 79 20 77 6f 72 6b 20 |tes. Th|ey work |
|000044b0| 6d 75 63 68 20 6c 69 6b | 65 20 73 68 65 6c 6c 20 |much lik|e shell |
|000044c0| 71 75 6f 74 65 73 3a 20 | 00 84 00 00 05 88 00 00 |quotes: |........|
|000044d0| 00 20 de 07 ed e1 d1 ff | cd 10 d2 ff 20 22 00 00 |. ......|.... "..|
|000044e0| 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 71 | 75 6f 74 65 64 20 73 74 |double-q|uoted st|
|000044f0| 72 69 6e 67 20 6c 69 74 | 65 72 61 6c 73 20 61 72 |ring lit|erals ar|
|00004500| 65 20 73 75 62 6a 65 63 | 74 20 74 6f 20 62 61 63 |e subjec|t to bac|
|00004510| 6b 73 6c 61 73 68 20 61 | 6e 64 20 76 61 72 69 61 |kslash a|nd varia|
|00004520| 62 6c 65 20 73 75 62 73 | 74 69 74 75 74 69 6f 6e |ble subs|titution|
|00004530| 3b 20 73 69 6e 67 6c 65 | 2d 71 75 6f 74 65 64 20 |; single|-quoted |
|00004540| 73 74 72 69 6e 67 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 |strings |are not |
|00004550| 00 88 00 00 85 b0 00 00 | 00 c4 b8 07 c6 a9 d1 ff |........|........|
|00004560| a6 d8 d1 ff 20 22 00 00 | 28 65 78 63 65 70 74 20 |.... "..|(except |
|00004570| 66 6f 72 20 22 07 6f 67 | 0e 06 12 00 0e 06 12 00 |for ".og|........|
|00004580| 00 00 00 00 5c 27 08 00 | 0e 07 12 00 00 00 00 00 |....\'..|........|
|00004590| 22 20 61 6e 64 20 22 07 | 0e 08 12 00 0e 08 12 00 |" and ".|........|
|000045a0| 00 00 00 00 5c 5c 08 6c | 0e 09 12 00 00 00 00 00 |....\\.l|........|
|000045b0| 22 29 2e 20 54 68 65 20 | 75 73 75 61 6c 20 55 6e |"). The |usual Un|
|000045c0| 69 78 20 62 61 63 6b 73 | 6c 61 73 68 20 72 75 6c |ix backs|lash rul|
|000045d0| 65 73 20 61 70 70 6c 79 | 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 61 6b |es apply| for mak|
|000045e0| 69 6e 67 20 63 68 61 72 | 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 73 |ing char|acters s|
|000045f0| 75 63 68 20 61 73 20 6e | 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 2c 20 |uch as n|ewline, |
|00004600| 00 b0 00 00 85 94 00 00 | 00 b0 d2 07 9f 71 d1 ff |........|.....q..|
|00004610| 7f a0 d1 ff 20 22 00 00 | 74 61 62 2c 20 65 74 63 |.... "..|tab, etc|
|00004620| 2e 2c 20 61 73 20 77 65 | 6c 6c 20 61 73 20 73 6f |., as we|ll as so|
|00004630| 6d 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 | 65 78 6f 74 69 63 20 66 |me more |exotic f|
|00004640| 6f 72 6d 73 2e 20 20 53 | 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 22 |orms. S|ee the "|
|00004650| 51 75 6f 74 65 20 61 6e | 64 20 51 75 6f 74 65 6c |Quote an|d Quotel|
|00004660| 69 6b 65 20 4f 70 65 72 | 61 74 6f 72 73 22 20 65 |ike Oper|ators" e|
|00004670| 6e 74 72 79 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 70 |ntry in |the chap|
|00004680| 74 65 72 20 07 65 72 73 | 10 0a 12 00 10 0a 12 00 |ter .ers|........|
|00004690| 00 00 00 00 00 94 00 00 | a5 38 00 00 40 e4 35 01 |........|.8..@.5.|
|000046a0| 78 39 d1 ff 58 68 d1 ff | 28 23 00 00 70 65 72 6c |x9..Xh..|(#..perl|
|000046b0| 6f 70 08 73 10 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 66 6f 72 |op.s....|.... for|
|000046c0| 20 61 20 6c 69 73 74 2e | 0d 00 00 00 00 38 00 00 | a list.|.....8..|
|000046d0| 05 8c 00 00 00 f4 b2 07 | a1 ca d0 ff 81 f9 d0 ff |........|........|
|000046e0| 20 22 00 00 4f 63 74 61 | 6c 20 6f 72 20 68 65 78 | "..Octa|l or hex|
|000046f0| 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 | 6e 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | represe|ntations|
|00004700| 20 69 6e 20 73 74 72 69 | 6e 67 20 6c 69 74 65 72 | in stri|ng liter|
|00004710| 61 6c 73 20 28 65 2e 67 | 2e 20 27 30 78 66 66 66 |als (e.g|. '0xfff|
|00004720| 66 27 29 20 61 72 65 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 75 74 6f |f') are |not auto|
|00004730| 6d 61 74 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 |maticall|y conver|
|00004740| 74 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 20 69 6e 74 |ted to t|heir int|
|00004750| 65 67 65 72 20 00 00 00 | 00 8c 00 00 05 84 00 00 |eger ...|........|
|00004760| 00 44 b1 07 7a 92 d0 ff | 5a c1 d0 ff 20 22 00 00 |.D..z...|Z... "..|
|00004770| 72 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e | 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 |represen|tation. |
|00004780| 20 54 68 65 20 68 65 78 | 28 29 20 61 6e 64 20 6f | The hex|() and o|
|00004790| 63 74 28 29 20 66 75 6e | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6d |ct() fun|ctions m|
|000047a0| 61 6b 65 20 74 68 65 73 | 65 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 |ake thes|e conver|
|000047b0| 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f | 72 20 79 6f 75 2e 20 20 |sions fo|r you. |
|000047c0| 53 65 65 20 74 68 65 20 | 22 68 65 78 22 20 65 6e |See the |"hex" en|
|000047d0| 74 72 79 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 00 00 84 00 00 |try in t|he .....|
|000047e0| a5 a0 00 00 40 bc aa 05 | 53 5a d0 ff 33 89 d0 ff |....@...|SZ..3...|
|000047f0| 20 22 00 00 63 68 61 70 | 74 65 72 20 07 6c 69 6d | "..chap|ter .lim|
|00004800| 10 0b 12 00 10 0b 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c |........|....perl|
|00004810| 66 75 6e 63 08 2c 20 65 | 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |func., e|........|
|00004820| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 22 6f 63 74 22 20 65 | and the| "oct" e|
|00004830| 6e 74 72 79 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 68 61 70 |ntry in |the chap|
|00004840| 74 65 72 20 07 b6 11 00 | 10 0c 12 00 10 0c 12 00 |ter ....|........|
|00004850| 00 00 00 00 70 65 72 6c | 66 75 6e 63 08 6f 73 74 |....perl|func.ost|
|00004860| 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 66 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 |........| for mor|
|00004870| 65 20 64 65 74 61 69 6c | 73 2e 0d 00 00 a0 00 00 |e detail|s.......|
|00004880| 05 88 00 00 00 88 c7 07 | 7c eb cf ff 5c 1a d0 ff |........||...\...|
