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FAQ: Using Acorns for Internet Access
=====================================
Issue 6, 1st February 1995
This FAQ brings together information and hints on using Acorn computers
(Archimedes, Risc PC etc) on the Internet. It is posted monthly to
comp.sys.announce, comp.sys.acorn and demon.ip.support.archimedes, and
is archived on ftp.demon.co.uk in directory /pub/archimedes as
FAQ-Using-Acorns-For-Internet-Access.txt. It may be retrieved
automagically via email by sending a message to maillist@banana.demon.co.uk
with the "Subject:" field set to "GETTEXT AIFAQ" (the body of the
message is ignored).
It is maintained by Kevin Quinn - please send any comments, suggestions,
corrections etc. to aifaq@banana.demon.co.uk. There are several things
I would particularly like further information on for inclusion in the
FAQ; I have added a paragraph at the bottom of the FAQ listing these.
Copyright 1994,1995 Kevin Quinn. Freely distributable in unmodified form.
#include <std/disclaimer.h>
I take no responsibility for the accuracy or otherwise of information
contained in this FAQ. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
warranty. All information contained in this FAQ is subject to change
without notice.
============================================================================
Introduction and FAQ structure
This FAQ contains quite a lot of information. As a result I have
instigated a glossary at the end of the FAQ to explain various points
in an ordered fashion. Many of these points come up in the main body
of the FAQ, and this avoids repeating detailed explanations. If you
find anything in the FAQ that is unclear or confusing, please drop me
a line (send email to aifaq@banana.demon.co.uk) and I will attempt to
clarify things.
Throughout the FAQ I refer to "Acorn machines" which, unless otherwise
stated, includes the Archimedes range, the A30x0, A4000, A5000 and
Risc PC. Similarly when I mention "Arc" (for example "Arc software")
I mean all machines.
The main body of the FAQ is separated into the following sections:
1) What do I need to connect to the Internet?
2) Who can supply direct IP access?
3) Who can supply indirect access?
4) What software do I need for direct access services?
5) What software do I need for indirect access?
6) What newsreaders are there for the Acorn range?
7) Can I use WWW, Gopher etc. on my Acorn?
8) Serial ports, serial modules, transfer rates and other mysteries.
9) Use of TCP/IP over packet radio.
10) Other software utilities
To make it easy to get to the start of a section, you can search for the
number with the bracket, for example to get to the section on suppliers
of indirect access, you would search for "3)" (without the brackets, of
course!). To this end all other lists use letters or roman numerals.
Sections are also separated by lines of "-".
There are several appendices at the end of the FAQ, collating information
that is distributed through the FAQ into single points of reference.
Appendix A: List of Software including where to find it
Appendix B: Contact Addresses mentioned elsewhere in this FAQ
Appendix C: Glossary of terms
Appendix D: Things I'd like to know :-)
============================================================================
1) What do I need to connect to the Internet?
First, you need a service provider. These come essentially in two
flavours; those providing direct IP access, and those providing access
to a machine they have on the Internet. Second, you need the relevant
software. The software you need depends on the type of service
provider.
To elaborate, service providers like Demon Internet Services provide
dial-up access to low-level Internet. This means that your machine is
actually a machine on the Internet, albeit intermittently. To
use this kind of service you need to run complex software on your
machine (known as TCP/IP software). You cannot use simple comms
software (Arcterm, Hearsay etc) to use this kind of service. You can
use any facilities of the Internet for which you have the relevant
software.
Services like CIX (Compulink Information eXchange) provide a facility
whereby their machine runs the TCP/IP software, and you get an account
on their machine. Essentially this means that your machine is used
as a terminal onto their machine. For this kind of service, you use
normal comms software (Arcterm, Hearsay etc). You can only run the
facilities that are available on the service provider's machine.
Increasingly, bulletin boards are providing "gateways" to the Internet,
usually for EMail and Network News (also known as Usenet). This is a
much more limited form of Internet access, but is much cheaper for
the user.
If you only have email access to the Internet, for example you might
have email at work but no more, perhaps behind a "firewall", it is
surprising how much you can do with simple email, including Gopher
and believe it or not, WWW! There is an excellent document available
by sending mail to MAILBASE@mailbase.ac.uk with the subject field left
blank and the following in the body:
send lis-iis e-access-inet.txt
and you will receive the document by return-of-email :-) Also available
via anonymous ftp from mailbase.ac.uk in /pub/lists/lis-iis/files.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Who can supply direct IP access?
At the moment there appears to be an explosion in the number of service
providers for the individual user. The BBC service is currently
suffering from "contractual difficulties" with the Arc software,
however it is up and running for other platforms, and will be supporting
Acorn machines.
However, here are a few services that are available now. I have limited
this list to those providers who have subscribers using Acorn machines,
and the list is in alphabetic order to avoid favouritism :) Several
phrases I use may be unfamiliar - take a look at the glossary at the
end of this FAQ.
a) Demon Internet Services (UK)
A UK-wide provider, cheap and effective. Mail internet@demon.net for
information. Or download ftp.demon.co.uk:/pub/doc/Demon.txt. Points
of presence in many areas, supplying local-call access to a large
number of subscribers. Tel: (0181) 371 1234
Support available in the newsgroup demon.ip.support.archimedes.
