Guerrero was a region of particular interest to the Olmec, since it is the source of the highly prized greenstone (serpentine and jade) used both in ritual and for prestige objects. It is thought to have symbolized life and living things, particularly maize, the main staple of Mesoamerica.
Scholars have long thought that the Olmec established trading outposts here, but only recently has concrete evidence been found.
At the site of Teopantecuanitlan, monumental stone architecture has been uncovered, a rarity in highland Mexico at this time. This includes a sunken patio walled with massive blocks of stone carved with Olmec style images of baby-faced individuals.
Other elements include a stone lined drain, again reminiscent of Olmec architecture, and a large stone head (not on the massive scale of the San Lorenzo colossal heads).
Teopantecuanitlan controlled trade routes by river to other sites in Guerrero and into Morelos and Central Mexico, including the important Olmec centre at Chalcatzingo.