|00004890| 20 22 00 00 59 6f 75 20 | 63 61 6e 20 61 6c 73 6f | "..You |can also|
|000048a0| 20 65 6d 62 65 64 20 6e | 65 77 6c 69 6e 65 73 20 | embed n|ewlines |
|000048b0| 64 69 72 65 63 74 6c 79 | 20 69 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 |directly| in your|
|000048c0| 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 73 | 2c 20 69 2e 65 2e 2c 20 | strings|, i.e., |
|000048d0| 74 68 65 79 20 63 61 6e | 20 65 6e 64 20 6f 6e 20 |they can| end on |
|000048e0| 61 20 64 69 66 66 65 72 | 65 6e 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 |a differ|ent line|
|000048f0| 20 74 68 61 6e 20 74 68 | 65 79 20 62 65 67 69 6e | than th|ey begin|
|00004900| 2e 20 20 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 8c 00 00 00 bc c9 07 |. .....|........|
|00004910| 55 b3 cf ff 35 e2 cf ff | 20 22 00 00 54 68 69 73 |U...5...| "..This|
|00004920| 20 69 73 20 6e 69 63 65 | 2c 20 62 75 74 20 69 66 | is nice|, but if|
|00004930| 20 79 6f 75 20 66 6f 72 | 67 65 74 20 79 6f 75 72 | you for|get your|
|00004940| 20 74 72 61 69 6c 69 6e | 67 20 71 75 6f 74 65 2c | trailin|g quote,|
|00004950| 20 74 68 65 20 65 72 72 | 6f 72 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | the err|or will |
|00004960| 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 72 | 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 |not be r|eported |
|00004970| 75 6e 74 69 6c 20 50 65 | 72 6c 20 66 69 6e 64 73 |until Pe|rl finds|
|00004980| 20 61 6e 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 00 00 | another| line ..|
|00004990| 00 8c 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 50 96 07 2e 7b cf ff |........|.P...{..|
|000049a0| 0e aa cf ff 20 22 00 00 | 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 |.... "..|containi|
|000049b0| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 71 | 75 6f 74 65 20 63 68 61 |ng the q|uote cha|
|000049c0| 72 61 63 74 65 72 2c 20 | 77 68 69 63 68 20 6d 61 |racter, |which ma|
|000049d0| 79 20 62 65 20 6d 75 63 | 68 20 66 75 72 74 68 65 |y be muc|h furthe|
|000049e0| 72 20 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 63 72 69 |r on in |the scri|
|000049f0| 70 74 2e 20 20 56 61 72 | 69 61 62 6c 65 20 73 75 |pt. Var|iable su|
|00004a00| 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 69 6e 73 69 64 |bstituti|on insid|
|00004a10| 65 20 00 00 00 84 00 00 | 05 8c 00 00 00 d4 ed 07 |e ......|........|
|00004a20| 07 43 cf ff e7 71 cf ff | 20 22 00 00 73 74 72 69 |.C...q..| "..stri|
|00004a30| 6e 67 73 20 69 73 20 6c | 69 6d 69 74 65 64 20 74 |ngs is l|imited t|
|00004a40| 6f 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 | 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c |o scalar| variabl|
|00004a50| 65 73 2c 20 61 72 72 61 | 79 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |es, arra|ys, and |
|00004a60| 61 72 72 61 79 20 73 6c | 69 63 65 73 2e 20 20 28 |array sl|ices. (|
|00004a70| 49 6e 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 |In other| words, |
|00004a80| 6e 61 6d 65 73 20 62 65 | 67 69 6e 6e 69 6e 67 20 |names be|ginning |
|00004a90| 77 69 74 68 20 24 20 6f | 72 20 40 2c 20 00 00 00 |with $ o|r @, ...|
|00004aa0| 00 8c 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 d8 cb 07 e0 0a cf ff |........|........|
|00004ab0| c0 39 cf ff 20 22 00 00 | 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 65 64 |.9.. "..|followed|
|00004ac0| 20 62 79 20 61 6e 20 6f | 70 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 | by an o|ptional |
|00004ad0| 62 72 61 63 6b 65 74 65 | 64 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 |brackete|d expres|
|00004ae0| 73 69 6f 6e 20 61 73 20 | 61 20 73 75 62 73 63 72 |sion as |a subscr|
|00004af0| 69 70 74 2e 29 20 20 54 | 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f |ipt.) T|he follo|
|00004b00| 77 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 64 | 65 20 73 65 67 6d 65 6e |wing cod|e segmen|
|00004b10| 74 20 70 72 69 6e 74 73 | 20 6f 75 74 20 22 54 68 |t prints| out "Th|
|00004b20| 65 20 00 00 00 84 00 00 | a5 4c 00 00 40 00 11 01 |e ......|.L..@...|
|00004b30| b9 d2 ce ff 99 01 cf ff | 20 22 00 00 70 72 69 63 |........| "..pric|
|00004b40| 65 20 69 73 20 24 31 30 | 30 2e 22 0d 07 20 66 61 |e is $10|0.".. fa|
|00004b50| 12 0d 12 00 12 0d 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 72 61 74 |........|.....rat|
|00004b60| 0c 0e 12 00 12 0d 12 00 | 0c 0e 12 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00004b70| 00 4c 00 00 25 40 00 00 | 40 30 63 03 b2 6b ce ff |.L..%@..|@0c..k..|
|00004b80| c2 92 ce ff 70 1a 00 00 | 24 50 72 69 63 65 20 3d |....p...|$Price =|
|00004b90| 20 27 24 31 30 30 27 3b | 20 20 20 20 23 20 6e 6f | '$100';| # no|
|00004ba0| 74 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 | 72 65 74 65 64 0d 00 00 |t interp|reted...|
|00004bb0| 00 40 00 00 a5 74 00 00 | 40 70 7c 04 d2 3c ce ff |.@...t..|@p|..<..|
|00004bc0| e2 63 ce ff 70 1a 00 00 | 70 72 69 6e 74 20 22 54 |.c..p...|print "T|
|00004bd0| 68 65 20 70 72 69 63 65 | 20 69 73 20 24 50 72 69 |he price| is $Pri|
|00004be0| 63 65 2e 5c 6e 22 3b 20 | 20 20 20 20 23 20 69 6e |ce.\n"; | # in|
|00004bf0| 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 | 64 0d 08 00 0c 0f 12 00 |terprete|d.......|
|00004c00| 12 0d 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 08 00 00 00 12 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00004c10| 00 00 00 00 07 bf 11 00 | 18 10 12 00 18 10 12 00 |........|........|
|00004c20| 00 00 00 00 00 74 00 00 | a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 |.....t..|.$..@...|
|00004c30| 42 28 ce ff 02 35 ce ff | 00 00 00 00 0d 08 70 72 |B(...5..|......pr|
|00004c40| 18 11 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 24 00 00 05 84 00 00 |........|.$......|
|00004c50| 00 e4 cb 07 72 cf cd ff | 52 fe cd ff 20 22 00 00 |....r...|R... "..|