Fixed IP address service.
b) The Internet Account (AUS)
Internet Provider in Sydney, Australia. Email to accounts@geko.com.au
for information. Provides SLIP, PPP and CLI accounts for the same
rates. Called 'The Internet Account'. riscman@geko.com.au handles
the Acorn-related side of things.. !TCPIP, Slipdial work with this
service.
Information can be obtained from http://www.geko.com.au/,
ftp://ftp.geko.com.au/pub/
Tel : +61-2-968-4333, Fax +61-2-968-4334,
PO BOX 473, Crows Nest, NSE 2065, Australia.
c) Pavilion Internet (UK)
A Brighton-based supplier. Email info@pavilion.co.uk for more info.
Dynamic IP address service.
d) Stichting Hack-Tic Network (NL)
Supplies service to the Netherlands. Email to helpdesk@xs4all.nl
for further information. Supplies both UUCP-style and direct
SLIP/PPP access to the Internet.
e) Stichting Knoware (NL)
Supplies service to the Netherlands. Email to knoware@knoware.nl for
information. !TCPIP works with this service, as does !ReadNews.
Michiel Koolen (mkoolen@trickbox.knoware.nl) runs their Arc support,
and provides a starter-pack preconfigured for Knoware.
f) Zynet (UK)
This service is provided by a sister-company to Minerva Software,
who have been in the Acorn arena for many years now, and are well
placed to talk Acorn-speak to Acorn users :-), so I'm going to say
a bit more about Zynet than I have about the others.
Email zynet@zynet.co.uk, or telephone (01392) 426160 (fax 421762).
Fixed IP address service. Rates are 12UKP+VAT pcm for 15 hours pcm
or 18UKP +VAT for unlimited time (discounts available for quarterly
and yearly payment). They also provide a specially designed schools
service.
Zynet can provide customers with a collection of PD/Shareware
software which is tailored for Zynet, and pre-configured for easy
setup.
There are a couple of lists available that are more comprehensive; a list
of UK providers can be found via ftp from ftp.demon.co.uk as
/pub/archives/uk-internet-list/inetuk.lng. There is an international
list distributed from <info-deli-server@netcom.com> - send email with
"Send PDIAL" as the text body to get the latest version.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) Who can supply indirect access?
There are many of these. They can usually be used with normal comms
software, eg. Arcterm, Hearsay etc.
a) CIX - Compulink Information eXchange
A London-based conferencing system, also providing email, ftp, telnet,
irc, gopher, www etc. Email: cixadmin@cix.compulink.co.uk,
Tel: 081 390 8446 (voice), 081 390 1244/1255 (modem).
Join conferences "archimedes" or "bbc" to find other Acorn users.
CIX are soon to launch a direct SLIP/PPP connection as well.
b) Compuserve
A large international conferencing system (albeit with a heavy US
bias). Currently provides an EMail interface and access to the Usenet
News (GO INTERNET). More comprehensive internet access is planned,
including FTP and TELNET. Forum UKCOMP topic Acorn/Z88 is the place
to find other Acorn users.
Tel: London (0181) 801 2001, Birmingham (0121) 632 4858,
Reading (01734) 391 064 or 569 025, Bristol (0117) 925 5111
c) Many bulletin boards provide EMail and limited newsgroup access.
The following is a list of the more popular ones - all are 24hour
boards and support most modem speeds:
Arcade BBS (0181 654 2212)
Rich in Paradise BBS (01442) 255199
The Digital Databank (01707) 329306)
The World Of Cryton (01749 670030)
These also hold lists of other Acorn-relevant bulletin boards.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4) What software do I need for direct access services?
There are several options. Under RISC OS, there is !TCPIP, also known as
KA9Q (the call-sign of the radio ham who first wrote it for the PC), and
Acorn's TCP/IP Suite, although you need a suitable driver for dial-up use
(Gnome Software market a SLIP driver). Most software that makes use of
the serial port will need !SerialDev, the serial device drivers. These
are written by Hugo Fiennes (altman@cryton.demon.co.uk) and are available
from most sources of Acorn software.
Under RISCiX, everything you need should already be there. You should
find that most UNIX sofware compiles without too much trouble (see
below). Running X-Windows (and hence using graphical WWW clients
like X-Mosaic) is possible, if a little slow.
4.1) Issues relating to !TCPIP - the port of KA9Q
Some of these are somewhat oriented towards use with Demon's dial-up
service; however most if not all points are relevant to all dial-up
SLIP services.
a) Where can I find it?
A "Starter-pack" has been assembled by Dr. Alan Hassey
(alan@midwife.demon.co.uk), of a selection of various pieces PD
software that provides an easy way to set yourself up for Demon
Internet. Available via ftp from ftp.demon.co.uk in directory
/pub/archimedes/acorn-starter-pak. Instructions for download and
de-archiving the software are given when you "cd" to that directory.
This sets up enough to use EMail, Usenet News and the basic Internet
protocols (FTP, TELNET etc). This is by far the easiest way to set up
initially. You can always try different newsreaders etc. later on.
Latest versions of the software can be found via ftp from ftp.demon.co.uk
in /pub/archimedes. Other popular sites that carry copies include Hensa
(micros.hensa.ac.uk), Stuttgart (ftp.uni-stuttgart.de). Can also be
found on Compuserve (GO UKCOMP), and bulletin boards (eg. Arcade, The
Digital Databank).
Make sure you have all of the following:
!TCPIP
!SlipDial or !CallDemon
!TCPIPUser
!SerialDev
A newsreader (see below)
It is probably best to put all the above in one directory - some of them
assume that the Filer has "seen" some of the others.
b) Who develops/developed it?
Currently maintained by Anthony Frost (vulch@kernow.demon.co.uk, G8UDV)
and Adam Goodfellow (email to tcpip2@comptech.demon.co.uk for
TCPIP-related stuff).
Original software for DOS by Phil Karn (KA9Q), first ported to the
Archimedes by Jonathan Naylor (G4KLX).
c) Does it work on the Risc PC?
As of version 2.01, it works well.
d) News is taking ages - how can I speed it up?
This often happens if you don't connect for a week - the retrieval of
messages over a day or two old seems to take forever. The solution is
to edit the "DemLast" file to a more recent date. The problem will
probably vary in severity depending on the speed of (and load on) your
local news server. The DemLast file is found inside ...!TCPIP.nntp
on versions of !TCPIP up to 2.00f, from 2.01 onwards it is found
in !TCPIPUser.NNTP. On configurations other than Demon, the file
may be called something else, but it will be <something>Last.
e) !TCPIP (KA9Q) crashes with "Bad Memory Access".
Several possible causes,
i) long lines in the "DemGroup" file - split into two or more lines.
ii) Forgetting to surroung numeric addresses with square brackets -
use "[127.0.0.1]" not "127.0.0.1". From version 2.01 this is not
a problem - both forms of address are accepted.
iii) "DemHist" file over ~20K. Quick solution is to delete the file,
the problem will then go away (until DemHist grows too big again!)
DemHist should be "trimmed" regularly, by deleting some lines
from the beginning of the file (it doesn't matter how many, as
long as you delete whole lines and the resulting file is
a fair bit under 20K).
The best way to do this is to use the likes of !SlipDial, which
can automatically trim the file each time you connect.
This should also not be a problem from version 2.01 onwards,
although it is still a good idea to trim the DemHist file regularly
for speed.
Note that when configured for systems other than Demon the
"DemHist" file might be called <somethingelse>Hist.
f) !TCPIP (KA9Q) can't find a site.
If the machine that "resolve" uses to resolve hostnames is down, then
the site will not be found. Unfortunately, this information is "cached",
i.e. the resolver remembers that the site is unavailable and next time
you can't get to it even if the resolve server is back up. Type
"resolve purge" to clear the cache, and try again.
Resolve as implemented in !TCPIP currently can only resolve one hostname
at a time - if a second request is made before the first is completed then
the site comes back as unknown. This has the same effect on the resolve
cache as above; solution is to type "resolve purge" in the same way.
g) How do I configure !TCPIP (KA9Q) for setups other than Demon?
Knoware works with a similar setup to Demon's - contact Michiel Koolen
for details (mkoolen@trickbox.knoware.nl).
The main differences on other systems are the connection sequence (for
which a suitable !SlipDial script is required) and the host names of
the relevant mail and news servers. Some of the smaller providers
use dynamic IP addresses (i.e. you're IP address is different every
time you log on) which is where !SlipDial comes into its own. Look
at the script "default" for an example of how to cope with this.
h) I keep getting "resolve timeout" errors when first connecting - what
is wrong?
Nothing is wrong. With Demon's system, it takes time to set up the
routing tables at their end so that packets get sent down your serial
line. Until these tables are set up nothing can find it's way to
you, including the response to resolver requests. The timeout message
just indicates that a fresh request is being sent as a response has
not been received.
To stop the messages, you can add all the hosts mentioned in the
AutoExec file to the resolve.hosts file - to do this you will need
to know the IP addresses of the relevant hosts. For example, my
resolve.hosts file looks like:
{ip_addr} {host} local
158.152.1.193 ns.demon.co.uk
158.152.1.72 post.demon.co.uk
158.152.1.76 ntp.demon.co.uk
158.152.1.83 betanews.demon.co.uk
158.152.1.44 ftp.demon.co.uk
However, doing this means that if the IP address changes (some of
these sites are aliases for other sites and the alias may change
from time to time) then the resolve.hosts file will need to be
updated to reflect the changes. If you can live with the messages,
you can just have the first line in your resolve.hosts file and
you won't have to worry about changing IP addresses.
i) When I try using !TCPIP, it doesn't seem to get the modem to
dial up. What am I doing wrong?
This is a common mistake, often made by people used to the DIS software
provided by Demon for PC users. DIS incorporates a "dialler", whereas
the current version of !TCPIP does not. A "dialler" of some sort is
required to make the initial connection and log on - !TCPIP assumes that
it can start talking SLIP to the serial port as soon as it is launched.