|00004c60| 41 73 20 69 6e 20 73 6f | 6d 65 20 73 68 65 6c 6c |As in so|me shell|
|00004c70| 73 2c 20 79 6f 75 20 63 | 61 6e 20 70 75 74 20 63 |s, you c|an put c|
|00004c80| 75 72 6c 79 20 62 72 61 | 63 6b 65 74 73 20 61 72 |urly bra|ckets ar|
|00004c90| 6f 75 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 74 6f |ound the| name to|
|00004ca0| 20 64 65 6c 69 6d 69 74 | 20 69 74 20 66 72 6f 6d | delimit| it from|
|00004cb0| 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 69 | 6e 67 20 61 6c 70 68 61 | followi|ng alpha|
|00004cc0| 6e 75 6d 65 72 69 63 73 | 2e 20 20 00 00 84 00 00 |numerics|. .....|
|00004cd0| 05 88 00 00 00 98 81 07 | 4b 97 cd ff 2b c6 cd ff |........|K...+...|
|00004ce0| 20 22 00 00 49 6e 20 66 | 61 63 74 2c 20 61 6e 20 | "..In f|act, an |
|00004cf0| 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 69 | 65 72 20 77 69 74 68 69 |identifi|er withi|
|00004d00| 6e 20 73 75 63 68 20 63 | 75 72 6c 69 65 73 20 69 |n such c|urlies i|
|00004d10| 73 20 66 6f 72 63 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 61 |s forced| to be a|
|00004d20| 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 2c | 20 61 73 20 69 73 20 61 | string,| as is a|
|00004d30| 6e 79 20 73 69 6e 67 6c | 65 20 69 64 65 6e 74 69 |ny singl|e identi|
|00004d40| 66 69 65 72 20 77 69 74 | 68 69 6e 20 61 20 68 61 |fier wit|hin a ha|
|00004d50| 73 68 20 00 00 88 00 00 | a5 5c 00 00 40 00 4f 02 |sh .....|.\..@.O.|
|00004d60| 24 5f cd ff 04 8e cd ff | 20 22 00 00 73 75 62 73 |$_......| "..subs|
|00004d70| 63 72 69 70 74 2e 20 20 | 4f 75 72 20 65 61 72 6c |cript. |Our earl|
|00004d80| 69 65 72 20 65 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 2c 0d 07 00 00 |ier exam|ple,....|
|00004d90| 12 12 12 00 12 12 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 68 65 6e |........|.....hen|
|00004da0| 0c 13 12 00 12 12 12 00 | 0c 13 12 00 00 00 00 00 |........|........|
|00004db0| 00 5c 00 00 01 10 00 00 | 41 40 19 01 00 00 00 00 |.\......|A@......|
|00004dc0| 00 10 00 00 02 1c 00 00 | 38 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........|8.......|
|00004dd0| 12 12 12 00 0c 13 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 00 |........|........|
|00004de0| a5 5c 00 00 40 40 19 01 | 8c 4d cb ff 9c 74 cb ff |.\..@@..|.M...t..|
|00004df0| 70 1a 00 00 16 00 00 00 | b0 fc 07 00 00 00 00 00 |p.......|........|
|00004e00| 24 64 61 79 73 7b 27 46 | 65 62 27 7d 0d 08 00 00 |$days{'F|eb'}....|
|00004e10| 0c 14 12 00 12 12 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 08 65 2c 20 |........|.....e, |
|00004e20| 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 74 68 61 18 15 12 00 |........|.tha....|
|00004e30| 18 15 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 5c 00 00 a5 24 00 00 |........|.\...$..|
|00004e40| 40 00 00 00 fc 38 cb ff | bc 45 cb ff 00 00 00 00 |@....8..|.E......|
|00004e50| 0d 08 6e 65 18 16 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 |..ne....|.....$..|
|00004e60| a5 4c 00 00 40 50 3c 01 | 2c e0 ca ff 0c 0f cb ff |.L..@P<.|,.......|
|00004e70| 20 22 00 00 63 61 6e 20 | 62 65 20 77 72 69 74 74 | "..can |be writt|
|00004e80| 65 6e 20 61 73 0d 07 61 | 12 17 12 00 12 17 12 00 |en as..a|........|
|00004e90| 00 00 00 00 07 68 61 74 | 0c 18 12 00 12 17 12 00 |.....hat|........|
|00004ea0| 0c 18 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 4c 00 00 a5 4c 00 00 |........|.L...L..|
|00004eb0| 40 60 ea 00 25 79 ca ff | 35 a0 ca ff 70 1a 00 00 |@`..%y..|5...p...|
|00004ec0| 24 64 61 79 73 7b 46 65 | 62 7d 0d 08 0c 19 12 00 |$days{Fe|b}......|
|00004ed0| 12 17 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 08 69 61 6c 12 00 00 00 |........|.ial....|
|00004ee0| 00 00 00 00 07 69 74 20 | 18 1a 12 00 18 1a 12 00 |.....it |........|
|00004ef0| 00 00 00 00 00 4c 00 00 | a5 24 00 00 40 00 00 00 |.....L..|.$..@...|
|00004f00| 95 64 ca ff 55 71 ca ff | 00 00 00 00 0d 08 65 20 |.d..Uq..|......e |
|00004f10| 18 1b 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 24 00 00 05 80 00 00 |........|.$......|
|00004f20| 00 cc 7a 07 c5 0b ca ff | a5 3a ca ff 20 22 00 00 |..z.....|.:.. "..|
|00004f30| 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 | 71 75 6f 74 65 73 20 77 |and the |quotes w|
|00004f40| 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 61 | 73 73 75 6d 65 64 20 61 |ill be a|ssumed a|
|00004f50| 75 74 6f 6d 61 74 69 63 | 61 6c 6c 79 2e 20 20 42 |utomatic|ally. B|
|00004f60| 75 74 20 61 6e 79 74 68 | 69 6e 67 20 6d 6f 72 65 |ut anyth|ing more|
|00004f70| 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 63 | 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 | complic|ated in |
|00004f80| 74 68 65 20 73 75 62 73 | 63 72 69 70 74 20 77 69 |the subs|cript wi|
|00004f90| 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 00 00 | 00 80 00 00 25 38 00 00 |ll be ..|....%8..|
|00004fa0| 40 b8 15 02 9e d3 c9 ff | 7e 02 ca ff 20 22 00 00 |@.......|~... "..|
|00004fb0| 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 | 74 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 |interpre|ted as a|
|00004fc0| 6e 20 65 78 70 72 65 73 | 73 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 00 00 |n expres|sion....|
|00004fd0| 00 38 00 00 05 84 00 00 | 00 f8 cc 07 c7 64 c9 ff |.8......|.....d..|
|00004fe0| a7 93 c9 ff 20 22 00 00 | 4e 6f 74 65 20 74 68 61 |.... "..|Note tha|
|00004ff0| 74 20 61 20 73 69 6e 67 | 6c 65 2d 71 75 6f 74 65 |t a sing|le-quote|
|00005000| 64 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 20 6d 75 73 74 20 62 65 |d string| must be|
|00005010| 20 73 65 70 61 72 61 74 | 65 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 | separat|ed from |
|00005020| 61 20 70 72 65 63 65 64 | 69 6e 67 20 77 6f 72 64 |a preced|ing word|
|00005030| 20 62 79 20 61 20 73 70 | 61 63 65 2c 20 62 65 63 | by a sp|ace, bec|
|00005040| 61 75 73 65 20 73 69 6e | 67 6c 65 20 71 75 6f 74 |ause sin|gle quot|
|00005050| 65 20 00 00 00 84 00 00 | 85 8c 00 00 00 c8 3c 07 |e ......|......<.|
|00005060| a0 2c c9 ff 80 5b c9 ff | 20 22 00 00 69 73 20 61 |.,...[..| "..is a|
|00005070| 20 76 61 6c 69 64 20 28 | 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 64 | valid (|though d|
|00005080| 65 70 72 65 63 61 74 65 | 64 29 20 63 68 61 72 61 |eprecate|d) chara|
|00005090| 63 74 65 72 20 69 6e 20 | 61 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 |cter in |a variab|
|000050a0| 6c 65 20 6e 61 6d 65 20 | 28 73 65 65 20 74 68 65 |le name |(see the|
|000050b0| 20 22 50 61 63 6b 61 67 | 65 73 22 20 65 6e 74 72 | "Packag|es" entr|
|000050c0| 79 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 |y in the| chapter|
|000050d0| 20 07 79 20 10 1c 12 00 | 10 1c 12 00 00 00 00 00 | .y ....|........|
|000050e0| 00 8c 00 00 a5 2c 00 00 | 40 98 c4 00 79 f4 c8 ff |.....,..|@...y...|
|000050f0| 59 23 c9 ff 28 23 00 00 | 70 65 72 6c 6d 6f 64 08 |Y#..(#..|perlmod.|
|00005100| 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 29 2e 0d 00 00 2c 00 00 |........|)....,..|
|00005110| 05 80 00 00 00 e0 e7 07 | a2 85 c8 ff 82 b4 c8 ff |........|........|
|00005120| 20 22 00 00 54 68 72 65 | 65 20 73 70 65 63 69 61 | "..Thre|e specia|
|00005130| 6c 20 6c 69 74 65 72 61 | 6c 73 20 61 72 65 20 5f |l litera|ls are _|
|00005140| 5f 46 49 4c 45 5f 5f 2c | 20 5f 5f 4c 49 4e 45 5f |_FILE__,| __LINE_|
|00005150| 5f 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 5f | 5f 50 41 43 4b 41 47 45 |_, and _|_PACKAGE|
|00005160| 5f 5f 2c 20 77 68 69 63 | 68 20 72 65 70 72 65 73 |__, whic|h repres|
|00005170| 65 6e 74 20 74 68 65 20 | 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 |ent the |current |
|00005180| 66 69 6c 65 6e 61 6d 65 | 2c 20 00 00 00 80 00 00 |filename|, ......|
|00005190| 05 80 00 00 00 00 bc 07 | 7b 4d c8 ff 5b 7c c8 ff |........|{M..[|..|
|000051a0| 20 22 00 00 6c 69 6e 65 | 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 2c | "..line| number,|
|000051b0| 20 61 6e 64 20 70 61 63 | 6b 61 67 65 20 6e 61 6d | and pac|kage nam|
|000051c0| 65 20 61 74 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 |e at tha|t point |
|000051d0| 69 6e 20 79 6f 75 72 20 | 70 72 6f 67 72 61 6d 2e |in your |program.|
|000051e0| 20 20 54 68 65 79 20 6d | 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 73 | They m|ay be us|
|000051f0| 65 64 20 6f 6e 6c 79 20 | 61 73 20 73 65 70 61 72 |ed only |as separ|
|00005200| 61 74 65 20 74 6f 6b 65 | 6e 73 3b 20 00 80 00 00 |ate toke|ns; ....|
|00005210| 85 a0 00 00 00 a4 9c 07 | 54 15 c8 ff 34 44 c8 ff |........|T...4D..|
|00005220| 20 22 00 00 74 68 65 79 | 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 6e 6f | "..they| will no|
|00005230| 74 20 62 65 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 70 6f 6c 61 74 65 |t be int|erpolate|
|00005240| 64 20 69 6e 74 6f 20 73 | 74 72 69 6e 67 73 2e 20 |d into s|trings. |
|00005250| 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 72 | 65 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 20 | If ther|e is no |
|00005260| 63 75 72 72 65 6e 74 20 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 20 |current |package |
|00005270| 28 64 75 65 20 74 6f 20 | 61 20 07 73 0e 1d 12 00 |(due to |a .s....|
|00005280| 0e 1d 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 70 61 63 6b 61 67 65 3b |........|package;|
|00005290| 08 65 66 65 0e 1e 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 64 69 72 |.efe....|.... dir|
|000052a0| 65 63 74 69 76 65 29 2c | 20 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 |ective),| .......|
|000052b0| 25 3c 00 00 40 e8 ea 02 | 2d dd c7 ff 0d 0c c8 ff |%<..@...|-.......|
|000052c0| 20 22 00 00 5f 5f 50 41 | 43 4b 41 47 45 5f 5f 20 | "..__PA|CKAGE__ |
|000052d0| 69 73 20 74 68 65 20 75 | 6e 64 65 66 69 6e 65 64 |is the u|ndefined|
|000052e0| 20 76 61 6c 75 65 2e 0d | 00 3c 00 00 05 80 00 00 | value..|.<......|
|000052f0| 00 b4 e0 07 56 6e c7 ff | 36 9d c7 ff 20 22 00 00 |....Vn..|6... "..|
|00005300| 54 68 65 20 74 6f 6b 65 | 6e 73 20 5f 5f 45 4e 44 |The toke|ns __END|
|00005310| 5f 5f 20 61 6e 64 20 5f | 5f 44 41 54 41 5f 5f 20 |__ and _|_DATA__ |
|00005320| 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 69 |may be u|sed to i|
|00005330| 6e 64 69 63 61 74 65 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 6f 67 69 |ndicate |the logi|
|00005340| 63 61 6c 20 65 6e 64 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 |cal end |of the s|
|00005350| 63 72 69 70 74 20 62 65 | 66 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 |cript be|fore the|
|00005360| 20 61 63 74 75 61 6c 20 | 00 80 00 00 05 7c 00 00 | actual |.....|..|
|00005370| 00 b0 48 07 2f 36 c7 ff | 0f 65 c7 ff 20 22 00 00 |..H./6..|.e.. "..|
|00005380| 65 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 66 | 69 6c 65 2e 20 20 41 6e |end of f|ile. An|
|00005390| 79 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f 77 | 69 6e 67 20 74 65 78 74 |y follow|ing text|
|000053a0| 20 69 73 20 69 67 6e 6f | 72 65 64 2c 20 62 75 74 | is igno|red, but|
|000053b0| 20 6d 61 79 20 62 65 20 | 72 65 61 64 20 76 69 61 | may be |read via|
|000053c0| 20 61 20 44 41 54 41 20 | 66 69 6c 65 68 61 6e 64 | a DATA |filehand|
|000053d0| 6c 65 3a 20 6d 61 69 6e | 3a 3a 44 41 54 41 20 66 |le: main|::DATA f|
|000053e0| 6f 72 20 00 00 7c 00 00 | 05 74 00 00 00 e0 c3 07 |or ..|..|.t......|
|000053f0| 08 fe c6 ff e8 2c c7 ff | 20 22 00 00 5f 5f 45 4e |.....,..| "..__EN|
|00005400| 44 5f 5f 2c 20 6f 72 20 | 50 41 43 4b 4e 41 4d 45 |D__, or |PACKNAME|
|00005410| 3a 3a 44 41 54 41 20 28 | 77 68 65 72 65 20 50 41 |::DATA (|where PA|
|00005420| 43 4b 4e 41 4d 45 20 69 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 63 75 |CKNAME i|s the cu|
|00005430| 72 72 65 6e 74 20 70 61 | 63 6b 61 67 65 29 20 66 |rrent pa|ckage) f|