There are several ways to dial the modem; you can use the likes of
!ArcTerm7, !Hearsay etc. or you can use a special dialler application.
There are two "diallers" on ftp.demon.co.uk, !CallDemon and !SlipDial.
!CallDemon is a simple dialler, and !SlipDial provides a scripting
language and can do clever things, like dial alternate numbers and
re-configure !TCPIP for dynamic IP situations on-the-fly etc.
j) The last email I send doesn't get deleted properly, and gets sent
out every time I connect.
This is due to the faulty SMTP implementation on some email gateways.
In English, this means that although !TCPIP is working correctly,
sometimes the machine that email goes to has duff software on it.
Here are a few ways to combat the problem:
i) After sending your E-mail delete the last message manually.
(hmm..)
ii) Write a widget to do it for you, and run that after succesful
mailing.
For example, put the following two lines in an "Obey" file (i.e.
create a normal textfile and use the filer menu to set the type to
obey) - strip off the leading spaces (if you want!):
Wipe <Mail$Dir>.spool.mqueue.text.* ~CF~R~V
Wipe <Mail$Dir>.spool.mqueue.work.* ~CF~R~V
iii) Put a message in <TCPIP$Dir>.MailDir.spool.mqueue.text (phew)
and a message header in <TCPIP$Dir>.MailDir.spool.mqueue.work
with name '9999' (or any other high number) and send it do a
null E-mail address. The message will always remain in the
queue, but it is sent to the great electronic garbage can.
Ask your service provider if they have such a thing (often
something like "dev/null@<site>).
4.2) Issues relating to the TCP/IP suite (Acorn)
Contains a good VT220 emulation, and a basic TCP/IP stack. Does not
provide SMTP (email) or NNTP (network news) at the moment. The suite
provides a Berkeley socket look-alike interface, which should enable
software to be ported without too much difficulty, however I am unaware
of any such available software.
A SLIP driver (IP-SLIP) is available fromn Gnome Computers, Cambridge,
which is needed for dial-up connections. Gnome can also supply a
DOMAIN module which provides domain-name lookup.
Acorn are working on major additions to the suite to include support
for more protocols, in particular they are working on a Web browser.
Current ETA for the Web Browser is very roughly the middle of 1995.
4.3) Issues relating to RiscIX and the TCP/IP stack.
As said above, this is not a problem for those who know UNIX.
Some things worth noting, however. Get the kernel kit from Acorn or
Granada MicroCare, and build a kernel with PPP support built-in, then
compile PPPD. Use ifconfig etc. to configure the routeing. This is too
complex a process to describe in detail here, and you should only do this
sort of thing if you know what you are doing anyway! There is also a
"BIND" patch, which reduces dependency on the local hosts databases.
The BIND patch is available via anonymous FTP from ftp.acorn.co.uk
in directory /pub/riscix/named.
Granada MicroCare are on Harrogate (01423) 525412.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5) What software do I need for indirect access?
All that is needed here is normal comms software, like !Arcterm 7 from
The Serial Port and !Hearsay from Beebug. Both are perfectly competent;
both have many satisfied users. There is a little public domain
software, !ZAnsi includes ZModem file transfer which is the most
efficient commonly used transfer protocol in the BBS world.
As with indirect access, message reading and composing can usually be
done on-line; however this can get expensive as you end up spending a lot
of money on your 'phone bill. To alleviate this problem, OLRs (Off-Line
Readers) are available. !ReaderS from Anthony Frost supports several
BBS formats, including those used by most Acorn-related bulletin boards.
For CompuServe, a package is available from Richard Proctor called
!Arctic. See below for further information.
Arcterm 7 and Hearsay both provide scripting facilities which allow
automation of sessions. Scripts are available for several bulletin
boards, and also for CIX.
If you are or would like to be an Arc bulletin board operator,
the Archiboard software package from Supreme Software Systems Ltd
supports transfer of news and email to/from the Internet via a
Demon Internet account. This software now supports mailing lists.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6) What newsreaders are there for the Acorn range?
There are no commercial newsreaders available (yet). However there
are several PD and Shareware/Careware newsreaders around. A few months
ago there were only two real contenders here (!ReadNews and !ReaderS),
but all of a sudden we are spoilt for choice! I could say something
about public transport and buses here...
In an attempt at not appearing biased, I have listed them in alphabetic
order. I hope that any comments I have made are fair - people get very
touchy about their favourite newsreader, source of many a flame war!.
a) !Arctic
This is dedicated to CompuServe, currently supports conference
messaging, mail, and file transfers amongst other things. Available
from the UKCOMP forum (Acorn/Z88 topic) and from good bulletin boards.
It is shareware, registration currently costs 10 UKP. It automates
reading, posting, file upload and downloads amongst other things. For
further information contact Richard Proctor on Compuserve (user ID
100031.604) or as rjp@waveney.demon.co.uk on the Internet.