|00005440| 6f 72 20 5f 5f 44 41 54 | 41 5f 5f 2e 20 54 68 65 |or __DAT|A__. The|
|00005450| 20 74 77 6f 20 00 00 00 | 00 74 00 00 85 88 00 00 | two ...|.t......|
|00005460| 00 04 9a 07 e1 c5 c6 ff | c1 f4 c6 ff 20 22 00 00 |........|.... "..|
|00005470| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |control |characte|
|00005480| 72 73 20 5e 44 20 61 6e | 64 20 5e 5a 20 61 72 65 |rs ^D an|d ^Z are|
|00005490| 20 73 79 6e 6f 6e 79 6d | 73 20 66 6f 72 20 5f 5f | synonym|s for __|
|000054a0| 45 4e 44 5f 5f 20 28 6f | 72 20 5f 5f 44 41 54 41 |END__ (o|r __DATA|
|000054b0| 5f 5f 20 69 6e 20 61 20 | 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 29 2e |__ in a |module).|
|000054c0| 20 20 53 65 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 68 61 70 74 65 | See th|e chapte|
|000054d0| 72 20 07 20 10 1f 12 00 | 10 1f 12 00 00 00 00 00 |r . ....|........|
|000054e0| 00 88 00 00 85 8c 00 00 | 00 20 de 07 ba 8d c6 ff |........|. ......|
|000054f0| 9a bc c6 ff 28 23 00 00 | 53 65 6c 66 4c 6f 61 64 |....(#..|SelfLoad|
|00005500| 65 72 08 6e 10 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 66 6f 72 |er.n....|.... for|
|00005510| 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 64 65 | 73 63 72 69 70 74 69 6f | more de|scriptio|
|00005520| 6e 20 6f 66 20 5f 5f 44 | 41 54 41 5f 5f 2c 20 61 |n of __D|ATA__, a|
|00005530| 6e 64 20 61 6e 20 65 78 | 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 |nd an ex|ample of|
|00005540| 20 69 74 73 20 75 73 65 | 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 65 20 | its use|. Note |
|00005550| 74 68 61 74 20 79 6f 75 | 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 20 |that you| cannot |
|00005560| 72 65 61 64 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 00 00 00 8c 00 00 |read fro|m ......|
|00005570| 05 78 00 00 00 c0 2f 07 | 93 55 c6 ff 73 84 c6 ff |.x..../.|.U..s...|
|00005580| 20 22 00 00 74 68 65 20 | 44 41 54 41 20 66 69 6c | "..the |DATA fil|
|00005590| 65 68 61 6e 64 6c 65 20 | 69 6e 20 61 20 42 45 47 |ehandle |in a BEG|
|000055a0| 49 4e 20 62 6c 6f 63 6b | 3a 20 74 68 65 20 42 45 |IN block|: the BE|
|000055b0| 47 49 4e 20 62 6c 6f 63 | 6b 20 69 73 20 65 78 65 |GIN bloc|k is exe|
|000055c0| 63 75 74 65 64 20 61 73 | 20 73 6f 6f 6e 20 61 73 |cuted as| soon as|
|000055d0| 20 69 74 20 69 73 20 73 | 65 65 6e 20 28 64 75 72 | it is s|een (dur|
|000055e0| 69 6e 67 20 00 78 00 00 | 25 7c 00 00 40 40 88 07 |ing .x..|%|..@@..|
|000055f0| 6c 1d c6 ff 4c 4c c6 ff | 20 22 00 00 63 6f 6d 70 |l...LL..| "..comp|
|00005600| 69 6c 61 74 69 6f 6e 29 | 2c 20 61 74 20 77 68 69 |ilation)|, at whi|
|00005610| 63 68 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 72 |ch point| the cor|
|00005620| 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 64 69 | 6e 67 20 5f 5f 44 41 54 |respondi|ng __DAT|
|00005630| 41 5f 5f 20 28 6f 72 20 | 5f 5f 45 4e 44 5f 5f 29 |A__ (or |__END__)|
|00005640| 20 74 6f 6b 65 6e 20 68 | 61 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 79 | token h|as not y|
|00005650| 65 74 20 62 65 65 6e 20 | 73 65 65 6e 2e 0d 00 00 |et been |seen....|
|00005660| 00 7c 00 00 05 88 00 00 | 00 c8 b4 07 95 ae c5 ff |.|......|........|
|00005670| 75 dd c5 ff 20 22 00 00 | 41 20 77 6f 72 64 20 74 |u... "..|A word t|
|00005680| 68 61 74 20 68 61 73 20 | 6e 6f 20 6f 74 68 65 72 |hat has |no other|
|00005690| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 | 65 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | interpr|etation |
|000056a0| 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 67 | 72 61 6d 6d 61 72 20 77 |in the g|rammar w|
|000056b0| 69 6c 6c 20 62 65 20 74 | 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 61 |ill be t|reated a|
|000056c0| 73 20 69 66 20 69 74 20 | 77 65 72 65 20 61 20 71 |s if it |were a q|
|000056d0| 75 6f 74 65 64 20 73 74 | 72 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 54 |uoted st|ring. T|
|000056e0| 68 65 73 65 20 00 00 00 | 00 88 00 00 05 84 00 00 |hese ...|........|
|000056f0| 00 1c b2 07 6e 76 c5 ff | 4e a5 c5 ff 20 22 00 00 |....nv..|N... "..|
|00005700| 61 72 65 20 6b 6e 6f 77 | 6e 20 61 73 20 22 62 61 |are know|n as "ba|
|00005710| 72 65 77 6f 72 64 73 22 | 2e 20 20 41 73 20 77 69 |rewords"|. As wi|
|00005720| 74 68 20 66 69 6c 65 68 | 61 6e 64 6c 65 73 20 61 |th fileh|andles a|
|00005730| 6e 64 20 6c 61 62 65 6c | 73 2c 20 61 20 62 61 72 |nd label|s, a bar|
|00005740| 65 77 6f 72 64 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 |eword th|at consi|
|00005750| 73 74 73 20 65 6e 74 69 | 72 65 6c 79 20 6f 66 20 |sts enti|rely of |
|00005760| 6c 6f 77 65 72 63 61 73 | 65 20 00 00 00 84 00 00 |lowercas|e ......|
|00005770| 85 a0 00 00 00 94 d3 07 | 47 3e c5 ff 27 6d c5 ff |........|G>..'m..|
|00005780| 20 22 00 00 6c 65 74 74 | 65 72 73 20 72 69 73 6b | "..lett|ers risk|
|00005790| 73 20 63 6f 6e 66 6c 69 | 63 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 |s confli|ct with |
|000057a0| 66 75 74 75 72 65 20 72 | 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20 |future r|eserved |
|000057b0| 77 6f 72 64 73 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 69 66 20 79 6f |words, a|nd if yo|
|000057c0| 75 20 75 73 65 20 74 68 | 65 20 07 72 10 20 12 00 |u use th|e .r. ..|
|000057d0| 10 20 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 2d 77 08 20 10 00 00 00 |. ......|-w. ....|
|000057e0| 00 00 00 00 20 73 77 69 | 74 63 68 2c 20 50 65 72 |.... swi|tch, Per|
|000057f0| 6c 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 77 | 61 72 6e 20 79 6f 75 20 |l will w|arn you |
|00005800| 61 62 6f 75 74 20 61 6e | 79 20 00 00 00 a0 00 00 |about an|y ......|
|00005810| a5 88 00 00 40 78 ac 05 | 20 06 c5 ff 00 35 c5 ff |....@x..| ....5..|
|00005820| 20 22 00 00 73 75 63 68 | 20 77 6f 72 64 73 2e 20 | "..such| words. |