Current hints:
None really. Make sure you have the latest version (well over 2.4
now) as Compuserve have recently upgraded their system. Note that
it only works with Compuserve at the moment.
b) !EasyMail
This news/email reader also handles message downloads from BBS
systems running ArcBBS (including Arcade, The Digital Databank,
Rich In Paradise and The World of Cryton). Written by Marc L.Veary,
marc@mlveary.demon.co.uk.
c) !News
This is available via ftp from ftp.demon.co.uk in /pub/archimedes.
Still haven't had time to try it out yet...
Written by Timothy Kimber (ceetnk@caledonia.hw.ac.uk term time,
tim@mobius.demon.co.uk other times)
d) !News-o-saurus
This is a single-tasking newsreader (i.e. doesn't use any nice
windows!) and needs a large amount of RAM (2Mb+), as it is written
in Perl.
However, it doesn't crash, and handles threads very well. Similar
in style to "rn" et. al. on UNIX systems.
In my opinion it has the best threading capability of the available
newsreaders that I've seen.
Currently only available direct from the author.
Written by Martin Portman (martin@tumble.demon.co.uk).
"Freeware".
Current hints:
None really. Does what it does without much difficulty. If it fails
to run, this is invariably due to lack of memory. Increase the
wimpslot (edit the !Run file) and try again.
e) !ReaderS
This is a general-purpose reader that caters for Bulletin Boards
as well as interfacing with !TCPIP. It provides good navigation
of threads, but doesn't follow this through when posting messages.
Also a little unstable for Internet access at the time of writing.
Easy to set up. Good option if you already use it for BBS use.
Written by Anthony Frost (vulch@kernow.demon.co.uk).
"Careware".
Current hints:
a) !ReaderS locks up when I try to start it
The !MailDir application MUST have been seen by the filer
before !ReaderS is used for News and Email. !MailDir is the
repository for incoming and outgoing mail with !TCPIP (KA9Q).
As of version 2.01 of !TCPIP, a new application !TCPIPUser
replaces !MailDir, and in this case !TCPIPUser must be seen
by the filer.
b) When !ReaderS crashes, just try again. The only reliable way to
get !ReaderS working when it repeatedly crashes is to delete the
message database (unfortunately). Delete the file "DemMail" from
the !ReadBack application. Reliability seems to vary quite
considerably - some people find it crashes all the time when
used for Usenet News access while others find it is relatively
stable.
c) !ReaderS doesn't work on my nice new Risc PC
Yes it does :-) Load the !Run file inside the !ReaderS
application into an editor (!Edit is fine). Change the
line that sets the WimpSlot to
Wimpslot -min 300K -max 300K
and it'll work again.
f) !ReadNews
A competent newsreader. Many facilities; easy to add your own.
Unfortunately suffers from a limit of 77 article per newsgroup,
and doesn't provide any neat threading facilities. A little daunting
to set up initially as it was written to interface with !RUCP, not
!TCPIP. Read the help files supplied with (at least) the versions
on ftp.demon.co.uk for step-by-step instructions.
New version (0.31) imminent, which will solve the 77-arcticle limit,
the spurious CTRL-A that appears between postings and the signature,
and it should also simplify the setting up procedure.
Written by Julian Wright (jwright@comp.vuw.ac.nz)
"Freeware".
Current hints:
i) To solve the CTRL-A problem (see above), select
Options->Signature->Script from the main menu.
ii) Article limit. No real reliable solution here (that I know of)
You can try using the likes of !Memphis to support more than
77 files in the News subdirectory structure, but this is slow
and unreliable.
iii) Having trouble setting up?
a) You need to set up !RUCP - however only bits of it are
relevant. The files you need are !Boot, !Run, Passwd,
SystemRC, Systems, the directory trees UserHome and uucp.
In the "Systems" file, the actual details are ignored by
!ReadNews, the important thing is to write one line for
"news" and one for "post" on a Demon setup, so that !ReadNews
knows about the NNTP server and mail server respectively.
In the "SystemRC" file, set "MailServ=post", leave the rest
alone. In the "!Boot" file, set RUCP$NodeName to your node
name (the first word in your hostname, for example my hostname
is banana.demon.co.uk, so my node name is banana). Set
RUCP$Domain to the domain name (in my case demon.co.uk) and
RUCP$User to your normal username. That should complete
the setting up required for !Rucp.
b) With the latest version of !Incorp, the debatcher that goes
with !ReadNews no longer needs the filters needed for previous
versions. However to work properly with !TCPIP (KA9Q) you
need to ensure that the mail separator is ^A - to do this
change the "Config" file in !TCPIP so that it reads:
smtp separator ^A
Although "smtp separator rnews" would be quicker, it fails
because !TCPIP (KA9Q) adds an extra line between mail messages
for some reason. Future versions of either !TCPIP or !Incorp
may cure this, which would speed up debatching considerably.
The default setup of !TCPIP (KA9Q) comes configured with
"smtp separator from", which causes the machine to crash
needing a CTRL-Break when used with !Incorp.
c) !ReadNews itself is simple, just copy it along with !Incorp
into your internet directory.
g) !TTFN and !NewsBase
Together these form an excellent pair. TTFN is a news/email reader,
NewsBase is a news database thingy. TTFN looks somewhat like
!ReadNews, but is far superior (IMHO). A lot of effort appears to
have been made to make them easy to configure, automatically picking
information up from !TCPIP (KA9Q).
Currently !NewsBase supports !TCPIP (KA9Q), Taylor UUCP and !UUCP.
!TTFN supports whatever !NewsBase supports...
Latest versions available from ftp.demon.co.uk in the Archimedes
section.
TTFN written by Robert Orwin (ttfn@wong.demon.co.uk)
Newsbase written by Graham Allan (allan@mnhep1.hep.umn.edu)
Current hints:
None, really. Note that threading is by article title only.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7) Can I use WWW, Gopher etc. on my Acorn?
There is a Gopher client, written by Anthony Frost, available for
ftp from ftp.demon.co.uk which interfaces with !TCPIP (KA9Q) v2.01.
The gopher client allows access to Veronica, which is a search utility
linked to gopher.
There are two Web clients available in the public domain.
ArcWeb, written by Stewart Brodie is available from ftp.demon.co.uk
/pub/archimedes/www. Currently lacking "Forms", but this is on the
way.
Webster, written by Andrew Pullan (a.j.pullan.uk03@oasis.icl.co.uk)
is also available from ftp.demon.co.uk, in /pub/archimedes/developers.
Other products are on their way - Doggysoft are hoping that !Termite
will support WWW etc. fairly soon.
There are also public access clients available via TELNET which
provide access to the facilities without the need for local
client software. There is a trade off in speed and often
functionality, but it's better than nothing. For most of these
types of facility you need a telnet client capable of supporting
VT100 terminal emulation (or above). !TCPIP (KA9Q) supports this, as
does Acorn's TCP/IP suite, which includes a VT220 emulator.
Here is a list of a few sites for various TELNET facilities:
a) WWW (World Wide Web)
The following public-access Lynx clients are available (Lynx is a text
based WWW browser; no pictures and sound but it's better than nothing):
telnet www.tecc.co.uk 9001 (The "9001" is very important)
telnet www.info.cern.ch
telnet panda.uiowa.edu
b) Gopher
The following public-access gopher clients are available via telnet:
telnet gopher.brad.ac.uk
telnet panda.uiowa.edu
You can also access gopher through the World Wide Web. In other
words you can get at it via public-access Lynx clients (see (a)
above). Press "g" to perform a "goto", then type in:
gopher://<whereever>
c) IRC
telnet to irc.demon.co.uk, for a public access IRC client. Be
prepared to be on-line for a long time...
As far as indirect access is concerned, the above public access
clients are of course still available to those services supplying
telnet access. CIX supplies its own facilties for the above,
again running text-only versions for VT100-capable terminals.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8) Serial ports, serial modules, transfer rates and other mysteries.
a) Serial ports and SerialDev.
The various different models of Acorn Archimedes et. seq. computers have
different capabilities with respect to their in-built serial ports. The
older machines often have difficulty above 9600bps. There are two
modules available via ftp from ftp.acorn.co.uk in /pub/riscos/patches
which alleviate problems (Risc OS 3.11 does not need these as they are
already on ROM). This should enable reliable communication at 9600bps
and possibly at 19.2Kbps
The other solution is to purchase one of the serial port cards available.
These give high-speed capability, and recoup their cost rapidly. Go for
one that can support 115200bps - this may seem excessive but the V34
standard has now been ratified which gives a modem-modem speed
of 28800bps; with V42bis compression this can theoretically come though
to the computer at up to 4x28800=115200bps.
In order to assist software to communicate with the various serial port
systems, Hugo Fiennes developed the "Serial Block Drivers", which are
needed for most comms software. They are available as an application
called !SerialDev from most sources.
Acorn have issued a detailed application note that includes lots of
useful information on serial ports, AppNote234. Available from Acorn's
FTP site (ftp.acorn.co.uk), a copy can also be found on ftp.demon.co.uk
and various bulletin boards.
b) Serial modules - SerialDev, SerialUtil, SerialBuff, SerPatch
There various "features" of the multitude of serial port implementations
on the various machines in the Acorn range. As far as I know, the
implementation in the Risc PC works well. On older machines some of the
modules may be necessary to drive the internal serial port reliably.
SerialDev is required on older machines (A3000, A3x0, A4x0) if
reliable communication is required with Risc OS 3.10.
SerialBuff provides an extended serial buffer for the internal port,
which reduces character loss. Should be RMLoaded before the serial
port is used.
SerialUtil is a patch to enable older Risc OS 2 software to run with
Risc OS 3.1. Probably not needed with recent software.
SerPatch is an application which patches the module SerialDeviceDriver
to improve interrupt handling. Load the patched module on boot-up if
you have problems after loading SerialDev.
c) Transfer rates.
With a 14.4Kbps V32bis modem, you should be able to get up to 1400 bytes
per second when transferring binary files (i.e. files that are compressed)
with FTP, and up to 2500 bytes per second and above when transferring
text files. Note however that transfer rates also depend on the speed of
the route between your service provider and the machine at the other end.