|00005830| 20 53 6f 6d 65 20 70 65 | 6f 70 6c 65 20 6d 61 79 | Some pe|ople may|
|00005840| 20 77 69 73 68 20 74 6f | 20 6f 75 74 6c 61 77 20 | wish to| outlaw |
|00005850| 62 61 72 65 77 6f 72 64 | 73 20 65 6e 74 69 72 65 |bareword|s entire|
|00005860| 6c 79 2e 20 20 49 66 20 | 79 6f 75 20 73 61 79 0d |ly. If |you say.|
|00005870| 07 20 6e 75 12 21 12 00 | 12 21 12 00 00 00 00 00 |. nu.!..|.!......|
|00005880| 07 75 61 6c 0c 22 12 00 | 12 21 12 00 0c 22 12 00 |.ual."..|.!..."..|
|00005890| 00 00 00 00 00 88 00 00 | a5 54 00 00 40 e0 a5 01 |........|.T..@...|
|000058a0| 19 9f c4 ff 29 c6 c4 ff | 70 1a 00 00 75 73 65 20 |....)...|p...use |
|000058b0| 73 74 72 69 63 74 20 27 | 73 75 62 73 27 3b 0d 08 |strict '|subs';..|
|000058c0| 0c 23 12 00 12 21 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 08 68 20 74 |.#...!..|.....h t|
|000058d0| 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 63 61 75 18 24 12 00 |........|.cau.$..|
|000058e0| 18 24 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 54 00 00 a5 24 00 00 |.$......|.T...$..|
|000058f0| 40 00 00 00 89 8a c4 ff | 49 97 c4 ff 00 00 00 00 |@.......|I.......|
|00005900| 0d 08 6f 69 18 25 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 |..oi.%..|.....$..|
|00005910| 05 7c 00 00 00 08 60 07 | b9 31 c4 ff 99 60 c4 ff |.|....`.|.1...`..|
|00005920| 20 22 00 00 74 68 65 6e | 20 61 6e 79 20 62 61 72 | "..then| any bar|
|00005930| 65 77 6f 72 64 20 74 68 | 61 74 20 77 6f 75 6c 64 |eword th|at would|
|00005940| 20 4e 4f 54 20 62 65 20 | 69 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 | NOT be |interpre|
|00005950| 74 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 | 20 73 75 62 72 6f 75 74 |ted as a| subrout|
|00005960| 69 6e 65 20 63 61 6c 6c | 20 70 72 6f 64 75 63 65 |ine call| produce|
|00005970| 73 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 69 6c 65 2d 74 69 6d 65 |s a comp|ile-time|
|00005980| 20 65 72 72 6f 72 20 00 | 00 7c 00 00 05 84 00 00 | error .|.|......|
|00005990| 00 34 a9 07 92 f9 c3 ff | 72 28 c4 ff 20 22 00 00 |.4......|r(.. "..|
|000059a0| 69 6e 73 74 65 61 64 2e | 20 20 54 68 65 20 72 65 |instead.| The re|
|000059b0| 73 74 72 69 63 74 69 6f | 6e 20 6c 61 73 74 73 20 |strictio|n lasts |
|000059c0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 6e 64 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |to the e|nd of th|
|000059d0| 65 20 65 6e 63 6c 6f 73 | 69 6e 67 20 62 6c 6f 63 |e enclos|ing bloc|
|000059e0| 6b 2e 20 20 41 6e 20 69 | 6e 6e 65 72 20 62 6c 6f |k. An i|nner blo|
|000059f0| 63 6b 20 6d 61 79 20 63 | 6f 75 6e 74 65 72 6d 61 |ck may c|ounterma|
|00005a00| 6e 64 20 74 68 69 73 20 | 62 79 20 00 00 84 00 00 |nd this |by .....|
|00005a10| a5 58 00 00 40 d4 53 02 | 6b c1 c3 ff 4b f0 c3 ff |.X..@.S.|k...K...|
|00005a20| 20 22 00 00 73 61 79 69 | 6e 67 20 07 0e 26 12 00 | "..sayi|ng ..&..|
|00005a30| 0e 26 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 6e 6f 20 73 74 72 69 63 |.&......|no stric|
|00005a40| 74 20 27 73 75 62 73 27 | 08 61 75 73 0e 27 12 00 |t 'subs'|.aus.'..|
|00005a50| 00 00 00 00 2e 0d 07 20 | 14 28 12 00 14 28 12 00 |....... |.(...(..|
|00005a60| 00 00 00 00 00 58 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 b0 cf 07 |.....X..|........|
|00005a70| 94 52 c3 ff 74 81 c3 ff | 20 22 00 00 41 72 72 61 |.R..t...| "..Arra|
|00005a80| 79 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 | 6c 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |y variab|les are |
|00005a90| 69 6e 74 65 72 70 6f 6c | 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 74 |interpol|ated int|
|00005aa0| 6f 20 64 6f 75 62 6c 65 | 2d 71 75 6f 74 65 64 20 |o double|-quoted |
|00005ab0| 73 74 72 69 6e 67 73 20 | 62 79 20 6a 6f 69 6e 69 |strings |by joini|
|00005ac0| 6e 67 20 61 6c 6c 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 6c 65 6d 65 |ng all t|he eleme|
|00005ad0| 6e 74 73 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 72 72 61 79 |nts of t|he array|
|00005ae0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 | with th|e ......|
|00005af0| 85 bc 00 00 00 48 cb 07 | 6d 1a c3 ff 4d 49 c3 ff |.....H..|m...MI..|
|00005b00| 20 22 00 00 64 65 6c 69 | 6d 69 74 65 72 20 73 70 | "..deli|miter sp|
|00005b10| 65 63 69 66 69 65 64 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 07 |ecified |in the .|
|00005b20| 0e 29 12 00 14 28 12 00 | 0e 29 12 00 00 00 00 00 |.)...(..|.)......|
|00005b30| 24 22 08 63 0e 2a 12 00 | 14 28 12 00 00 00 00 00 |$".c.*..|.(......|
|00005b40| 20 76 61 72 69 61 62 6c | 65 20 28 07 0e 2b 12 00 | variabl|e (..+..|
|00005b50| 14 28 12 00 0e 2b 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 4c 49 53 |.(...+..|....$LIS|
|00005b60| 54 5f 53 45 50 41 52 41 | 54 4f 52 08 0e 2c 12 00 |T_SEPARA|TOR..,..|
|00005b70| 14 28 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 69 6e 20 45 6e 67 6c |.(......| in Engl|
|00005b80| 69 73 68 29 2c 20 73 70 | 61 63 65 20 62 79 20 64 |ish), sp|ace by d|
|00005b90| 65 66 61 75 6c 74 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 20 66 6f 6c |efault. | The fol|
|00005ba0| 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 00 | 00 bc 00 00 a5 58 00 00 |lowing .|.....X..|
|00005bb0| 40 44 15 01 46 e2 c2 ff | 26 11 c3 ff 20 22 00 00 |@D..F...|&... "..|
|00005bc0| 61 72 65 20 65 71 75 69 | 76 61 6c 65 6e 74 3a 0d |are equi|valent:.|
|00005bd0| 08 74 20 61 14 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 6d 62 65 |.t a....|.....mbe|
|00005be0| 12 2d 12 00 12 2d 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 5e 5c 64 |.-...-..|.....^\d|
|00005bf0| 0c 2e 12 00 12 2d 12 00 | 0c 2e 12 00 00 00 00 00 |.....-..|........|
|00005c00| 00 58 00 00 25 30 00 00 | 40 10 1b 02 3f 7b c2 ff |.X..%0..|@...?{..|
|00005c10| 4f a2 c2 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 24 74 65 6d 70 20 3d 20 |O...p...|$temp = |