Often this can reduce flow considerably.
In this case, find out if your service provider supplies a "BatchFTP"
service, where you can send mail to one of their machines which will then
transfer the required file to their own machine, from which you can
download the file at full speed later on. Both Demon and CIX supply this
service at no extra charge.
d) UUencoding, Tar, Zip etc.
When a binary file is sent over the Network News system, it has to be
coded in ASCII as the news system does not generally support 8-bit
transfer. In this case the most common form of encoding is called
"UUEncoding". The results are distinguishable by long files of gibberish
where the first letter of each line is "M". To decode these files, you
need "UUDecode", a version of which is available from all the usual
places.
If a file is very long, it is often split into several parts. To decode
these files, they need to be recombined before decoding. Often, due to
the way the news system operates, the parts can become jumbled. They
should be labelled "part 2 of 3" etc to enable reliable recombination.
There are several utilities which can do this for you automatically; for
example !UUExplode, which is available from the usual sources. This
enables you to double-click on a file of type UUEncode (7FE) and watch it
explode into the decoded files automatically. Some newsreaders will
cope with this, automatically glueing multi-part uuencoded files together
for easy decode (the only available one that does at the moment is
!ReadNews).
Once you have the decoded file, it will often be an archive of some sort,
probably compressed. Most software repositories which deal with
Arc software use "!Spark" from David Pilling to archive and compress the
software. !SparkPlug is available in the public domain to decompress
such archives. The other utility commonly used is !ArcFS, as used by
the various Acorn magazines for their cover discs. This is read-only;
!ArcFSR/W is the read/write version, and is available commercially from
most outlets.
In the PC world, the most common utility is "PKZIP", these files can be
noted by their ".zip" suffix. !SparkFS supports the PKZIP format. And
of course you could use PKZIP itself with a PC Emulator if you have one.
In the UNIX world, a combination of "tar" and "compress" are used,
versions of which are available for the Acorn machines. "tar" takes a
set of files and combines them into one file, and "compress" compresses
files. Usually such "tarchives" are noticeable by the ".tar.Z" suffix.
Sometimes "GNUZip" is used instead of "compress", in which case the
suffix is ".tar.gz". A port of GNUZip is also available from the usual
sources.
SparkFS from David Pilling also handles uuencoded and ".tar.Z" stuff.
However it doesn't cope with multi-part uuencoded postings if they
arrive out of order. As far as ".tar" and ".Z" are concerned it is
complete.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9) Use of TCP/IP over packet radio.
!TCPIP (KA9Q) is well suited to running TCP/IP over packet radio; after
all that is what it was written for in the first place. However there
are strict (global) regulations regarding what can and cannot be
transmitted over the amateur bands. This technically outlaws copying
stuff to and from the Internet without taking care to vet all material.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10) Other Software Utilities
This section discusses briefly other utilities that are relevant to
using the Internet.
a) !MailList
This utility provides mailing list and mail server functions alongside
!NewsBase (see section 6g above). A mailing list is an automatic
facility that takes incoming email to a user account, and copies that
email to all subscribers to the mailing list. A mail server is a
facility for retrieving files via email.
To obtain a copy send email to MailList@cray-3.xs4all.nl with the
subject field set to "SEND MailList".
b) !MailBot
This is a general purpose automatic email "robot". It relies on
<Mail$Dir>, which is part of the !TCPIP/KA9Q distribution. It can
be used to process incoming mail to an account automatically.
It can be obtained via FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk in directory
/pub/archimedes, or from HENSA. For full information, send
a blank email to mailbot@xargle.demon.co.uk.
============================================================================
Appendix A: List of Software including where to find it
Archiboard
From Supreme Software Systems Limited.
Arcterm7
Most Acorn retailers, or direct from The Serial Port.
Arctic
Compuserve (UKFORM Acorn/Z88), Arcade, The Digital Databank.
ArcWeb
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes/www
CallDemon
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
Gopher
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
Hearsay
Most Acorn retailers, or direct from Beebug
Newsbase and TTFN
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
News-o-saurus
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes (soon!)
ReaderS
Direct from Anthony Frost (vulch@kernow.demon.co.uk)
ReadNews, Incorp, RUCP and filters
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
RiscIX related software
Granada Microcare
SerialDev
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
SlipDial
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
Spark, SparkFS, Sparkplug
Sparkplug can be found in most public places. Spark and SparkFS are
available direct from David Pilling, email david@pilling.demon.co.uk
TCPIP (KA9Q)
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes
TCP/IP Suite
Most Acorn retailers. SLIP driver and DOMAIN module available from
Gnome Computers.
Unix utilities, tar, compress, gzip etc.
Try Hensa (micros.hensa.ac.uk) or the Acorn-related bulletin boards,
e.g. Arcade and The Digital Databank. David Pilling has ported many
unix utilities, email david@pilling.demon.co.uk.