|00005c20| 6a 6f 69 6e 28 24 22 2c | 40 41 52 47 56 29 3b 0d |join($",|@ARGV);.|
|00005c30| 00 30 00 00 a5 58 00 00 | 40 c0 d4 01 5f 4c c2 ff |.0...X..|@..._L..|
|00005c40| 6f 73 c2 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 22 |os..p...|system "|
|00005c50| 65 63 68 6f 20 24 74 65 | 6d 70 22 3b 0d 08 6e 20 |echo $te|mp";..n |
|00005c60| 0c 2f 12 00 12 2d 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 08 74 22 0d |./...-..|.....t".|
|00005c70| 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 73 20 2f 18 30 12 00 |........|.s /.0..|
|00005c80| 18 30 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 58 00 00 a5 48 00 00 |.0......|.X...H..|
|00005c90| 40 00 00 00 cf 37 c2 ff | 8f 44 c2 ff 00 00 00 00 |@....7..|.D......|
|00005ca0| 0d 08 2d 5d 18 31 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 3b 0d 08 |..-].1..|.....;..|
|00005cb0| 12 32 12 00 12 32 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 07 05 05 05 |.2...2..|........|
|00005cc0| 0c 33 12 00 12 32 12 00 | 0c 33 12 00 00 00 00 00 |.3...2..|.3......|
|00005cd0| 00 48 00 00 a5 58 00 00 | 40 c0 d4 01 cf e6 c1 ff |.H...X..|@.......|
|00005ce0| df 0d c2 ff 70 1a 00 00 | 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 22 |....p...|system "|
|00005cf0| 65 63 68 6f 20 40 41 52 | 47 56 22 3b 0d 08 20 6f |echo @AR|GV";.. o|
|00005d00| 0c 34 12 00 12 32 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 08 20 61 20 |.4...2..|..... a |
|00005d10| 12 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 07 6c 75 65 18 35 12 00 |........|.lue.5..|
|00005d20| 18 35 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 58 00 00 a5 24 00 00 |.5......|.X...$..|
|00005d30| 40 00 00 00 3f d2 c1 ff | ff de c1 ff 00 00 00 00 |@...?...|........|
|00005d40| 0d 08 61 79 18 36 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 24 00 00 |..ay.6..|.....$..|
|00005d50| 85 90 00 00 00 f8 84 07 | 6f 79 c1 ff 4f a8 c1 ff |........|oy..O...|
|00005d60| 20 22 00 00 57 69 74 68 | 69 6e 20 73 65 61 72 63 | "..With|in searc|
|00005d70| 68 20 70 61 74 74 65 72 | 6e 73 20 28 77 68 69 63 |h patter|ns (whic|
|00005d80| 68 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 75 | 6e 64 65 72 67 6f 20 64 |h also u|ndergo d|
|00005d90| 6f 75 62 6c 65 2d 71 75 | 6f 74 69 73 68 20 73 75 |ouble-qu|otish su|
|00005da0| 62 73 74 69 74 75 74 69 | 6f 6e 29 20 74 68 65 72 |bstituti|on) ther|
|00005db0| 65 20 69 73 20 61 20 62 | 61 64 20 61 6d 62 69 67 |e is a b|ad ambig|
|00005dc0| 75 69 74 79 3a 20 20 49 | 73 20 07 66 0e 37 12 00 |uity: I|s .f.7..|
|00005dd0| 0e 37 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 2f 00 00 00 00 90 00 00 |.7......|/.......|
|00005de0| 85 b8 00 00 00 28 ac 07 | 48 41 c1 ff 28 70 c1 ff |.....(..|HA..(p..|
|00005df0| ba 1f 00 00 24 66 6f 6f | 5b 62 61 72 5d 2f 08 20 |....$foo|[bar]/. |
|00005e00| 0e 38 12 00 00 00 00 00 | 20 74 6f 20 62 65 20 69 |.8......| to be i|
|00005e10| 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 | 65 64 20 61 73 20 07 20 |nterpret|ed as . |
|00005e20| 0e 39 12 00 0e 39 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 2f 24 7b 66 |.9...9..|..../${f|
|00005e30| 6f 6f 7d 5b 62 61 72 5d | 2f 08 6f 20 0e 3a 12 00 |oo}[bar]|/.o .:..|
|00005e40| 00 00 00 00 20 28 77 68 | 65 72 65 20 07 00 00 00 |.... (wh|ere ....|
|00005e50| 0e 3b 12 00 0e 3b 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 5b 62 61 72 |.;...;..|....[bar|
|00005e60| 5d 08 00 00 0e 3c 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 69 73 20 |]....<..|.... is |
|00005e70| 61 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 | 74 65 72 20 63 6c 61 73 |a charac|ter clas|
|00005e80| 73 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 | 65 20 72 65 67 75 6c 61 |s for th|e regula|
|00005e90| 72 20 00 00 00 b8 00 00 | 85 ac 00 00 00 b0 72 07 |r ......|......r.|
|00005ea0| 21 09 c1 ff 01 38 c1 ff | 20 22 00 00 65 78 70 72 |!....8..| "..expr|
|00005eb0| 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 29 20 | 6f 72 20 61 73 20 07 76 |ession) |or as .v|
|00005ec0| 0e 3d 12 00 0e 3d 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 2f 24 7b 66 |.=...=..|..../${f|
|00005ed0| 6f 6f 5b 62 61 72 5d 7d | 2f 08 61 79 0e 3e 12 00 |oo[bar]}|/.ay.>..|
|00005ee0| 00 00 00 00 20 28 77 68 | 65 72 65 20 07 73 6c 79 |.... (wh|ere .sly|
|00005ef0| 0e 3f 12 00 0e 3f 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 5b 62 61 72 |.?...?..|....[bar|
|00005f00| 5d 08 11 00 0e 40 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 69 73 20 |]....@..|.... is |
|00005f10| 74 68 65 20 73 75 62 73 | 63 72 69 70 74 20 74 6f |the subs|cript to|
|00005f20| 20 61 72 72 61 79 20 40 | 66 6f 6f 29 3f 20 20 49 | array @|foo)? I|
|00005f30| 66 20 40 66 6f 6f 20 64 | 6f 65 73 6e 27 74 20 00 |f @foo d|oesn't .|
|00005f40| 00 ac 00 00 85 a0 00 00 | 00 ac d9 07 fa d0 c0 ff |........|........|
|00005f50| da ff c0 ff 20 22 00 00 | 6f 74 68 65 72 77 69 73 |.... "..|otherwis|
|00005f60| 65 20 65 78 69 73 74 2c | 20 74 68 65 6e 20 69 74 |e exist,| then it|
|00005f70| 27 73 20 6f 62 76 69 6f | 75 73 6c 79 20 61 20 63 |'s obvio|usly a c|
|00005f80| 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 | 20 63 6c 61 73 73 2e 20 |haracter| class. |
|00005f90| 20 49 66 20 40 66 6f 6f | 20 65 78 69 73 74 73 2c | If @foo| exists,|
|00005fa0| 20 50 65 72 6c 20 74 61 | 6b 65 73 20 61 20 67 6f | Perl ta|kes a go|
|00005fb0| 6f 64 20 67 75 65 73 73 | 20 61 62 6f 75 74 20 07 |od guess| about .|
|00005fc0| 0e 41 12 00 0e 41 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 5b 62 61 72 |.A...A..|....[bar|
|00005fd0| 5d 08 65 20 0e 42 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 2c 20 00 00 |].e .B..|...., ..|
|00005fe0| 00 a0 00 00 05 8c 00 00 | 00 7c e2 07 d3 98 c0 ff |........|.|......|
|00005ff0| b3 c7 c0 ff 20 22 00 00 | 61 6e 64 20 69 73 20 61 |.... "..|and is a|
|00006000| 6c 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 6c | 77 61 79 73 20 72 69 67 |lmost al|ways rig|
|00006010| 68 74 2e 20 20 49 66 20 | 69 74 20 64 6f 65 73 20 |ht. If |it does |
|00006020| 67 75 65 73 73 20 77 72 | 6f 6e 67 2c 20 6f 72 20 |guess wr|ong, or |
|00006030| 69 66 20 79 6f 75 27 72 | 65 20 6a 75 73 74 20 70 |if you'r|e just p|
|00006040| 6c 61 69 6e 20 70 61 72 | 61 6e 6f 69 64 2c 20 79 |lain par|anoid, y|
|00006050| 6f 75 20 63 61 6e 20 66 | 6f 72 63 65 20 74 68 65 |ou can f|orce the|
|00006060| 20 63 6f 72 72 65 63 74 | 20 00 00 00 00 8c 00 00 | correct| .......|
|00006070| 25 48 00 00 40 b8 29 03 | ac 60 c0 ff 8c 8f c0 ff |%H..@.).|.`......|
|00006080| 20 22 00 00 69 6e 74 65 | 72 70 72 65 74 61 74 69 | "..inte|rpretati|
|00006090| 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 63 75 72 6c 79 20 62 72 |on with |curly br|
|000060a0| 61 63 6b 65 74 73 20 61 | 73 20 61 62 6f 76 65 2e |ackets a|s above.|
|000060b0| 0d 00 00 00 00 48 00 00 | 01 10 00 00 00 00 f5 07 |.....H..|........|
|000060c0| 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 | 02 14 00 00 d4 08 00 00 |........|........|
|000060d0| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 | 00 14 00 00 85 ac 00 00 |........|........|
|000060e0| 00 00 f5 07 0b 46 be ff | eb 74 be ff 20 22 00 00 |.....F..|.t.. "..|
|000060f0| 16 00 00 00 b0 fc 07 00 | 00 00 00 00 41 20 6c 69 |........|....A li|
|00006100| 6e 65 2d 6f 72 69 65 6e | 74 65 64 20 66 6f 72 6d |ne-orien|ted form|
|00006110| 20 6f 66 20 71 75 6f 74 | 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 62 | of quot|ing is b|
|00006120| 61 73 65 64 20 6f 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 73 68 65 6c |ased on |the shel|
|00006130| 6c 20 22 68 65 72 65 2d | 64 6f 63 22 20 73 79 6e |l "here-|doc" syn|
|00006140| 74 61 78 2e 20 20 46 6f | 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 |tax. Fo|llowing |
|00006150| 61 20 07 00 0e 43 12 00 | 0e 43 12 00 00 00 00 00 |a ...C..|.C......|
|00006160| 3c 3c 08 00 0e 44 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 79 6f 75 |<<...D..|.... you|
|00006170| 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 79 | 20 61 20 73 74 72 69 6e | specify| a strin|
|00006180| 67 20 00 00 00 ac 00 00 | 05 88 00 00 00 c0 c2 07 |g ......|........|
|00006190| e4 0d be ff c4 3c be ff | 20 22 00 00 74 6f 20 74 |.....<..| "..to t|
|000061a0| 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 65 | 20 74 68 65 20 71 75 6f |erminate| the quo|
|000061b0| 74 65 64 20 6d 61 74 65 | 72 69 61 6c 2c 20 61 6e |ted mate|rial, an|
|000061c0| 64 20 61 6c 6c 20 6c 69 | 6e 65 73 20 66 6f 6c 6c |d all li|nes foll|
|000061d0| 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 75 72 72 65 6e |owing th|e curren|
|000061e0| 74 20 6c 69 6e 65 20 64 | 6f 77 6e 20 74 6f 20 74 |t line d|own to t|
|000061f0| 68 65 20 74 65 72 6d 69 | 6e 61 74 69 6e 67 20 73 |he termi|nating s|
|00006200| 74 72 69 6e 67 20 61 72 | 65 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 |tring ar|e ......|
|00006210| 05 88 00 00 00 fc b9 07 | bd d5 bd ff 9d 04 be ff |........|........|
|00006220| 20 22 00 00 74 68 65 20 | 76 61 6c 75 65 20 6f 66 | "..the |value of|
|00006230| 20 74 68 65 20 69 74 65 | 6d 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 | the ite|m. The |
|00006240| 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 61 74 | 69 6e 67 20 73 74 72 69 |terminat|ing stri|
|00006250| 6e 67 20 6d 61 79 20 62 | 65 20 65 69 74 68 65 72 |ng may b|e either|
|00006260| 20 61 6e 20 69 64 65 6e | 74 69 66 69 65 72 20 28 | an iden|tifier (|
|00006270| 61 20 77 6f 72 64 29 2c | 20 6f 72 20 73 6f 6d 65 |a word),| or some|
|00006280| 20 71 75 6f 74 65 64 20 | 74 65 78 74 2e 20 20 49 | quoted |text. I|
|00006290| 66 20 00 00 00 88 00 00 | 05 84 00 00 00 40 6a 07 |f ......|.....@j.|
|000062a0| 96 9d bd ff 76 cc bd ff | 20 22 00 00 71 75 6f 74 |....v...| "..quot|
|000062b0| 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 74 79 70 65 20 6f 66 20 |ed, the |type of |
|000062c0| 71 75 6f 74 65 73 20 79 | 6f 75 20 75 73 65 20 64 |quotes y|ou use d|
|000062d0| 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 | 73 20 74 68 65 20 74 72 |etermine|s the tr|
|000062e0| 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 74 |eatment |of the t|
|000062f0| 65 78 74 2c 20 6a 75 73 | 74 20 61 73 20 69 6e 20 |ext, jus|t as in |
|00006300| 72 65 67 75 6c 61 72 20 | 71 75 6f 74 69 6e 67 2e |regular |quoting.|
|00006310| 20 20 41 6e 20 00 00 00 | 00 84 00 00 85 a0 00 00 | An ...|........|
|00006320| 00 ec f0 07 6f 65 bd ff | 4f 94 bd ff 20 22 00 00 |....oe..|O... "..|
|00006330| 75 6e 71 75 6f 74 65 64 | 20 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 |unquoted| identif|
|00006340| 69 65 72 20 77 6f 72 6b | 73 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 64 |ier work|s like d|
|00006350| 6f 75 62 6c 65 20 71 75 | 6f 74 65 73 2e 20 20 54 |ouble qu|otes. T|
|00006360| 68 65 72 65 20 6d 75 73 | 74 20 62 65 20 6e 6f 20 |here mus|t be no |
|00006370| 73 70 61 63 65 20 62 65 | 74 77 65 65 6e 20 74 68 |space be|tween th|
|00006380| 65 20 07 79 0e 45 12 00 | 0e 45 12 00 00 00 00 00 |e .y.E..|.E......|
|00006390| 3c 3c 08 61 0e 46 12 00 | 00 00 00 00 20 61 6e 64 |<<.a.F..|.... and|
|000063a0| 20 74 68 65 20 69 64 65 | 6e 74 69 66 69 65 72 2e | the ide|ntifier.|
|000063b0| 20 20 28 49 66 20 00 00 | 00 a0 00 00 05 8c 00 00 | (If ..|........|
|000063c0| 00 80 c6 07 48 2d bd ff | 28 5c bd ff 20 22 00 00 |....H-..|(\.. "..|
|000063d0| 79 6f 75 20 70 75 74 20 | 61 20 73 70 61 63 65 20 |you put |a space |
|000063e0| 69 74 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 62 65 20 74 72 65 61 74 |it will |be treat|
|000063f0| 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 20 | 6e 75 6c 6c 20 69 64 65 |ed as a |null ide|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.