Webster
FTP from ftp.demon.co.uk /pub/archimedes/developers
Zansi
Available on good Acorn-related BBS systems
============================================================================
Appendix B: Contact Addresses mentioned elsewhere in this FAQ
Anthony Frost:
Email vulch@kernow.demon.co.uk
Adam Goodfellow:
Email tcpip2@comptech.demon.co.uk for !TCPIP (KA9Q) related stuff,
otherwise email adam@comptech.demon.co.uk for
Arcade BBS:
Tel: Modem London (0181) 654 2212, (0181) 655 4412 most speeds.
Beebug:
Tel: St. Albans (01727) 860263
CIX (Compulink Information eXchange):
Tel: London (0181) 390 8446 or email cixadmin@cix.compulink.co.uk
Modem (0181) 390 1255/1244 most speeds (on-line registration
is available).
CompuServe:
Tel: London (0181) 801 2001, Birmingham (0121) 632 4858,
Reading (01734) 391 064 or 569 025, Bristol (0117) 925 5111
David Pilling:
Email david@pilling.demon.co.uk
Demon Internet Services:
Email: internet@demon.net
Tel: London (0181) 371 1234
Web: http://www.demon.co.uk/
FTP: ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/
The Digital Databank BBS:
Tel: (Modem) Welwyn Garden (01707) 329306 most speeds
Gnome Computers:
Tel: Huntingdon (01480) 406 164
Graham Allan:
Email
allan@mnhep1.hep.umn.edu.
Granada Microcare:
Tel: Harrogate (01423) 525 412
Hugo Fiennes:
Email: altman@cryton.demon.co.uk (see also The Serial Port)
The Internet Account (AUS)
Email: accounts@geko.com.au
Tel: +61-2-968-4333, Fax: +61-2-968-4334
Web: http://www.geko.com.au/
FTP: ftp://ftp.geko.com.uk/pub/
Julian Wright:
Email jwright@comp.vuw.ac.nz
Rich in Paradise BBS:
Tel: (Modem) Hemel Hempstead (01442) 255 199 most speeds
Risc Developments:
Have gone into receivership. Direct any queries to Beebug (see above)
Robert Orwin:
Email ttfn@wong.demon.co.uk for !TTFN related stuff, otherwise
email rob@wong.demon.co.uk.
Stichting Hack-Tic Netwerk/XS4ALL (NL)
Email helpdesk@xs4all.nl
Stichting Knoware (NL)
Email knoware@knoware.nl
Supreme Software Systems Ltd
Tel: (01603) 745077 (voice) and (01603) 744231 (data/BBS)
The Serial Port:
Tel: Wells (01749) 670058
The World Of Cryton BBS - (Modem) Wells (01749) 670030 most speeds
Zynet:
Email: zynet@zynet.co.uk
Tel: (01392) 426160, fax (01392) 421762
Web: http://www.zynet.co.uk/
FTP: ftp://ftp.zynet.co.uk/
============================================================================
Appendix C: Glossary
This is a new section. If you spot any term or phrase used in the FAQ
which would benefit from elaboration here in the glossary, please let
me know.
Dynamic IP Services
Services whereby your Internet address is assigned when you dial in,
so that the address changes each time you connect.
Fixed IP Services
Services whereby your Internet address is permanently assigned.
Enables incoming FTP, TELNET etc.
Protocol
A standardised method of communication understood by both ends of
a connection. For the Internet, these include TCP, UDP, IP, ICMP,
IGMP, SLIP, PPP, NNTP, FTP, TELNET etc. etc.
Resolving
This is the term given to the process of converting a numeric Internet
address (e.g. 123.132.1.2) to a host name (e.g. fred.co.uk) and vice
versa.
TCP/IP (stack).
Generic term used to describe the "protocols" used across the Internet.
The TCP/IP stack is a collection of the various protocols that use
each other in a stack-like formation, for example FTP uses TCP which
uses IP which uses SLIP.
URLs
"Uniform Resource Locators" appear all the way through the FAQ.
They are generally of the form: <protocol>://<site>/<directory>,
for example ftp://ftp.src.doc.ic.ac.uk/pub/systems/ means access
using the FTP protocol, to site "src.doc.ic.ac.uk" in directory
"/pub/systems". URLs are used by Web browsers to locate resources.
============================================================================
Appendix D: Things I'd like to know :-)
If you have further information on the following that I could include in
this FAQ, please drop me an email. If you have further information that
you think could be relevant that isn't on the list please send it anyway!
Information on configuring and using KA9Q (and any other TCP/IP software
for that matter) with IP suppliers other than Demon, especially the Pipex
resellers who use dynamic IP address allocation (DynaSLIP etc).
Information on software that is available and of use on the Internet,
commercial or otherwise.
Acorn-related bulletin boards with Internet gateways.
Anything about the relative merits of the various newsreaders - I don't
have time to use them all in anger. Especially !EasyMail and !News.
============================================================================
Credits:
Many people have contributed to this FAQ, however to list everybody
would double the size of the FAQ! Contributions are much appreciated,
without them the FAQ would be a fraction of the size it is now, so
please keep them flowing in.
Comments, suggestions etc. to aifaq@banana.demon.co.uk (Kevin F. Quinn).